Syllabus MSC Zoology

B. K.

BIRLA COLLEGE OF ARTS, SCIENCE AND

COMMERCE (AUTONOMOUS), KALYAN.
Syllabus for M.Sc. Part-I

Program M.Sc.
Course: Zoology (Cell Biology)
Semester I and II
(With effect from 2021-22)

M.Sc.
Programme outcomes
PO PO Description
A student completing postgraduation in Science (M.Sc.) will be able
to attain the following
PO1 Due to individual Research projects, research orientation and
temperament will be enhanced.
PO2 Advanced Applied papers will upgrade the students’ knowledge
essential in the field.
PO3 Postgraduates with varied but interrelated and interdisciplinary academic
background will be produced to serve as human resources. The
knowledge of basic and applied/novel disciplines of the subject will aid
in professional growth
PO4 To demonstrate professional and ethical attitude with enormous

responsibility to serve the society
PO5 Problem Analysis: Identify, formulate, review research literature, and
analyze complex Subject related problems reaching substantiated
conclusions and probably solutions
PO6 Responsible execution of their roles in society as professionals,

employers, and employees in various industries as regulators,
researchers, educators and managers.
PO7 Life-long Learning: Recognize the need for and have the preparation and
ability to engage in independent and lifelong learning in the broadest
context of Subject and beyond through various Online platforms.
Program Specific Outcome
M.Sc. Zoology with Cell Biology as specialization will help students in acquiring in-depth
knowledge of theoretical and practical aspects of cell biology. The syllabus will provide the insight
not only in classical aspects of the subject but also the most recent and the modern aspects. The
program will equip the students with the set of skills which are required to obtain the high profile
jobs in the industries and research institutions of national and international repute.
The variety of skill sets practiced by the students will enable them in learning practical aspects of
cell biology. This specialization will provide overabundance of knowledge to the students in the
field of cell biology and will present ample opportunities in job sectors. Students will also be able
to create their own niche in fields of super specialization such as genetic counseling, cancer
biology and stem cell biology as they will be gaining an adequate knowledge of necessary
techniques such as chromosomal banding, karyotyping, cell culture and maintenance of cell line,
patent writing etc. where scholars with expertise are in demand.
Visits to the different institutions planned during this program will help students in understanding
these organizations better and also provide them with opportunities to have firsthand experience of
witnessing the functioning of these institutions. This will encourage students further to complete
the program with greater force.
Project assigned for 150 marks will be extensive enough to provide opportunities to the students to
use all the techniques which they will be learning in their practical sessions. Students will be able
to publish their worthwhile findings.
Continuous internal assignment is a part of the evaluation system in this program; it will maintain
the continuity in teaching and learning process.
If the program is completed with zeal, enthusiasm and dedication students will be able to incept
their own start up and become job providers than the job seekers.
B. K. Birla College of Arts, Science and Commerce (Autonomous), Kalyan
M.Sc. –I Zoology Semester I
Proposed Course Unit Topics Proposed Changes in Topics Credits Lectures/
Code Week
Phylogeny Systematics Comparative Anatomy- I
I of non-chordates and 1
assorted topicsI
Phylogeny, systematics
of non-chordates,
BPSZOO101 II Developmental Biology –I 1
Hemichordata&
Essentials of 04
Assorted Topics
Zoology-I
Phylogeny, systematic Systematics, Taxonomy and
III of chordates and Phylogeny 1
Assorted topics –I
Comparative vertebrate Laboratory Culture of Small
IV 1
osteology- I Organisms
Biomolecules-a Biochemistry
I structural and functional 1
approach- I
Biochemical Bioenergetics
BPSZOO102 II 1
Thermodynamics
Biochemistry and 04
Metabolic Pathways Metabolism –I
Physiology-I
III and integration of 1
Metabolism- I
Regulation of Mammalian Physiology –I
IV 1
metabolism
Genetics–Chromosome Molecular Biology – I
I theory of inheritance 1
and Mendelism- I
Genetics Extension of Animal Cell Biotechnology
BPSZOO103
Mendelian Genetics and
Modern Concepts II 04 1
Non-Mendelian
in Zoology-I
inheritance-I
III Evolution- I Genetics 1
Developmental Recombinant DNA Technology
IV 1
Biology- I
Principles and Instrumentation-I
applications of
I Microtomy, 1
microscopy,
centrifugation
Principle and Histopathological and
BPSZOO104
applications of Biochemical Techniques
Techniques and II 1
radioisotopes & 04
Methodologies in
extraction techniques
Zoology-I
Principles and Introduction to Nano-
III applications of Biotechnology 1
spectroscopy
Good laboratory Ecotoxicology
IV practices & research 1
methodology-I
B. K. Birla College of Arts, Science and Commerce, (Autonomous), Kalyan
M.Sc. –I Zoology Semester- II
Proposed Course Unit Topics Proposed Changes Credits Lectures
Code /Week
Phylogeny, systematics of
Comparative Anatomy- II
I non-chordates and assorted 1
topics-II
BPSZOO201 Phylogeny of Protochordates, Developmental Biology –II
II 1
Essentials of Agnatha& Assorted Topics
04
Zoology-II Phylogeny, systematics of Fundamentals of Histology and
III chordates and assorted Endocrinology 1
topics‐ II
Comparative vertebrate Fundamentals of Cell Biology
IV 1
osteology‐ II
Biomolecules‐ a structural Enzymology
I 1
and functional approach‐ II
Chemical Messengers and Cell
BPSZOO202 Enzymes and Enzyme
II Signaling 1
Biochemistry and kinetics
04
Physiology-II
Metabolic Pathways and Metabolism –II
III 1
integration of Metabolism‐ II
Mammalian Physiology –II
IV Inborn errors of Metabolism 1
Genetics–Chromosome Molecular Biology – II
I theory of inheritance and 1
Mendelism ‐ II
Genetics‐ Extension of Genome Projects
BPSZOO203
Modern Concepts II 1
Non‐Mendelian inheritance‐ 04
in Zoology-II
II
Genetic Counseling
III Evolution‐ II 1
Bioinformatics
IV Developmental Biology‐II 1
Principles and applications of Instrumentation-II
I 1
chromatography‐ I
Principles and applications of Intellectual Property Rights and
chromatography‐II (Gel Patents
BPSZOO204 II 1
chromatography and affinity
Techniques and
chromatography)
Methodologies in 04
Principles and applications of Biostatistics
Zoology-II
chromatography &
III 1
Electrophoresis (GC,
HPTLC, Electrophoresis
Good laboratory practices & Research Methodology
IV 1
Research methodology‐ II
M.Sc. –I Zoology
Syllabus
Semester -I
Paper Title of the Paper Course Code Credit
Number
Paper I Essentials of Zoology-I BPSZOO101 04
I Comparative Anatomy- I (100M)
II Developmental Biology –I
III Systematics, Taxonomy and Phylogeny
IV Laboratory Culture of Small Organisms
Practical I BPSZOOP1 02
(50M)
Paper II Biochemistry and Physiology-I BPSZOO102 04

I Biochemistry (100M)
II Bioenergetics
III Metabolism –I
IV Mammalian Physiology –I
Practical II BPSZOOP1 02
(50M)
Paper III Modern Concepts in Zoology-I BPSZOO103 04

I Molecular Biology – I (100M)
II Animal Cell Biotechnology
III Genetics
IV Recombinant DNA Technology
Practical III BPSZOOP1 02
(50M)
Paper IV Techniques and Methodologies in Zoology-I BPSZOO104 04

I Instrumentation-I (100M)
II Histopathological and Biochemical Techniques
III Introduction to Nano-Biotechnology
IV Ecotoxicology
Practical IV BPSZOOP1 02
(50M)
M.Sc. –I Zoology
Syllabus
Semester –II
Number
Paper I Essentials of Zoology-II BPSZOO201 04
I Comparative Anatomy- II (100M)
II Developmental Biology –II
III Fundamentals of Histology and Endocrinology
IV Fundamentals of Cell Biology
(50M)
Paper II Biochemistry and Physiology-II BPSZOO202 04

I Enzymology (100M)
II Chemical Messengers and Cell Signaling
III Metabolism –II
IV Mammalian Physiology –II
(50M)
Paper III Modern Concepts in Zoology-II BPSZOO203 04

I Molecular Biology – II (100M)
II Genome Projects
III Genetic Counseling
IV Bioinformatics
(50M)
Paper IV Techniques and Methodologies in Zoology-II BPSZOO204 04

I Instrumentation-II (100M)
II Intellectual Property Rights and Patents
III Biostatistics
IV Research Methodology
(50M)
SEMESTER-I
Syllabus w.e.f. Academic Year, 2021-22 (CBCS)
M.Sc. Zoology, Semester- I
Title:Essentials of Zoology-I
COURSE CODE: BPSZOO101 Credit: 4(100M)
Course Outcome:
1. Students will be acquiring the knowledge on comparative anatomy and will be able to
understand the development and evolution of various systems across the vertebrate classes.
2. In developmental biology students will understand the intricacies of developmental
process. They will be able interpret the fate map and the morphogenetic movements etc.
3. Students will understand the principle of classification and systematic. They will be able to
identify the animals based on their characters and also to construct the cladogram.
4. Students will learn to maintain and culture the small animals in the laboratory.
Unit Total
Title of the unit Lectures
(60)
I COMPARATIVE ANATOMY of Vertebrates- I 15L
1.1 Integumentary system of vertebrates: fishes, amphibians, reptiles, birds
and mammals
1.1.1 Structure of amphibian skin
1.1.2 Structure of mammalian skin
1.1.3 Derivatives of integuments: Scales, feathers, hair, beak, claws, nails,
hoofs, horns, antlers and glands associated with skin.
1.2 Digestive system of vertebrates: fishes, amphibians, reptiles, birds and
mammals
1.2.1 Digestive tube and its evolution
1.2.2 Primary divisions of the tube
1.2.3 Tooth structure and position, teeth in lower vertebrates, mammalian
dentition
1.2.4 Study of digestive system in aves (Pigeon)
1.2.5 Study of digestive system in mammals (Rat/Rabbit/Cattle/Man)
1.3 Circulatory system of vertebrates: fishes, amphibians, reptiles, birds and
mammals
1.3.1 Evolution of heart
1.3.2 Types of heart
1.3.3 Aortic arches
1.3.4 Venous, portal (Hepatic portal and renal portal systems, e.g. Frog) and
Lymphatic systems in vertebrates.
1.3.5 Open and closed circulation.
Single and double circulation
II DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY –I 15L

2.1 Basic concepts in developmental biology:
2.1.1 Cell fate, cell lineage and commitment
2.1.2 Mosaic and regulatory development
2.1.3 Pattern formation and compartments
2.1.4 Morphogenesis and cell adhesion: Differential cell affinity, cadherins and
catenins, sorting out of embryonic tissue and cell recognition, cell
differentiation and totipotency, stem cell.
2.2 Factors affecting cellular differentiation:
2.2.1 Nucleo-cytoplasmic interaction
2.2.2 Mechanism of gene action during cell differentiation
2.2.3 Maintenance of differentiation
2.3 Cell Specialization: RBC, secretory cells, retinal rod cells
2.4 Organizer and its role in embryonic development
2.5 Primary embryonic induction
2.6 Developmental gradients: Developmental gradients in hydra, Maternal
effect genes and axial gradients in drosophila development.
III SYSTEMATICS, TAXONOMY AND PHYLOGENY 15L

3.1 Systematics: Definition and types (Numerical systematics, Biochemical
Systematics and experimental systematics).
3.2 Taxonomy: Definition and taxonomic characters (morphological,
physiological, molecular, behavioral, ecological and geographical
characters).
3.3 Basis of Classification (Five fundamental basis), six kingdom
classification, rules of binomial nomenclature.
3.4 Phylogeny: Definition, significance in evolutionary studies, Cladistics,
molecular phylogeny
IV LABORATORY CULTURE OF SMALL ORGANISMS 15L

4.1 Use of live animals in laboratory- Ethical issues.
Need of small culturing small organisms in laboratory.
4.2 Bacterial culture- E. coli culture, Types of Culture Media required,
doubling time, use of E. coli in experiments.
4.3 Paramecium Culture:Collection and isolation of paramecium from the
sample water, Establishing the pure culture of paramecium.
4.3 Hydra culture:
Hydra Biology: Ecology and behavior
Types of Culture media and other laboratory conditions, doubling time,
use of hydra in experiments,
4.4 Vermiculture: Earthworm biology: Ecology, behavior and types of
earthworms used in culture, Methods of culture, Use of earthworm in
experiments, commercial use
4.5 Drosophila Culture: Drosophila Biology: Ecology, behavior, species
Methods of culture, use in experiments.
4.6 Daphnia Culture: Daphnia Biology: Ecology, behavior, species
Methods of culture, use in experiments, commercial use
References:
1. Chordate Zoology by Jordan and Verma
2. Chordate Zoology by Kotpal
3. Chordate Zoology by Dhami and Dhami.
4. Systematics and Origin of species by Ernst Mayer
5. Introduction to Bioinformatics by Arther M. Lesk
6. Phylogenetic Systematics by Willi Henning
7. Essential developmental biology by J.M. W. Slack
8. Developmental Biology : Introduction by Scott F. Gilbert
9. Invertebrate Zoology by Jordan and Verma
10. Biology of Protozoans by D.R. Khanna.
11. Hydra Research methods by Howard M. Lenhoff
12. Drosophila: A laboratory Handbook: Michael Ashbumer, Kent Golic and R. Scott Hawley.
13. Vermiculture Technology: Earthworms, Organic Wastes and Environmental management
by Clive A. Edwards, Norrman Q Arancon and Rhonda Sherman.
14. Laboratory methods in Microbiology by W.F. Harrigan and Margaret E. McCance
15. Manual for the Culture of Selected Freshwater Invertebrates by Lawrence, S.G.
M.Sc.-1, Semester -1 BPSZOOP1 , Paper I Practical-I Credit-2 (50M)

Sr. No. Title of the experiment
1. Study of types of fish scales (Mounting): Placoid, Ctenoid and cycloid scales
2. Study of types of feathers and their arrangement as per their position (Diagrams/ Students
should collect the fathers) and other integumentary derivatives: beak, claws, nails, hoofs,
horns, antlers, glands associated with skin and T.S. of skin of frog and mammals (Rat or
human)
3. Study of T.S. of tooth, ruminant stomach of cattle, gizzard in birds.
4. Study of types of heart and Study of L.S. of avian heart (Chicken heart)
5. Study of aortic arches and portal systems
5. Study of morphogenetic movements in chick embryo
6. Mounting of 72 hrs. Of chick embryo for study of development of eye vesicle.
7. Retrieval of data for the given protein and construction of cladogram
8. Study of given cladogram and finding the phylogenetic relation between the organisms
9. Study of binomial nomenclature
10. Study of growth curve in E.coliI.
11. Study of cyclosis, irritability and chemotaxis in paramecium.
12. Study of Morphological characters of drosophila.
13. Study of different species of earthworms used in vermiculture and study of cocoon.
Suggestions for 40 marks internals:
1. Observe ten birds around your residential area and make a report on their food and feeding habits and adaptations to the
surrounding based on the types of their feathers, beaks and claws and submit the report.
2. Make permanent slides of chick embryo for 24, 48, 72 and 96 hrs. and make a report on their special developmental
features.
3. Construct the cladogram for given animals (any four) based on the specific protein sequences provided.
4. Establish and maintain the culture of Paramecium/Earthworm/E. coli/Drosophila/Daphnia. Write the methodology and
make the presentation.
5. Presentations on any topic from comparative anatomy-1, six kingdom classification, binomial nomenclature etc.
Department of Zoology
MSc. Semester-I
Skeleton Question paper Practical-I (BPSZOOP1)
Duration: 5 hrs Marks: 50
Q.1 Make a permanent mounting of the chick embryo and comment on its 12
developmental status
OR
Q.1 Retrieve the data of the given protein and trace the phylogeny of the given 12
animals using appropriate tool for drawing the cladogram
OR
Q.1 Identify (Giving reasons) and arrange the given specimens of heart as per their 12
evolutionary sequence. Take the L.S. of the specimen given and draw its neat
and labeled diagram.
Q.2 Identify the type of feathers provided and arrange them in the order of their 06
position and write their functions
OR
Q.2 Mount the scales from the given specimen/material identify their type and 06
draw the diagrams
OR
Q.2 Demonstrate morphogenetic movement in the given chick embryo 06
Q.3 Demonstrate cyclosis/ Irritability/Chemotaxis in paramecium 06

OR
Q.3 Mount the given organism (daphnia) and locate its heart 06
OR
Q.3 Identify the morphological variants of drosophila and describe their 06
phenotypic characters
OR
Q.3 Study the given cladogram and answer the questions asked. 06
Q.4 Identify and describe the given specimens/material/Picture etc. (any 8): beak, 16
claws, nails, hoofs, horns, antlers, glands associated with skin and T.S. of skin
of frog and mammals (Rat or human), T.S. of tooth, ruminant stomach of
cattle, gizzard in birds, aortic arches and portal systems, cocoon
Q.5 Viva-voce and Journal 10

Title:Biochemistry and Physiology-I
COURSE CODE: BPSZOO102 Credit: 4 (100M)
Course Outcome:
1. Students will understand the principles of biochemistry, methods of buffer preparation,
importance of physiological buffers and their role in maintaining homeostasis.
2. Students will understand the importance of electron transport system and oxidative
phosphorylation and its importance in the production of high energy compounds
3. Students will understand carbohydrate metabolism in detail and its regulation
4. Students will learn about the structure and physiology of digestive system and excretory
systems.
Unit Total
(60)
I BIOCHEMISTRY 15L
1.1 Water: the basic molecule of Life
1.1.2 Ionization of water, weak acids and weak bases
1.2 Henderson-Hasselbalch equation
1.3 Dissociation constant of weak acids and weak bases
1.4 Titration curve and pKa of weak acids
1.5 Biological buffers- maintenance of blood pH
1.5.1 Blood buffers-1. Bicarbonate buffer, 2. Phosphate buffer, 3. Protein buffer
1.6 Water balance
1.6.1 Water - turn over and balance
1.7 Electrolyte balance
1.7.1 Osmolarity and osmolality of body fluids, regulation of electrolyte balance
1.8 Acid-base balance
1.8.1 Disorders of acid-base balance
II BIOENERGETICS 15L
2.1 High energy compounds: ATP, ADP, ATP‐ADP cycle, ATP‐AMP ratio
2.2 Biological oxidation: Electron transport chain and mitochondria
2.3 Oxidative phosphorylation - Mechanism, uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation
and its significance.
2.4 Bioenergetics, coupled reaction, group transfer, biological energy transducers
2.5 Free radicals, antioxidants and antioxidant system
III METABOLISM–I 15L

3.1 Metabolism: Concept, Definitions, Catabolism, Anabolism.
3.2 Integration of Metabolism
3.2.1 Energy demand and supply; Integration of major metabolic pathways of energy
metabolism
3.2.2 Overview of
intermediary metabolism; organ specialization and metabolic integration,
metabolism in starvation
3.3 Carbohydrate Metabolism
3.3.1 Glycolysis: Reaction sequence, flow of carbon, conversion of pyruvate to lactate
AndAcetyl coenzyme-A, significance of pyruvate- lactate interconversion
3.3.2 Aerobic and anaerobic glycolysis and energetics of glycolysis; Regulation of
glycolysis
3.3.3 Gluconeogenesis: Reaction sequence from pyruvate, gluconeogenesis from amino
acids, glycerol, propionate, lactate. Regulation of gluconeogenesis.
3.3.4 Glycogen metabolism: Glycogenesis, Glycogenolysis. Regulation of two pathways
3.3.5 Significance of following pathway; Hexose monophosphate shunt as a multifunctio
nal pathway;Uronic Acid Pathway; Glyoxalate cycle.
3.4 Regulation of metabolism
3.4.1 Regulation of metabolic flux by genetic mechanisms
Control of enzyme synthesis, regulatory proteins-Helix turn Helix, Zinc Fingers,
Leucine Zippers
3.4.2 Regulation of metabolism by extracellular signals: nutrient supply, nutrient
transport,Endocrine control, neural control.
IV MAMMALIAN PHYSIOLOGY–I 15L

4.1 Digestive system
4.1.1 Gastrointestinal tract and accessory digestive organs
4.1.2 Phases of digestion; deglutition
4.1.3 Digestion in mouth, stomach, small intestine and large intestine
4.1.4 Absorption in small intestine and large intestine; regulation of digestive functions
4.2 Excretory system
4.2.1 Kidneys and Nephron
4.2.2 Urine formation- Glomerular filtration, tubular reabsorption and tubular secretion
4.2.3 Hormonal regulation of Urine formation
4.2.4 Urine concentration- countercurrent multiplication and countercurrent exchange
4.2.5 Micturition, regulation of blood pressure, blood volume and acid base balance
4.3 Reproductive system
4.3.1 Male Reproductive organs
4.3.2 Female Reproductive organs
4.3.3 Spermatogenesis and oogenesis
4.3.4 Hormonal control of reproduction
4.3.5 Menstrual cycle and its regulation
REFERENCES
1. Lehninger’s Principles of Biochemistry: David Lee Nelson, A.L. Lehninger, Michael M Cox;
W.H. Freeman, New York; 2008
2. Biochemistry: Fifth Edition; J. M. Berg, J. L. Tymoczko and LubertStryer ;W.H. Freeman, New
York; 2002
3. Biochemistry: Fourth Edition; U. Satyanarayana& U. Chakrapani; Elsevier; 2013
4. Concepts in Biochemistry; Third Edition; Rodney Boyer; John Wiley & Sons, Inc.; 2006
5. Biochemistry: Fifth Edition; Reginald H. Garrett & Charles M. Grisham; Brooks/ Cole (Cengage
Learning); 2013
6. Principles of Anatomy and Physiology, Gerard J. Tortora, Bergen Community College , Bryan
Derrickson Valencia Community College, John Wiley & Sons, Inc, Twelfth Edition
7. TextBook of Medical Physiology, Arthur C. Guyton and John E. Hall , Elsevier Saunders,
Eleventh Edition
8. C. C. Chatterjee’s Human Physiology 12ed Vol 1& 2 (Pb 2018), Chatterjee C.C.,CBS; 12 edition
(2018)
9. Comparative Animal Physiology: Knut Schmidt Nielson; Cambridge Press
10. Comparative Animal Physiology: Prosser and Brown
11. Comparative Animal Physiology: William S Hoar
12. Text book of Comparative Physiology: R Nagabhushanam, MsKodarkar, Sarojini R, India Book
House Pvt. Ltd.
13. Animal Physiology: N. Arumugam, A. Mariakuttikan; Saras Publication
MSc. PART-I SEMESTER-I

PRACTICAL-IICredit-2 (50M)
BPSZOOP1
1. Preparation of buffers of different pH using Henderson‐Hasselbalch equation and its
verification using pH meter
2. Titration curve of strong acid v/s strong base
3. Determination of pKa of weak acid
4. Qualitative tests for carbohydrates and identification of the nature of carbohydrates in
the given sample:
a. Molisch’s test
b. Anthrone test
c. Iodine test
d. Barfoed’s test
e. Seliwanoff’s test
f. Fehling’s test
g. Benedict’s test
h. Picric acid test
i. Mucic acid test
j. Bial’s test.
5. Determination of glucose by Benedict’s method (volumetric method)
6. Determination of reducing sugars by 3,5‐dinitrosalicylic acid (colorimetric) method
7. Determination of glycogen in the given tissue (liver/ skeletal muscle/ kidney/ brain)
8. Acid and enzyme hydrolysis of glycogen and colorimetric estimation of the products
by 3,5‐DNSA method
9. Isolation of starch from potato
10. Determination of creatinine in serum and urine
1. Project based on various natural antioxidants and effect
2. Presentations based on all 4 units
M.Sc. Part-I Semester-I
Skeleton Question paper Practical-II (BPSZOOP1)
Duration: 5hrs Marks: 50

Q. 1 Determination of glycogen in the given tissue (liver/ skeletal muscle/ kidney/ 12
brain)
OR
Q.1 Acid and enzyme hydrolysis of glycogen and colorimetric estimation of the 12
products by 3,5‐DNSA method
Q.2 Qualitative tests for carbohydrates and identification of the nature of 10

carbohydrates in the given sample:
OR
Q.2 Isolation of starch from potato 10
Q.3 Determination of reducing sugars by 3,5‐dinitrosalicylic acid (colorimetric) 10

method
OR
Q.3 Determination of glucose by Benedict’s method (volumetric method) 10
OR
Q.3 Determination of pKa of weak acid 10
Q.4 Preparation of buffers of different pH using Henderson‐Hasselbalch equation 08

and its verification using pH meter
OR
Q.4 Titration curve of strong acid v/s strong base 08
OR
Q.4 Determination of creatinine in serum and urine 08
Q. 5 Viva-voce and Journal 10

Title:Modern Concepts in Zoology-I
Course Outcome:
1. Students will understand the central dogma, protein synthesis and gene regulation in
prokaryotes. They will also acquire the knowledge of gene mutation.
2. The students will understand the methods of animal cell culture and its requirement. They
will learn to maintain the aseptic conditions in the laboratory.
3. Students will learn the genetics of popular laboratory models. They will also learn the
techniques of karyotyping and banding techniques. Students will understand the genome
organization of virus and bacteria.
4. Students will learn details about the gene cloning methods.
Unit Total
(60)
I MOLECULAR BIOLOGY –I 15L
1.1 Molecular Biology-I
1.1.2 Transcription in Prokaryotes
1.1.3 Enzymatic synthesis of RNA
1.1.4 Classes of RNA molecules
1.2 Translation in Prokaryotes
1.2.1 Outline of Translation, Genetic code, Codons,
The decoding system- tRNA and Aminoacyl Synthetases
The cloverleaf structure of tRNA
The codon- anti-codon interactions
1.2.2 Chemical composition and physical structure of Prokaryotic Ribosomes
1.2.3 Protein synthesis- initiation, chain elongation and chain termination.
Post translational modification of protein, polysomes, couples transcription
and translation in prokaryotes.
1.3 Gene regulation in Prokaryotes
1.3.1 General aspects of gene regulation, general mechanisms of metabolic
regulation in bacteria, types of regulation of transcription
1.3.2 Operon Models- Lac operon, tryptophan operon
1.4 DNA mutation : Types, Mutagens
II Animal Cell Biotechnology 15L

2.1 Aseptic Techniques: General sterilization of glass ware and working place
Aseptic transfer of Media
2.2 Animal Cell culture
2.2.1 Introduction
2.2.2 Isolation of cells for cell culture- Trypsinization
2.2.3 Types of Culture: Primary, secondary , anchorage dependent and
independent cell lines and established cell lines
2.2.4 Cell culturing and dilution techniques: Spreading, viable count
2.2.5 Examples of established cell lines and mammalian cell lines
2.3 Culture Media: Natural, chemical, complex
2.3.1 Commonly used culture media
2.4 Hybridoma technology
2.5 Application of cell lines
III GENETICS 15L

3.1 Model systems in Genetic Analysis: Life cycle and advantages of
Bacteriophage, E. coli, yeast, Drosophila, C. elegans and Zebra fish
3.2 Cytoplasmic inheritance – Basis and mechanism, role of organellar genes.
3.3 Chromatin structure: Histones, DNA, nucleosome morphology and higher
level organization
3.4 Techniques in the study of chromosomes and their applications:
3.4.1 Short term (lymphocyte) and long term (fibroblast) cultures
3.4.2 Chromosome preparations
3.4.3 Karyotyping
3.4.4 Chromosome Banding
3.5 Genome organization in viruses, prokaryotes and eukaryotes:
3.5.5 Transposons.
IV Recombinant DNA Technology 15L

4.1 Enzymes involved in DNA recombination Techniques
Restriction enzymes with examples
Ligases - E. coli DNA ligase and T4 DNA ligase
Polynucleotide kinase, Phosphatases, DNA polymerases,
Reverse Transcriptase, Terminal Transferase.
4.1.2 Vectors:
General properties, advantages and disadvantages of cloning vectors.
plasmid vectors (pBR322), phage vectors (λ Phage), cosmid vectors, Yeast
Artificial chromosomes, Retrovirus,, SV 40 vectors
4.1.3 Special purpose vectors: Expression vectors, Secretion vectors, Bi-
functional vectors ( Shuttle vectors)
4.1.4 Host cells for cloning:
Prokaryotic hosts- Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis
Eukaryotic hosts - Saccharomyces cerevisiae
4.2.1 Cloning techniques:
Cloning after restriction digestion - blunt and cohesive end ligation
Creation of restriction sites using linkers and adapters,
Cloning after homopolymer tailing,
4.2.2 Methods of gene transfer:
Transformation, Transduction, By using chemicals (Calcium phosphate),
Electroporation, Liposome -mediated gene transfer, microinjection.
4.2.3 Selection of recombinants:
Insertional inactivation, Replica Plating
PRACTICAL-IIICredit-2 (50M)
BPSZOOP1
1. Isolation of Genomic DNA / E.coli DNA and its quantitative estimation
2. Setting Agarose gel for electrophoresis.
3. Isolation of Plasmid DNA / Genomic DNA of E.coli from the given strain of
bacteria (KIT Method) and show the purity of the isolate by Agarose Gel
electrophoresis ( Southern blotting Demonstration)
4. Culturing of Lymphocyte and Fibroblast
5. Aseptic transfer of media and wrapping techniques.
6. Preparation of LB agar plate, slant and butt
7. Determination of viable cell count in the culture of bacteria by dilution and
spreading method
8. Isolation of cells by Trypsinization
9. Problems based on:
a. Transcription
b. Translation
c. Restriction Digestion
10. Growth curves –E. coli
11. Identification based on genetics: life cycles of bacteriophage/ E. coli/ C. elegans /
drosophila/ zebra fish. Chromosome banding- And G banding
12. Identifying the genetic syndrome from the given Karyotype
13. Estimation of number of bacteria in the given culture- nephalometry
14. Replica plating technique
Presentations based on all 4 unit
M.Sc. Semester-I
Skeleton Question paper Practical-III (BPSZOOP1)
Duration: 5.00 hrs Marks: 50
Q.1 Isolate and quantify the genomic DNA / E.coli DNA from the given sample 14
OR
Q.1 Determine the purity of the given plasmid DNA / Genomic DNA of E.coli by
AGE and demonstrate the technique of southern blotting
OR
Q.1 Determine the number of viable cell in the given culture of bacteria by
dilution and spreading method
OR
Q.1 Estimate the number of bacteria in the given culture bynephalometry
Q.2 Demonstrate the aseptic transfer of media and wrapping technique. 10

OR
Q. 2 Separate the fibroblast cells from the given tissue by trypsinization
Q.3 Identification: (Any 04) 08

Life cycles of bacteriophage/ E. coli/ C. elegans / drosophila/ zebra fish /
Chromosome banding and G banding / genetic syndrome from the given
Karyotype
Q. 4 Solve the given Problems A and B (Transcription / Translation / Restriction 08

Digestion)

Title:Techniques and Methodologies in Zoology-I
Course Outcome:
1. Students will understand the principles of microscopy and spectroscopy. They will also
lean to use these instruments in their practical.
2. Students will learn the techniques and acquire the practical skills of histochemoical
preparation and localization of cell organelle and biomolecules.
3. Students will understand the concept in nanotechnology and learn to prepare the
bionanomaterial and their applications.
4. Students will become aware of the effects of anthropological interference with environment
and their mitigation.
Unit Total
(60)
I INSTRUMENTATION-I 15L
1.1 Microscopy: Principle and applications of Microscopy
1.1.1 Light microscopy
1.1.2 Phase contrast microscopy
1.1.3 Fluorescence microscopy
1.1.4 Polarization microscopy
1.1.5 Confocal scanning microscopy
1.1.6 Transmission electron microscopy
1.1.7 Scanning electron microscopy
1.2 Spectroscopy: Principle and applications of Spectroscopy
1.2.1 Ultraviolet and visible absorption spectroscopy
1.2.2 Fluorescence spectroscopy
1.2.3 Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy
1.2.4 IR and FTIR
1.2.5 Mass spectroscopy
1.2.6 Atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) and Atomic emission
spectroscopy (AES)
II HISTOPATHOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL TECHNIQUES 15L

