NEET Objective Physics Volume 2

Chapter Exercises

(A) Taking it together

Assorted questions of the chapter for advanced level practice
1 Figure shows the electric lines of force emerging 5 Two point charges of 20 µC and 80 µC are 10 cm
from a charged body. If the electric field at A and B apart. Where will the electric field strength be zero
are E A and E B respectively and if the distance on the line joining the charges from 20 µC charge?
between A and B is r, then (a) 0.1 m (b) 0.04 m
(c) 0.033 m (d) 0.33 m
6 For a dipole q = 2 × 10 −6 C and d = 0.01m. Calculate
A B the maximum torque for this dipole, if
E = 5 × 10 5 NC −1.
r
(a) 1 × 10−3 N -m−1 (b) 10 × 10−3 N -m−1
(c) 10 × 10−3 N -m (d) 1 × 102 N -m2
7 What is the magnitude of a point charge due to
EB EB which the electric field 30 cm away has the
(a) E A > EB (b) E A < EB (c) E A = (d) E A =
r r2 magnitude of 2 N/C? [1/4πε 0 = 9 × 10 9 N -m2 /C 2 ]
2 The insulation property of air breaks down at (a) 2 × 10−11 C (b) 3 × 10−11 C (c) 5 × 10−11 C (d) 9 × 10−11 C
6
E = 3 × 10 V/m. The maximum charge that can be
given to a sphere of diameter 5 m is approximately 8 A charge q is lying at mid-point of the line joining
(in coulombs) the two similar charges Q. The system will be in
−2 −3 equilibrium, if the value of q is
(a) 2 × 10 (b) 2 × 10
−4
(a) Q /2 (b) − Q /2 (c) Q /4 (d) − Q /4
(c) 2 × 10 (d) 2 × 10−5
9 Two point charges q and 2q are placed some distance
3 The electric field near a conducting surface having a apart. If the electric field at the location of q be E,
uniform surface charge density σ is given by then that at the location of 2q will be
σ (a) 3 E (b) E /2
(a) and is parallel to the surface
ε0 (c) E (d) None of these
2σ 3R
(b) and is parallel to the surface 10 The electric field at a distance from the centre of
ε0 2
σ a charged conducting spherical shell of radius R is E.
(c) and is normal to the surface
ε0 R
The electric field at a distance from the centre of
2σ 2
(d) and is normal to the surface
ε0 the sphere is
(a) zero (b) E (c) E /2 (d) E /3
4 A metallic solid sphere is placed in a uniform
electric field.The lines of force follow the path(s) 11 Electric field intensity at a point in between two
shown in figure as parallel sheets with like charges of same surface
charge densities (σ ) is
1 1 σ σ 