2.1 Microtomy: Tissue fixation, dehydration, clearing, infiltration, embedding
for paraffin method, sectioning, mounting, staining‐ differential and
specific.
2.2 Principles and methods of histochemical localization and identification of
the following: Carbohydrate moieties, Glycogen and glycoproteins with
oxidizable vicinal diols by periodic acid Schiff method
2.3 Protein end groups General protein localization by bromophenol blue
method. NH2 groups by ninhydrin-Schiff method SS- groups by performic
acid –Schiff
2.4 Lipids moieties General lipids by Sudan black B method
Neutral lipids by Sudan III and Sudan IV methods. Differentiation of
neutral lipids from acidic lipids by Nile blue sulphate method
2.5 Nucleic acids: Methyl green pyronin-Y for DNA and RNA
Feulgen reaction for DNA
III INTRODUCTION TO NANO-BIOTECHNOLOGY 15L

3.1 Nanobiotechnology: Introduction, history, and Nano scale dimensions
3.1.1 Nanostructures: Types and composition
Carbon Based- Carbon nano-tubes, graphene, fullerene
Metal based, Protein based- and green nanoparticles
3.1.2 Preparation and characterization of bionanomaterials
Grindig/ high energy ball milling
3.1.3 Microfluidics in nanosciences
Nanopainting of DNA, RNA ,Protein , Biochips
3.1.4 Medical Applications of nano biotechnology
Drug delivery, bioimaging, anti- microbial properties
3.1.5 Bio-nano composites: Nanoparticles and microorganisms, Microbial
synthesis of nano- material, Biological Methods for Synthesis of nano-
emulsions using bacteria, Fungi and Actinomycetes
3.2 Characterization techniques: X-ray diffraction technique,Scanning Electron
Microscopy, Transmission Electron Microscopy including high-resolution
imaging,Surface Analysis techniques-AFM, SPM, STM, SNOM, ESCA,
SIMS, Nano-indentation, Small-angle X-ray and neutron scattering, DLS
Ellipsometer, Confocal microscopy
IV ECOTOXICOLOGY 15L
4.1 Definition and scope
4.2 Common Ecotoxicants -Natural and Artificial: (Source, chemical nature and
their effects)
4.2.1 Molds and Mycotoxins
4.2.2 Pesticides. (Organophosphates and organochlorides)
4.2.3 Heavy metals (Lead, Mercury, cadmium, Arsenic)
4.2.4 Chemicals used in personal hygiene, fragrance chemicals and domestic
detergents
4.2.5 Plasticizers (Phthalates)
4.2.6 Asbestos
4.2.7 Radioactive elements.
4.3 Major ecotoxicity related phenomena the chemicals involved:
4.3.1 Global Warming
4.3.2 Green House effect
4.3.3 Bioaccumulation and biomagnifiction
4.3.4 Acid Rain
4.4 Major international accidents having ecotoxicological effects
4.4.1 Chernobyl Incidance of Russia
4.4.2 Minamata incidence of Japan
4.4.3 Bhopal gas tragedy of India
4.4.4 Red tide incidence of Florida
4.5 Ecotoxicity testing and its prevention
4.5.1 Acute and chronic toxicity studies, LD50, LC50 and EC50 studies
4.5.2 OECD guidelines
4.5.3 Endocrine disruptor screening program.
4.5.4 Endangered species assessment
4.5.5 Ecotoxicity preventive majors
REFERENCES
1. ModernExperimentalBiochemistry: 3rdEd.RodneyBoyer,PearsonEducation.
2. PrinciplesandTechniquesofPracticalBiochemistry.WilsonandWalker,CambridgeUniv.Press.
3. BiologicalScience;3rdEd.D.J.Taylor,N.P.O.Green,G.W.Stou,CambridgeUniv.Press
4. CellandMolecularBiologyConceptsandExperiments,GeraldKarp.JohnWiley&Co.
5. Analytical Biochemistry, 3 edition, (1998), David Holmes, H.Peck, Prentice Hall, UK.
6. Bancroft & Stevens: Theory and Practice of Histological techniques (2002, Churchill-
Livingstone)
7. Casselman: Histochemical techniques (1959, John Wiley)
8. Pearse: Histo-chemistry: Theoretical and Applied (Vol. I, II & III) (4th ed 1980-1993,
Churchill- Living stones)
9. Biological Science; 3rd Ed. D. J. Taylor, N.P.O. Green, G.W. Stou, Cambridge Univ. Press
10. Introductory Practical Biochemistry; S. K. Swahney, Randhir Singh. Narosa Publ.
11. An Introduction to Practical Biochemistry; 3rd Ed. David Plummer. Tata McGrawHill
12. Casarett and Doulls Toxicology – The basic science of poisons; Edited by Curtis Klaassen;
McGraw-Hill; 2001
13. A Textbook of Modern Toxicology, Ernest Hodgson, Patricia E. Levi, McGraw-Hill
International Edition, Second edition ,2000
14. Toxicological testing handbook – Principles, applications and data interpretation; David
Jacobson-Kram and Kit Keller; CRC Press; 2006
15. Principles and Methods of toxicology; A. Wallace Hayes; CRC Press; 2007
16. Toxicology – Principles and Methods; M.A. Subramanian; MJP Publishers, Chennai; 2004
17. Fundamentals of Toxicology; Kamleshwar Pandey and J.P. Shukla; New Central book
agency Ltd., Kolkata; 2011
18. Elements of Toxicology; Kamleshwar Pandey and J.P. Shukla; Wisdom Press, New Delhi;
2010
19. Principles and Applications of Toxicology; Lahir Y.K.; Seekay Publications; 2013
PRACTICAL IVCredit-2 (50M)
Course Code: BPSZOOP1
Sr.No.. Practicals based on BPSZOO104

1. Study of Microtomy:
a. Tissue preservation and fixation
b. Dehydration, infiltration, paraffin embedding
c. Block preparation and section cutting
d. Staining of sections/ribbon
2. Histochemical staining of the given specimens:
a. For carbohydrates using Periodic acid/Schiff’s method for neutral glycoproteins
b. For acidic glycoprotein using Alcian blue pH 2.5 method
c. For lipids using Sudan black B method / Sudan III method / Sudan IV method
d. For protein localization by bromophenol blue method
e. For Nucleic acids by Methyl green pyronin- Y for DNA and RNA
f. For DNA by Feulgen reaction
3. Verification of Beer Lamberts law and calculation of molar extinction coefficient of
a coloured chemical compound of known molecular weight
4. Use of UV spectrophotometry to determine the concentration of protein
5. Extraction of Heavy metals from fish tissue and Analysis of heavy metal using
AAS and UV spectrophotometer
6. Demonstration of IR and FTIR
7. Principle and working of compound microscopy with the help of permanent slides
8. Synthesis of nano particles by sonochemical method (TiO2/ ZnO / CdS)
9. Determination of surface area of nanoparticles by Methylene blue technique
10. Synthesis of nanoparticles by nsawball milling from biomaterial
11. Biogenesis of nano-particles by bacteria/ fungi–for development of Microbial Emulsion.
12. Identification and characterization of nanoparticles by XRD, SEM, TEM, TG-DTA
(only output analysis)
13. Effects of heavy metal on heart beats of Daphnia.
14. Effects of heavy metal /pesticides on daphnia /Zebra fish – LC 50 studies
15. Effects of heavy metal/ Pesticides on structure function relation of gills, fish liver,
fish kidney, fish muscles etc. (Using permanent slides – comparative studies of Normal and
treated samples)
16. Study of water quality from aneutrophicated pond or river (BOD, COD, Acidity, Alkalinity,
organic content, Nitrate-Nitrogen and Nitrite-Nitrogen contents).
Internal 40 Marks:
1. Writing a research proposal for the given topic
2. Writing a Research paper by using given data
M.Sc. Semester-I
Skeleton Question paper Practical-IV (BPSZOOP1)
Q.1 Extraction of Heavy metals from fish tissue and Analysis of heavy metal using 12
OR
Q.1 Verification of Beer lamberts law and calculation of molar extinction
coefficient of a coloured chemical compound of known molecular weight
OR
Q.1 Demonstrate the effect of given heavy metal /pesticides on daphnia /Zebra
fish – LC 50 studies
Q.2 Demonstrate synthesis of nano particles by sonochemical method (TiO2/ ZnO/ 10

CdS)
OR
Q.2 Determination of surface area of nanoparticles by Methylene blue technique
OR
Q.2 Demonstrate synthesis of nanoparticles by nsawball milling from biomaterial
OR
Q.2 Demonstrate biogenesis of nano-particles by bacteria/ fungi–for development
of Microbial Emulsion.
Q.3 Process the given tissue fora/b/cand submit report to the examiner 08
a. Embedding and block preparation
b. Trimming and preparation of ribbon
c. Staining the given slide
OR
Q.3 Histochemical staining of the given paraffin sections for (Any two)
a) acidic glycoprotein using Alcian blue pH 2.5 method
b) protein localization by bromophenol blue method
c) DNA by Feulgen reaction
d) Nucleic acids by Methyl green pyronin- Y for DNA and RNA
OR
Q.3 Demonstrate thermal Denaturation of DNA and Protein
OR
Q.3 Demonstrate the effect of heavy metal on heart beats of Daphnia.
Q.4 Estimate BOD / COD / Acidity / Alkalinity / Organic content / Nitrate-Nitrogen 10

/ Nitrite-Nitrogen contents of given eutrophicated pond or river water
Q.5 Journal and viva-voce 10

SEMESTER-II
M.Sc. –I Zoology
Syllabus
Semester –II
Number
I Comparative Anatomyof Vertebrates- II (100M)
(50M)

I Enzymology (100M)
(50M)

II Genome Projects
IV Bioinformatics
(50M)

III Biostatistics
(50M)
M.Sc. Zoology, Semester- II
Title: Essentials of Zoology-II
Course Outcome:
processes, programme cell death, mechanism of aging, metamorphosis and its hormonal
control.
3. Students will learn the structure and function of major apocrine, exocrine and endocrine
glands.
4. Students will understand the fundamentals of cell biology and structure-function of cell
organelle.
Unit Total
(60)
I COMPARATIVE ANATOMY of Vertebrates- II 15L
1.1 Respiratory system of vertebrates: fishes, amphibians, reptiles, birds and
mammals
1.1.1 Gills in cartilaginous and bony fish
1.1.2 Lungs of frog, birds and mammals
1.1.3 Mechanism of respiration in man
1.1.4 Accessory respiratory organs
1.1.5 Swim bladder
1.2 Nervous system of vertebrates: fishes, amphibians, reptiles, birds and
mammals
1.2.1 Central nervous system in vertebrates
1.2.2 Development of brain in vertebrates
1.2.3 Peripheral nervous system
1.3 Urogenital system of vertebrates: fishes, amphibians, reptiles, birds and
mammals
1.3.1 Types and development of kidneys
1.3.2 Structure of nephron
1.3.3 Urogenital ducts
1.3.4 Urinary bladder
II DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY –II 15L

2.1 Metamorphosis, regeneration and aging:
2.1.1 Metamorphosis: Retrogressive metamorphosis in ascidians and
amphibians, incomplete and complete metamorphosis in insects and their
hormonal control, metamorphosis in amphibians and its control.
2.1.2 Apoptosis : The programmed cell death
2.1.3 Aging: Senescence, life span and causes of aging
2.2 Developmental cycle and morphogenesis
2.2.1 Developmental cycle and morphogenesis
Dictyosteliumdiscoideum, life cycle, polarity, pattern formation and
morphogenesis, role of mitochondria in growth/ differentiation transition,
gene expression during cell growth.
2.2.2 Developmental cycle and morphogenesis of Drosophila melanogaster
2.2.3 Embryogenesis, gastrulation, larvae and metamorphosis
2.2.4 Maternal effect on genes and establishment of body plan, role of bicoid,
hunch back, nano and caudal genes.
2.2.5 Zygotic genes and establishment of anterior/ posterior body pattern
Parasegments- Gap genes, pair rule genes
Segmentation- segment polarity genes, homeotic and selector genes.
III FUNDAMENTALS OF HISTOLOGY AND ENDOCRINOLOGY 15L

3.1 Types of glands: Apocrine, Exocrine and endocrine (Definition and
functions)
3.2 Histology of digestive organs and associated digestive glands: Stomach,
Small intestine, large intestine, Salivary gland, liver, pancreas
3.3 Endocrine glands of human body: Position , histology and functions
3.4 Feedback mechanism: Hypothalamus- Pituitary – Thyroid axis
3.5 Histology of human skin, kidney, lungs, spleen, thymus
3.6 Histology of male and female reproductive organs and accessary
reproductive organs (Testis, ovary, seminal vesicles, prostate gland,
epididymis, placenta, uterus, mammary glands)
IV FUNDAMENTALS OF CELL BIOLOGY 15L

4.1 Types of cells and their structures
4.2 Cell wall formation and its functions
4.3 Cell membrane: Sandwich model, fluid mosaic model, functions of cell
membrane
4.4 Types of cell organelles of eukaryotic cells and their functions.
4.5 Endomembrane system
4.6 Eukaryotic nucleus and nuclear organizers
4.7 Giant Chromosomes
References:
8. Cell biology by C.B. Pawar.
9. Essential Cell biology by Bruce Alberts, Karen Hopkin, Alexander D Johnson
10. Electron Microscopy: Principles and fundamentals by S Amelinckx, D Van Dyck, J Van
Landuyt.
11. Vertebrate Endocrinology by David O Norris.
M.Sc.-1, Semester –II BPSZOOP2, Paper 1 Practical-I Credit-2(50M)
1. Study of respiratory organs: T.S. of gills of cartilaginous and bony fishes
(Slides/diagrams/Photographs). T.S. Lungs of Birds, T.S. of lungs of mammals
(Rat/human), Study of air sacs of pigeon (Videos and photographs)
2. Study of Brain of shark, frog, lizard, pigeon and rat and T.S. of Spinal Cord of Frog and
Mammals (Rat/Human) Using preserved slides or photographs.
3. Study of types of kidneys (Photographs). T.S. of avian Kidney, T.S. of mammalian
kidney.
4. Study of life cycle of Dictyosteliumdiscoideum(Using diagrams/Photographs)
5. Study of retrogressive metamorphosis in ascidians and salamander
5. Study of metamorphosis in frog and insects
6. Study of viable and dead cells from fibroblast culture.
7. An observational assessment method for aging laboratory rats from the given data
8. Study of stages in embryogenesis in drosophila (with help of pictures or culture if
available)
9. Study of T.S. of Salivary gland, liver, pancreas, endocrine glands, Testis, ovary, placenta,
prostate gland, seminal vesicles, epididymis, uterus , placenta, mammary glands, kidney,
skin, spleen, thymus, small and large intestine, stomach, lungs etc.
10. Mounting of bacterial cells from the given culture / Curd
11. Mounting of leucocytes to study eukaryotic cells.
11. Mounting of plant cells from dead and live regions of the plant to study the differences in
the cell wall.
12. Study of membrane permeability using suitable cells.
13. Study of electron micrographs to observe cell organelles.
14. Study of polytene chromosome (Identify and describe)
1. Presentations on the topics of Comparative anatomy -II

2. Make the permanent slides of Liver tissue from various animals (Fish, chicken and Goat) and submit the
report.
3. Make the permanent slides of Gills of cartilaginous fishes and bony fishes and submit the report.
4. Make the permanent slides lungs of birds and mammals and submit the report.
5. Make the permanent slides of Kidneys from fish, birds and mammals and submit the report.
MSc. Semester-II
Q.1 Mount the cells from the two cultures provided, make viability cell count and 10
find which culture is older. Show the dead cells under high power of
compound microscope.
OR
Q.1 Demonstrate membrane permeability for the given tissue sample 10
OR
Q.1 Make an observational assessment for aging laboratory rats from the given 10
data and write its analysis and plot the histograms.
Q.2 Mount the bacterial cells from the given culture 08

OR
Q.2 Mount the eukaryotic cells from the given sample of blood and comment on 08
the structure of nuclear morphology observed.
Q.3 Make the temporary mounting of given tissue and focus the cell membrane 04
OR
Q.3 Identify the cells and describe the status of the cell organelles in the given 04
micrograph
OR
Q.3 Identify and describe the given giant chromosome 04
Q. 4 Identify and describe (any seven): T.S. of gills of cartilaginous and bony 14
fishes (Slides/diagrams/Photographs). T.S. Lungs of Birds, T.S. of lungs of
mammals (Rat/human), Study of air sacs of pigeon (Videos and photographs),
Brain of shark, frog, lizard, pigeon and rat and T.S. of Spinal Cord of Frog and
Mammals (Rat/Human) Using preserved slides or photographs, types of
kidneys (Photographs), T.S. of avian Kidney, T.S. of mammalian kidney, T.S.
of Salivary gland, liver, pancreas, mammalian endocrine glands
Q.5 Identify and describe (any two):Stages in the life cycle of 04

Dictyosteliumdiscoideum(Using diagrams/Photographs), retrogressive
metamorphosis in ascidians and salamander, metamorphosis in frog and
insects, stages in embryogenesis in drosophila (with help of pictures or culture
if available).
Q.5 Viva and Journal 10

Title:Biochemistry and Physiology-II
Course Outcome:
1. Students will learn the classification, mechanism of action and kinetics of enzymes.
2. Students will understand the types of chemical messengers and their role in signaling.
3. Students will understand lipid and protein metabolism and their regulation and they will also learn
about inborn errors of metabolism.
4. Students will learn about the structure and physiology of nervous system and reproductive systems.
Unit Total
(60)
I ENZYMOLOGY 15L
1.1 Definition, nomenclature and classification (based on Enzyme Commission) of
enzymes, non-protein enzyme-ribozyme
1.2 Cofactors and coenzymes
1.3 The concept and properties of active site
1.3.1 Mechanism of enzyme action
1.4 Concept of activation energy
1.5 Enzyme kinetics, concept of steady state, enzyme assay
1.5.1 Derivation of Michaelis-Menten equation and Lineweaver-Burk plot
1.5.2 Concept and significance of km, Vmax and kcat
1.6 Factors affecting enzyme activity – pH, temperature, enzyme concentration,
substrate concentration, inhibitors
1.7 Enzyme inhibitors – Reversible: Competitive, non-competitive, mixed inhibitors
and Irreversible inhibitors and their kinetics
1.8 Regulation of enzyme activity
1.8.1 Allosteric regulation
1.8.2 Activation of latent enzymes
1.8.2 Compartmentation of metabolic pathways
1.8.3 Control of enzyme synthesis
1.8.4 Enzyme degradation
1.9 Isozymes e.g. LDH
II CHEMICAL MESSSENGERS AND CELL SIGNALLING 15L

2.1 Chemical Messengers
2.1.1 Introduction, concept and classification
2.2 Neurotransmitters ad Neurosecretory substance
2.2.1 Acetyl catecholamine, Gama-amino butyric acid (GABA), Aspartic acid, Purine
ATP
2.3 Mode of working of transmitters and its regulation
2.4 Neurosecretory substances and a brief account of Neurosecretory system.
2.5 Cell Signaling
2.5.1 Hormones and their receptors, cell surface receptors
2.5.2 Second messenger hypothesis
2.5.3 G-protein coupled receptors, signal transduction pathway, regulation of signaling
pathway
2.5.4 Receptor tyrosine kinases.
2.6 Cellular communication
2.6.1 General principles of cell communication
2.6.2 Cell adhesion molecules, Integrin
III METABOLISM–II 15L

3.1 Lipid metabolism
3.1.1 Lipid digestion, absorption and transport
3.1.2 Biosynthesis of fatty acids and triacylglycerols
3.1.3 Fatty acid oxidation and regulation of fatty acid metabolism
3.1.4 Ketone bodies and their oxidation
3.1.5 Biosynthesis of phospholipids and cholesterol
3.2 Protein metabolism
3.2.1 Amino acid pool, amino acid biosynthesis
3.2.2 Transamination; oxidative and non-oxidativedeamination; metabolism of branched
chain amino acids; fate of carbonskeleton of amino acids.
3.2.3 Urea cycle
3.3 Inborn errors of metabolism
3.3.1 Carbohydrate metabolism: Glycogen storage disease, G‐6‐PD deficiency
3.3.2 Lipid metabolism: Metabolic disorders of cerebrosides
3.3.3 Protein metabolism: PKU, Albinism, Cysteinurea
3.3.4 Purine metabolism: Primary Gout
IV MAMMALIAN PHYSIOLOGY–II 15L

4.1 Nervous system
4.1.1 Gross neuroanatomy of brain and spinal cord
4.1.2 Neurons and electrical signals and transmission in synapses
4.1.3 Central and peripheral nervous system
4.1.4 Reflex and reflex arcs
4.1.5 Blood brain barrier and CSF
4.1.6 Sense organs- vision, hearing and tactile response
4.2 Respiratory system
4.2.1 Respiratory organs
4.2.2 Mechanics of pulmonary ventilation
4.2.3 Lung volume and capacity
4.2.4 Transport and exchange of gases
4.2.5 Control of respiration- respiratory center and its regulation
4.3 Cardiovascular system
4.3.1 Heart- anatomy, valves, circulation of blood and cardiac conduction.
4.3.2 ECG- principle and significance
4.3.3 Cardiac cycle, Cardiac output
4.3.4 Blood vessels ,blood pressure and control and hormonal regulation of blood
pressure
4.3.4 Lymphatic system
REFERENCES
York; 2002
Learning); 2013
Eleventh Edition
(2018)
House Pvt. Ltd.
MSc. PART-I SEMESTER-II

PRACTICAL-II V Credit-2(50M)
BPSZOOP2
1 Determination of acid value of fats/ oils
2 Determination of saponification value of fats/ oils
3 Determination of total cholesterol and HDL cholesterol from serum
4 Qualitative tests for amino acids and Proteins:
a. Ninhydrin test
b. Xanthoproteic test
c. Millon’s test
d. Biuret test
5 Colorimetric estimation of protein by Peterson‐Lowry method
6 Quantitative estimation of amino acids using ninhydrin reagent
7 Isolation of casein from milk and its confirmatory test
8 Detection of conformation of BSA by viscosity measurement and effect of varying
concentration of urea on viscosity of BSA
9 Determination of specific activity of enzyme succinate dehydrogenase (SDH)
10

1. Isolation and assay of some naturally occurring enzymes
M.Sc. Part-I Semester-II
Q. 1 Colorimetric estimation of protein by Peterson‐Lowry method 12

OR
Q.1 Quantitative estimation of amino acids using ninhydrin reagent 12
OR
Q.1 Determination of specific activity of enzyme succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) 12
Q.2 Detection of conformation of BSA by viscosity measurement and effect of 10

varying concentration of urea on viscosity of BSA
OR
Q.2 Determination of saponification value of fats/ oils 10
Q.3 Qualitative tests for amino acids and Proteins 08
Q.4 Determination of acid value of fats/ oils 10

OR
Q.4 Isolation of casein from milk and its confirmatory test 10
OR
Q.4 Determination of total cholesterol and HDL cholesterol from serum 10

Title:Modern Concepts inZoology-II
Course Outcome:
1. Students will understand the protein synthesis and gene regulation in eukaryotes. They will
also acquire the knowledge of DNA damage and its repair.
2. Students will understand the history and learn about the findings of human genome
sequencing and its application.
3. Students will learn the methods and importance of genetic counseling and also learn the
use of modern methods in pedigree analysis.
4. Students will come to know about the various data bases, methods of retrieving the data, its
analysis and interpretation. Students will learn to construct a phylogenetic tree.
Unit Total
(60)
I Molecular Biology –II 15L
1.1 Molecular Biology-II
1.1 Transcription in Eukaryotes
1.1.1 The transcription unit concept
1.1.2 Classes of RNA molecules, RNA polymerases and promoters
1.1.3 Hypersensitive sites, upstream activation sites, enhancers
1.1.4 Post transcriptional modifications- structure of 5’ - 3’ termini of eukaryotic
mRNA molecules, Caps and Tails Splicing
1.2 Translation in Eukaryotes
1.2.1 Differences between Protein synthesis in Eukaryotes and prokaryotes
1.3 Gene regulation in Eukaryotes
1.3.1 Important differences in the genetic organization of prokaryotes and
eukaryotes
1.3.2 Regulatory strategies of genes in Eukaryotes- at transcriptional and
translational level
1.4 DNA damage and repair.
II Genome Projects 15L

2.1 Human Genome Project:
2.1.1 Scopes and Goals of the project.
The features of human genome
2.2 Techniques used in human genome project
2.2.1 Genetic linkage maps, sequencing of DNA- chromosome walking
2.2.2 Restriction mapping
2.2.3 Physical Maps and sequence tagged sites
2.2.4 RFLPs and its uses
2.3 Mapping human diseases
2.4 Variations in human Genome- HapMap Project
2.5 The 1000 genome project: To focus genetic variation and diseases
2.6 ENCODE Project: To find out the functional elements
III Genetic Counseling 15L

3.1 Introduction and scope of genetic counseling
3.2 Genetic counseling – Processes
3.3 Genetic testing – Carrier testing , prenatal testing , preimplantation testing
3.4 Pedigree analysis – Symbols and preparation of Pedigree chart for
autosomal and sex linked dominant and recessive traits.
3.5 Role of RFLP in pedigree analysis
3.6 Problems in pedigree
IV Bioinformatics 15L
4.1 Introduction to bioinformatics:
4.1.1 Nature, scope and Branches of Bioinformatics
4.2 Biological Databases in Bioinformatics
4.2.1 Sequence databases and Structure databases
4.2.2 General overview of NCBI , Genbank , DDBJ , EMBL , UNI-PROT ,
PROSITE , RCSB - PDB , PIR – PSD
4.2.3 Literature data bases- OMIM , PubMed
4.2 Sequence alignment
4.2.1 Bioinformatics tools - BLAST and FASTA
4.2.2 Pairwise sequence alignment: Global and Local alignment
4.2.3 Multiple Sequence alignment (MSA): Eg: Clustal W , Clustal X
4.3 Sequence visualization and Structure Visualization tools
4.3.1 ORF Finder, Swiss PDB Viewer, Rasmol,Cn3D, Phymol.
4.4 Molecular Phylogenetics
4.4.1 Construction of phylogenetic trees: Distance Based Methods- Clustering
and Optimality based Methods
4.5 Applications of Bioinformatics
PRACTICAL-IIICredit-2(50M)
BPSZOOP2
1 Quantitative estimation of RNA by standard graph method
2 Construction of Pedigree chart and pedigree analysis of given charts
3 Identification:
a. Pedigree symbols
b. Prenatal test
4 Literature survey of diseases from OMIM and Pub Med
5 Retrieving Protein sequences from Uni-Prot
5 Retrieving DNA data from NCBI
6 Pairwise Sequence Analysis- BLAST
7 Multiple Sequence Analysis- Clustal W
8 Studying the 3D structure of protein using- Rasmol, Cn3D
9 Construction of cladogram
10 Report writing: Genome projects
Suggestions for 40 marks internals:To establish and maintain a Drosophila culture in the laboratory, To identify
various mutations in Drosophila and record of various crosses and submission of report
M.Sc. Semester-II
Q.1 Quantitative estimation of RNA by standard graph method 14

OR
Q.1 Construction of Pedigree chart of given data/ Analyze the given pedigree chart
and comment
OR
Q.1 Retrieve the sequence of the given proteins / genes and construct the
cladogram
Q.2 Retrieve the query sequence for the given protein or DNAand use BLAST for 08
sequence alignment.
OR
Q. 2 Construct the cladogram using Clustal W with the given sequences
Q.3 Find the 3D structure of protein using- Rasmol / Cn3D 04

OR
Q.3 Retrieve the information of given disease from OMIM / Pub Med
Q. 4 Identification: 06
a. Pedigree symbols
b. Prenatal test
Q.5 Submission of Report and viva based on Genome projects 08

References:
Molecular Biology and DNA Recombinant Technology
1. Introduction to Molecular Biology; Peter Paolella; Tata McGraw Hill; 2010.

2. Molecular Biology; David Freidfelder; Narosa Publishing House; 2008.
3. Molecular Biology - Academic Cell Update; Update Edition; David Clark; Elsevier, Inc.;
2010.
4. Molecular Biology - Bios Instant Notes; Fourth Edition; Alexander McLennan, Andy
Bates, Phil Turner & Mike White; Garland Science; 2013
5. Current Protocols in Molecular Biology; Frederick M. Ausubel, Roger Brent, Robert E.
Kingston, David D. Moore, Seidman J. G., John A. Smith and Kevin Struhl; John Wiley&
Son, Inc.; 2003.
6. Cell and Molecular Biology; Eighth Edition; E.D.P. De Robertis, E.M.F. De Robertis Jr.;
Info-Med Ltd.; 1988.
7. Biotechnology - U Satyanarayana
8. Molecular cloning; Joseph Sambrook, David William Russell; Third. Edition; CSHL
Press; 2001.
9. Gene Cloning - An Introduction; Brown .T.A; Fourth Edition; Wiley-Blackwell; 2011.
Recombinant DNA - Genes and Genomes- A short course; 3rd Edition; Watson, J.D.,
Myers, R.M., Caudy A., Witkowski, J.K.; Freeman and Co. NY; 2007.
10. Principles of Gene Manipulation & Genomics; Primrose SB and R. Twyman; Blackwell
Science Publications; 2006.
11. Genetic engineering - Principles and Practice; Sandhya Mitra; Macmillan India Ltd., New
Delhi.
12. Molecular Biotechnology - Principles and applications of recombinant DNA; Glick,
B.R.and Pasternak, J. J.; ASM press, Washington; 2010.
13. Biotechnology - Fundamentals and Applications; Third Enlarged Edition; S.S. Purohit;
Student Edition, Jodhpur; 2005.
14. Biotechnology - Expanding Horizons; B.D.Singh; Kalyani Publishers, Ludhiana.
15. A textbook of Biotechnology; R.C.Dubey; S.Chand and Company Ltd., New Delhi.
Biotechnology -II
2. Molecular cloning; Joseph Sambrook, David William Russell; Third. Edition; CSHL Press;
2001.
4. Recombinant DNA - Genes and Genomes- A short course; 3rd Edition; Watson, J.D., Myers,
R.M., Caudy A., Witkowski, J.K.; Freeman and Co. NY; 2007.
6. Molecular Biotechnology - Principles and applications of recombinant DNA; Glick, B. R.
and Pasternak, J. J.; ASM press, Washington; 2010.
8. Biotechnology - Expanding Horizons; B. D. Singh; Kalyani Publishers, Ludhiana.
9. Environmental Biotechnology :Basic concepts and applications ; InduShekar Thakur; I.K.
International Pvt. Ltd, Mumbai, New Delhi
10. Basic Biotechnology, 2nd Edition, Colin Rateledge and Bjorn Krisiansen, Cambridge
University Press.
Genetic counseling:
1. Facilitating the genetic counseling process- Practice based skills by Bonnie S. and Lay Roy,
Patricia McCarty Veach , Nanacy P Callanan
2. Harper’s Practical Genetic Counseling (8th Edition) by Angus Clarke.
Bioinformatics:
1. Dan E Krane and Michael L Raymer, fundamental concepts of bioinformatics, Pearson
Education(low priced Edition)
2. Claverie & Notredame, Bioinfomatics- A Beginners Guide, Wiley-Dreamtech India Pvt
LTD,2003.
3. Pevnezer, Bioinformatics and functional genomics, John Wiley
4. Lesk, Introduction to Bioinformatics, Oxford University Press, Indian Edition,2003
5. JinXiong, Essential Bioinformatics-Cambridge University Press, Printed and bound in
India byReplika Press Pvt.Ltd.
6. Introduction to bioinformatics-Attwood and Parrysmith, Pearson education.
7. Bioinformatics-A Beginner’s guide by Jean-Michel Claverie, Cedric Notredame - Wiley-
India Pvt. Ltds
Title:Techniques and Methodologies in Zoology-II
Course Outcome:
1. Students will learn the principles and applications of various separation techniques. They will also
learn to use these techniques and interpret the results in the laboratory.
2. Students will learn the importance of intellectual property rights and method of filling the patents.
3. Students will learn to apply the biostatistical methods to interpret the research data. They will be
able to use the software SPSS for the data analysis.
4. Students will understand various research methods, ways of writing the hypothesis and apply the
same in their research projects.
Unit Total
(60)
I INSTRUMENTATION-II 15L
1.1 Chromatography: Principle and applications of Chromatography
1.2 Column chromatography: Packing and operation of column, loading of
column, eluting the column, collection of eluent, detection of eluent
1.3 Ion-exchange chromatography: Ion exchange resins, selection of
ion‐exchanger, choice of buffers, preparation and use of ion‐exchangers,
storage of resins.
1.4 Principle and Instrumentation of HPTLC, HPTLC vs TLC
1.5 Principle and Instrumentation of HPLC
1.6 Principle and Instrumentation of GC
1.7 Electrophoresis: Principle and applications of Electrophoresis
1.7.1 Agarose Gel Electrophoresis
1.7.2 Poly acrylamide gel Electrophoresis
1.7.3 2D Electrophoresis
II INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS AND PATENTS 15L

2.1 Introduction and the need for Intellectual property Rights
2.1.1 PR in India and Abroad : Genesis and development
2.1.2 Major International Instruments concerning Intellectual Property Rights:
Paris Convention, 1883
The Berne Convention, 1886.
The Universal Copyright Convention, 1952
The WIPO Convention, 1967.
The Patent Co-operation Treaty, 1970,
The TRIPS Agreement, 1994
2.2 Kinds of Intellectual Property Rights
2.2.1 Patents:
Elements of Patentability: Novelty , Non Obviousness (Inventive Steps),
Industrial Application
Non - Patentable Subject Matter
Registration Procedure
Rights and Duties of Patentee
Assignment and license
Restoration of lapsed Patents
Surrender and Revocation of Patents
Infringement, Remedies & Penalties
Patent office and Appellate Board
2.2.2 Copyrights
Subject matter of copyright: original literary, dramatic, musical, artistic
works; cinematograph films and sound recordings
Registration Procedure, Term of protection, Ownership of copyright,
Assignment and license of copyright
2.2.3 Plant Variety Protection
Plant variety protection: meaning and benefit sharing and farmers’ rights –
Procedure for registration, effect of registration and term of protection,
farmers rights act, 2001
2.2.4 Design
Design: meaning and concept of novel and original - Procedure for
registration, effect of registration and term of protection
2.2.5 Geographical Indication (GI)
Geographical indication: meaning, and difference between GI and
trademarks - Procedure for registration, effect of registration and term of
protection
2.2.6 India`s New National IP Policy, 2016 – Govt. of India step towards
promoting IPR – Govt. Schemes in IPR – Career Opportunities in IP - IPR
in current scenario with case studies
III BIOSTATISTICS 15L

3.1 Elementary concepts in Statistics
3.1.1 Concepts of statistical population and sample from a population
Collection, classification and presentation of data
3.1.2 Presentation of data: Diagrammatic and graphical representation of data;
frequency distributions and cumulative frequency distributions; histogram,
frequency polygon, stem and leaf chart and ogives.( Self Study)
3.2 Descriptive statistics: Concepts of central tendency or location, Absolute
and relative measures of dispersion; Box plot, Lorenz curve; skewness and
kurtosis.
3.3 Probability
3.3.1 Random Experiment; sample point; sample space; events; mutually
exclusive and exhaustive events; frequency.
3.3.2 Classical definitions of probability
3.3.3 Axiomatic definition of probability
3.3.4 Addition and multiplication theorems
3.3.5 Conditional probability and independence
3.3.6 Bayes’ theorem. (The main thrust is on numerical problems and
applications)
3.4 Difference between parametric and non- parametric statistics
Confidence interval, errors and significance
3.4.1 Analysis of variance, t test, Z test, X2 Test
3.5 Regression and Correlation
3.6 Anova
3.7 Introduction to statistical software SPSS
3.7.1 Creating Tables and Graph
3.7.2 Regression analysis
3.7.3 Calculation of anova
IV RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 15L

4.1 Introduction to research methodology: Meaning of research, Objective of
research, Motivation in research, Types of research, Research approaches,
Significance of research, Research methods versus methodology, Research
and scientific methods, Importance of knowing how research is done,
Research process, Criteria for good research
4.2 Research Problem and research design: Selecting research problem,
Necessity of defining a problem, Techniques involved in defining the
problem, Meaning of research design, Need for research design, Important
concepts related to research design;
Different research designs, Basic principles of experimental design,
Important experimental designs.
4.3 Interpretation and report writing:Meaning of interpretation, Technique of
interpretation, Precautions in interpretation, Significance of report writing,
Layout of research report types of reports, Presentation of research work‐
oral, poster and writing research paper; Precautions for writing research
report
4.4 Review of related literature:Understanding the role of review, how to begin
as research for related literature, Library reference, recording and indexing,
classification of references, Internet sites for biological references-
downloading the information through internet; requests for reprints through
e‐mail and post, Classification and filing of reprints.
4.5 Writing research proposal: Characteristics of a proposal, Content and
organization of a proposal, Weakness in proposal seeking funding
REFERENCES
1. ModernExperimentalBiochemistry: 3rdEd.RodneyBoyer, PearsonEducation.
2. PrinciplesandTechniquesofPracticalBiochemistry.WilsonandWalker,
CambridgeUniv.Press.
Livingstone)
8. Pearse: Histochemistry: Theoretical and Applied (Vol. I, II & III) (4th ed 1980-1993,
12. Practical Research Planning and Design; 2nd Ed. Paul D. Leedy. Macmillan Publ.
13. Elementary Practical Organic Chemistry Part I: Small Scale Preparations.2nd Ed. Arthur I.
Vogel. CBS Publ. And Distributors.
14. Research Methodology, Methods and Techniques; C. R. Kothari .Wiley Eastern Ltd.
Mumbai
15. Intellectual Property Law in India, Nishith Desai
16. Manual of Patent Office, Practice and Procedure , The Office Of Controller General of
Patents, Designs &Trademarks, Boudhik Sampada Bhawan, S. M. Road, Antop Hill,
Mumbai (India)
PRACTICAL IVCredit-2(50M)
Sr.No. Practicals based on BPSZOO204
1. Separation of plant pigments by column chromatography
2. Separation of amino acids from casein by ion exchange chromatography
3. Separation of plasma proteins by Poly acrylamide gel Electrophoresis
4. Demonstration of separation of genomic DNA / plasmid DNA by
Agarose gel Electrophoresis
5. Demonstration of HPTLC, HPLC, GC
6. Solving Biostatistics Problems based on Z test, t test, Chi- square test
7. Using SPSS : Creating Tables and Graph, Regression analysis Calculation of anova
Internal submission for 40 marks: Based on IPR and Patent and Research methodology

M.Sc. Semester-II
Q.1 Demonstrate separation of plant pigments by column chromatography 12

OR
Q.1 Demonstrate separation of amino acids from casein by ion exchange
chromatography
Q.2 Solve the problems based on Biostatistics- Z test, t test, Chi-square test (Any 10
two)
Q.3 Demonstrate separation of genomic DNA / plasmid DNA by Agarose gel 10

Electrophoresis
OR
Q.3 Demonstrate separation of plasma proteins by Poly acrylamide gel
Electrophoresis
Q.4 Identify and comment on : HPTLC / HPLC / GC 08

B.K. BIRLA COLLEGE OF ARTS, SCIENCE AND
Syllabus for M.Sc.

CELL BIOLOGY
Program M.Sc.
Course: Zoology (Cell Biology and Cytogenetics)
Semester III and IV

M.Sc.
Programme outcomes
PO PO Description
A student completing post-graduation in Science (M.Sc.) will
be able to attain the following
PO3 Postgraduates with varied but interrelated and interdisciplinary
academic background will be produced to serve as human
resources. The knowledge of basic and applied/novel disciplines
of the subject will aid in professional growth
PO5 Problem Analysis: Identify, formulate, review research literature,
and analyze complex Subject related problems reaching
substantiated conclusions and probably solutions
PO7 Life-long Learning: Recognize the need for and have the
preparation and ability to engage in independent and lifelong
learning in the broadest context of Subject and beyond through
various Online platforms.
Program Specific Outcome
M.Sc. Zoology with Cell Biology as specialization will help students in acquiring in-depth
knowledge of theoretical and practical aspects of cell biology. The syllabus will provide the
insight not only in classical aspects of the subject but also the most recent and the modern
aspects. The program will equip the students with the set of skills which are required to obtain
the high profile jobs in the industries and research institutions of national and international
repute.
The variety of skill sets practiced by the students will enable them in learning practical aspects of
cell biology. This specialization will provide overabundance of knowledge to the students in the
field of cell biology and will present ample opportunities in job sectors. Students will also be
able to create their own niche in fields of super specialization such as genetic counseling, cancer
biology and stem cell biology as they will be gaining an adequate knowledge of necessary
techniques such as chromosomal banding, karyotyping, cell culture and maintenance of cell line,
patent writing etc. where scholars with expertise are in demand.
Visits to the different institutions planned during this program will help students in
understanding these organizations better and also provide them with opportunities to have
firsthand experience of witnessing the functioning of these institutions. This will encourage
students further to complete the program with greater force.
Project assigned for 150 marks will be extensive enough to provide opportunities to the students
to use all the techniques which they will be learning in their practical sessions. Students will be
able to publish their worthwhile findings.
Continuous internal assignment is a part of the evaluation system in this program; it will
maintain the continuity in teaching and learning process.
M.Sc. Zoology
Specialization: Cell Biology and Cytogenetics
Syllabus
Semester –III
Paper Title of the Paper Course Code Credits
Number
Paper I Cell Biology–I BPSZOOCB301 04
I Introduction to Cell Biology (100M)
II Plasma Membrane
III Cell organelles- Endo membrane system
IV Cytoskeleton
Practical I BPSZOOCBP3 02
(50M)
Paper II Cell Biology –II BPSZOOCB302 04

I Mitochondria (100M)
II Nucleus
III Cell cycle and It’s Check Points
IV Protein Sorting and Targeting
Practical II BPSZOOCBP3 02
(50M)
Paper III Cytogenetics –I BPSZOOCB303 04

I History and Principles of Cytogenetics (100M)
II Molecular Mechanism of Mitosis and
Meiosis
III Central Dogma
IV Mutations and Instability of Human DNA
Practical III BPSZOOCBP3 02
(50M)
Paper IV Cytogenetics –II BPSZOOCB304 04

I Linkage and Crossing Over (100M)
II Methods of Analyzing Chromosome
III Banding Techniques :Visualization and
Identification of Chromosomes
IV Approaches for Gene Identification
Practical IV BPSZOOCBP3 02
(50M)
Total 24
B. K. Birla College of Arts, Science and Commerce (Autonomous), Kalyan (W).
M.Sc. Zoology: Specialization: Cell Biology and Cytogenetics Semester-III
Paper: I Course Code: BPSZOOCB301
Title: Cell Biology–I Credits: 4 (100M)
Learning objectives: Cell is the fundamental structural and functional unit of life. In order to
understand the intricate nature of the cell and its complex function, it is necessary to learn the detailed
structure of the cell. The units prescribed in this paper fulfill the simple objective of unravel the
structural mysteries of the cell.
Course outcome:
1. Students will learn the history of cell biology and its development as a discipline. Students will
also understand structural differences between prokaryotic and prokaryotic cells.
2. Students will understand the structure- function correlation of plasma membrane and learn to
illustrate the concept with the help of diagrams.
3. Students will learn the details of cell organelle of eukaryotic cells. Students will understand the
structure, function and interrelation of organelle.
4. Students will understand the significance of microtubule network present in the cell and
understand the cell architecture as a whole.
UNITS TITLE OF THE UNIT Total

no. of
lectures
(60)
I Introduction to Cell Biology 15L
1.1 Definition and scope,
1.1.1 History of cell biology, Cell as basic unit of life, cell theory, protoplasm theory
and organismal theory, broad classification of cell types.
1.1.2 Cell Architecture: Bacteria, Archaea (prokaryotic) and eukaryotic cells.
Structure, similarities and differences.
1.1.3 The Composition of Cells and Cell Metabolism
1.1.4 Structure and functions of cell wall: bacterial cell wall – plant cell wall and fungal
cell wall
II Plasma Membrane 15L
2.1 Unit membrane concept.
2.1.2 Models: Lipid membrane, Protein-Lipid (Danielli-Dawson) and Fluid Mosaic.
2.1.3 Membrane proteins. Protein secretion, biogenesis of membrane proteins
2.1.4 Membrane receptors. Modifications: Microvilli, Desmosomes and
Plasmadesmata
2.1.4 Transport: Passive and Active
2.1.5 Exocytosis, endocytosis, Pinocytosis, Phagocytosis and secretion.
III Cell organelles- Endo membrane system 15L
3.1 Endoplasmic Reticulum
3.1.1 Discovery , occurrence and ultrastructure
3.1.2 Type: Smooth and Rough
3.1.3 Functions
3.2 Golgi complex
3.2.1 Origin, occurrence and morphology
3.2.2 Ultrastructure and functions
3.3 Types of Vesicles
3.3 Lysosomes, Peroxisomes
3.3.2 Ultrastructure, polymorphism and microsomes
3.3.3 Transport and their functions
IV Cytoskeleton 15 L
4.1.1 Introduction
4.1.2 Microtubules, Microfilaments and Intermediate filament
4.1.3 Location, ultrastructure
4.1.4 Molecular motors.
4.1.5 Filament dynamics and motility
4.1.6 Biochemical composition and functions
Cell Biology- I Practical I Credits: 2 (50M)

Course Code: BPSZOOCBP3
1. Introduction to Cell Biology Lab / Computers in Biology

2. Microscopy- Principle and Parts of microscopes
3. Isolation of cell organelle
4. Preparation of stains and fixatives
5. Fixation and staining of cell organelle
6. Differential staining of prokaryotic cells.
7. Study of unicellular eukaryotic cell (Paramecium cell from culture and amoeba from permanent
slide).
8. Study of fungal cell from mucor /mushroom
9. Mounting of plant cell.
10. Preparation of blood smears-Cell type identification and Differential Count.
11. Electron micrographs - Interpretation of cellular ultrastructure –
Plasma membrane, Endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi complex, vesicles and Cytoskeleton
12. Study of Phagocytosis and pinocytosis
13. Study of lipid solubility of membranes
14. Determination of percent Hemolysis and osmotic fragility of erythrocytes
M.Sc.-II Semester-III
Skeleton Question paper (Practical-I): Course Code: BPSZOOCBP3
Q. 1 Demonstrate differential staining of prokaryotic cells using the given material 14

OR
Q.1 Stain, identify and make the differential count of the animal cells from the blood 14
sample provided
OR
Q.1 Demonstrate the effects of two different organic solvents on lipid solubility of cell 14
membrane
Q.2 Make a temporary mounting of unicellular eukaryotic cell/ plant cell/ fungal cell, 05
sketch and label.
OR
Q.2 Prepare the satin and fixative of given concentration, stain the given cells and 05
comment and analyze the results.
Q.3 Stain the cells and locate the cell organelles. 06
OR
Q.3 Identify the cell organelles from the given electron micrograph and explain their 06
structures
Q.4 Demonstrate hemolysis and osmotic fragility of erythrocytes using solvents of 06
different osmolarity.
OR
Q.4 Present your idea of ideal cytology laboratory and sketch. 06
Q. 5 Identify and describe (a to c): a and b: Parts of the microscope , b: Pinocytosis/ 09
Phagocytosis
Q. 6 Viva-voce 05
Q. 7 Journal 05
M.Sc. Zoology: Specialization: CELL BIOLOGY
Semester-III
Paper: II Course Code: BPSZOOCB302
Title: Cell Biology–II Credits: 4 (100M)
Learning objectives: Every cell organelle play their individual and unique role in and contribute in
integrated functioning of the cell. The units are planned in this paper with objectives of learning such
roles of these organelles.
Course outcome:
1. Students will understand the ultrastructure and function of mitochondria and its role in
respiratory chain and phosphorylation. They will also learn to correlate it with other pathways
and cycles.
2. Students will understand the structure of nucleus and its function. Students will also
understand the nucleo-cytoplasmic interactions.
3. Students will understand the details of cell division, cell cycle and its regulation, they will also
learn to illustrate the same in the form of diagrams, charts and models.
4. Students will understand the role of Gogi Apparatus and Endoplasmic Reticulum in protein
sorting and targeting. They will also understand the process of protein transportation across the
cell and to the exterior of cell.

no. of
lectures
(60)
I Mitochondria 15L
1.1.2. Ultrastructure and functions
1.1.3 Organization of respiratory chain
1.1.4 Phosphorylation
II Nucleus 15L
2.1.1 Size, shape, number and position
2.1.2 Ultrastructure of nuclear membrane and pore complex
2.1.3 Nucleolus: general organization, chemical composition and functions
2.1.4 Nuclear sap/ nuclear matrix, nuclear transports
2.1.5 Nucleo-cytoplasmic interactions
III Cell Division, Cell cycle and Its Check Points 15 L
3.1.1 Cell division: Mitosis, Meiosis and various phases of cell cycle.
3.1.1 Regulation of the cell division cycle
3.1.3 Regulation of DNA replication
3.1.4 Regulation of Mitosis and Meiosis
3.1.5 Role of centriole in the cell division
3.1.6 Role of various cycle-CDK complexes in the transition of various
checkpoint of cell cycle. Role of ubiquitin-protein ligase –SCF and
APC/C in the control of cell cycle.
IV Protein Sorting and Targeting 15 L
4.1.1 Introduction and Historical background
4.1.2 Protein translocation across ER- membrane, SRP. Modification and
quality control of protein in ER
4.1.3 Golgi vesicular traffic, Protein import in mitochondria, peroxisomes,
chloroplasts
4.2 Signal for Import and Export of Macromolecules from Nucleus
4.2.1 Glycosylation in mammalian cells, origin, nature and types of
Glycosylation. Role of Glycosylation in protein stability and folding with
reference to ER exit.
CELL BIOLOGY-II Practical II Credits: 2 (50M)

1. Isolation of Mitochondria from cells

2. Study of detection of mitochondria by Janus Green B
3. Detection of DNA and RNA by Methyl Green Pyronin staining
4. Detection of DNA by Feulgen reaction
5. Detection of proteins by mercuric bromo-phenol blue staining
6. Study of permanent slides of mitosis & meiosis
7. Study of temporary preparation of different mitotic stages from onion root tip cells
8. To study the effect of colchicine on mitosis
9. Study of mitotic index.
10. Study of temporary preparation of different meiotic stages from grasshopper/
Tradescantia / Onion floral bud
11. Spectrophotometry: Principle, working and applications Cell Growth/ Growth curves
12. Study of electron micrographs of mitochondria, nucleus and nuclear membrane
13. Cell cycle analysis using FACS/FCM.
M.Sc. -II Semester-III
Skeleton Question paper Practical-II: Course Code: BPSZOOCBP3
Q. 1 Detect DNA and RNA using Janus Green B stain/ Methyl Green Pyronin satin 10
OR
Q.1. Detect DNA using Feulgen reaction. 10
OR
Detection of proteins by mercuric bromo-phenol blue staining 10
Q.1
Study the cell growth and plot the growth curve for the cells provided 10
Q.2 (yeast/bacteria)
OR
Q.2 Prepare a temporary slide to demonstrate meiosis and draw the diagram. 10
Q.3 Make a squash preparation of onion root tip and make a temporary slide to 05
demonstrate mitosis.
OR
Q.3 Demonstrate the effect of colchicine on mitosis using onion root tips and 05
compare it with the slide of untreated sample provided.
OR
Q.3 Calculate mitotic index for the colchicine treated and untreated onion roots tips 05
Q.4 Study the cell cycle using Florescence Activated Cell Sorting. 06
Q.4 Isolate or separate mitochondria from given cells. 06

Q.5 Identify (a to c): a- Mitochondria/Nucleus/Nuclear Membrane b- one of the 09
stages of mitosis, c- one of the stages of meiosis.
Q. 6 Viva-voce 05
Q. 7 Journal 05
Semester-III
Paper: III Course Code: BPSZOOCB303
Title: Cytogenetics-I Credits: 4(100M)
Learning objectives: Cytogenetics mainly deals with the study of gross structural features and
anomalies of nucleic material. The paper mainly deals with structure of chromosomes,
mutation, governing principles of cell division etc. the objective here is to make the students
aware of gross structure and role of these material.
Course outcome:
1. Students will acquire the knowledge on chemical and physical structure of
chromosome and learn about the special chromosomes. Students will also learn about
the dosage compensation due to X chromosome inactivation.
2. Students will understand the underlying mechanism and role of various structures
present in the nucleus in cell division.
3. Students will learn more about the central dogma, transcription and translation both in
prokaryotes and eukaryotes and learn to differentiate between them. They will also
learn about the post transcriptional and translational changes.
4. Students will understand the cause and effects of mutations in human DNA. They will
also learn about the types of mutations, molecular mechanisms governing the mutation
and the methods to detect them.

no. of
lectures
(60)
I History and Principles of Cytogenetics 15 L
1.1 Nucleus - Internal organization, Nuclear pore complex, Nucleosomes.
Euchromatin and heterochromatin.(Facultative and constitutive
heterochromatin)
1.1.1 Structure and functions of chromosomes chemical composition,
telomeres, centromeres and kinetochores, nucleolar organizers,
chromomeres.
1.1.2 Variations in chromosome structure: The origin and adaptive significance
of duplications, deletions, inversions, and translocations, iso-
chromosomes, ring chromosomes, centric fusions and fissions.
1.1.3 Endomitosis and Polyteny- Lampbrush chromosomes and polytene
chromosomes
1.1.4 Sex chromosomes, X chromosome inactivation- Lyon hypothesis-Barr
body and mosaicism
II Molecular mechanism of Mitosis and Meiosis 15 L
2.1 Molecular mechanism of cell division: Amitosis, Endomitosis and
Mitosis
2.2 Ultrastructure and organization of centrosome, centromere, Kinetochore,
genetic control of meiosis.
2.3 Microtubules and their dynamic instability, Microtubule Associated
proteins, Anaphasic movements, Cytokinesis
2.4 Non-disjunction Changes in chromosome number - aneuploidy in
animals, their origins, cytogenetic effects
III Central Dogma 15L
3.1 Structure, Types and Functions of DNA and RNA
3.2 Genetic Code and its features
3.3 Transcription and Translation in Prokaryotes
3.4 Transcription and Translation in Eukaryotes
3.5 Post Transcriptional and Translational modification
IV Mutations and Instability of Human DNA 15L
4.1 Types of mutations (Spontaneous, Induced, Base substitutions and
frameshifts- Transitions, Transversions, gain in function, loss in function,
Neutral mutations)
4.1.1 Molecular mechanism of mutations (Base analogs, alkylating agents)
4.1.2 Detection of mutations : Dominant lethal test, Sex-linked recessive lethal
test, II-III translocations, Ames test, P-mediated mutagenesis
4.1.3 Cytogenetic effects of ionizing and nonionizing radiations
Cytogenetics-I Practical III Credits: 2(50M)

Code: Course Code: BPSZOOCBP3
1. Study of stages of mitosis and meiotic chromosomes of grass hopper by

observation of permanent slides and calculation of chiasmata frequency
2. Study of morphology of Drosophila melanogaster
3. Study of mutants of Drosophila melanogaster
4. Preparation of polytene chromosomes of Drosophila melanogaster / chironomous
larvae
5. Preparation of genital plate of D. melanogaster
6. Study of Barr body using buccal smear
7. Study of eye pigmentation in Drosophila mutants by TLC
8. Effects of Para-diclorobenzene as mutagen on chromosomes.
9. Comet assay- for DNA strand breaking
10. Micronuclei assay - for mutations due to toxins
11. Identification of mutations- from photographs/slides
12. Extraction of Genomic DNA from E. coli and Drosophila.
13. Separation of DNA by Agarose Gel Electrophoresis
14. Study of conventions of nomenclature of genes and gene products in different
modelsystems
15. Problems - Central Dogma
M.Sc.-II Semester-III
Skeleton Question paper Practical-III Course Code: BPSZOOCBP3
Q. 1 Extract genomic DNA and perform the test for its confirmation from E. coli or 12
Drosophila.
OR
Q.1. Separate the genomic DNA of bacteria from Plasmid DNA using Agarose Gel 12
Electrophoresis.
OR
Q.1 Perform TLC for the separation of eye pigments of normal drosophila from 12
mutants.
OR
Q. 1 Make a temporary mounting polytene chromosome from the material provided. 12
Q.2 Demonstrate the effects of Para-diclorobenzene as mutagen on chromosomes. 10
OR
Q.2 Perform the Comet Assay to demonstrate the brakes in DNA 10
OR
Q.2 Perform Micronuclei assay to demonstrate mutations due to given toxins 10
Q. 3 Make a temporary mounting of bar body using your won buccal smear and draw 06
the diagram.
OR
Q. 3 Calculate Chiasma frequency for mitotic or meiotic chromosomes of 06
grasshopper using the permanent slides provided.
Q. 4 Compare the two drosophila (Live specimen / Photograph) and identify which is 06
normal and which is a mutant form. Give justification
OR
Q.4 Identify and describe the types of mutations from the photographs provided. 06
OR
Q.4 Identify the gene from the given abbreviation/ Write the abbreviation/ write the 06
meanings of the given symbols used in gene nomenclature/ Write the symbols
for the following.
Q.5 Solve the given problems (Two problems based on central dogma) 06
Q. 6 Viva 05
Q. 7 Journal 05
Semester-III
Paper: IV Course Code: BPSZOOCB304
Title: Cytogenetics–II Credits: 4 (100M)
Learning objectives: The paper deals with the chromosomal anomalies, banding
techniques, and crossing over and gene identification methods. The objective behind
prescribing this paper is to impart the knowledge to the students on structural and
numerical chromosomal abnormalities and genetic disorders caused and to help identifying
the underlying principles of genetic variations which are caused by linkages and crossing
over.
Course outcome:
1. Students will understand different types of linkages and crossing over molecular
mechanism of crossing over and the factors affecting the crossing over and its
importance in genetic variations. Students will also learn to construct and interpret
the linkage maps.
2. Students will learn different techniques involved in chromosomal studies. They will
gain the knowledge of the most recent techniques such as SKY.
3. Students will learn to locate the probable position of genes with help of banding
techniques. They will learn the skill chromosomal banding in the laboratory.
4. Students will learn the most recent techniques to identify the genes and their
applications.
no. of
lectures
(60)
I Linkage and Crossing over 15 L
1.1.1 Types of linkages, Linkage and construction of genetic maps:
Cytogenetic and link-age maps, Two and three point cross in Drosophila,
RFLP mapping
1.1.2 Crossing over.
1.1.3 Molecular mechanism of crossing over
1.1.4 Chromosomal evidence of crossing over
1.1.5 Environmental and genetic factors which affect the frequency of crossing
over
1.1.6 Crossing over with translocations/inversions, recombination and its
effect during reproduction
II Methods of Analyzing Chromosome 15 L
2.1 Karyotype Analysis and Nomenclature
2.2 Preparation of slides for Karyotype
2.3 Karyotype Analysis of autosomal and sex chromosomal abnormalities
2.4 Manual identification of GTG bands, Identification using computerized
image analyzer
2.5 Spectral Karyotyping – SKY
III Banding Techniques :Visualization and Identification of 15 L
chromosomes
3.1 Methods of Chromosome Banding
3.2 C - Banding, G-banding , Q - banding, R– Banding, M-Banding
3.3 Banding Patterns and its significance
IV Approaches for Gene Identification 15L
4.1 Functional cloning
4.2 Positional cloning
4.3 Position independent candidate gene approach
4.4 Position dependent candidate gene approach
4.5 Epigenetic signatures
4.6 Transcriptome analysis
Cytogenetics-II- Practical IV Credits: 2 (50M)

1 Metaphase chromosome preparations from bone marrow of mouse/ rat/

human/Goat/Chicken
2 Chromosome preparation from lymphocyte culture
3 Preparation of metaphase chromosomal spread of 3rd instar larvae of Drosophila
(from ganglion)
4 G-banding, C-banding, R-banding from metaphase chromosomal spread of
Mouse/Goat/Chicken.
5. Karyotyping of cells, preparation of slides and microphotographs
6. Effect of mitogen induction on lymphocytes
7. Identification of abnormality from the given karyotype/ slides
8. Sister Chromatid Exchange (SCE) assay - for genotoxicity
9. Chromosome preparation from chorionic villi, stem cells, cell lines ( Clinic/institutes)
10 Identification: Approaches for gene identification
11 Identification: Spectral Karyotyping (SKY)
12 Construction of Linkage maps
M.Sc-II Semester-III
Skeleton Question paper Practical-IV: Course Code: BPSZOOCBP3
Q.1. Demonstrate metaphase chromosome preparation from the given bone marrow 12
OR
Q.1 Demonstrate the metaphase chromosome preparation from third instar stage of 12
drosophila.
OR
Prepare the slide for karyotype analysis from the given cell culture. 12
Q.1.
OR
Prepare chromosome spread from the lymphocyte culture. 12
Q.1
Q. 2 Demonstrate G-banding/C-banding, R-banding from metaphase chromosomal 08
spread of Mouse/Goat/Chicken.
OR
Q.2 Chromosome preparation from chorionic villi, stem cells, cell lines ( 08
Clinic/institutes)
Q.3 Demonstrate the effect of mitogen induction on lymphocytes 07
OR
Q.3 Perform Sister Chromatid Exchange (SCE) assay to demonstrate genotoxicity. 07
Q.4 Compare the SKY karyotype type with normal but conventional karyotype and 06
find the chromosomal abnormalities.
OR
Q.4 Prepare the ideogram from SKY karyotype by identifying the pairs of 06
homologous chromosomes.
OR
Q.4 Identify the genes from given map and describe 06
Q. 5 Construct the linkage map from the recombination frequency table provided. 07
OR
Q.5 Calculate the distance between the genes from the data set provided for two 07
point cross/three point cross
Q. 6 Viva-voce 05
Q. 7 Journal 05
B. K. Birla College (Autonomous), Kalyan
DEPARTMENT OF ZOOLOGY
M.Sc. Zoology
Specialization: CELL BIOLOGY
Syllabus
Semester –IV
Paper Title of the Paper Course Code Credits
Number
Paper I Cell Biology-III BPSZOOCB401 04
I Cell Signaling - Signal Transduction - I (100M)
II Cell Signaling - Signal Transduction - II
III Cancer Cell Biology
IV Stem Cell Biology
Practical I BPSZOOCBP4 02
(50M)
Paper II Clinical Cytogenetics BPSZOOCB402 04

I Genetic Disorders -I (100M)
II Genetic Disorders –II
III Prenatal Tests
IV Genetic Counseling
Practical II BPSZOOCBP4 02
(50M)
Paper III Tools and Techniques in Cell Biology and BPSZOOCB403 04

Cytogenetics
I Techniques used in Cell Biology and (100M)
Cytogenetics – I
II Techniques used in Cell Biology and
Cytogenetics – II
III Mapping of Chromosomes
IV Cell Culture Techniques and Visualization of
Cells
Practical III BPSZOOCBP4 02
(50M)
Paper IV Research Based Project BPSZOOCB404 06

(150M)
Semester-IV
Paper: I Course Code: BPSZOOCB401
Title: Cell Biology–III Credits: 4(100M)
Learning objective: Membrane receptors play very important role in Signaling, facilitating
and even blocking the transportation across the membrane. Having the knowledge of this
process is desirable in advance branches of biology such drug designing, vaccine production,
cancer treatment and even stem cell research. All these branches are incorporated in this
paper having an objective of preparing students for developing skills in these topics because
these topics are sure to provide solutions to several unsolved problems in the fields of
medicine.
Course outcome:
1. Students will understand role of receptors and signal molecules involved in signal
transduction.
2. Students will also understand the pathways of intra and inter cellular signal
transduction
3. Students will learn the safety methods essential in laboratory dealing with cancerous
tissues and cells. They will also learn to identify the cancers cells based on the
structure of the tissue and the biochemical markers expressed by the tissue.
4. Students will learn about the types, structure, methods of identification and culturing of
stem cells. They will also understand the applications of stem cells.

no. of
lectures
(60)
I Cell Signaling - Signal Transduction - I 15 L
1.1.1 Receptors involved in Signal Transduction; Introduction
1.1.2 G protein-coupled receptor
1.1.3 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases and MAP Kinase
1.1.4 Cytokine receptors
1.1.5 Integrins and Survival Signals
1.1.6 Signal molecules, signal amplification
II Cell Signaling - Signal Transduction - II 15L
2.1.1 Cell to Cell signaling
2.1.2 Hormones and Receptors
2.1.3 Pathways of Intracellular Signal Transduction
2.1.4 Quorum sensing
2.1.5 Intracellular signaling in Development and Disease
III Cancer Cell Biology 15 L
3.1.1 Quality management system and laboratory safety
3.1.2 Basic principle bone marrow culture and cell count
3.1.3 Specimen collection and processing
3.1.4 Phenotypic Characters, Theories/ hypothesis regarding causes of cancer
3.1.5 Extrinsic and Intrinsic causes of Cancer: Physical. Chemical and
biological agents (viruses) as extrinsic factors and Somatic mutations as
intrinsic factors.
3.1.6 Proto-oncogene, Oncogene, Tumor suppressor genes and Oncogenesis
and aging related phenomenon
3.1.7 Cancer Cell markers
3.1.8 Cytogenetic abnormalities in leukemia, lymphomas and in solid tumors
IV Stem Cell Biology 15L
4.1.1 Stem Cells : introduction and Types
4.1.2 Stem cells Research - An overview
4.1.3 Stem Cell markers
4.1.4 Identification of stem cells- Methods
4.1.5 Culturing of Stem cells and Applications of Stem Cells
CELL BIOLOGY-III- Practical I Credits: 2 (50M)

Code: BPSZOOCBP4
1 Study of cell receptors, structure and function of G-Protein coupled receptors, Cytokine
receptors and tyrosine kinases receptors
2 Analysis of Pathways- JAK and STAT
3. Monitoring cell death by LDH assay
4. Apoptosis assays- Kinase assay, Ubiquitination assay
5. Antioxidant assays- DPPH /ABTS/ FRAP/ FOX/ FTC/ ACA( any two)
6. Ascorbic acid estimation from the given tissue.
7. Identification of apoptosis, Senescent cells, autophagy and necrosis from
slides/photographs
8. Study of human Dental Pulp/Umbilical cord/ amniotic fluid and stem cells.
9. Identification of cell types from bone marrow (Goat)
10 Study of nude rat as a popular animal model in cancer treatment
11 Identification of types of leukemia cells, lymphoma, myeloma etc.
M.Sc.-II Semester-IV
Skeleton Question paper Practical-I (Code: BPSZOOCBP4)
Q.1 Perform Antioxidant assays for DPPH /ABTS/ FRAP/ FOX/ FTC/ ACA (any 12
two) from given tissue samples.
OR
Q.1 Estimate the amount of ascorbic acid from the given tissue and comment on its 12
antioxidant status
Q.2 Perform Kinase assay/Ubiquitination assay to demonstrate apoptosis 08
OR
Q.2 Perform LDH assay to demonstrate cell death. 08
OR
Q.2 Make a temporary slide and identify the cell types from the given bone marrow 08
Q.3 Study the given chart, identify the receptors and comment on its structure and 06
function (of G-Protein coupled receptors/Cytokine receptors/ tyrosine kinases
receptors)
OR
Q.3 Complete the given pathway and write its significance (JAK and STAT) 06
Q.4 Identify the given tissue, its cells and comment on their function. (Study of 05
human Dental Pulp/Umbilical cord/ amniotic fluid and stem cells).
Q.5 Identify and describe (any three): apoptosis, Senescent cells, autophagy, necrosis 09
and nude mouse
Q.6 Viva 05
Q.7 Journal 05
Semester-IV
Paper: II Course Code: BPSZOOCB402
Title: Clinical Cytogenetics Credits: 4 (100M)
Learning objective: Genetic disorders are expressed congenitally or around puberty or any
time during the life time of the person if the person is genetically predisposed. It is necessary
to understand the reasons behind these disorders, their diagnostic methods and methods of
counseling to the victim. The objectives behind the units here are to make students learn the
reasons and understand principals behind the disorders
Course outcome:
1. Students will learn about the types of genetic disorders, causes, symptoms and
diagnostic tests.
2. Students will learn more about the common genetic disorders, population screening
and management.
3. Students will learn about the different types of prenatal tests to diagnose the genetic
disorders and learn to interpret the reports.
4. Students will learn to prepare and interpret the pedigree charts. They will also learn to
provide genetic counselling to the people.

no. of
lectures
(60)
I Genetic Disorders –I 15 L
1.1 Introduction - Classification of genetic disorders
1.1.1 Single gene Disorders (Cystic Fibrosis, Marfan’s syndrome)
1.1.2 Multifactorial disorders (Diabetes, Atherosclerosis, Schizophrenia)
1.1.3 Chromosome Breakage and Instability Syndromes
1.1.4 Epigenetic mechanisms and Genomic Imprinting disorders
1.1.5 Chromosomal disorders
1.1.6 Chromosomal abnormalities in cancer
1.2 Genetic testing
1.2.1 Methods of genetic testing
1.2.2 Newborn Screening, Diagnostic testing, Carrier testing, Prenatal
testing, Preimplantation testing, Predictive and Pre-symptomatic
testing, Forensic testing
II Genetic Disorders –II 15 L
2.1 Thalassemia, Fanconi anemia, Sickle Cell anemia, Fragile-X syndrome,
Alzheimer’s disease
2.2 Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy/Becker’s Muscular Dystrophy,
Huntington’s disease
2.3 Allelic susceptibility test for multifactorial disorders - Neural Tube
Defect, Cleft Lip and Palate, Cardio Vascular Disorder, Male infertility
2.4 Population screening for genetic disorders
2.5 Treatment and management of genetic disorders
III Prenatal Tests 15 L
3.1 Noninvasive Pre-natal Tests
3.1.1 Triple test, Ultrasonography (USG), cf DNA testing
3.2 Invasive Pre-natal Tests
3.2.1 Amniocentesis (AC), Chorionic villi sampling (CVS), Fetal blood
sampling(FBS)
IV Genetic Counseling 15 L
4.1 Introduction and scope of Genetic counseling
4.2 Genetic Counseling- Processes
4.3 Genetic testing. - carrier testing, pre-natal testing, preimplantation
testing
4.4 Pedigree analysis: Symbols and preparation of pedigree chart for
autosomal; and sex linked dominant and recessive traits, Problems in
pedigreeRole of RFLP in pedigree analysis
Clinical Cytogenetics- Practical II Credits: 2 (50M)

Code: BPSZOOCBP4
1. Identification and symptoms of single gene disorders
2. Identification and symptoms of Multifactorial disorders (Diabetes, Atherosclerosis,
Schizophrenia)
3. Identification and symptoms of chromosome breakage and instability syndromes
4. Cause, inheritance, symptoms and diagnosis - of Thalassemia, Fanconi anemia, Sickle
Cell anemia, Fragile-X syndrome, Alzheimer’s disease, Cystic fibrosis.
5. Cause, inheritance, symptoms and diagnosis - of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy/
Becker’s Muscular Dystrophy, Huntington’s disease
6. Principle and procedures of Prenatal tests - non invasive
7. Cell free DNA testing- cfDNA
8. Principle and procedures of Prenatal tests – invasive
9. Use of sonography in detection of genetic disorders.
10. Concept of genetic disorder databases and demonstration of use of OMIM.
11. Symbols and Preparation of human pedigree charts
12. Construction of Pedigree Chart for autosomal and sex - linked dominant and recessive
inheritance in humans.
13. Problems based on Pedigree
14. Genetic counseling – Case study.
Skeleton Question paper Practical-II (Code: BPSZOOCBP4)
Q.1 Identify the type of disorder from the chart provided and describe (any two) 10
OR
Q.1 Construct the pedigree chart based on the case study provided (Any two) 10
OR
Q.1 Find out the symptoms, occurrence and describe the given genetic disorder 10
using OMIM.
Q.2 Identify and describe the symptoms of the given gene disorder and find the 07
sequence of the gene involved from NCBI
Q.2 Identify and describe the symptoms of the given genetic disorder , find out the 07
factors involved form NCBI
Q.3 Identify the procedure of parental test form the given picture (Noninvasive, 05
Invasive-Amniocentesis/Chorionic villi ) write its principle and describe the
procedure
OR
Q.3 Write the principle and procedure of Cell free DNA testing- cfDNA 05
Q.4 Draw the pedigree symbols for the given description (any three) and Write the 06
meaning of given pedigree symbols (any three)
OR
Q.4 For the given case study write the details of the counselling you would provide. 06
Q.5 Identify and describe (any four): chromosome breakage and instability 12
syndromes, Thalassemia, Fanconi anemia, Sickle Cell anemia, Fragile-X
syndrome, Alzheimer’s disease, Cystic fibrosis, Duchenne Muscular
Dystrophy/Becker’s Muscular Dystrophy, Huntington’s disease, sonogram of
the foetus having genetic disorder.
Q.6 Viva 05
Q.7 Journal 05
Semester-IV
Paper: III Course Code: BPSZOOCB403 Credits: 4 (100M)
Title: Tools and Techniques in Cell Biology and Cytogenetics
Learning objective: This paper mainly includes all the technical and most recent aspects of
cell biology and cytogenetics. The objective behind the paper is to introduce the recent
technology to the students.
Course outcome:
1. Students will learn the recent techniques used in the study of cell biology and
cytogenetics like DNA amplification, DNA sequencing and Flow Cytometry.
2. Students will further understand other techniques including FISH, Prenatal
diagnostic and genomic hybridization.
3. Students will learn different techniques of chromosomal mapping.
4. Students will understand basic techniques in cell culture, maintenance of cell lines
and visualization of cells.
no. of
lectures
(60)
I Techniques used in Cell Biology and Cytogenetics – I 15 L
1.1 DNA amplification -Polymerase Chain Reactors - Working Principle,
Methodology andtypes of PCR
1.2 DNA Sequencing- Sangers dideoxy chain termination, Maxam and
Gilbert Method, NGS (New Generation Sequencing).
1.3 Flow Cytometry- Working principle - Uses and Application
1.3.1 DNA content analysis
1.3.2 Immunophenotyping
1.3.3 Cell sorting - RBC, WBC, Platelets, Cancer cell
1.3.4 Apoptosis Analysis
1.3.5 Intracellular Calcium Flux
II Techniques used in Cell Biology and Cytogenetics - II 15 L
2.1 Fluorescence Microscope- Working principle (different filters)
2.2 Florescence - in- situ - hybridization- FISH - Principle and working
2.3 Types of FISH,- multiplex FISH
2.4 Types of FISH probes ( Locus specific, probes centromeric repeat
probes) and application of FISH
2.4.1 Detection of congenital diseases
2.4.2 Pre-natal diagnosis of chromosome abnormality
2.4.3 Detection of Copy Number Variants (CNV) in adults
2.4.4 Detection of Cancer and Infectious diseases
2. 5 Comparative Genomic Hybridization (CGH)
2.5.1 Principle and Methods of CGH
2.5.2 Advances in CGH- Array CG
2.6 Working principle and application in cytogenetic microarray/SNP
array, Its application in prenatal, postnatal and cancer genetics.
III Mapping of Chromosomes 15 L
3.1 Low resolution mapping
3.1.1 Sub- chromosomal mapping
3.1.2 Chromosomal break points
3.1.3 Cytogenetic methods
3.1.4 Somatic cell hybrid mapping
3.1.5 Radiation hybrid mapping
3.2 High resolution mapping
3.2.1 DNA FIBRE FISH
3.2.3 VNTR microsatellite markers for mapping
3.2.4 EST, STS and SNP mapping
3.2.5 Conserved region mapping: IRE, CpG site mapping, Promoter site
recognition
3.2.6 Mapping for single gene disorders
3.2.7 Mapping for complex genetic disorders
IV Cell Culture Techniques and Visualization of Cells 15 L
4.1 Aseptic Techniques
4.2 Use of Laminar flow hood
4.3 Culture media
4.3.1 Constituents, types and sterilization of culture media
4.3.2 Culturing of blood cells, fibroblast cells. Bone marrow cells
4.3.3 Feeder Cells
4.3.4 Maintenance of cell lines
4.4 Cell Visualization
4.4.1 Phase contrast microscope - Working Principle and uses
4.4.2 Confocal Microscope - Working Principle and uses
Tools and Techniques in Cell Biology and Cytogenetics: Practical III Credits: 2 (50M)
Code: BPSZOOCBP4
1. DNA extraction and Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)

Principles, Explanation, Demonstration
2. Detection of mutation using ARMS-PCR (e.g.; Thalassemia) and microsatellite
markers (e.g. fragile-X syndrome)
3. Molecular markers for tumor detection:
Bcr-abl (RT-PCR)
BRCA1 (PCR)
Her2new (FISH)
4. cDNA preparation and RT-PCR
5. In- silico design of PCR primers for a gene of interest
6. Extraction of DNA from plasmid and restriction enzyme mapping of plasmidDNA
7. Construction of Chromosome maps
8. Study of restriction maps of cloning vectors (pBR 322, YAC, M13 etc.), Problems
based on restriction digestion.
9. DNA sequencing (demonstration)
10. Preparation of Culture media
11. Culturing of blood cells, fibroblast cells. Bone marrow cells
12. Trypsinization of spleen / Liver tissue and viability cell count.
13. Preparation of mouse embryonic fibroblasts,Cytotoxicity assay - MTT assay, Cell
viability assays, Cell proliferation assay, Migration assay, Invasion assay, Soft agar
assay, Apoptosis assays, Kinase assay, Protein and mRNA turnover assays, Cell
staining techniques
14. Five days visit to Cytogenetic laboratories/ Molecular Biology laboratories
(TIFR/BARC/TATA Memorial/ACTRAC/IIT Mumbai/Jaslok Hospital etc.).
Skeleton Question paper Practical-III (Code: BPSZOOCBP4)
Q.1 Extract Plasmid DNA from the given cells and find its molecular weight using 10
standard DNA with the help of AGE.
Q.1 Demonstrate restriction digestion of the given plasmid, separate the fragments 10
using AGE and construct the restriction map
Q.2 Prepare the culture media from the given components and demonstrate its 08
effect on cell growth.
Q.2 Culture the blood cells/fibroblast cell/bone marrow cells 08
Q.2 Trypsinize the given tissue and take the viability cell count 08
Q.3 Demonstrate mouse embryonic fibroblasts preparation/ Cytotoxicity assay - 05

MTT assay/ Cell viability assays/ Cell proliferation assay/Migration assay,
Invasion assay/ Soft agar assay/ Protein and mRNA turnover assays/Cell
staining techniques
OR 05
Q.3 Design PCR primers for a given gene In- silico. 05
OR
Q.3 Write the principle and procedure for preparation of C-DNA using RT-PCR 05
method and convert the given strand of m-RNA into C-DNA
Q.4 Problems based on restriction digestion (Two) 06
Q.5 Identify and describe (a and b) : a- Molecular markers for tumor detection Bcr- 06
abl (RT-PCR)/BRCA1 (PCR)/Her2new (FISH), b- Restriction maps of cloning
vectors
Q.6 Visit Report 05
Q.7 Viva 05
Q.8 Journal 05
Semester-IV
Paper: IV Course Code: BPSZOOCB404
Title: Research Based Project Credits: 6 (150M)
Learning objective: A research based project is introduced in the syllabus in semester 4 for
150 marks (Credit 4+1) with an objective of giving a flavor of research to the students. It
would help them apply the analytical skills and research methodologies they have learnt in
their earlier class. The project would initiate them in research and help them understand the
biological processes which they learn in the theory units.
Project outcome: It is expected that the students would learn to apply the methodical and
analytical techniques not only in research but in every aspect of their professional and personal
life. A worthwhile research publication is also expected from the students under the guidance
of their mentors. It is also expected that some of the students may develop national and
international contacts which would help them in research career ahead.
Guideline to conduct the project.
1. The research project shall be designed by the student in consultation with the mentor
assigned to the student.
2. Research project to be accomplished is an individual activity and not a group venture.
3. Any competent person with relevant qualifications and research experience can be chosen
by the student or requested to be assigned from head of the department of Zoology, B.K.
Birla College, Kalyan.
4. A mentor can be a faculty from Department of Zoology, B.K. Birla College, Kalyan/ one
of the Science departments of B.K. Birla College, Kalyan/ an outsider from other
renowned degree colleges affiliated to University of Mumbai/ Research personals from
Industries/ Research personals from research institutions of high repute.
5. The Mentor should be from the jurisdiction of Thane district, Mumbai and Mumbai
Suburban. It is suggested that the mentors from outside of the mentioned region be
avoided as it is likely to cause inconvenience in communication and completion of
research work.
6. Maximum six students inclusive of both fields of specialization not more than three in
any one specialization are allowed less than one guide.
7. If selected by the student, name of the mentor and his/her professional credentials should
be submitted to the head of the department and get approved before starting of research
work.
8. Acceptance letter from the mentor should be submitted in the prescribed format provided
by the department.
9. If the mentor is not form B. K. Birla College, Kalyan then a permission letter must be
submitted by the students duly signed by the parents/ local guardian of the student in the
format prescribed by the department.
10. If the travel is involved in the research project for any purpose such as collection of data,
reference papers, attending the conferences/ symposia/ paper presentations etc., a prior
written request from the student duly singed by the mentor and the parents/local guardian
should be compulsorily submitted to the department. Failing in submission of such a
letter would be liable for disciplinary action.
11. Preparation of the research project such as collection of the reference papers, secondary
data, setting of the objectives etc. can be started when the student enters M.Sc. Part -1
class. The actual or the physical work of the research should be started only after third
semester ends.
12. No project can commence before being approved by the research committee of the
department/college.
13. The topics for the research should be compulsorily selected from the field of
specialization the student has opted for. Any topic from allied branches should be
properly correlated to the field of specialization with justification.
14. No monitory help of any nature shall be provided by the department or the College for
completion of the project.
15. Special leave will not be granted for completion of the project.
16. A disciplinary action will be taken if the students are found guilty of absentia from theory
or practical classes under the pretext of completion of the research project.
17. Students are fully restrained form coming to the Zoology laboratory / College for
research project completion on any Sundays and public holidays.
18. Students are not allowed to stay back in the laboratory for completion of the project after
working hours of the college.
19. Use of departmental chemicals, instruments, stationary, printing facilities and any other
consumable is allowed only after submission of requisition form to the head of the
department duly signed by the student and the mentor.
20. It is compulsory that the project should completed at least by the end of February and a
pre-submission LCD presentation and short synopsis should submitted to the panel of
experts in first week of March or date decided by the department.
21. Aims and objectives of the project, Abstract, Introduction, Literature Review, Materials
and methodology, Results and Observations, Discussion, conclusion and bibliography
(Webliography if applicable) are the compulsory components of the project report.
22. Tables and graphs should be made using Microsoft excel and data should be interpreted
using biostatistical tools only.
23. Photograph courtesy should be acknowledged if any photograph from external sources is
used. Other Instructions for writing the project report would be provided at appropriate
time.
24. It is compulsory to submit a hard bound copy of the Project report to the department
along with the soft copy for the college website.
25. If any data from the project is published, it should be informed and a copy of the
published work should be submitted to the department.
26. Project shall be assessed by the external examiner as single authority or along with an
internal examiner.
27. Credits (4+1) for the project will be added only in the mark sheet of semester-4 and
consolidated mark sheet.
References:
Cell Biology
1. Cell and molecular biology, 1988, De Robertis EDP and De Robertis EME, Molt
Saunders Inc
2. Cell biology, 1986, C. B. Powar, Himalaya Publi. House.
3. Cell and molecular biology, 1968, Dupraw I, Academic Press New York
4. Cell biology, 1986, Avers C.J. Addison Wesley Puub. Co. New York & London
5. Cell and molecular biology, 1996, G.Carp John Waley,USA
6. Cell biology, 1993, David E. Sadava Johnes and Bartlett Publi. London.
7. Cell Structure and Function, 1991, 3rd edn, A.G. Lowey & Siekevitz, J.R. Menninger
&J.A.N. Gallew, Saunder college Publi. Philadelphia
8. The Cell, A Molecular Approach – 6th Edition – Geoffrey M.Cooper/Robert .Hausman
Sinauer Associates, Inc.
9. Molecular Biology of the Cell - 5th Edition - Bruce Alberts et al - Garland Science
10. Molecular Cell Biology - 7th Edition - Harvey Lodish, Arnold Berk & Chris A.
KaiseW.H. Freeman
11. Lewin’s Cells – 2nd Edition – Cassimeris/Lingappa/Plopper – Johns & Bartlett
Publishers
12. Cell Biology, A Short Course – 3rd Edition – Stephen R.Bolsover et al – John Wiley &
Sons
13. Molecular Cell Biology” 5th Edition by Harvey Lodish, Arnold Berk, Paul Matsudaira,
Chris Kaiser, Monty Krieger, Matthew Scott, Lawrence Zipursky and James Darnell.W.H
Freeman and Company.
14. The Cell A Molecular Approach-Cooper-Hausman 15 Verma P.S. and Agarwal V.K.
(2016) Cell Biology (Cytology, Biomolecules, Molecular Biology), Paperback, S. Chand
and Company Ltd.
15. Kumar P. and Mina U. (2018) Life Sciences: Fundamentals and Practice, Part-I, 6th Edn,
Pathfinder Publication. p.608.
16. Hardin J. and Bertoni G. (2017) Becker’s World of the Cell. 9th Edn (Global Edition),
Pearson Education Ltd., p. 923
17. Karp G., Iwasa J. and Masall W. (2015) Karp's Cell and Molecular Biology – Concepts
and Experiments. 8th Edn. John Wiley and Sons. p.832.
18. Urry L.A. Cain M.L., Wasserman S.A., Minorsky P.V., Jackson R.B. and Reece J.B.
(2014) Campbell Biology in Focus. Pearson Education. p.1080.
19. Albert B., Hopkin K., Johnson A.D., Morgan D., Raff M., Roberts K. and Walter
P.(2018)
20. Essential Cell Biology 5th Edn., (paperback) W.W. Norton & Company p.864. Cooper
G.M. and Hausman R.E. (2016)
21. The Cell – A Molecular Approach, 7th Edn., Sinauer Associates Inc., p.832. , 22 Mason
K.A., Losos J.B. and Singer S.R. (2011)
22. Raven and Johnson’s Biology. 9th Edn. Mc Graw Hill publications. p.1406. 23 Alberts
B., Johnson B., Lewis J., Morgan D., Raff M., Roberts K. and Walter P. (2015)
23. Molecular biology of cell, 6th edn., Garland Science, Taylor and Francis, p. 1465, 24
Challoner J. (2015)
24. The Cell: A visual tour of the building block of life, The University of Chicago Press and
Ivy Press Ltd., p.19325 Lodish, et al.
25. Molecular Cell Biology. 5th ed. New York, NY: W.H. Freeman and Company, 2003.
ISBN: 978071674366
26. Human Molecular Genetics 4 Tom Strachan, Andrew P. Read Garland Science/Taylor&
Francis Group, 27 Becker, Kleinsmith, and Hardin. (2003)
27. The World of the Cell (Fifth Edition) Benjamin Cummings: San Francisco.28 Alberts B,
Bray D, Lewis J, Rabt M, Robert K and J.D.Watson. (1989)
28. Molecular Biology of Cell, II Edn. Garland Publishing Corp. Inc. London., L. Harvey, B.
Arnold, Z.S. Lawrence, M. Paul, D. Baltimore, J.E. Darnell. 1999.
29. Molecular Cell Biology, W. H. Freeman & Co, New York, USA.
30. The Cell: Molecular Approach, G.M. Cooper. ASM Press, Washington, D.C. USA.2000
31. Cell Biology Protocols.J.R. Harris, J. M. Graham, D. Rickwood, J Wiley and Sons
Inc.2006
Cytogenetics
1. An Introduction to Genetic Analysis, 7th edition Anthony JF Griffiths, Jeffrey H Miller,
2. David T Suzuki, Richard C Lewontin, and William M Gelbart. New York: W. H.
Freeman; 2000. ISBN-10: 0-7167-3520-2
3. Genetics: A Conceptual Approach by Benjamin A Pierce (W.H. Freeman & Co. Ltd
4. 2014 ISBN-13: 9781464109461
5. Introduction to Genetics: A Molecular Approach T A Brown Edition:1st Garland
Science Taylor & Francis Group ISBN: 9780815365099
6. Concepts of Genetics by William S. Klug, Michael R. Cummings, Charlotte A. Spencer
7. 2005 Benjamin-Cummings Publishing Company ISBN 0131918338 (ISBN13:
9780131918337)
8. Genetic Analysis: An Integrated Approach by Mark Frederick Sanders, John L. Bowman
9. 2014 2nd edition ISBN: 0321948904/ ISBN-13: 9780321948908
10. Drosophila: A Laboratory Handbook by Michael Ashburner Cold Spring Harbor
Laboratory Press,U.S.; 2nd ed. edition ISBN-13: 978-1936113699
11. Theory and Problems of Genetics (Schaum's Outline Series) by William Stansfield Mc-
Graw-Hill Book Company
12. Human Heredity: Principles and Issues. Cummings, M.R. (2009). Pacific Grove,
CA:Brooks/Cole.
13. Human Genetics: A.G. Motulsky and F. Vogel (1986)
14. Human Genetics: Gardner, A. and Davies, T. (2009). Scion Publishing, 2nd ed.
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New York, 8th ed.
16. Human Genetics — The Basics. Lewis, R. (2011). Routledge, London
17. Genetics -A Conceptual Approach by Benjamin A. Pierce
18. Genome organization and function in the cell nucleus; edited by Karsten Rippe
WileyVCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Germany.2012.
19. Bacterial Genomics: Genome Organization and Gene Expression Tools by Aswin
SaiNarain Seshasayee, Publisher: Cambridge University Press (2015) ISBN-
10:1107079837.
20. Genomes. 2nd edition. Brown TA. Oxford: Wiley-Liss; 2002.
21. Organization of the Prokaryotic Genome by Robert L. Charlebois ASM Press, 1999.
22. Molecular Biology of the Cell. 4th edition by Alberts B, Johnson A, Lewis J, et al.
NewYork: Garland Science; 2002
23. The Cell: A Molecular Approach. 2nd edition. by Cooper GM. Sunderland
(MA):Sinauer Associates; 2000.
24. DNA Damage Repair, Repair Mechanisms and Aging by Allison E. Thomas
NovaScience Publisher's, 2010.
25. Chromosomal Translocations and Genome Rearrangements in Cancer by Janet D.
Rowley, Michelle M. Le Beau, Terence H. Rabbitts Springer International Publishing,
2015.
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publisher garland Science.
28. Human Chromosomes Authors: Orlando J. Miller &Eeva Therman 4th edition.
29. Chromosome Techniques (Third Edition) Theory and Practice Author(s): Arun
KumarSharma and Archana Sharma.
30. The Cell: A Molecular Approach by Goeffrey Cooper and Robert Hausmann
31. Cell & Molecular Biology. E.D.D De Robertis & E.M.F De Robertis, Waverly
publication.
32. Chromosomal Translocations and Genome Rearrangements in Cancer by Janet D.
Rowley, Michelle M. Le Beau, Terence H. Rabbitts Springer International Publishing,
2015.
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College Publishing, Harcourt Brace College Publishers, N.Y. 1999
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Ltd. London. 1976
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Publishing Company, N.Y and Toranto 1999
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175:29-90. 1997
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R.C and W.M.Gelbart. W.H.Freeman and Company, N.Y.1996s
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Publishers
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Plenum Press, N.Y (1971-76)
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Rev.Genet. 16:225-272., 1982
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46. Principles of Genetics, Snustad D.P and M.J.Simons., John Wiley and Sons Inc.
N.Y.1997
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48. Molecular biology of gene. , Watson J.D, Hopkins, N.H, Roberts J.A, Steitz and A. M.
Weiner. The Benjamin Cummings Publishing Co Inc.1987
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50. Molecular cloning, A Laboratory Manual Vol. I- III. (Fourth edition), M.R. Green and
J.Sambrook, 2012.
B. K. BIRLA COLLEGE OF ARTS, SCIENCE AND
Syllabus for M.Sc. Part-I
Program M.Sc.
Course: Zoology
Semester I and II

M.Sc.
Programme outcomes
PO PO Description
A student completing postgraduation in Science (M.Sc.) will be able
to attain the following
PO3 Postgraduates with varied but interrelated and interdisciplinary academic
background will be produced to serve as human resources. The
knowledge of basic and applied/novel disciplines of the subject will aid
in professional growth


PO7 Life-long Learning: Recognize the need for and have the preparation and
ability to engage in independent and lifelong learning in the broadest
context of Subject and beyond through various Online platforms.
Program Specific Outcome:
M.Sc. Zoology with Biotechnology-Endocrinology as specialization is the unique combination

offered by the Department of Zoology, B. K. Birla College. The specialization presents dual
advantage of learning the applications of modern biology along with classical branch of zoology.
Students will be introduced to theoretical and practical aspects of biotechnology as well as
endocrinology.
The skill acquired by the students during the two years of this program will make them proficient
in their practical skills which will create better understanding among them about the related theory
units.
The specialization offered also aims to empower students in creating job opportunities or to start
an entrepreneur endeavor of their own. The first two semesters having common syllabus with
another specialization under Zoology will prepare students for the specialization of their choice.
Learning Biotechnology will provide an insight to the students in national problems and the
methods to mitigate them, such as agricultural pest management, production of fortified crop, solid
waste management by the ways of biomass utilization, bioremediation for pollution control etc.
Industrial applications of Biotechnology and its use in health sector such as pharmaceutical
productions, vaccine productions, enzyme technology taught in the syllabus will provide multiple
job opportunities to the students.
Endocrinology will deal with invertebrate and vertebrate endocrine systems and hormone biology.
Detailed knowledge in Endocrinology will help students in understanding the role of endocrine
disruptors in causing hormonal disorders, infertility etc. Students will be able to take the
counseling as a profession in the fields of fertility-infertility clinics. Students will understand the
principles behind this subject which will help them in acquiring jobs in the field of clinical
endocrinology, embryology and IVF.
Continuous internal assignment is a part of the evaluation system in this program; it will maintain
the continuity in teaching and learning process.
M.Sc. –I Zoology Semester I
Proposed Course Unit Topics Proposed Changes in Topics Credits Lectures/
Code Week
Phylogeny Systematics Comparative Anatomy- I
I of non-chordates and 1
assorted topicsI
Phylogeny, systematics
of non-chordates,
BPSZOO101 II Developmental Biology –I 1
Hemichordata&
Essentials of 04
Assorted Topics
Zoology-I
Phylogeny, systematic Systematics, Taxonomy and
III of chordates and Phylogeny 1
Assorted topics -I
Comparative vertebrate Laboratory Culture of Small
IV 1
osteology- I Organisms
Biomolecules-a Biochemistry
I structural and functional 1
approach- I
Biochemical Bioenergetics
BPSZOO102 II 1
Thermodynamics
Biochemistry and 04
Metabolic Pathways Metabolism –I
Physiology-I
III and integration of 1
Metabolism- I
Regulation of Mammalian Physiology –I
IV 1
metabolism
Genetics–Chromosome Molecular Biology – I
I theory of inheritance 1
and Mendelism- I
Genetics Extension of Animal Cell Biotechnology
BPSZOO103
Modern Concepts II 04 1
Non-Mendelian
in Zoology-I
inheritance-I
III Evolution- I Genetics 1
Developmental Recombinant DNA Technology
IV 1
Biology- I
Principles and Instrumentation-I
applications of
I Microtomy, 1
microscopy,
centrifugation
Principle and Histopathological and
BPSZOO104
applications of Biochemical Techniques
Techniques and II 1
radioisotopes & 04
Methodologies in
extraction techniques
Zoology-I
Principles and Introduction to Nano-
III applications of Biotechnology 1
spectroscopy
Good laboratory Ecotoxicology
IV practices & research 1
methodology-I
B. K. Birla College of Arts, Science and Commerce, (Autonomous), Kalyan
M.Sc. –I Zoology Semester- II
Proposed Course Unit Topics Proposed Changes Credits Lectures
Code /Week
Phylogeny, systematics of
Comparative Anatomy- II
I non-chordates and assorted 1
topics-II
BPSZOO201 Phylogeny of Protochordates, Developmental Biology –II
II 1
Essentials of Agnatha& Assorted Topics
04
Zoology-II Phylogeny, systematics of Fundamentals of Histology and
III chordates and assorted Endocrinology 1
topics‐ II
Comparative vertebrate Fundamentals of Cell Biology
IV 1
osteology‐ II
Biomolecules‐ a structural Enzymology
I 1
and functional approach‐ II
Chemical Messengers and Cell
BPSZOO202 Enzymes and Enzyme
II Signaling 1
Biochemistry and kinetics
04
Physiology-II
Metabolic Pathways and Metabolism –II
III 1
integration of Metabolism‐ II
Mammalian Physiology –II
IV Inborn errors of Metabolism 1
Genetics–Chromosome Molecular Biology – II
I theory of inheritance and 1
Mendelism ‐ II
Genetics‐ Extension of Genome Projects
BPSZOO203
Modern Concepts II 1
Non‐Mendelian inheritance‐ 04
in Zoology-II
II
Genetic Counseling
III Evolution‐ II 1
Bioinformatics
IV Developmental Biology‐II 1
Principles and applications of Instrumentation-II
I 1
chromatography‐ I
Principles and applications of Intellectual Property Rights and
chromatography‐II (Gel Patents
BPSZOO204 II 1
chromatography and affinity
Techniques and
chromatography)
Methodologies in 04
Principles and applications of Biostatistics
Zoology-II
chromatography &
III 1
Electrophoresis (GC,
HPTLC, Electrophoresis
Good laboratory practices & Research Methodology
IV 1
Research methodology‐ II
M.Sc. –I Zoology
Syllabus
Semester -I
Number
Paper I Essentials of Zoology-I BPSZOO101 04
I Comparative Anatomy- I (100M)
II Developmental Biology –I
III Systematics, Taxonomy and Phylogeny
IV Laboratory Culture of Small Organisms
(50M)
Paper II Biochemistry and Physiology-I BPSZOO102 04

I Biochemistry (100M)
II Bioenergetics
III Metabolism –I
IV Mammalian Physiology –I
(50M)
Paper III Modern Concepts in Zoology-I BPSZOO103 04

I Molecular Biology – I (100M)
II Animal Cell Biotechnology
III Genetics
IV Recombinant DNA Technology
(50M)
Paper IV Techniques and Methodologies in Zoology-I BPSZOO104 04

I Instrumentation-I (100M)
II Histopathological and Biochemical Techniques
III Introduction to Nano-Biotechnology
IV Ecotoxicology
(50M)
M.Sc. –I Zoology
Syllabus
Semester –II
Number
I Comparative Anatomy- II (100M)
(50M)

I Enzymology (100M)
(50M)

II Genome Projects
IV Bioinformatics
(50M)

III Biostatistics
(50M)
SEMESTER-I
Title:Essentials of Zoology-I
COURSE CODE: BPSZOO101 Credit: 4(100M)
Course Outcome:
process. They will be able interpret the fate map and the morphogenetic movements etc.
3. Students will understand the principle of classification and systematic. They will be able to
identify the animals based on their characters and also to construct the cladogram.
4. Students will learn to maintain and culture the small animals in the laboratory.
Unit Total
(60)
I COMPARATIVE ANATOMY of Vertebrates- I 15L
1.1 Integumentary system of vertebrates: fishes, amphibians, reptiles, birds
and mammals
1.1.1 Structure of amphibian skin
1.1.2 Structure of mammalian skin
1.1.3 Derivatives of integuments: Scales, feathers, hair, beak, claws, nails,
hoofs, horns, antlers and glands associated with skin.
1.2 Digestive system of vertebrates: fishes, amphibians, reptiles, birds and
mammals
1.2.1 Digestive tube and its evolution
1.2.2 Primary divisions of the tube
1.2.3 Tooth structure and position, teeth in lower vertebrates, mammalian
dentition
1.2.4 Study of digestive system in aves (Pigeon)
1.2.5 Study of digestive system in mammals (Rat/Rabbit/Cattle/Man)
1.3 Circulatory system of vertebrates: fishes, amphibians, reptiles, birds and
mammals
1.3.1 Evolution of heart
1.3.2 Types of heart
1.3.3 Aortic arches
1.3.4 Venous, portal (Hepatic portal and renal portal systems, e.g. Frog) and
Lymphatic systems in vertebrates.
1.3.5 Open and closed circulation.
Single and double circulation
II DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY –I 15L

2.1 Basic concepts in developmental biology:
2.1.1 Cell fate, cell lineage and commitment
2.1.2 Mosaic and regulatory development
2.1.3 Pattern formation and compartments
2.1.4 Morphogenesis and cell adhesion: Differential cell affinity, cadherins and
catenins, sorting out of embryonic tissue and cell recognition, cell
differentiation and totipotency, stem cell.
2.2 Factors affecting cellular differentiation:
2.2.1 Nucleo-cytoplasmic interaction
2.2.2 Mechanism of gene action during cell differentiation
2.2.3 Maintenance of differentiation
2.3 Cell Specialization: RBC, secretory cells, retinal rod cells
2.4 Organizer and its role in embryonic development
2.5 Primary embryonic induction
2.6 Developmental gradients: Developmental gradients in hydra, Maternal
effect genes and axial gradients in drosophila development.
III SYSTEMATICS, TAXONOMY AND PHYLOGENY 15L

3.1 Systematics: Definition and types (Numerical systematics, Biochemical
Systematics and experimental systematics).
3.2 Taxonomy: Definition and taxonomic characters (morphological,
physiological, molecular, behavioral, ecological and geographical
characters).
3.3 Basis of Classification (Five fundamental basis), six kingdom
classification, rules of binomial nomenclature.
3.4 Phylogeny: Definition, significance in evolutionary studies, Cladistics,
molecular phylogeny
IV LABORATORY CULTURE OF SMALL ORGANISMS 15L

4.1 Use of live animals in laboratory- Ethical issues.
Need of small culturing small organisms in laboratory.
4.2 Bacterial culture- E. coli culture, Types of Culture Media required,
doubling time, use of E. coli in experiments.
4.3 Paramecium Culture:Collection and isolation of paramecium from the
sample water, Establishing the pure culture of paramecium.
4.3 Hydra culture:
Hydra Biology: Ecology and behavior
Types of Culture media and other laboratory conditions, doubling time,
use of hydra in experiments,
4.4 Vermiculture: Earthworm biology: Ecology, behavior and types of
earthworms used in culture, Methods of culture, Use of earthworm in
experiments, commercial use
4.5 Drosophila Culture: Drosophila Biology: Ecology, behavior, species
Methods of culture, use in experiments.
4.6 Daphnia Culture: Daphnia Biology: Ecology, behavior, species
Methods of culture, use in experiments, commercial use
References:
4. Systematics and Origin of species by Ernst Mayer
5. Introduction to Bioinformatics by Arther M. Lesk
6. Phylogenetic Systematics by Willi Henning
10. Biology of Protozoans by D.R. Khanna.
11. Hydra Research methods by Howard M. Lenhoff
13. Vermiculture Technology: Earthworms, Organic Wastes and Environmental management
by Clive A. Edwards, Norrman Q Arancon and Rhonda Sherman.
14. Laboratory methods in Microbiology by W.F. Harrigan and Margaret E. McCance
15. Manual for the Culture of Selected Freshwater Invertebrates by Lawrence, S.G.
M.Sc.-1, Semester -1 BPSZOOP1 , Paper I Practical-I Credit-2 (50M)

1. Study of types of fish scales (Mounting): Placoid, Ctenoid and cycloid scales
2. Study of types of feathers and their arrangement as per their position (Diagrams/ Students
should collect the fathers) and other integumentary derivatives: beak, claws, nails, hoofs,
horns, antlers, glands associated with skin and T.S. of skin of frog and mammals (Rat or
human)
3. Study of T.S. of tooth, ruminant stomach of cattle, gizzard in birds.
4. Study of types of heart and Study of L.S. of avian heart (Chicken heart)
5. Study of aortic arches and portal systems
5. Study of morphogenetic movements in chick embryo
6. Mounting of 72 hrs. Of chick embryo for study of development of eye vesicle.
7. Retrieval of data for the given protein and construction of cladogram
8. Study of given cladogram and finding the phylogenetic relation between the organisms
9. Study of binomial nomenclature
10. Study of growth curve in E.coliI.
11. Study of cyclosis, irritability and chemotaxis in paramecium.
12. Study of Morphological characters of drosophila.
13. Study of different species of earthworms used in vermiculture and study of cocoon.
1. Observe ten birds around your residential area and make a report on their food and feeding habits and adaptations to the
surrounding based on the types of their feathers, beaks and claws and submit the report.
2. Make permanent slides of chick embryo for 24, 48, 72 and 96 hrs. and make a report on their special developmental
features.
3. Construct the cladogram for given animals (any four) based on the specific protein sequences provided.
4. Establish and maintain the culture of Paramecium/Earthworm/E. coli/Drosophila/Daphnia. Write the methodology and
make the presentation.
5. Presentations on any topic from comparative anatomy-1, six kingdom classification, binomial nomenclature etc.
MSc. Semester-I
Q.1 Make a permanent mounting of the chick embryo and comment on its 12
developmental status
OR
Q.1 Retrieve the data of the given protein and trace the phylogeny of the given 12
animals using appropriate tool for drawing the cladogram
OR
Q.1 Identify (Giving reasons) and arrange the given specimens of heart as per their 12
evolutionary sequence. Take the L.S. of the specimen given and draw its neat
and labeled diagram.
Q.2 Identify the type of feathers provided and arrange them in the order of their 06
position and write their functions
OR
Q.2 Mount the scales from the given specimen/material identify their type and 06
draw the diagrams
OR
Q.2 Demonstrate morphogenetic movement in the given chick embryo 06
Q.3 Demonstrate cyclosis/ Irritability/Chemotaxis in paramecium 06

OR
Q.3 Mount the given organism (daphnia) and locate its heart 06
OR
Q.3 Identify the morphological variants of drosophila and describe their 06
phenotypic characters
OR
Q.3 Study the given cladogram and answer the questions asked. 06
Q.4 Identify and describe the given specimens/material/Picture etc. (any 8): beak, 16
claws, nails, hoofs, horns, antlers, glands associated with skin and T.S. of skin
of frog and mammals (Rat or human), T.S. of tooth, ruminant stomach of
cattle, gizzard in birds, aortic arches and portal systems, cocoon

Title:Biochemistry and Physiology-I
Course Outcome:
1. Students will understand the principles of biochemistry, methods of buffer preparation,
importance of physiological buffers and their role in maintaining homeostasis.
2. Students will understand the importance of electron transport system and oxidative
phosphorylation and its importance in the production of high energy compounds
3. Students will understand carbohydrate metabolism in detail and its regulation
4. Students will learn about the structure and physiology of digestive system and excretory
systems.
Unit Total
(60)
I BIOCHEMISTRY 15L
1.1 Water: the basic molecule of Life
1.1.2 Ionization of water, weak acids and weak bases
1.2 Henderson-Hasselbalch equation
1.3 Dissociation constant of weak acids and weak bases
1.4 Titration curve and pKa of weak acids
1.5 Biological buffers- maintenance of blood pH
1.5.1 Blood buffers-1. Bicarbonate buffer, 2. Phosphate buffer, 3. Protein buffer
1.6 Water balance
1.6.1 Water - turn over and balance
1.7 Electrolyte balance
1.7.1 Osmolarity and osmolality of body fluids, regulation of electrolyte balance
1.8 Acid-base balance
1.8.1 Disorders of acid-base balance
II BIOENERGETICS 15L
2.1 High energy compounds: ATP, ADP, ATP‐ADP cycle, ATP‐AMP ratio
2.2 Biological oxidation: Electron transport chain and mitochondria
2.3 Oxidative phosphorylation - Mechanism, uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation
and its significance.
2.4 Bioenergetics, coupled reaction, group transfer, biological energy transducers
2.5 Free radicals, antioxidants and antioxidant system
III METABOLISM–I 15L

3.1 Metabolism: Concept, Definitions, Catabolism, Anabolism.
3.2 Integration of Metabolism
3.2.1 Energy demand and supply; Integration of major metabolic pathways of energy
metabolism
3.2.2 Overview of
intermediary metabolism; organ specialization and metabolic integration,
metabolism in starvation
3.3 Carbohydrate Metabolism
3.3.1 Glycolysis: Reaction sequence, flow of carbon, conversion of pyruvate to lactate
AndAcetyl coenzyme-A, significance of pyruvate- lactate interconversion
3.3.2 Aerobic and anaerobic glycolysis and energetics of glycolysis; Regulation of
glycolysis
3.3.3 Gluconeogenesis: Reaction sequence from pyruvate, gluconeogenesis from amino
acids, glycerol, propionate, lactate. Regulation of gluconeogenesis.
3.3.4 Glycogen metabolism: Glycogenesis, Glycogenolysis. Regulation of two pathways
3.3.5 Significance of following pathway; Hexose monophosphate shunt as a multifunctio
nal pathway; Uronic Acid Pathway; Glyoxalate cycle.
3.4 Regulation of metabolism
3.4.1 Regulation of metabolic flux by genetic mechanisms
Control of enzyme synthesis, regulatory proteins-Helix turn Helix, Zinc Fingers,
Leucine Zippers
3.4.2 Regulation of metabolism by extracellular signals: nutrient supply, nutrient
transport,Endocrine control, neural control.
IV MAMMALIAN PHYSIOLOGY–I 15L

4.1 Digestive system
4.1.1 Gastrointestinal tract and accessory digestive organs
4.1.2 Phases of digestion; deglutition
4.1.3 Digestion in mouth, stomach, small intestine and large intestine
4.1.4 Absorption in small intestine and large intestine; regulation of digestive functions
4.2 Excretory system
4.2.1 Kidneys and Nephron
4.2.2 Urine formation- Glomerular filtration, tubular reabsorption and tubular secretion
4.2.3 Hormonal regulation of Urine formation
4.2.4 Urine concentration- countercurrent multiplication and countercurrent exchange
4.2.5 Micturition, regulation of blood pressure, blood volume and acid base balance
REFERENCES
York; 2002
Learning); 2013
Eleventh Edition
(2018)
House Pvt. Ltd.
PRACTICAL-IICredit-2 (50M)
BPSZOOP1
1. Preparation of buffers of different pH using Henderson‐Hasselbalch equation and its
verification using pH meter
2. Titration curve of strong acid v/s strong base
3. Determination of pKa of weak acid
4. Qualitative tests for carbohydrates and identification of the nature of carbohydrates in
the given sample:
a. Molisch’s test
b. Anthrone test
c. Iodine test
d. Barfoed’s test
e. Seliwanoff’s test
f. Fehling’s test
g. Benedict’s test
h. Picric acid test
i. Mucic acid test
j. Bial’s test.
5. Determination of glucose by Benedict’s method (volumetric method)
6. Determination of reducing sugars by 3,5‐dinitrosalicylic acid (colorimetric) method
7. Determination of glycogen in the given tissue (liver/ skeletal muscle/ kidney/ brain)
8. Acid and enzyme hydrolysis of glycogen and colorimetric estimation of the products
by 3,5‐DNSA method
9. Isolation of starch from potato
10. Determination of creatinine in serum and urine
1. Project based on various natural antioxidants and effect

M.Sc. Part-I Semester-I

Q. 1 Determination of glycogen in the given tissue (liver/ skeletal muscle/ kidney/ 12
brain)
OR
Q.1 Acid and enzyme hydrolysis of glycogen and colorimetric estimation of the 12
products by 3,5‐DNSA method
Q.2 Qualitative tests for carbohydrates and identification of the nature of 10

carbohydrates in the given sample:
OR
Q.2 Isolation of starch from potato 10
Q.3 Determination of reducing sugars by 3,5‐dinitrosalicylic acid (colorimetric) 10

method
OR
Q.3 Determination of glucose by Benedict’s method (volumetric method) 10
OR
Q.3 Determination of pKa of weak acid 10
Q.4 Preparation of buffers of different pH using Henderson‐Hasselbalch equation 08

and its verification using pH meter
OR
Q.4 Titration curve of strong acid v/s strong base 08
OR
Q.4 Determination of creatinine in serum and urine 08

Title:Modern Concepts in Zoology-I
Course Outcome:
1. Students will understand the central dogma, protein synthesis and gene regulation in
prokaryotes. They will also acquire the knowledge of gene mutation.
2. The students will understand the methods of animal cell culture and its requirement. They
will learn to maintain the aseptic conditions in the laboratory.
3. Students will learn the genetics of popular laboratory models. They will also learn the
techniques of karyotyping and banding techniques. Students will understand the genome
organization of virus and bacteria.
4. Students will learn details about the gene cloning methods.
Unit Total
(60)
I MOLECULAR BIOLOGY –I 15L
1.1 Molecular Biology-I
1.1.2 Transcription in Prokaryotes
1.1.3 Enzymatic synthesis of RNA
1.1.4 Classes of RNA molecules
1.2 Translation in Prokaryotes
1.2.1 Outline of Translation, Genetic code, Codons,
The decoding system- tRNA and Aminoacyl Synthetases
The cloverleaf structure of tRNA
The codon- anti-codon interactions
1.2.2 Chemical composition and physical structure of Prokaryotic Ribosomes
1.2.3 Protein synthesis- initiation, chain elongation and chain termination.
Post translational modification of protein, polysomes, couples transcription
and translation in prokaryotes.
1.3 Gene regulation in Prokaryotes
1.3.1 General aspects of gene regulation, general mechanisms of metabolic
regulation in bacteria, types of regulation of transcription
1.3.2 Operon Models- Lac operon, tryptophan operon
1.4 DNA mutation : Types, Mutagens
II Animal Cell Biotechnology 15L

2.1 Aseptic Techniques: General sterilization of glass ware and working place
Aseptic transfer of Media
2.2 Animal Cell culture
2.2.1 Introduction
2.2.2 Isolation of cells for cell culture- Trypsinization
2.2.3 Types of Culture: Primary, secondary , anchorage dependent and
independent cell lines and established cell lines
2.2.4 Cell culturing and dilution techniques: Spreading, viable count
2.2.5 Examples of established cell lines and mammalian cell lines
2.3 Culture Media: Natural, chemical, complex
2.3.1 Commonly used culture media
2.4 Hybridoma technology
2.5 Application of cell lines
III GENETICS 15L

3.1 Model systems in Genetic Analysis: Life cycle and advantages of
Bacteriophage, E. coli, yeast, Drosophila, C. elegans and Zebra fish
3.2 Cytoplasmic inheritance – Basis and mechanism, role of organellar genes.
3.3 Chromatin structure: Histones, DNA, nucleosome morphology and higher
level organization
3.4 Techniques in the study of chromosomes and their applications:
3.4.1 Short term (lymphocyte) and long term (fibroblast) cultures
3.4.2 Chromosome preparations
3.4.3 Karyotyping
3.4.4 Chromosome Banding
3.5 Genome organization in viruses, prokaryotes and eukaryotes:
3.5.5 Transposons.
IV Recombinant DNA Technology 15L

4.1 Enzymes involved in DNA recombination Techniques
Restriction enzymes with examples
Ligases - E. coli DNA ligase and T4 DNA ligase
Polynucleotide kinase, Phosphatases, DNA polymerases,
Reverse Transcriptase, Terminal Transferase.
4.1.2 Vectors:
General properties, advantages and disadvantages of cloning vectors.
plasmid vectors (pBR322), phage vectors (λ Phage), cosmid vectors, Yeast
Artificial chromosomes, Retrovirus,, SV 40 vectors
4.1.3 Special purpose vectors: Expression vectors, Secretion vectors, Bi-
functional vectors ( Shuttle vectors)
4.1.4 Host cells for cloning:
Prokaryotic hosts- Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis
Eukaryotic hosts - Saccharomyces cerevisiae
4.2.1 Cloning techniques:
Cloning after restriction digestion - blunt and cohesive end ligation
Creation of restriction sites using linkers and adapters,
Cloning after homopolymer tailing,
4.2.2 Methods of gene transfer:
Transformation, Transduction, By using chemicals (Calcium phosphate),
Electroporation, Liposome -mediated gene transfer, microinjection.
4.2.3 Selection of recombinants:
Insertional inactivation, Replica Plating

PRACTICAL-IIICredit-2 (50M)
BPSZOOP1
1. Isolation of Genomic DNA / E.coli DNA and its quantitative estimation
2. Setting Agarose gel for electrophoresis.
3. Isolation of Plasmid DNA / Genomic DNA of E.coli from the given strain of
bacteria (KIT Method) and show the purity of the isolate by Agarose Gel
electrophoresis ( Southern blotting Demonstration)
4. Culturing of Lymphocyte and Fibroblast
5. Aseptic transfer of media and wrapping techniques.
6. Preparation of LB agar plate, slant and butt
7. Determination of viable cell count in the culture of bacteria by dilution and
spreading method
8. Isolation of cells by Trypsinization
9. Problems based on:
a. Transcription
b. Translation
c. Restriction Digestion
10. Growth curves –E. coli
11. Identification based on genetics: life cycles of bacteriophage/ E. coli/ C. elegans /
drosophila/ zebra fish. Chromosome banding- And G banding
12. Identifying the genetic syndrome from the given Karyotype
13. Estimation of number of bacteria in the given culture- nephalometry
14. Replica plating technique
Presentations based on all 4 unit

M.Sc. Semester-I
Q.1 Isolate and quantify the genomic DNA / E.coli DNA from the given sample 14
OR
Q.1 Determine the purity of the given plasmid DNA / Genomic DNA of E.coli by
AGE and demonstrate the technique of southern blotting
OR
Q.1 Determine the number of viable cell in the given culture of bacteria by
dilution and spreading method
OR
Q.1 Estimate the number of bacteria in the given culture bynephalometry
Q.2 Demonstrate the aseptic transfer of media and wrapping technique. 10

OR
Q. 2 Separate the fibroblast cells from the given tissue by trypsinization
Q.3 Identification: (Any 04) 08

Life cycles of bacteriophage/ E. coli/ C. elegans / drosophila/ zebra fish /
Chromosome banding and G banding / genetic syndrome from the given
Karyotype
Q. 4 Solve the given Problems A and B (Transcription / Translation / Restriction 08

Digestion)

Title:Techniques and Methodologies in Zoology-I
Course Outcome:
1. Students will understand the principles of microscopy and spectroscopy. They will also
lean to use these instruments in their practical.
2. Students will learn the techniques and acquire the practical skills of histochemoical
preparation and localization of cell organelle and biomolecules.
3. Students will understand the concept in nanotechnology and learn to prepare the
bionanomaterial and their applications.
4. Students will become aware of the effects of anthropological interference with environment
and their mitigation.
Unit Total
(60)
I INSTRUMENTATION-I 15L
1.1 Microscopy: Principle and applications of Microscopy
1.1.1 Light microscopy
1.1.2 Phase contrast microscopy
1.1.3 Fluorescence microscopy
1.1.4 Polarization microscopy
1.1.5 Confocal scanning microscopy
1.1.6 Transmission electron microscopy
1.1.7 Scanning electron microscopy
1.2 Spectroscopy: Principle and applications of Spectroscopy
1.2.1 Ultraviolet and visible absorption spectroscopy
1.2.2 Fluorescence spectroscopy
1.2.3 Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy
1.2.4 IR and FTIR
1.2.5 Mass spectroscopy
1.2.6 Atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) and Atomic emission
spectroscopy (AES)
II HISTOPATHOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL TECHNIQUES 15L

2.1 Microtomy: Tissue fixation, dehydration, clearing, infiltration, embedding
for paraffin method, sectioning, mounting, staining‐ differential and
specific.
2.2 Principles and methods of histochemical localization and identification of
the following: Carbohydrate moieties, Glycogen and glycoproteins with
oxidizable vicinal diols by periodic acid Schiff method
2.3 Protein end groups General protein localization by bromophenol blue
method. NH2 groups by ninhydrin-Schiff method SS- groups by performic
acid –Schiff
2.4 Lipids moieties General lipids by Sudan black B method
Neutral lipids by Sudan III and Sudan IV methods. Differentiation of
neutral lipids from acidic lipids by Nile blue sulphate method
2.5 Nucleic acids: Methyl green pyronin-Y for DNA and RNA
Feulgen reaction for DNA
III INTRODUCTION TO NANO-BIOTECHNOLOGY 15L

3.1 Nanobiotechnology: Introduction, history, and Nano scale dimensions
3.1.1 Nanostructures: Types and composition
Carbon Based- Carbon nano-tubes, graphene, fullerene
Metal based, Protein based- and green nanoparticles
3.1.2 Preparation and characterization of bionanomaterials
Grindig/ high energy ball milling
3.1.3 Microfluidics in nanosciences
Nanopainting of DNA, RNA ,Protein , Biochips
3.1.4 Medical Applications of nano biotechnology
Drug delivery, bioimaging, anti- microbial properties
3.1.5 Bio-nano composites: Nanoparticles and microorganisms, Microbial
synthesis of nano- material, Biological Methods for Synthesis of nano-
emulsions using bacteria, Fungi and Actinomycetes
3.2 Characterization techniques: X-ray diffraction technique,Scanning Electron
Microscopy, Transmission Electron Microscopy including high-resolution
imaging,Surface Analysis techniques-AFM, SPM, STM, SNOM, ESCA,
SIMS, Nano-indentation, Small-angle X-ray and neutron scattering, DLS
Ellipsometer, Confocal microscopy
IV ECOTOXICOLOGY 15L
4.1 Definition and scope
4.2 Common Ecotoxicants -Natural and Artificial: (Source, chemical nature and
their effects)
4.2.1 Molds and Mycotoxins
4.2.2 Pesticides. (Organophosphates and organochlorides)
4.2.3 Heavy metals (Lead, Mercury, cadmium, Arsenic)
4.2.4 Chemicals used in personal hygiene, fragrance chemicals and domestic
detergents
4.2.5 Plasticizers (Phthalates)
4.2.6 Asbestos
4.2.7 Radioactive elements.
4.3 Major ecotoxicity related phenomena the chemicals involved:
4.3.1 Global Warming
4.3.2 Green House effect
4.3.3 Bioaccumulation and biomagnifiction
4.3.4 Acid Rain
4.4 Major international accidents having ecotoxicological effects
4.4.1 Chernobyl Incidance of Russia
4.4.2 Minamata incidence of Japan
4.4.3 Bhopal gas tragedy of India
4.4.4 Red tide incidence of Florida
4.5 Ecotoxicity testing and its prevention
4.5.1 Acute and chronic toxicity studies, LD50, LC50 and EC50 studies
4.5.2 OECD guidelines
4.5.3 Endocrine disruptor screening program.
4.5.4 Endangered species assessment
4.5.5 Ecotoxicity preventive majors
REFERENCES
1. ModernExperimentalBiochemistry: 3rdEd.RodneyBoyer,PearsonEducation.
2. PrinciplesandTechniquesofPracticalBiochemistry.WilsonandWalker,CambridgeUniv.Press.
Livingstone)
8. Pearse: Histo-chemistry: Theoretical and Applied (Vol. I, II & III) (4th ed 1980-1993,
12. Casarett and Doulls Toxicology – The basic science of poisons; Edited by Curtis Klaassen;
McGraw-Hill; 2001
13. A Textbook of Modern Toxicology, Ernest Hodgson, Patricia E. Levi, McGraw-Hill
International Edition, Second edition ,2000
14. Toxicological testing handbook – Principles, applications and data interpretation; David
Jacobson-Kram and Kit Keller; CRC Press; 2006
15. Principles and Methods of toxicology; A. Wallace Hayes; CRC Press; 2007
16. Toxicology – Principles and Methods; M.A. Subramanian; MJP Publishers, Chennai; 2004
17. Fundamentals of Toxicology; Kamleshwar Pandey and J.P. Shukla; New Central book
agency Ltd., Kolkata; 2011
18. Elements of Toxicology; Kamleshwar Pandey and J.P. Shukla; Wisdom Press, New Delhi;
2010
19. Principles and Applications of Toxicology; Lahir Y.K.; Seekay Publications; 2013
PRACTICAL IVCredit-2 (50M)
Sr.No.. Practicals based on BPSZOO104

1. Study of Microtomy:
a. Tissue preservation and fixation
b. Dehydration, infiltration, paraffin embedding
c. Block preparation and section cutting
d. Staining of sections/ribbon
2. Histochemical staining of the given specimens:
a. For carbohydrates using Periodic acid/Schiff’s method for neutral glycoproteins
b. For acidic glycoprotein using Alcian blue pH 2.5 method
c. For lipids using Sudan black B method / Sudan III method / Sudan IV method
d. For protein localization by bromophenol blue method
e. For Nucleic acids by Methyl green pyronin- Y for DNA and RNA
f. For DNA by Feulgen reaction
3. Verification of Beer Lamberts law and calculation of molar extinction coefficient of
a coloured chemical compound of known molecular weight
4. Use of UV spectrophotometry to determine the concentration of protein
5. Extraction of Heavy metals from fish tissue and Analysis of heavy metal using
6. Demonstration of IR and FTIR
7. Principle and working of compound microscopy with the help of permanent slides
8. Synthesis of nano particles by sonochemical method (TiO2/ ZnO / CdS)
9. Determination of surface area of nanoparticles by Methylene blue technique
10. Synthesis of nanoparticles by nsawball milling from biomaterial
11. Biogenesis of nano-particles by bacteria/ fungi–for development of Microbial Emulsion.
12. Identification and characterization of nanoparticles by XRD, SEM, TEM, TG-DTA
(only output analysis)
13. Effects of heavy metal on heart beats of Daphnia.
14. Effects of heavy metal /pesticides on daphnia /Zebra fish – LC 50 studies
15. Effects of heavy metal/ Pesticides on structure function relation of gills, fish liver,
fish kidney, fish muscles etc. (Using permanent slides – comparative studies of Normal and
treated samples)
16. Study of water quality from aneutrophicated pond or river (BOD, COD, Acidity, Alkalinity,
organic content, Nitrate-Nitrogen and Nitrite-Nitrogen contents).
Internal 40 Marks:
1. Writing a research proposal for the given topic
2. Writing a Research paper by using given data
M.Sc. Semester-I
Q.1 Extraction of Heavy metals from fish tissue and Analysis of heavy metal using 12
OR
Q.1 Verification of Beer lamberts law and calculation of molar extinction
coefficient of a coloured chemical compound of known molecular weight
OR
Q.1 Demonstrate the effect of given heavy metal /pesticides on daphnia /Zebra
fish – LC 50 studies
Q.2 Demonstrate synthesis of nano particles by sonochemical method (TiO2/ ZnO/ 10

CdS)
OR
Q.2 Determination of surface area of nanoparticles by Methylene blue technique
OR
Q.2 Demonstrate synthesis of nanoparticles by nsawball milling from biomaterial
OR
Q.2 Demonstrate biogenesis of nano-particles by bacteria/ fungi–for development
of Microbial Emulsion.
Q.3 Process the given tissue fora/b/cand submit report to the examiner 08
a. Embedding and block preparation
b. Trimming and preparation of ribbon
c. Staining the given slide
OR
Q.3 Histochemical staining of the given paraffin sections for (Any two)
a) acidic glycoprotein using Alcian blue pH 2.5 method
b) protein localization by bromophenol blue method
c) DNA by Feulgen reaction
d) Nucleic acids by Methyl green pyronin- Y for DNA and RNA
OR
Q.3 Demonstrate thermal Denaturation of DNA and Protein
OR
Q.3 Demonstrate the effect of heavy metal on heart beats of Daphnia.
Q.4 Estimate BOD / COD / Acidity / Alkalinity / Organic content / Nitrate-Nitrogen 10

/ Nitrite-Nitrogen contents of given eutrophicated pond or river water

SEMESTER-II
M.Sc. –I Zoology
Syllabus
Semester –II
Number
I Comparative Anatomyof Vertebrates- II (100M)
(50M)

I Enzymology (100M)
(50M)

II Genome Projects
IV Bioinformatics
(50M)

III Biostatistics
(50M)
Title: Essentials of Zoology-II
Course Outcome:
processes, programme cell death, mechanism of aging, metamorphosis and its hormonal
control.
3. Students will learn the structure and function of major apocrine, exocrine and endocrine
glands.
4. Students will understand the fundamentals of cell biology and structure-function of cell
organelle.
Unit Total
(60)
I COMPARATIVE ANATOMY of Vertebrates- II 15L
1.1 Respiratory system of vertebrates: fishes, amphibians, reptiles, birds and
mammals
1.1.1 Gills in cartilaginous and bony fish
1.1.2 Lungs of frog, birds and mammals
1.1.3 Mechanism of respiration in man
1.1.4 Accessory respiratory organs
1.1.5 Swim bladder
1.2 Nervous system of vertebrates: fishes, amphibians, reptiles, birds and
mammals
1.2.1 Central nervous system in vertebrates
1.2.2 Development of brain in vertebrates
1.2.3 Peripheral nervous system
1.3 Urogenital system of vertebrates: fishes, amphibians, reptiles, birds and
mammals
1.3.1 Types and development of kidneys
1.3.2 Structure of nephron
1.3.3 Urogenital ducts
1.3.4 Urinary bladder
II DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY –II 15L

2.1 Metamorphosis, regeneration and aging:
2.1.1 Metamorphosis: Retrogressive metamorphosis in ascidians and
amphibians, incomplete and complete metamorphosis in insects and their
hormonal control, metamorphosis in amphibians and its control.
2.1.2 Apoptosis : The programmed cell death
2.1.3 Aging: Senescence, life span and causes of aging
2.2 Developmental cycle and morphogenesis
2.2.1 Developmental cycle and morphogenesis
Dictyosteliumdiscoideum, life cycle, polarity, pattern formation and
morphogenesis, role of mitochondria in growth/ differentiation transition,
gene expression during cell growth.
2.2.2 Developmental cycle and morphogenesis of Drosophila melanogaster
2.2.3 Embryogenesis, gastrulation, larvae and metamorphosis
2.2.4 Maternal effect on genes and establishment of body plan, role of bicoid,
hunch back, nano and caudal genes.
2.2.5 Zygotic genes and establishment of anterior/ posterior body pattern
Parasegments- Gap genes, pair rule genes
Segmentation- segment polarity genes, homeotic and selector genes.
III FUNDAMENTALS OF HISTOLOGY AND ENDOCRINOLOGY 15L

3.1 Types of glands: Apocrine, Exocrine and endocrine (Definition and
functions)
3.2 Histology of digestive organs and associated digestive glands: Stomach,
Small intestine, large intestine, Salivary gland, liver, pancreas
3.3 Endocrine glands of human body: Position , histology and functions
3.4 Feedback mechanism: Hypothalamus- Pituitary – Thyroid axis
3.5 Histology of human skin, kidney, lungs, spleen, thymus
3.6 Histology of male and female reproductive organs and accessary
reproductive organs (Testis, ovary, seminal vesicles, prostate gland,
epididymis, placenta, uterus, mammary glands)
IV FUNDAMENTALS OF CELL BIOLOGY 15L

4.1 Types of cells and their structures
4.2 Cell wall formation and its functions
4.3 Cell membrane: Sandwich model, fluid mosaic model, functions of cell
membrane
4.4 Types of cell organelles of eukaryotic cells and their functions.
4.5 Endomembrane system
4.6 Eukaryotic nucleus and nuclear organizers
4.7 Giant Chromosomes
References:
8. Cell biology by C.B. Pawar.
9. Essential Cell biology by Bruce Alberts, Karen Hopkin, Alexander D Johnson
10. Electron Microscopy: Principles and fundamentals by S Amelinckx, D Van Dyck, J Van
Landuyt.
11. Vertebrate Endocrinology by David O Norris.
M.Sc.-1, Semester –II BPSZOOP2, Paper 1 Practical-I Credit-2(50M)
1. Study of respiratory organs: T.S. of gills of cartilaginous and bony fishes
(Slides/diagrams/Photographs). T.S. Lungs of Birds, T.S. of lungs of mammals
(Rat/human), Study of air sacs of pigeon (Videos and photographs)
2. Study of Brain of shark, frog, lizard, pigeon and rat and T.S. of Spinal Cord of Frog and
Mammals (Rat/Human) Using preserved slides or photographs.
3. Study of types of kidneys (Photographs). T.S. of avian Kidney, T.S. of mammalian
kidney.
4. Study of life cycle of Dictyosteliumdiscoideum(Using diagrams/Photographs)
5. Study of retrogressive metamorphosis in ascidians and salamander
6. Study of metamorphosis in frog and insects
7. Study of viable and dead cells from fibroblast culture.
8. An observational assessment method for aging laboratory rats from the given data
9. Study of stages in embryogenesis in drosophila (with help of pictures or culture if
available)
10. Study of T.S. of Salivary gland, liver, pancreas, endocrine glands, Testis, ovary, placenta,
prostate gland, seminal vesicles, epididymis, uterus , placenta, mammary glands, kidney,
skin, spleen, thymus, small and large intestine, stomach, lungs etc.
11. Mounting of bacterial cells from the given culture / Curd
12. Mounting of leucocytes to study eukaryotic cells.
13. Mounting of plant cells from dead and live regions of the plant to study the differences in
the cell wall.
14. Study of membrane permeability using suitable cells.
15. Study of electron micrographs to observe cell organelles.
16. Study of polytene chromosome (Identify and describe)
1. Presentations on the topics of Comparative anatomy -II

2. Make the permanent slides of Liver tissue from various animals (Fish, chicken and Goat) and submit the
report.
3. Make the permanent slides of Gills of cartilaginous fishes and bony fishes and submit the report.
4. Make the permanent slides lungs of birds and mammals and submit the report.
5. Make the permanent slides of Kidneys from fish, birds and mammals and submit the report.
MSc. Semester-II
Q.1 Mount the cells from the two cultures provided, make viability cell count and 10
find which culture is older. Show the dead cells under high power of
compound microscope.
OR
Q.1 Demonstrate membrane permeability for the given tissue sample 10
OR
Q.1 Make an observational assessment for aging laboratory rats from the given 10
data and write its analysis and plot the histograms.
Q.2 Mount the bacterial cells from the given culture 08

OR
Q.2 Mount the eukaryotic cells from the given sample of blood and comment on 08
the structure of nuclear morphology observed.
Q.3 Make the temporary mounting of given tissue and focus the cell membrane 04
OR
Q.3 Identify the cells and describe the status of the cell organelles in the given 04
micrograph
OR
Q.3 Identify and describe the given giant chromosome 04
Q. 4 Identify and describe (any seven): T.S. of gills of cartilaginous and bony 14
fishes (Slides/diagrams/Photographs). T.S. Lungs of Birds, T.S. of lungs of
mammals (Rat/human), Study of air sacs of pigeon (Videos and photographs),
Brain of shark, frog, lizard, pigeon and rat and T.S. of Spinal Cord of Frog and
Mammals (Rat/Human) Using preserved slides or photographs, types of
kidneys (Photographs), T.S. of avian Kidney, T.S. of mammalian kidney, T.S.
of Salivary gland, liver, pancreas, mammalian endocrine glands
Q.5 Identify and describe (any two):Stages in the life cycle of 04

Dictyosteliumdiscoideum(Using diagrams/Photographs), retrogressive
metamorphosis in ascidians and salamander, metamorphosis in frog and
insects, stages in embryogenesis in drosophila (with help of pictures or culture
if available).
Q.5 Viva and Journal 10

Title:Biochemistry and Physiology-II
Course Outcome:
1. Students will learn the classification, mechanism of action and kinetics of enzymes.
2. Students will understand the types of chemical messengers and their role in signaling.
3. Students will understand lipid and protein metabolism and their regulation and they will also learn
about inborn errors of metabolism.
4. Students will learn about the structure and physiology of nervous system and reproductive systems.
Unit Total
(60)
I ENZYMOLOGY 15L
1.1 Definition, nomenclature and classification (based on Enzyme Commission) of
enzymes, non-protein enzyme-ribozyme
1.2 Cofactors and coenzymes
1.3 The concept and properties of active site
1.3.1 Mechanism of enzyme action
1.4 Concept of activation energy
1.5 Enzyme kinetics, concept of steady state, enzyme assay
1.5.1 Derivation of Michaelis-Menten equation andLineweaver-Burk plot
1.5.2 Concept and significance of km, Vmax and kcat
1.6 Factors affecting enzyme activity – pH, temperature, enzyme concentration,
substrate concentration, inhibitors
1.7 Enzyme inhibitors – Reversible: Competitive, non-competitive, mixed inhibitors
and Irreversible inhibitors and their kinetics
1.8 Regulation of enzyme activity
1.8.1 Allosteric regulation
1.8.2 Activation of latent enzymes
1.8.2 Compartmentation of metabolic pathways
1.8.3 Control of enzyme synthesis
1.8.4 Enzyme degradation
1.9 Isozymes e.g. LDH
II CHEMICAL MESSSENGERS AND CELL SIGNALLING 15L

2.1 Chemical Messengers
2.1.1 Introduction, concept and classification
2.2 Neurotransmitters ad Neurosecretory substance
2.2.1 Acetyl catecholamine, Gama-amino butyric acid (GABA), Aspartic acid, Purine
ATP
2.3 Mode of working of transmitters and its regulation
2.4 Neurosecretory substances and a brief account of Neurosecretory system.
2.5 Cell Signaling
2.5.1 Hormones and their receptors, cell surface receptors
2.5.2 Second messenger hypothesis
2.5.3 G-protein coupled receptors, signal transduction pathway, regulation of signaling
pathway
2.5.4 Receptor tyrosine kinases.
2.6 Cellular communication
2.6.1 General principles of cell communication
2.6.2 Cell adhesion molecules, Integrin
III METABOLISM–II 15L

3.1 Lipid metabolism
3.1.1 Lipid digestion, absorption and transport
3.1.2 Biosynthesis of fatty acids and triacylglycerols
3.1.3 Fatty acid oxidation and regulation of fatty acid metabolism
3.1.4 Ketone bodies and their oxidation
3.1.5 Biosynthesis of phospholipids and cholesterol
3.2 Protein metabolism
3.2.1 Amino acid pool, amino acid biosynthesis
3.2.2 Transamination; oxidative and non-oxidativedeamination; metabolism of branched
chain amino acids; fate of carbonskeleton of amino acids.
3.2.3 Urea cycle
3.3 Inborn errors of metabolism
3.3.1 Carbohydrate metabolism: Glycogen storage disease, G‐6‐PD deficiency
3.3.2 Lipid metabolism: Metabolic disorders of cerebrosides
3.3.3 Protein metabolism: PKU, Albinism, Cysteinurea
3.3.4 Purine metabolism: Primary Gout
IV MAMMALIAN PHYSIOLOGY–II 15L

4.1 Nervous system
4.1.1 Gross neuroanatomy of brain and spinal cord
4.1.2 Neurons and electrical signals and transmission in synapses
4.1.3 Central and peripheral nervous system
4.1.4 Reflex and reflex arcs
4.1.5 Blood brain barrier and CSF
4.1.6 Sense organs- vision, hearing and tactile response
4.2 Respiratory system
4.2.1 Respiratory organs
4.2.2 Mechanics of pulmonary ventilation
4.2.3 Lung volume and capacity
4.2.4 Transport and exchange of gases
4.2.5 Control of respiration- respiratory center and its regulation
4.3 Cardiovascular system
4.3.1 Heart- anatomy, valves, circulation of blood and cardiac conduction.
4.3.2 ECG- principle and significance
4.3.3 Cardiac cycle, Cardiac output
4.3.4 Blood vessels ,blood pressure and control and hormonal regulation of blood
pressure
4.3.4 Lymphatic system
REFERENCES
York; 2002
Learning); 2013
Eleventh Edition
(2018)
House Pvt. Ltd.

PRACTICAL-II V Credit-2(50M)
BPSZOOP2
1 Determination of acid value of fats/ oils
2 Determination of saponification value of fats/ oils
3 Determination of total cholesterol and HDL cholesterol from serum
4 Qualitative tests for amino acids and Proteins:
a. Ninhydrin test
b. Xanthoproteic test
c. Millon’s test
d. Biuret test
5 Colorimetric estimation of protein by Peterson‐Lowry method
6 Quantitative estimation of amino acids using ninhydrin reagent
7 Isolation of casein from milk and its confirmatory test
8 Detection of conformation of BSA by viscosity measurement and effect of varying
concentration of urea on viscosity of BSA
9 Determination of specific activity of enzyme succinate dehydrogenase (SDH)

1. Isolation and assay of some naturally occurring enzymes

M.Sc. Part-I Semester-II
Q. 1 Colorimetric estimation of protein by Peterson‐Lowry method 12

OR
Q.1 Quantitative estimation of amino acids using ninhydrin reagent 12
OR
Q.1 Determination of specific activity of enzyme succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) 12
Q.2 Detection of conformation of BSA by viscosity measurement and effect of 10

varying concentration of urea on viscosity of BSA
OR
Q.2 Determination of saponification value of fats/ oils 10
Q.3 Qualitative tests for amino acids and Proteins 08
Q.4 Determination of acid value of fats/ oils 10

OR
Q.4 Isolation of casein from milk and its confirmatory test 10
OR
Q.4 Determination of total cholesterol and HDL cholesterol from serum 10

Title: Modern Concepts in Zoology-II
Course Outcome:
1. Students will understand the protein synthesis and gene regulation in eukaryotes. They will
also acquire the knowledge of DNA damage and its repair.
2. Students will understand the history and learn about the findings of human genome
sequencing and its application.
3. Students will learn the methods and importance of genetic counseling and also learn the
use of modern methods in pedigree analysis.
4. Students will come to know about the various data bases, methods of retrieving the data, its
analysis and interpretation. Students will learn to construct a phylogenetic tree.
Unit Total
(60)
I Molecular Biology –II 15L
1.1 Molecular Biology-II
1.1 Transcription in Eukaryotes
1.1.1 The transcription unit concept
1.1.2 Classes of RNA molecules, RNA polymerases and promoters
1.1.3 Hypersensitive sites, upstream activation sites, enhancers
1.1.4 Post transcriptional modifications- structure of 5’ - 3’ termini of eukaryotic
mRNA molecules, Caps and Tails Splicing
1.2 Translation in Eukaryotes
1.2.1 Differences between Protein synthesis in Eukaryotes and prokaryotes
1.3 Gene regulation in Eukaryotes
1.3.1 Important differences in the genetic organization of prokaryotes and
eukaryotes
1.3.2 Regulatory strategies of genes in Eukaryotes- at transcriptional and
translational level
1.4 DNA damage and repair.
II Genome Projects 15L

2.1 Human Genome Project:
2.1.1 Scopes and Goals of the project.
The features of human genome
2.2 Techniques used in human genome project
2.2.1 Genetic linkage maps, sequencing of DNA- chromosome walking
2.2.3 Physical Maps and sequence tagged sites
2.2.4 RFLPs and its uses
2.3 Mapping human diseases
2.4 Variations in human Genome- HapMap Project
2.5 The 1000 genome project: To focus genetic variation and diseases
2.6 ENCODE Project: To find out the functional elements
III Genetic Counseling 15L

3.1 Introduction and scope of genetic counseling
3.2 Genetic counseling – Processes
3.3 Genetic testing – Carrier testing , prenatal testing , preimplantation testing
3.4 Pedigree analysis – Symbols and preparation of Pedigree chart for
autosomal and sex linked dominant and recessive traits.
3.5 Role of RFLP in pedigree analysis
3.6 Problems in pedigree
IV Bioinformatics 15L
4.1 Introduction to bioinformatics:
4.1.1 Nature, scope and Branches of Bioinformatics
4.2 Biological Databases in Bioinformatics
4.2.1 Sequence databases and Structure databases
4.2.2 General overview of NCBI , Genbank , DDBJ , EMBL , UNI-PROT ,
PROSITE , RCSB - PDB , PIR – PSD
4.2.3 Literature data bases- OMIM , PubMed
4.2 Sequence alignment
4.2.1 Bioinformatics tools - BLAST and FASTA
4.2.2 Pairwise sequence alignment: Global and Local alignment
4.2.3 Multiple Sequence alignment (MSA): Eg: Clustal W , Clustal X
4.3 Sequence visualization and Structure Visualization tools
4.3.1 ORF Finder, Swiss PDB Viewer, Rasmol,Cn3D, Phymol.
4.4 Molecular Phylogenetics
4.4.1 Construction of phylogenetic trees: Distance Based Methods- Clustering
and Optimality based Methods
4.5 Applications of Bioinformatics
PRACTICAL-IIICredit-2(50M)
BPSZOOP2
1 Quantitative estimation of RNA by standard graph method
2 Construction of Pedigree chart and pedigree analysis of given charts
3 Identification:
a. Pedigree symbols
b. Prenatal test
4 Literature survey of diseases from OMIM and Pub Med
5 Retrieving Protein sequences from Uni-Prot
5 Retrieving DNA data from NCBI
6 Pairwise Sequence Analysis- BLAST
7 Multiple Sequence Analysis- Clustal W
8 Studying the 3D structure of protein using- Rasmol, Cn3D
9 Construction of cladogram
10 Report writing: Genome projects
Suggestions for 40 marks internals:To establish and maintain a Drosophila culture in the laboratory, To identify
various mutations in Drosophila and record of various crosses and submission of report

M.Sc. Semester-II
Q.1 Quantitative estimation of RNA by standard graph method 14

OR
Q.1 Construction of Pedigree chart of given data/ Analyze the given pedigree chart
and comment
OR
Q.1 Retrieve the sequence of the given proteins / genes and construct the
cladogram
Q.2 Retrieve the query sequence for the given protein or DNAand use BLAST for 08
sequence alignment.
OR
Q. 2 Construct the cladogram using Clustal W with the given sequences
Q.3 Find the 3D structure of protein using- Rasmol / Cn3D 04

OR
Q.3 Retrieve the information of given disease from OMIM / Pub Med
Q. 4 Identification: 06
a. Pedigree symbols
b. Prenatal test
Q.5 Submission of Report and viva based on Genome projects 08
References:
Molecular Biology and DNA Recombinant Technology
1. Introduction to Molecular Biology; Peter Paolella; Tata McGraw Hill; 2010.

2. Molecular Biology; David Freidfelder; Narosa Publishing House; 2008.
3. Molecular Biology - Academic Cell Update; Update Edition; David Clark; Elsevier, Inc.;
2010.
4. Molecular Biology - Bios Instant Notes; Fourth Edition; Alexander McLennan, Andy
Bates, Phil Turner & Mike White; Garland Science; 2013
5. Current Protocols in Molecular Biology; Frederick M. Ausubel, Roger Brent, Robert E.
Kingston, David D. Moore, Seidman J. G., John A. Smith and Kevin Struhl; John Wiley&
Son, Inc.; 2003.
6. Cell and Molecular Biology; Eighth Edition; E.D.P. De Robertis, E.M.F. De Robertis Jr.;
Info-Med Ltd.; 1988.
8. Molecular cloning; Joseph Sambrook, David William Russell; Third. Edition; CSHL
Press; 2001.
Recombinant DNA - Genes and Genomes- A short course; 3rd Edition; Watson, J.D.,
Myers, R.M., Caudy A., Witkowski, J.K.; Freeman and Co. NY; 2007.
11. Genetic engineering - Principles and Practice; Sandhya Mitra; Macmillan India Ltd., New
Delhi.
12. Molecular Biotechnology - Principles and applications of recombinant DNA; Glick,
B.R.and Pasternak, J. J.; ASM press, Washington; 2010.
14. Biotechnology - Expanding Horizons; B.D.Singh; Kalyani Publishers, Ludhiana.
15. A textbook of Biotechnology; R.C.Dubey; S.Chand and Company Ltd., New Delhi.
Biotechnology -II
2. Molecular cloning; Joseph Sambrook, David William Russell; Third. Edition; CSHL Press;
2001.
4. Recombinant DNA - Genes and Genomes- A short course; 3rd Edition; Watson, J.D., Myers,
R.M., Caudy A., Witkowski, J.K.; Freeman and Co. NY; 2007.
6. Molecular Biotechnology - Principles and applications of recombinant DNA; Glick, B. R.
and Pasternak, J. J.; ASM press, Washington; 2010.
8. Biotechnology - Expanding Horizons; B. D. Singh; Kalyani Publishers, Ludhiana.
9. Environmental Biotechnology :Basic concepts and applications ; InduShekar Thakur; I.K.
10. Basic Biotechnology, 2nd Edition, Colin Rateledge and Bjorn Krisiansen, Cambridge
University Press.
Genetic counseling:
1. Facilitating the genetic counseling process- Practice based skills by Bonnie S. and Lay Roy,
Patricia McCarty Veach , Nanacy P Callanan
2. Harper’s Practical Genetic Counseling (8th Edition) by Angus Clarke.
Bioinformatics:
1. Dan E Krane and Michael L Raymer, fundamental concepts of bioinformatics, Pearson
Education(low priced Edition)
2. Claverie & Notredame, Bioinfomatics- A Beginners Guide, Wiley-Dreamtech India Pvt
LTD,2003.
3. Pevnezer, Bioinformatics and functional genomics, John Wiley
4. Lesk, Introduction to Bioinformatics, Oxford University Press, Indian Edition,2003
5. JinXiong, Essential Bioinformatics-Cambridge University Press, Printed and bound in
India byReplika Press Pvt.Ltd.
6. Introduction to bioinformatics-Attwood and Parrysmith, Pearson education.
7. Bioinformatics-A Beginner’s guide by Jean-Michel Claverie, Cedric Notredame - Wiley-
India Pvt. Ltds

Title:Techniques and Methodologies in Zoology-II
Course Outcome:
1. Students will learn the principles and applications of various separation techniques. They will also
learn to use these techniques and interpret the results in the laboratory.
2. Students will learn the importance of intellectual property rights and method of filling the patents.
3. Students will learn to apply the biostatistical methods to interpret the research data. They will be
able to use the software SPSS for the data analysis.
4. Students will understand various research methods, ways of writing the hypothesis and apply the
same in their research projects.
Unit Total
(60)
I INSTRUMENTATION-II 15L
1.1 Chromatography: Principle and applications of Chromatography
1.2 Column chromatography: Packing and operation of column, loading of
column, eluting the column, collection of eluent, detection of eluent
1.3 Ion-exchange chromatography: Ion exchange resins, selection of
ion‐exchanger, choice of buffers, preparation and use of ion‐exchangers,
storage of resins.
1.4 Principle and Instrumentation of HPTLC, HPTLC vs TLC
1.5 Principle and Instrumentation of HPLC
1.6 Principle and Instrumentation of GC
1.7 Electrophoresis: Principle and applications of Electrophoresis
1.7.1 Agarose Gel Electrophoresis
1.7.2 Poly acrylamide gel Electrophoresis
1.7.3 2D Electrophoresis
II INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS AND PATENTS 15L

2.1 Introduction and the need for Intellectual property Rights
2.1.1 PR in India and Abroad : Genesis and development
2.1.2 Major International Instruments concerning Intellectual Property Rights:
Paris Convention, 1883
The Berne Convention, 1886.
The Universal Copyright Convention, 1952
The WIPO Convention, 1967.
The Patent Co-operation Treaty, 1970,
The TRIPS Agreement, 1994
2.2 Kinds of Intellectual Property Rights
2.2.1 Patents:
Elements of Patentability: Novelty , Non Obviousness (Inventive Steps),
Industrial Application
Non - Patentable Subject Matter
Registration Procedure
Rights and Duties of Patentee
Assignment and license
Restoration of lapsed Patents
Surrender and Revocation of Patents
Infringement, Remedies & Penalties
Patent office and Appellate Board
2.2.2 Copyrights
Subject matter of copyright: original literary, dramatic, musical, artistic
works; cinematograph films and sound recordings
Registration Procedure, Term of protection, Ownership of copyright,
Assignment and license of copyright
2.2.3 Plant Variety Protection
Plant variety protection: meaning and benefit sharing and farmers’ rights –
Procedure for registration, effect of registration and term of protection,
farmers rights act, 2001
2.2.4 Design
Design: meaning and concept of novel and original - Procedure for
registration, effect of registration and term of protection
2.2.5 Geographical Indication (GI)
Geographical indication: meaning, and difference between GI and
trademarks - Procedure for registration, effect of registration and term of
protection
2.2.6 India`s New National IP Policy, 2016 – Govt. of India step towards
promoting IPR – Govt. Schemes in IPR – Career Opportunities in IP - IPR
in current scenario with case studies
III BIOSTATISTICS 15L

3.1 Elementary concepts in Statistics
3.1.1 Concepts of statistical population and sample from a population
Collection, classification and presentation of data
3.1.2 Presentation of data: Diagrammatic and graphical representation of data;
frequency distributions and cumulative frequency distributions; histogram,
frequency polygon, stem and leaf chart and ogives.( Self Study)
3.2 Descriptive statistics: Concepts of central tendency or location, Absolute
and relative measures of dispersion; Box plot, Lorenz curve; skewness and
kurtosis.
3.3 Probability
3.3.1 Random Experiment; sample point; sample space; events; mutually
exclusive and exhaustive events; frequency.
3.3.2 Classical definitions of probability
3.3.3 Axiomatic definition of probability
3.3.4 Addition and multiplication theorems
3.3.5 Conditional probability and independence
3.3.6 Bayes’ theorem. (The main thrust is on numerical problems and
applications)
3.4 Difference between parametric and non- parametric statistics
Confidence interval, errors and significance
3.4.1 Analysis of variance, t test, Z test, X2 Test
3.5 Regression and Correlation
3.6 Anova
3.7 Introduction to statistical software SPSS
3.7.1 Creating Tables and Graph
3.7.2 Regression analysis
3.7.3 Calculation of anova
IV RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 15L

4.1 Introduction to research methodology: Meaning of research, Objective of
research, Motivation in research, Types of research, Research approaches,
Significance of research, Research methods versus methodology, Research
and scientific methods, Importance of knowing how research is done,
Research process, Criteria for good research
4.2 Research Problem and research design: Selecting research problem,
Necessity of defining a problem, Techniques involved in defining the
problem, Meaning of research design, Need for research design, Important
concepts related to research design;
Different research designs, Basic principles of experimental design,
Important experimental designs.
4.3 Interpretation and report writing:Meaning of interpretation, Technique of
interpretation, Precautions in interpretation, Significance of report writing,
Layout of research report types of reports, Presentation of research work‐
oral, poster and writing research paper; Precautions for writing research
report
4.4 Review of related literature:Understanding the role of review, how to begin
as research for related literature, Library reference, recording and indexing,
classification of references, Internet sites for biological references-
downloading the information through internet; requests for reprints through
e‐mail and post, Classification and filing of reprints.
4.5 Writing research proposal: Characteristics of a proposal, Content and
organization of a proposal, Weakness in proposal seeking funding
REFERENCES
1. ModernExperimentalBiochemistry: 3rdEd.RodneyBoyer, PearsonEducation.
2. PrinciplesandTechniquesofPracticalBiochemistry.WilsonandWalker,
CambridgeUniv.Press.
Livingstone)
8. Pearse: Histochemistry: Theoretical and Applied (Vol. I, II & III) (4th ed 1980-1993,
12. Practical Research Planning and Design; 2nd Ed. Paul D. Leedy. Macmillan Publ.
13. Elementary Practical Organic Chemistry Part I: Small Scale Preparations.2nd Ed. Arthur I.
Vogel. CBS Publ. And Distributors.
14. Research Methodology, Methods and Techniques; C. R. Kothari .Wiley Eastern Ltd.
Mumbai
15. Intellectual Property Law in India, Nishith Desai
16. Manual of Patent Office, Practice and Procedure , The Office Of Controller General of
Patents, Designs &Trademarks, Boudhik Sampada Bhawan, S. M. Road, Antop Hill,
Mumbai (India)
PRACTICAL IVCredit-2(50M)
Sr.No. Practicals based on BPSZOO204
1. Separation of plant pigments by column chromatography
2. Separation of amino acids from casein by ion exchange chromatography
3. Separation of plasma proteins by Poly acrylamide gel Electrophoresis
4. Demonstration of separation of genomic DNA / plasmid DNA by
Agarose gel Electrophoresis
5. Demonstration of HPTLC, HPLC, GC
6. Solving Biostatistics Problems based on Z test, t test, Chi- square test
7. Using SPSS : Creating Tables and Graph, Regression analysis Calculation of anova
Internal submission for 40 marks: Based on IPR and Patent and Research methodology

M.Sc. Semester-II
Q.1 Demonstrate separation of plant pigments by column chromatography 12

OR
Q.1 Demonstrate separation of amino acids from casein by ion exchange
chromatography
Q.2 Solve the problems based on Biostatistics- Z test, t test, Chi-square test (Any 10
two)
Q.3 Demonstrate separation of genomic DNA / plasmid DNA by Agarose gel 10

Electrophoresis
OR
Q.3 Demonstrate separation of plasma proteins by Poly acrylamide gel
Electrophoresis
Q.4 Identify and comment on : HPTLC / HPLC / GC 08

B. K. BIRLA COLLEGE OF ARTS, SCIENCE AND
Syllabus for M.Sc. Part-II
Program M.Sc.
Course: Zoology- Biotechnology-Endocrinology
Semester III and IV
M.Sc.
Programme outcomes
PO PO Description
A student completing post-graduation in Science (M.Sc.) will be
able to attain the following
PO3 Postgraduates with varied but interrelated and interdisciplinary
academic background will be produced to serve as human resources.
The knowledge of basic and applied/novel disciplines of the subject
will aid in professional growth


PO7 Life-long Learning: Recognize the need for and have the preparation
and ability to engage in independent and lifelong learning in the
broadest context of Subject and beyond through various Online
platforms.
Program Specific Outcome:
M.Sc. Zoology with Biotechnology-Endocrinology as specialization is the unique combination

offered by the Department of Zoology, B. K. Birla College. The specialization presents dual
advantage of learning the applications of modern biology along with classical branch of zoology.
Students will be introduced to theoretical and practical aspects of biotechnology as well as
endocrinology.
The skill acquired by the students during the two years of this program will make them proficient
in their practical skills which will create better understanding among them about the related
theory units.
The specialization offered also aims to empower students in creating job opportunities or to start
an entrepreneur endeavor of their own. The first two semesters having common syllabus with
another specialization under Zoology will prepare students for the specialization of their choice.
Learning Biotechnology will provide an insight to the students in national problems and the
methods to mitigate them, such as agricultural pest management, production of fortified crop,
solid waste management by the ways of biomass utilization, bioremediation for pollution control
etc. Industrial applications of Biotechnology and its use in health sector such as pharmaceutical
productions, vaccine productions, enzyme technology taught in the syllabus will provide
multiple job opportunities to the students.
Endocrinology will deal with invertebrate and vertebrate endocrine systems and hormone
biology. Detailed knowledge in Endocrinology will help students in understanding the role of
endocrine disruptors in causing hormonal disorders, infertility etc. Students will be able to take
the counseling as a profession in the fields of fertility-infertility clinics. Students will understand
the principles behind this subject which will help them in acquiring jobs in the field of clinical
endocrinology, embryology and IVF.
Continuous internal assignment is a part of the evaluation system in this program; it will
maintain the continuity in teaching and learning process.
M.Sc. –II Zoology Semester- III
Proposed Course Proposed Changes in
Unit Topics Credits L/Week
Code Topics
The implications of The implications of
recombinant DNA recombinant DNA
I technology of technology of commercial 1
commercial products & products &microbial
microbial synthesis synthesis
Large scale culture & Large scale culture &
production from production from 04
BPSZOOBIOT301 recombinant recombinant
II 1
microorganisms & microorganisms &
genetically genetically engineered
engineered animal cells animal cells
III Medical Biotechnology Medical Biotechnology 1
3.1 to 3.3.2 Changed
IV Environmental Environmental 1
Biotechnology I Biotechnology I
Genome management and Genome management and
I analysis 1
analysis
1.1.6 added
II Manipulation of gene Manipulation of gene 1
BPSZOOBIOT302 expression inprokaryotes expression in prokaryotes 04
III Bioinformatics Analysis of Proteome 1
New
Animal biotechnology Animal biotechnology and
IV and Human therapies Human therapies 1
4.1.1 Added
General Endocrinology – Introduction to
I I invertebrate endocrinology 1
New
Gonadal differentiation Endocrine glands in
II invertebrates. 1
New
BPSZOOENDO303 04
Female reproductive Application of invertebrate
III tract-I hormones 1
New
Conception Techniques used in study
IV of invertebrate hormones. 1
New
I Hormones: Function and General Endocrinology-I 1
Classification New
II Biochemical Aspects Neuro Endocrinology 1
New
BPSZOOENDO304 Mechanism of action of Biosynthesis and storage 04
III peptide hormones –II of hormones 1
New
IV Applied Endocrinology -I Gonadal Differentiation 1
New
Total 16 16
M.Sc. –II Zoology Sem IV
Proposed Course Unit Topics Proposed Changes Credits L/Week
Code
I Microbial synthesis of Microbial synthesis of 1
commercial products commercial products
Large scale culture & Large scale culture &
II production forindustrial production forindustrial 1
biotechnology biotechnology
BPSZOOBIOT401 04
Agricultural Agricultural 1
III
Biotechnology Biotechnology
Environmental Environmental 1
IV
Biotechnology II Biotechnology – II
I Genome management Genome management 1

1.1 to 1.1.3 Changed
Manipulation of gene Manipulation of gene
II 1
expression ineukaryotes expression in Eukaryotes
BPSZOOBIOT402 The human genome Molecular markers as a 04

III 1
project tool for Mapping
New
Regulations and patents Regulations and patents
IV in biotechnology in biotechnology 1
General Endocrinology Comparative Studies of

I –II Female Reproduction 1
New
Male Reproductive Functional Aspects of
II 1
System Female Reproduction
New 04
BPSZOOENDO403
Female reproductive Functional Aspects of
III tract-II Male Reproductive 1
System.
New
IV Contraception Contraception 1
New
Phylogeny and Phylogeny and Ontogeny
I 1
Ontogeny of endocrine of endocrine glands
Glands New
Biochemical Aspects Biochemical Aspects of
II 1
Hormones in metabolism.
BPSZOOENDO404 New 04
Mechanism of action of Mechanism of action of
III 1
peptide hormones –II peptide and Steroid
hormones.
Applied Endocrinology Applied Endocrinology
IV -II New 1
Total 16 16
B. K. Birla Collegeof Arts, Science and Commerce (Autonomous), Kalyan
Zoology: Biotechnology and Endocrinology
Credit Based and Grading System.
To Be Implemented from the Academic Year 2021-2022.
Semester -III
THEORY
Course Unit Topic Credits L / Week
Basics of Industrial & Environmental
BPSZOOBIOT301 Biotechnology – I
(100M) The implications of recombinant DNA 01
technology of commercial products and
I microbial synthesis
Large scale culture & production from 01
recombinant microorganisms & genetically 04
II engineered animal cells
III Medical Biotechnology 01
IV Environmental Biotechnology I 01
BPSZOOBIOTP3 02
(50M)
BPSZOOBIOT302 Genetic Engineering Techniques & Its

Applications
(100M) I Genome management and analysis 01
Manipulation of gene expression in 01
II prokaryotes 04
III Analysis of Proteome 01
IV Animal biotechnology and Human therapies 01
BPSZOOBIOTP3 02
(50M)
BPSZOOENDO303 Invertebrate Endocrinology & Applications

(100M) I Introduction to invertebrate endocrinology. 01
II Endocrine glands in invertebrates. 01
III Application of invertebrate hormones 01
Techniques used in study of invertebrate 04 01
IV hormones.
BPSZOOENDOP3 02
(50M)
BPSZOOENDO304 General & Vertebrate Endocrinology

(100M) I General Endocrinology-I 01
II Neuro Endocrinology 01
III Biosynthesis and storage of hormones 04 01
IV Gonadal Differentiation 01
BPSZOOENDOP3 02
(50M)
Total 24 16
Zoology - Biotechnology and Endocrinology
Semester –IV
THEORY
BPSZOOBIOT401 Biotechnology II
(100M) I Microbial synthesis of commercial products 01
Large scale culture & production for 01
04
II industrial biotechnology
III Agricultural Biotechnology 01
IV Environmental Biotechnology - II 01
BPSZOOBIOTP4 02
(50M)
BPSZOOBIOT402 Genome management, manipulation, regulations

and patents in biotechnology
(100M) I Genome management 01
II Eukaryotes 04
Molecular markers as a tool for Mapping 01
III
01
IV Regulations and patents in biotechnology
BPSZOOBIOTP4 02
(50M)
BPSZOOENDO403 Vertebrate Endocrinology and Reproductive

biology
(100M) I Comparative Studies of Female Reproduction 01
II Functional Aspects of Female Reproduction 01
Functional Aspects of Male Reproductive 04 01
III System.
IV Contraception 01
BPSZOOENDOP4 02
(50M)
BPSZOOENDO404 Comparative and Molecular Endocrinology

(100M) I Phylogeny and Ontogeny of endocrine glands 01
Biochemical Aspects of Hormones in 01
II metabolism. 04
Mechanism of action of peptide and Steroid 01
III hormones.
IV Applied Endocrinology 01
BPSZOOENDOP4 02
(50M)
Total 24 16
SEMESTER-III
SEMESTER III
M.Sc. Zoology: BIOTECHNOLOGY ENDOCRINOLOGY
Paper: I Credits-4 (100M)
BPSZOOBIOT301: Basics of Industrial & Environmental Biotechnology– I
Learning Objectives: Nearly every walk of modern human life is influenced by biotechnology. Large
scale production of fortified food, fuel and medicine is possible today because of the biotechnological
knowhow. Theory units and the practical proposed in the paper are included with the objectives of
teaching industrial and environmental applications of Biotechnology to students.
Course outcome:
1. Students will learn the potentials of r-DNA technology in commercial production of novel food
products, pharmaceuticals and important biomolecules.
2. Students will learn the methods of fermentation using genetically engineered microbes. They will
also learn the types of fermenters and alcohol production in detail.
3. Students will learn the methods of fermentation using genetically engineered microbes. They will
also learn the types of fermenters and alcohol production in detail.
4. Students will learn the methods for Ex-vivo and In-vivo gene therapy for genetic diseases. They
will also learn the methods of production of bacterial and viral vaccines.
Unit I The implications of recombinant DNA technology of commercial products 15L

and microbial synthesis
1.1 The implications of recombinant DNA technology
1.1.1 General account on applications of biotechnology
1.1.2 Commercialization of biotechnology & biotech companies
1.1.3 Prospects of novel food technology. Merits and demerits of genetically modified
food.
1.1.4 Areas of significant public concern: Antibiotic resistance marker gene, transfer
of allergies, pollen transfer from GM plants and social, moral & ethical issues
associated with GMOs.
1.2 Commercial use of Amino acids in food, pharmaceutical and chemical industry–
manufacturing process, strains of microbes used in the production of L-
glutamate, L- aspartate, L-phenylalanine, L-tryptophan.
Unit II Large scale culture & production from recombinant microorganisms & 15L
genetically engineered animal cells
2.1 Large scale culture & production from recombinant microorganisms:
2.1.1 Batch fermentation
2.1.2 Fed batch fermentation
2.1.3 Continuous fermentation
2.1.4 Maximizing the efficiency of fermentation process
2.1.5 Harvesting, disrupting & downstream processing
2.2 Large scale culture & production from genetically engineered animal cell
cultures:
2.2.1 Design of bioreactors for large scale animal cell culture-Batch, Fed batch
2.2.2 Mammalian cell lines & their characteristics
2.2.3 Media for the cultivation of mammalian cells
2.2.4 Commercial products produced with mammalian cell culture
Unit III Medical Biotechnology 15L

3.1 Gene Therapy: Ex- vivo and in-vivo gene therapy
3.1.1 Vectors in gene therapy
3.1.2 Ex-vivo gene therapy - for Adenosine Deaminase Deficiency (SCID )
3.1.3 In-vivo gene therapy for Cystic fibrosis
3.1.4 Gene Therapy strategies for cancer- Tumor necrosis gene therapy, suicide gene
therapy
3.1.5 Nucleic acid therapy- Antisense therapy for Cancer and AIDS
3.1.6 Aptamers and Ribozymes as therapeutic agents
3.2 DNA in disease Diagnosis
3.2.1 Cystic fibrosis, sickle cell anemia, Duchenne’s muscular dystrophy, Fragile X
syndrome, Huntington’s disease and Alzheimer’s disease
3.3 Human Protein replacement therapy and Therapeutic agents
3.3.1 Production of recombinant insulin, recombinant hGH
3.3.2 Tissue plasminogen activator, interferons
3.4 Production of Vaccines
3.4.1 Sub-unit vaccines
3.4.2 Sub-unit Vaccine production against viruses-Herpes simplex, Bovine foot &
mouth disease virus
3.4.3 Peptide vaccines-synthetic drugs (engineered proteins)
3.4.4 Genetic immunization-DNA vaccines, Antisense DNA, Therapeutic ribozymes
3.4.5 Live recombinant vaccines
3.4.6 Attenuated vaccines against Cholera, Salmonella sp.
3.4.7 Vector vaccines-Vaccine directed against viruses -
Rabies virus G-protein,Hepatitis B surface antigen
Unit IV Environmental Biotechnology I 15L

4.1 Biomass utilization
4.1.1 Microorganisms in lignocellulose degradation
4.1.2 Isolation of prokaryotic & eukaryotic cellulase gene
4.1.3 Manipulation of cellulase gene
4.1.4 Production of single cell proteins by using biomass as raw material
4.1.5 Commercial production of fructose and alcohol from biomass
4.1.6 Improvements of fructose and alcohol production
4.1.7 Fuel ethanol from biomass
4.2 Bioremediation of xenobiotic compounds
4.2.1 Characteristics of xenobiotics in the environment
4.2.2 Characteristics of aerobic microorganisms for degradation of organic pollutants
4.2.3 Genetic engineering of biodegradative pathways-
Manipulation by transfer of plasmid, manipulation by gene alteration
4.2.4 Degradation of xenobiotic compounds-petroleum products, n-alkanes,
alkenes, cycloaliphatic compounds, aromatic hydrocarbons, polyaromatic
hydrocarbons, chlorinated organic compounds (aliphatic & aromatic)
SEMESTER III
Paper: II Credits-4(100M)
BPSZOOBIOT302: Genetic Engineering Techniques & Its Applications
Learning objectives: Study of genomics and gene manipulation of prokaryotic cells are important aspects
of genetic engineering. The objectives behind this paper are to make the students learn the detailed
applications of genetic engineering and also learn some aspects of tissue engineering and human
therapies.
Course outcome:
1. Students will learn the important concepts of Genome management and analysis such as
synthesis, sequencing and amplification of DNA. They will also understand the concept of DNA
probe and its application.
2. Students will learn various aspects of gene expression and manipulation in prokaryotes like
identification and isolation of functional promoters. Students will also learn the most recent
technique of production of fusion proteins and their applications.
3. Students will understand different methods of protein sequencing and the techniques such as 2-D
electrophoresis, protein microarray, western blotting RIA, ELISA etc. required for the analysis of
proteome.
4. Students will learn the methods of transgenesis for production of transgenic animals for
commercial purpose. Students will also understand the methods of tissue engineering and
transplantation.
Unit I Genome management and analysis 15L
1.1 The Basic tools of genetic engineering
1.1.1 Chemical Synthesis of DNA-
Oligonucleotide synthesis by Phosphoramidite method, Synthesis of genes
1.1.2 DNA Sequencing - Maxam-Gilbert method,
Sanger’s dideoxynucleotide method, Primer walking using- bacteriophage M13
1.1.3 Polymerase chain reaction and its applications
1.1.4 Analysis of genome
1.1.5 DNA fingerprinting/physical mapping/pulsed field gel electrophoresis
1.1.6
DNA probes - Methods employed to make DNA probes, Mechanism of action of DNA
probes, Radioactive and Non-radioactive detection system
Unit II Manipulation of gene expression in prokaryotes 15L

2.1 Promoters of gene expression in prokaryotes
2.1.1 Prokaryotic gene expression
2.1.2 Isolation of functional promoters
2.1.3 Promoter selection with E.coli plasmid pBR316
2.1.4 Promoter selection with plasmid pKO1
2.1.5 Gene expression from strong and relatable promoters
2.2 Expression of cloned genes in prokaryotes
2.1.1 Increasing protein production and secretion
2.1.2 Inclusion bodies and fusion proteins
2.1.3 Unidirectional tandem gene arrays
2.1.4 Translation expression vectors
2.1.5 Increasing protein stability
Unit III Analysis of the Proteome 15L

3.1 Sequencing of proteins
3.1.1 Edman Degradation. Sangers Method and mass Spectroscopy
3.2 2D differential gel electrophoresis- Protein expression profiling
3.3 Protein Microarray
3.4 Detection of Proteins- Western Blotting
3.5 Protein- protein interaction mapping- two hybrid assay and complementation assay
3.7 Immunodetection techniques- RIA, DemoELISA, IFA
3.8 Analysis of mRNA transcripts
Unit IV Animal biotechnology and Human therapies 15L

4.1 Transgenesis
4.1.1 Methods of transgenesis: Lipofection, electroporation, DNA micro injection,
Embryonic stem cell mediated gene transfer, virus mediated transduction.
4.1.2 Transgenic animals and their applications: Mice as model system for human
diseases and as test case model,
4.1.3 Cows, pigs, sheep, goats as biopharmaceuticals.
4.1.4 Transgenic insects and birds
4.1.5 Recombinant DNA technology to prevent animal diseases
4.1.6 Conservation biology-Embryo transfer
4.1.7 Regulation of transgenic animals and patenting genetically engineered
animals
4.2 Human therapies
4.2.1 Tissue engineering: Skin, liver, pancreas
4.2.2 Xenotransplantation
4.2.3 Antibody engineering
4.2.4 Cell adhesion based therapies: Integrins, Inflammation, Cancer and metastasis
4.2.5 Targeted gene replacement for correcting a mutated gene
4.2.6 Site directed mutagenesis
Semester III
Practical- 1& 2 Credits – 4 (50M+50M)
Practical Course Code BPSZOOBIOTP3 Based onBPSZOOBIOT301 and BPSZOOBIOT302
1 Separation of plasma proteins by PAGE and demonstration of Western Blot
2 Determination of molecular weight of protein using standard, semi-log graph interpretation
3 Determination of viable cell count in the given culture of bacteria by dilution & spreading
technique.
4 Demonstration of Immunoblotting ( Demo / Video)
5 Using mini-prep method isolate plasmid DNA from the given strain of bacteria & show the
purity of the isolate by performing agarose gel electrophoresis.
6 Problems based on DNA sequencing, Maxam-Gilbert method, Sanger’s dideoxynucleotide
method and DNA fingerprinting
7 Demonstration of PCR and RT-PCR biotech
8 Bioremediation of heavy metal by bacteria / nano-particle
9 Isolation of cellulase, protease or lipase producing bacteria and fungi from soil
B. K. BIRLA COLLEGE OF ARTS, SCIENCE AND COMMERCE (AUTONOMOUS), KALYAN
Skeleton Paper MSC-II SEMESTER- III (BPSZOOBIOTP3)
Time: 5 Hrs TOTAL MARKS-50
Q.1 Determination of viable cell count in the given culture of bacteria by dilution & 25M
spreading technique. (DAY 1)
OR
Q.1 Isolation of cellulase / protease / lipase producing bacteria / fungi from soil.
(DAY 1)
Q.2 Problems based on DNA sequencing, Maxam-Gilbert method, Sanger’s dideoxy 15M
nucleotide method and DNA fingerprinting (any 3)
Q.3 Viva 05M
Q.4 Journal 05M

Skeleton Paper MSC-II SEMESTER- III (BPSZOOBIOTP3)
Q.1 Separation of plasma proteins by PAGE and demonstration of Western Blot. 15M
(DAY 2)
OR
Q.1 Determination of molecular weight of protein using standard, semi-log graph 15M
interpretation. (DAY 2)
Q.2 Using mini‐prep method isolate plasmid DNA from the given strain of bacteria &
show the purity of the isolate by performing agarose gel electrophoresis. (DAY 2)
Q.3 Bioremediation of heavy metal by bacteria / nano particle. (DAY 2) 10M
Q.4 Viva 05M
Q.5 Journal 05M

Reference Books Biotechnology
1. Johan E. Smith, Biotechnology, 3rd Edition, Cambridge Univ. Press
2. Colin Rateledge and Bjorn Kristiansen, Basic Biotechnology, 2nd Edition, Cambridge Univ. Press
3. Susan R. Barnum, Biotechnology – An Introduction, Vikas Publishing House
4. Bernard R. Glick and Jack J. Pasternack, Molecular Biotechnology – Principles and applications of
recombinant DNA, ASM Press, Washington DC.
5. Alexander N. Glazer and Hiroshi Nikaido, Microbial Biotechnology – Fundamentals of applied
microbiology, W. H. Freeman and Co, New York
6. InduShekar Thakur, Environmental Biotechnology – Basic concepts and applications, I. K.
7. John A. Thomas (Ed.), Biotechnology and safety assessments, 2nd Edition, Taylor and Francis
8. S. S. Purohit, Biotechnology – Fundamentals and applications, 3rd Edition, Agrobios, India
9. Patent Facility Centre (PTC) Technology information, Forecasting and Assessment Council (TIFAC),
Department of Science and Technology, New Delhi
10. R. S. Crespi; Patents – a basic guide to patenting biotechnology, Cambridge Univ. Press
11. R. E. Speir, J. B. Griffiths, W. Berthold (Ed), Animal Cell Technology – Products of today, prospects
of tomorrow, Butterworth –Heinman Publishers
12. Martin Fransman, GerdJunne, AnnemiekeRoobeek (Ed), The Biotechnology revolution, Blackwell
Scientific Publishers
13. Terence Cartwright, Animal Cells as Bioreactors, Cambridge Univ. Press
14. A. Rosevear, John F. Kennedy, Joaquim M. S. Cabral, Immobilized enzymes and cells, Adam Hilger
Publishers, Bristol and Philadelphia
15. Micheal P. Tombs and Stepan E. Harding, An Introduction to polysaccharide biotechnology
16. T. A. Brown, Gene Cloning – An Introduction, 3rd Edition, Nelson Thornes
17. Bob Old and S. B. Primrose, Principles of Gene Manipulation, 5th Edition, Wiley Blackwell
Publishers 18. U. Satyanarayan, Biotechnology, 2007 Reprint, Uppala Author Publisher Interlink
SEMESTER III
Paper: III Credits-4(100M)
BPSZOOENDO303: Invertebrate Endocrinology and its Applications
Learning objectives: Invertebrate endocrinology is less popular and generally neglected part of subject
endocrinology. The units in this paper are developed with an objective of making students aware of the various
endocrine phenomena like molting, metamorphosis, camouflaging and mating controlled by hormones.
Course outcome:
1. Students shall learn to appreciate the dynamics of hormones and endocrine control among invertebrates
and apply the knowledge in biological control of pest, apiculture, agriculture and other fields which
provide opportunities for entrepreneurship.
2. Students will learn the structures and functions of endocrine glands in invertebrates. They will also learn
to locate these glands.
3. Students will understand the applications of invertebrate hormones as endocrine disruptors, biopesticides
and role of pheromones in pest control
4. Students will learn the isolation and purification techniques of hormones such as FTIR, GCMS, TLC,
HPTLC etc. They will also learn to retrieve the molecular structures of hormones using data bases.

no. of
lectures
(60)
Unit I Introduction To Invertebrate Endocrinology 15L
1.1 Scope of invertebrate endocrinology
1.2 Neuroendocrine/ Endocrine system in invertebrates, types of invertebrate
hormones/ functions
1.2.1 Specialized cells and tissues in coelenterate and Helminthes (steroids,
iodinated organic compounds, neuropeptides, and indoleamines,
ecdysosteriod).
1.2.2 Neurosecretory system in Annelida- Feedback substances
1.2.3 Neuroendocrine system in Arthropoda- Juvenile hormone, ecdysone, ETH
(ecdysone triggering hormone), Methyl farnesoate(MF)
1.2.4 Neuroendocrine system in Mollusca- GNRH, Schistosomatin,
Gonadotrophic hormone, optic gland hormone
1.2.5 Neuroendocrine system in Echinodermata – Neuropeptide and polypeptide
hormones
1.3 Dispersal, Mode of action, chemical nature, classification and synthesis of
invertebrate hormones
Unit II Endocrine Glands In Invertebrates 15L

2.1 Corpora cardiaca, Corpora allata, Pericardial gland, X organ/Y organ,
Epitracheal gland, Mandibular organ in crustaceans, Neuro haemal organs,
Prothorasic glands.
2.2 Physiology of Hormonal Control in invertebrates
Unit III Application of Invertebrate Hormones 15L

3.1 Endocrine disrupters in invertebrates
3.1.1 Invertebrate hormones in pest control
3.1.2 Hormonal control of chitin production in crustaceans
3.2 Exocrine glands, structure, exocrine secretion (ectohormone)
3.3 Types of pheromones and defensive secretion in insects
Unit IV Techniques used in study of invertebrate hormones. 15 L

4.1 Techniques used in isolation and detection of hormones
TLC, Paper Chromatography, FTIR, GCMS
4.2 Techniques used in purification of hormones
TLC, Paper Chromatography, HPLC, HPTLC
4.3 NCBI search for molecular structure of hormones
Semester III
Practical Course Code BPSZOOENDOP3: Based onBPSZOOENDO303 and BPSZOOENDO304
BPSZOOENDO303: Invertebrate Endocrinology and its Applications
Practical 3 Credits-2(50M)
1 Dissection of retro-cerebral complex (neuro-endocrine system) in insects (e.g., cockroach/any
other insect – Corpora cardiaca, Corpora allata, Prothorasic gland and prothorasic ganglion
2 Dissection and localization of testis and ovary in cockroach
3 Dissection of reproductive system in Housefly
4 Dissection of X organ and Y organ from eye stalk of crab
5 Dissection and localization of brain - Earthworm brain/CNS)
6 Dissection and localization of neurosecretary cells. Mollusca- ( achatina, pila, clams)
7 Effect of eyestalk ablation on blood sugar level in crustacean- crab
8 Endocrine control of osmoregulation in crustaceans- changes in body weight after eye stalk
ablation
9 Mounting of chromatophores from suitable animal
10 Response of chromatophores to varying temperatures (Video)
11 Morphological studies of different types of sperms in invertebrates with the help of permanent
slides/ ICT tools/ models/ charts/ photographs etc.
12 Morphological study of different types of eggs, egg capsules of different invertebrates with the
help of permanent slides/ ICT tools/ models/ charts/ photographs etc.
13 Effect of hormone mimic on the metamorphosis and other biological-characteristics of
Drosophila.
14 Separation of ecdysone and JH form cockroach- by Paper chromatography/ TLC
15 Retrieving 3D structures of hormones from NCBI

Skeleton Paper MSC-II SEMESTER- III (BPSZOOENDOP3) Practical-III
Q. 1 Dissect the given insect to expose its Testis/Ovary, stain and make its temporary mounting / 12
Dissect the given insect so as to expose its reproductive system. (cockroach)
Q.2 Expose the prothorasic gland and prothorasicgangalion / Expose corpora cardiaca and corpora 08
allata/ X and Y organs from the given animal.
OR
Dissect the given animal to expose its brain/ make the temporary mounting of neurosecretory 08
Q.2 cells from the given animal/ Make a temporary mounting of chromophores from the given
animal
Q.3 Demonstrate the effect of eye stalk ablation on glucose level and body weight in given animal/ 08
demonstrate the effect of temperature on chromatophores in given animal/ Separate ecdysone
and JH form cockroach- by Paper chromatography/ TLC)
Q.4 Write the functions of _________ and retrieve it’s ___________structure (3D) using 06
appropriate data base
Q. 5 Identify and describe (A, B, C) - A- sperm of an invertebrate animal, B- Egg or egg case of an 06
invertebrate animal. C- Describe the effect of hormone mimic on drosophila from the given
pictures.
SEMESTER III
B. K. Birla College of Arts, Science and Commerce (Autonomous), Kalyan (w).
Paper: IV Credits- 4(100M)
BPSZOOENDO304: General and Vertebrate Endocrinology.
Learning objectives: Endocrinology a classic branch of Zoology specially the vertebrate endocrinology is a
popular field of specialization. The course content of this paper are developed with the objectives of teaching the
role of hormones and the details of histology of endocrine glands and other organs which are conventionally non
endocrine but produce hormones.
Course Outcome:
1. Students will understand the structure and function of all the glands and organs. Understand the
significance of hormones in various vital processes.
2. Students will learn the role of neuro endocrine system and pathways in control and coordination. They
will also learn about the role of neurotransmitters.
3. Students will understand the biosynthesis and storage of hormones secreted by major endocrine glands.
4. Students will learn the process of gonadal differentiation and the role of hypothalamus-hypophysial-
gonadal axis in the process.
UNITS TITLE OF THE UNIT Total no. of

lectures
(60)
Unit I General Endocrinology 15L
1.1 An overview of hormones: Definition and general properties of hormones,
Hormones as Chemical messengers, Classification of hormones.
1.2 Brief account of human endocrine system: Types of glands and their
examples (apocrine, exocrine and endocrine), Positions of the glands,
Blood supply, Anatomy and Embryology of Pituitary, Pineal, Thyroid,
Adrenal, Pancreas, Ovary, Testis.
1.3 Hormonal effects and regulation: Basic concepts and methods.
Hormonal Feedback mechanisms (Two examples: Thyroid and Pancreas)
Unit II Neuro Endocrinology 15 L

2.1 Hormonal Mechanisms of Integration: Neuro-secretion and
Neuroendocrine system, Neuroendocrine integration
2.2 Endocrine Pathways: Afferent pathways, Integration centers, Efferent
pathways
2.3 Endocrine Reflex: First order, Second order, Third order
2.4 Synthesis, mechanism of action and functions of dopamine, serotonin,
GABA
Unit III Biosynthesis and storage of hormones 15L

3.1 Biosynthesis, storage and secretion of hormones of endocrine glands:
Pituitary, Pineal, Thyroid, Parathyroid, Adrenal.
3.2 Biosynthesis, storage and secretion of hormones of tissues of non-
endocrine organs: Heart, Thymus, Stomach, Intestine, Liver, Kidney,
Spleen, Pancreas, Bone marrow, Skeletal muscles. Placenta
3.3 Factors influencing hormonal secretion
3.4 Hormonal receptors and mechanism of hormonal action.
Unit IV Gonadal Differentiation 15L

4.1 Hypothalamo- hypophyseal- gonadal axis
4.2 Biosynthesis of gonadal hormones
4.3 Differentiation of testis and Ovary: Morphological, biochemical and
hormonal aspects.
4.4 Sexual differentiation: Genetic, sex- gonadal , sex- somatic
4.5 Development of sexual abnormalities:
4.5.1 Male and female sex organs: Genetic and endocrine aspects.
4.5.2 Free Martin
4.5.3 Transgender
4.5.4 Sexual deviations.
BPSZOOENDO304: General and Vertebrate Endocrinology

Practical-IV Credits-2(50M)
1 Dissection of the mammal so as to locate various endocrine glands (Using the diagram)
2 Dissection of mammal so to locate the major non endocrine organs and write their endocrine
functions (Using the diagram).
3 Dissection of the head of the bird to expose its pituitary gland (Chicken head procured from
the butcher’s shop).
4. Dissection of the head of fish to expose its pituitary gland.
5. Dissection of fish to expose its ovary/Testis/Liver/Kidney
6. Study of histology of Pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, pineal, Adrenal.
7. Study of histology of Pancreas, ovary, Testis, placenta (Human), spleen, liver, kidney
8. Study of histology of Seminal Vesicles, Prostate, epididymis, vasa differentia, fallopian tube,
uterus.
9. Identification and description of the fine structure of cells of adenohypophysis TEM
photographs.
10 Study of effect of gonadectomy on the histology and fine structure of accessory reproductive
organs from the photographs provided.
11. Study of effect of exogenous supplementation of testosterone on the GTH cells of pituitary
gland/ Accessary male organs from the photographs provided.
12. Histological localization of neurosecretory cells from the brain of bird. (Chicken head
procured from the butcher’s shop).
13. Preparation of permanent slides from the tissue provided for histopathological preparations.
a. Tissue infiltration and preparation of blocks.
b. Preparation and cutting of blocks.
c. Cutting of blocks and staining.
14. Differential staining of the ribbon of the tissue provided (Using two different methods and
combinations). Toluidine Blue and Janus Green B.
15. Ectomies of Pituitary gland, Thyroid Gland, Adrenal Gland, gonadectomy (Videos and
diagrams)
16 Identification and description of sexual abnormalities from photographs
Skeleton Paper MSC-II SEMESTER- III (BPSZOOENDOP3) Practical-IV
Q. 1 Dissect the given animal (Fish) /material (chicken head) so as expose its pituitary 10
gland.
OR
Q.1. Expose the given animal (Fish) so as to expose its gonad, liver, kidney and heart. 10
OR
Expose the brain and demonstrate the staining of neurosecretory cells from the 10
Q.1 material given (Fish / Chicken head).
Follow the procedure of infiltration and prepare the paraffin block for histological 10
Q.2 studies from the given tissue and cut the same for making the ribbon.
OR
Q.2 Cut the ribbon from the given block, stain the tissue and make a permanent slide. 10
OR
Q.2 Stain the tissue and prepare the permanent slides using two different staining 10
techniques. Identify the tissue and draw it’s neat and labeled diagram.
Q.3 Label the various endocrine glands, write their position, gross morphology and 06
functions from the photographs provided.
OR
Q.3 Label the various hormone producing non endocrine glands, write their position, 06
gross morphology and functions from the photographs provided.
OR
Q.3 From the two permanent slides provided of mammalian tissues identify the organs 06
and the stain used and write the justification
Q. 4 Identify types of cells from the transmission electron micrograph of mammalian 05

pituitary gland
OR
Q.4 Identify the GTH cells from the electron micrographs (a and b) provided and 05
discuss the effect of exogenous supplementation of testosterone.
OR
Q.4 From the photograph provided identify the organ and describe the effect of 05
gonadectomy on their histological/ fine structure.
OR
Q.4 Prepare the table for ectomy and draw the diagram
Q.5 Identify and describe (a to c): A- Pituitary/ thyroid/ parathyroid/ pineal/ Adrenal. B- 09
Pancreas/ovary/ Testis/placenta (Human)/ spleen/ liver/ kidney.
C- Seminal Vesicles/ Prostate/ epididymis /vasa deferentia/ fallopian tube/uterus.

References:
1. Modern text book of Zoology - Invertebrates; Eleventh; Edition Professor R.L. Kotpal; Rastogi
publication.
2. Invertebrate Zoology by E. L. Jordan & P. S. Verma Rev. edition,2009, Chand publications
3. Invertebrate Zoology by J.K. Dhami and P.S.Dhami published by R. Chand and Company 1979
4. Invertebrate endocrinology and hormonal heterophilly by Walter J. Burdette, Springer-Verlag.
5. Modern text book of Zoology - Vertebrates; Fifth edition; Professor R.L. Kotpal; Rastogi
publication.
6. Chordate Zoology by E. L. Jordan & P. S. Verma Rev. edition, S. Chand Publications
7. Vertebrate Zoology by J.K. Dhami and P.S.Dhami published by R. Chand and Company 1979
8. Text Book of Endocrinology – Mala Dharmalingam by JAYPEE publications.
9. Harrison’s Endocrinology- J Larry Jameson – 3rd edition.
10. Hormones and the endocrine system: Text book of endocrinology by Winfred Rossmanith;
Springer Publications.
11. Histology for pathologists by Stacey E. Mills; 4th Edition; Williams and Wilkins.
12. Human Physiology by Chatterjee and Chatterjee.
13. Principals of Anatomy and Physiology by Tortora
14. B.D.Chaurasia Human Anatomy – Volume 1 and 2
SEMESTER-IV
Zoology - Biotechnology and Endocrinology
Semester –IV
THEORY
BPSZOOBIOT401 Biotechnology II
(100M) Microbial synthesis of commercial 01
I products
Large scale culture & production for 01
04
II industrial biotechnology
III Agricultural Biotechnology 01
IV Environmental Biotechnology - II 01
BPSZOOBIOTP4 02
(50M)
BPSZOOBIOT402 Genome management, manipulation,

regulations and patents in biotechnology
(100M) I Genome management 01
II eukaryotes 04
Molecular markers as a tool for 01
III Mapping
Regulations and patents in 01
IV biotechnology
BPSZOOBIOTP4 02
(50M)
BPSZOOENDO403 Vertebrate Endocrinology and

Reproductive biology
(100M) Comparative Studies of Female 01
I Reproduction
Functional Aspects of Female 01
II Reproduction 04
Functional Aspects of Male 01
III Reproductive System.
IV Contraception 01
BPSZOOENDOP4 02
(50M)
BPSZOOENDO404 Comparative and Molecular Endocrinology

(100M) Phylogeny and Ontogeny of endocrine 01
I glands
Biochemical Aspects of Hormones in 04 01
II metabolism.
Mechanism of action of peptide and 01
III Steroid hormones.
IV Applied Endocrinology 01
BPSZOOENDOP4 02
(50M)
Total 24 16
SEMESTER IV
Paper: I Credits-4(100M)
BPSZOOBIOT401: Basics of Industrial & Environmental Biotechnology – II
Learning objectives: In continuation with the units incorporated in paper 1 semester 1 some more aspects of
industrial and environmental biotechnology are covered in paper 1 semester 4. The objectives behind this paper
are to make students understand the role of microbial biotechnology in commercial production of environmental
material such as bioplastic, and role of microbes in the significant processes such as bioleaching.
Course Outcome:
1. Students will learn the methods of synthesis of commercial products like organic acids and antibiotics
using microbes. They will also learn the general properties of bacterial and marine polysaccharides.
2. Students will learn the process of immobilization, preparation of bioreactors. They will also to apply the
technique for large scale production using continuous bioreactors.
3. Students will understand the concept of nitrogen fixation and production of plants with Nif-gene. Students
will also learn the production of pest resistant, disease resistant and herbicide resistant plants.
4. Students will learn the ways of mitigating the various types of pollutions by using processes like
bioabsorption, bioleaching, phyto-remediation etc.
UNITS TITLE OF THE UNIT Total no. of

lectures
(60)
Unit I Microbial synthesis of commercial products 15L
1.1 Microbial synthesis of commercial products
1.1.1 Organic acids & their commercial applications-Citric acid,
gluconic acid, lactic acid.
1.1.2 Antibiotics - Cloning antibiotic biosynthetic gene by
complementation &other methods. Synthesis of novel
antibiotics & improving antibiotic production.
Aminoglycosides & their uses
1.1.3 Polysaccharides: Bacterial polysaccharides: General properties &
their commercial applications-Dextran, Xanthan and Alginate.
Genetic engineering for the large scale production of
Xanthan gum & its modification.
Marine polysaccharides: General properties &their
commercial application- Agar &agarose, Chitosan
1.1.4 Polyesters: Polyhydroxy alkanoates (PHA)-Biosynthesis of PHA, Biopol-
commercial biodegradable plastic
Unit II Large scale culture & production for industrial biotechnology 15L
2.1 Biotransformations
2.1.1 Selection of biocatalyst-screening & use of novel existing biocatalyst
2.1.2 Genetic modification of existing biocatalyst (Indigo biosynthesis)
2.1.3 Biocatalyst immobilization: Methods of immobilization- Cross
linking, supported immobilization, adsorption & ionic binding, covalent
coupling, lattice entrapment
2.1.4
Immobilized soluble enzymes & suspended cells
2.1.5 Immobilization of multi-enzyme systems & cells
2.1.6 Immobilized enzyme reactors- Batch reactors, continuous reactors
2.1.7 Analytical enzymes: Enzymes in diagnostic assays: Test strip
systems & Biosensors- Electrochemical & optical type
Unit III Agricultural Biotechnology 15L

3.1 Agricultural Biotechnology:
3.1.1 Nitrogen fixation
3.1.2 Nitogenase-Component of nitrogenase; Genetic engineering
of nitrogenasecluster
3.1.3 Hydrogenase-Hydrogen metabolism
3.1.4 Genetic engineering of hydrogenase gene
3.1.5 Nodulation-Competition among nodulation organisms, genetic
engineering of nodulation gene
3.1.6 Microbial insecticides-Toxins of Bacillus thuringiensis, mode
of action & use of thuringiensis toxins, thuringiensis
toxin gene isolation, genetic engineering of Bacillus
thuringiensisstrains& cloning of thuringiotoxin gene
3.1.7 Developing insect resistant, virus resistant & herbicide resistant plant
3.1.8 Algal products: Fuels from algae, marine natural products
& their medical potential- anticancer, antiviral compounds,
antibacterial agents.
Unit IV Environmental Biotechnology II 15L

4.1 Bioabsorption of metals (Recovery from effluents)
4.1.1 Bioabsorption by fungi, algae, moss & bacteria
4.1.2 Mechanism of bacterial metal resistance & genetic engineering for specific
proteins
4.1.3 Bioreactors for bioabsorption-packed bed, fluidized bed,
rotating disc, single blanket, sequential reactors
4.1.4 Phytoremediation &its use in biotechnology
4.2 Bioleaching of metals
4.2.1 Biochemical mechanism of bioleaching
4.2.2 Extraction from mixtures
4.2.3 Types of bioleaching
4.2.4 Methods for bioleaching-Tank & heap bioleaching
4.1.5 Microorganisms used for bioleaching
SEMESTER IV
B. K. Birla College of Arts, Science and Commerce (Autonomous), Kalyan (w).
Paper: II Credits-4(100M)
BPSZOOBIOT402: Genome Management, Manipulation, Regulations and Patents in Biotechnology.
Learning objectives: All the units and practical included in this paper are most recent have objectives of
providing the exposure to the students to the fields of biotechnology which can be leant in correlation with
molecular biology and molecular genetics.
Course outcome:
1. Students will learn genome management with the help of new techniques like DNA –micro array,
expressed sequenced tags, single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) and Serial analysis of gene expression
(SAGEs).
2. Students will learn the techniques to introduce DNA into yeast for the production of homologous and
heterologous protein, students will also learn about the insect cell, and mammalian cell expression
system.
3. Students will learn about the molecular markers used in mapping.
4. Students will learn the rules and regulations of producing and releasing GMO in the environment.
Students will learn how to patent the biotechnology inventions.
UNITS TITLE OF THE UNIT Total no.
of lectures
(60)
Unit I Genome management 15L
1.1 Genome expression analysis
1.1.1 DNA micro array
1.1.2 cDNA and expressed sequence tags (ESTs)
1.1.3 Serial analysis of gene expression(SAGE)
1.1.4 Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs)
1.2 Nucleic acid probes and hybridization – Southern Blotting
Unit II Manipulation of gene expression in eukaryotes 15L

2.1 Eukaryotic gene expression
2.2 Introduction of DNA into fungi-yeast and filamentous fungi (fungal
transformation)
2.3 Heterologous proteins production in yeasts
2.4 Heterologous proteins production in filamentous fungi
2.5 Cultured insect cells expression systems- Baculovirus transfer vector
2.6 Mammalian cell expression systems-Human Papova BK virus shuttle
vector
Unit III Molecular markers as tool for mapping 15L

3.1 Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and
its uses
3.2 Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)
3.3 Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD)
3.4 Simple Sequence Length Polymorphism (SSCP)
3.5 Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism(AFLP)
3.6 Variable Number of Tandem Repeat (VNTR)
3.7 Sequence tagged site
3.8 Simple sequence site
3.9 Cleaved Amplified Polymorphic Sequences (CAPS)
3.10 Satellite DNA- Minisatellite, Micro satellite
Unit IV Regulations and patents in biotechnology 15L

4.1 Regulating recombinant DNA technology
4.2 Regulatory requirements - safety of genetically engineered foods,
Chymosin, tryptophan, bovine somatotropin
4.3 Regulation environmental release of genetically engineered organism
(GEO). Ice minus Pseudomonas syringae
4.4 Regulatory agencies and laws for product regulation
4.5 Risk assessment: How much risk?
4.6 Open field tests of GEO
4.7 Development of policy for Human gene therapy
4.8 Patenting biotechnology inventions
4.8.1 What constitutes the patent?, The patent process, The conditions to
be satisfied for an invention to be patentable: Novelty,
Inventiveness, Usefulness
4.8.2 Patenting in different countries, types of inventions that are not
patentable in India, What is Paris convention? Principal features of Paris
convention
4.8.3 Patenting multicellular organisms, Patenting and fundamental research
Semester IV
Practical-1&2 Credits-4 (50M+50M)
Practical Course Code BPSZOOBIOTP4: Based onBPSZOOBIOT401 and BPSZOOBIOT402
1 Immobilize Yeast cells in calcium alginate & prepare a bioreactor

column to demonstrate Invertase activity in the bioreactor column.
2 Restriction-digest the given DNA sample & demonstrate the separation of
fragments by performing agarose gel electrophoresis. Interpret the results
by comparing with the standard digests provided.
3 To plot a growth curve for the microorganisms provided.
4 Demonstrate the effect of medium on growth curves of given microorganism, using two
different media (minimal & enriched).
5 Isolation and quantification of total proteins of the cells at log phase
6 Review writing on published patent and submit a report
Skeleton Paper MSC-II SEMESTER- IV (BPSZOOBIOTP4)
Q.1 Demonstrate the effect of medium on growth curves of given microorganism, 20M
usingenriched media / minimal media (DAY 1)
Q.2 Immobilize Yeast cells in calcium alginate, prepare beads & keep them 10M
overnight inactivation medium (DAY 1)
Q.3 Report submission on review of patent and viva on it 10M
Q.4 Viva 05M
Q.5 Journal 05M

Skeleton Paper MSC-II SEMESTER- IV(BPSZOOBIOTP4)
Q.1 Prepare a bioreactor column to demonstrate Invertase activity in the bioreactor 25M
column.(DAY 2)
Q.2 Restriction-digest the given DNA sample & demonstrate the separation of 15M
fragments by performing agarose gel electrophoresis. Interpret the results by
comparing with the standard digests provided. (DAY 2)
OR
Q.2 Isolation and quantification of total proteins of the cells at log phase 15M
Q.3 Viva 05M
Q.4 Journal 05M

Reference Books Biotechnology
1. Johan E. Smith, Biotechnology, 3rd Edition, Cambridge Univ. Press
2. Colin Rateledge and Bjorn Kristiansen, Basic Biotechnology, 2nd Edition, Cambridge Univ. Press
3. Susan R. Barnum, Biotechnology – An Introduction, Vikas Publishing House
4. Bernard R. Glick and Jack J. Pasternack, Molecular Biotechnology – Principles and applications of
recombinant DNA, ASM Press, Washington DC.
5. Alexander N. Glazer and Hiroshi Nikaido, Microbial Biotechnology – Fundamentals of applied
microbiology, W. H. Freeman and Co, New York
6. InduShekar Thakur, Environmental Biotechnology – Basic concepts and applications, I. K.
7. John A. Thomas (Ed.), Biotechnology and safety assessments, 2nd Edition, Taylor and Francis
8. S. S. Purohit, Biotechnology – Fundamentals and applications, 3rd Edition, Agrobios, India
9. Patent Facility Centre (PTC) Technology information, Forecasting and Assessment Council (TIFAC),
Department of Science and Technology, New Delhi
10. R. S. Crespi; Patents – a basic guide to patenting biotechnology, Cambridge Univ. Press
11. R. E. Speir, J. B. Griffiths, W. Berthold (Ed), Animal Cell Technology – Products of today,
prospects of tomorrow, Butterworth –Heinman Publishers
12. Martin Fransman, GerdJunne, AnnemiekeRoobeek (Ed), The Biotechnology revolution, Blackwell
Scientific Publishers
13. Terence Cartwright, Animal Cells as Bioreactors, Cambridge Univ. Press
14. A. Rosevear, John F. Kennedy, Joaquim M. S. Cabral, Immobilized enzymes and cells,
Adam Hilger Publishers, Bristol and Philadelphia
15. Micheal P. Tombs and Stepan E. Harding, An Introduction to polysaccharide biotechnology
16. T. A. Brown, Gene Cloning – An Introduction, 3rd Edition, Nelson Thornes
17. Bob Old and S. B. Primrose, Principles of Gene Manipulation, 5th Edition, Wiley Blackwell
Publishers
18. U. Satyanarayan, Biotechnology, 2007 Reprint, Uppala Author Publisher Inter
SEMESTER IV
Paper: III Credits-4(100M)
BPSZOOENDO403: Vertebrate Endocrinology and Reproductive Biology:
Learning objectives: The paper mainly focuses on male and female reproduction and endocrinology.
The main objective is to teach details of hormonal control of various aspects of reproduction and
family planning.
Course outcome:
1. Students will understand the structures and functions of various female reproductive organs. They will
also learn the comparative anatomy of female reproductive system across the vertebrate classes.
2. Students shall understand scientific processes such as menstruation, pregnancy, lactation and breast
cancer.
3. Students will learn the structures and functions of various male reproductive organs, process of
spermatogenesis and disorders related to male reproductive systems.
4. Students will learn about the various methods of contraception and the risk associated with these
methods.
of lectures
(60)
Unit I Comparative Studies of Female Reproduction 15 L
1.1 Comparative study of female reproductive systems. One example of every
class of subphylum vertebrata.
1.2 Study of mammalian ovary (eg. Human ovary): Structure, folliculogenesis,
Oogenesis and Ovulation.
1.3 Sources of ovarian hormones, Ovarian androgen, inhibin
1.4 Endocrine regulation of ovarian functions and dysfunctions:
Role of age, Role of nutrition, Endocrine active ovarian tumors
1.5 Morphological and histological comparisons of normal ovary with endocrine
active ovarian tumor.
Unit II Functional Aspects of Female Reproduction 15L

2.1 Study of Uterus: Uterus and fallopian tube- Structure, function and hormonal
regulation.
2.2 Reproductive cycles in vertebrates: Estrous cycle, menstrual cycles.
2.3 Mammary gland- Structure, function and regulation.
2.4 Disorders of female reproduction:Breast Cancer, Polycystic ovary, Problems
related to menstruation.
2.5 Fertilization and conception.
2.5.1 Placenta: Types of placenta, structure of human placenta, Foetal placental
hormones.
2.5.2 Pregnancy and its pathology, parturition, Lactation and their hormonal
control.
2.5.3 Ectopic pregnancy.
2.5.4 Pregnancy investigation : Immunological method and HCG estimation
Unit III Functional Aspects of Male Reproductive System. 15L

3.1 Testis- Structure, spermatogenesis, spermiogenesis, steroidogenesis
3.1.1 Endocrine, paracrine and autocrine regulation.
3.1.2 Epididymis- Structure, function and regulation
3.1.2 Accessory sex organs-Prostate, seminal vesicles, bulbourethral gland-
structure, function and regulation.
3.2 Physiology: Action of Testosterone (Effects on the genital system, effects on
the secondary sexual characters, metabolic effects, psychic effects )
3.3 Hypogonadism in male
3.4 Cryptorchidism, gynaecomastia
3.5 Symptoms of testicular hormonal overproduction
3.6 Morphological and histological comparison of normal testis with testis in
hypogonadism.
Unit IV Contraception 15L

4.1 Natural methods of contraception: Abstinence, Withdrawal or Coitus
interruptus, Calendar methods - based on calculations of cycle length,
Methods based on symptoms and signs, Lactational Amenorrhea Method
(LAM), New Simple Calendar-Based Method, New simpler observation-
based method, Advantages and disadvantages of family planning
4.2 Regulation of female fertility
4.2.1 Intrauterine and intra cervical devices (IUDS and IUCDS), medicated and
non-medicated IUD’s
4.2.2 Long acting steroidal contraceptives
4.2.3 Surgical sterilization and medical termination of pregnancy (MTP)
4.2.4 Recent advances in female contraception (inhibin, prostaglandin, hormone
analogues, subdermal implants
4.3 Regulation of male fertility
4.3.1 Vasectomy and reversible vas occlusion
4.3.2 LH-RH antagonist, estrogen antagonist, GH antagonist
4.3.3 Anti-androgen and anti-spermiogenic compounds (LDH-Cy and Sp-10),
Inhibin.
4.3.4 Antibodies for acrosomal enzymes and sperm surface proteins.
Semester IV
Practical Course Code BPSZOOENDOP4: Based onBPSZOOENDO403 and BPSZOOENDO404
BPSZOOENDO403: Vertebrate Endocrinology and Reproductive Biology
Practical 3 Credits-2 (50M)
1. Estimation of Proteins, carbohydrates and total fats from commercially available human milk
analogues.
2. Study of different types of placenta and histology of human placenta.
3. Study of female reproductive system of garden lizard, rat and human.
4. Study of male reproductive system of garden lizard, rat and human.
5. Study of different stages of spermatogenesis using electron micrographs.
6. Estimation of total number of eggs produced by normal human female.
7. Study of polycystic ovary (Method and study of permanent slide)
8. Study of histology of normal mammary gland and breast cancer.
9. Study of implantation and stages of pregnancy using videos.
10. Study of ectopic pregnancy using videos.
11. Study of molecular structure of Testosterone, estrogen, progesterone and HCG using
appropriate bioinformatics tool.
12. Morphological and histological comparison of normal testis with testis in hypogonadism.
13. Morphological and histological comparisons of normal ovary with endocrine active ovarian
tumor.
Skeleton Paper MSC-II SEMESTER- IV(BPSZOOENDOP4)
Q.1 Estimate total proteins and carbohydrates from commercially available human milk 14
analogue and compare the results with given data.
OR
Q.1 Estimate total proteins and total fats from commercially available human milk 14
OR
Q.1 Estimate total fats and carbohydrates from commercially available human milk 14
Q.2 Identify and label the parts of reproductive system of garden lizard / rat / human. 05
(Using chart / Photographs etc.)
OR
Q.2 Identify and comment on the stages of estrous cycle. 05
Q.3 Identify and describe (any 5) 15

mammary gland / breast cancer/Hypogonadism / ovarian tumor / electron micrograph
of spermatogenesis / different types of placentae /histology of human placenta /
Polycystic ovary / Corpus luteum/ stages in ovulation
Q.4 Retrieve the _____________ structure of estrogen/Progesterone/ HCG/Testosterone 06

using appropriate bioinformatics tool (any 2).
Q.5 Viva voce and Journal 10

SEMESTER IV
Paper: IV Credits-4(100M)
BPSZOOENDO404: Comparative and Molecular Endocrinology.
Learning objectives: This paper have main objectives of dealing with comparative aspects of
endocrinology of various classes of subphylum vertebrata and teach biochemistry and molecular biology of
hormones.
Course outcome:
1. Students will understand the evolutionary development of endocrine systems among the various classes
across subphylum vertebrata.
2. Students will learn the role of hormones in metabolism and the interconnections of various metabolic
pathways.
3. Students will learn the functional differences between the peptide and steroid hormones, their regulation
and clinical uses.
4. Students will understand the applications of hormones in production of pharmaceuticals, IVF techniques
etc.

of lectures
(60)
Unit I Phylogeny and Ontogeny of endocrine glands 15 L
1.1 Comparative Phylogeny and Ontogeny of Pituitary in Pisces, Amphibia,
Reptiles and Mammals
1.2 Comparative Phylogeny and Ontogeny of Pancreas in Pisces, Amphibia,
1.3 Comparative Phylogeny and Ontogeny of Adrenal gland in Pisces, Amphibia,
1.4 Comparative Phylogeny and Ontogeny of Thyroid gland in Pisces, Amphibia,
1.5 Comparative Phylogeny and Ontogeny of Testis in Pisces, Amphibia, Reptiles
and Mammals
1.6 Comparative Phylogeny and Ontogeny of Ovary in Pisces, Amphibia, Reptiles
and Mammals Testis
Unit II Biochemical Aspects of Hormones in metabolism. 15L

2.1 Types of hormones in metabolism.
2.1.1 Peptide hormones
2.1.2 Thyroid hormones
2.1.3 Steroid hormones
2.2 Role of hormones in metabolism
2.2.1 Hormonal control of feeding behaviour and gastrointestinal tract functioning
including acid release, gall bladder contraction and relaxation.
2.2.2 Pancreatic enzyme secretion, and GI tract motility
2.2.3 Hormonal regulation of Carbohydrate and Lipid metabolism
Unit III Mechanism of action of peptide and steroid hormones 15L

3.1 Peptide Hormone
3.1.1 Cell surface receptors
3.1.2 Cascade of reaction linked to signal transduction.
3.1.3 Prostaglandins
3.1.4 Calcium-magnesium-protein Kinase
3.1.5 Nuclear binding and degradation
3.1.6 Regulation of gene expression by cell surface receptors
3.1.7 Defects in receptors-clinical uses
3.1.8 G-proteins and G-binding protein receptors
3.2 Steroid hormones
3.2.1 Steroid hormones receptors- expression, distribution, regulation
3.2.2 Interaction with DNA-post transcription and post translational effects
3.2.3 Clinical uses of steroid receptors.
Unit IV Applied Endocrinology 15L

4.1 Hormones in growth, development and Pregnancy
4.2 Production of hormones as Pharmaceuticals/Role of genetic engineering in the
production of hormones
4.2.1 Production of somatotropin (Growth Hormone) and Production of human
insulin.
4.3 In vitro fertilization and embryo transplantation.
Practical-4 Credits-2(50M)
Comparative and Molecular Endocrinology - Practical 4
Course Code: BPSZOOENDOP4
1 Detection of hCG by RIA Kit
2 Study of phylogenetic relation between Pisces, Amphibia, Reptiles and Mammals based on
structure of Pituitary, Pancreas, Adrenal, Thyroid, Testis and ovary
3 Study of phylogenetic relation between Pisces, Amphibia, Reptiles and Mammals based on
molecular structure of insulin and somatotropin
5. Study of thyroxin on the metamorphosis of frog (With the help of chart)
6. Study of epinephrine and nor epinephrine on the glucose metabolism in fish model.
7. Finding the molecular weight of different hormones using TLC
8. Finding the molecular weight of various hormones using PAGE.
9. Finding the molecular weight of various hormones using 2D paper chromatography
10. Separation of hormones using PAGE and western blotting
11 Study of signal transduction pathway using chart or the video.
12. Study of G Protein coupled receptors using charts or the video.
13. Visit to IVF laboratory and submit a report.
Skeleton Paper MSC-II SEMESTER- IV (BPSZOOENDOP4)
Q. 1 Establish the phylogenetic relation between Pisces, Amphibia, Reptiles and Mammals 12
based on structure of Pituitary / Pancreas / Adrenal / Thyroid / Testis / Ovary.
OR
Q.1. Establish the phylogenetic relation between Pisces, Amphibia, Reptiles and Mammals 12
based on molecular structure of insulin / somatotropin.
Q.2 Find the effect of epinephrine and nor epinephrine on glucose metabolism from the 12
sample provided.
OR
Q.2 Find the molecular weight of the hormones provided using TLC/PAGE/ 2D Paper 12
chromatography (Minimum two hormones).
Q.3 Confirm the presence of hCG from given samples. 04
Q.4 Complete the given chart to explain the effect of thyroxin on metamorphosis in 04
amphibians.
OR
Q.4 Complete the given chart to explain the feedback control by thyroid gland 04
Q.5 Submit a report on In vitro fertilization and embryo transplantation. 08
References:
1. Barrington (1979) Hormones and evolution Vol I&II Academic press, New
York.
2. John F- Laycock and Peter H. Wise, Essential of Endocrinology
3. Wiliaimas R.H. (1974). Textbook of Endocrinology V.Ed. Saunders Press,
London
4.Endocrinlogy- Hadley
5. General endocrinology Bagrara and Tumer, W.B. Saunders.
6. The Physiology of Reproduction, Vol I& II E.K .Nobil and JU.
D.Neil, Raven Press, New York, 1988.
7. Benjamin Levin-Gene VII, Oxford University Press.
8.Lodish et al Molecular Cell Biology

Syllabus MSC Zoology

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B. K.

BIRLA COLLEGE OF ARTS, SCIENCE AND

Syllabus for M.Sc. Part-I

(With effect from 2021-22)

PO4 To demonstrate professional and ethical attitude with enormous

PO6 Responsible execution of their roles in society as professionals,

Paper II Biochemistry and Physiology-I BPSZOO102 04

Paper III Modern Concepts in Zoology-I BPSZOO103 04

Paper IV Techniques and Methodologies in Zoology-I BPSZOO104 04

Paper II Biochemistry and Physiology-II BPSZOO202 04

Paper III Modern Concepts in Zoology-II BPSZOO203 04

Paper IV Techniques and Methodologies in Zoology-II BPSZOO204 04

II DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY –I 15L

III SYSTEMATICS, TAXONOMY AND PHYLOGENY 15L

IV LABORATORY CULTURE OF SMALL ORGANISMS 15L

M.Sc.-1, Semester -1 BPSZOOP1 , Paper I Practical-I Credit-2 (50M)

Q.3 Demonstrate cyclosis/ Irritability/Chemotaxis in paramecium 06

Q.5 Viva-voce and Journal 10

III METABOLISM–I 15L

IV MAMMALIAN PHYSIOLOGY–I 15L

MSc. PART-I SEMESTER-I

Duration: 5hrs Marks: 50

Q.2 Qualitative tests for carbohydrates and identification of the nature of 10

Q.3 Determination of reducing sugars by 3,5‐dinitrosalicylic acid (colorimetric) 10

Q.4 Preparation of buffers of different pH using Henderson‐Hasselbalch equation 08

Q. 5 Viva-voce and Journal 10

II Animal Cell Biotechnology 15L

III GENETICS 15L

IV Recombinant DNA Technology 15L

Q.2 Demonstrate the aseptic transfer of media and wrapping technique. 10

Q.3 Identification: (Any 04) 08

Q. 4 Solve the given Problems A and B (Transcription / Translation / Restriction 08

Q.5 Viva-voce and Journal 10

II HISTOPATHOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL TECHNIQUES 15L

III INTRODUCTION TO NANO-BIOTECHNOLOGY 15L

Sr.No.. Practicals based on BPSZOO104

Q.2 Demonstrate synthesis of nano particles by sonochemical method (TiO2/ ZnO/ 10

Q.4 Estimate BOD / COD / Acidity / Alkalinity / Organic content / Nitrate-Nitrogen 10

Q.5 Journal and viva-voce 10

Paper II Biochemistry and Physiology-II BPSZOO202 04

Paper III Modern Concepts in Zoology-II BPSZOO203 04

Paper IV Techniques and Methodologies in Zoology-II BPSZOO204 04

II DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY –II 15L

III FUNDAMENTALS OF HISTOLOGY AND ENDOCRINOLOGY 15L

IV FUNDAMENTALS OF CELL BIOLOGY 15L

1. Presentations on the topics of Comparative anatomy -II

Q.2 Mount the bacterial cells from the given culture 08

Q.5 Identify and describe (any two):Stages in the life cycle of 04

Q.5 Viva and Journal 10

II CHEMICAL MESSSENGERS AND CELL SIGNALLING 15L

III METABOLISM–II 15L

IV MAMMALIAN PHYSIOLOGY–II 15L

MSc. PART-I SEMESTER-II

Suggestions for 40 marks internals:

Duration: 5hrs Marks: 50

Q. 1 Colorimetric estimation of protein by Peterson‐Lowry method 12

Q.2 Detection of conformation of BSA by viscosity measurement and effect of 10

Q.3 Qualitative tests for amino acids and Proteins 08

Q.4 Determination of acid value of fats/ oils 10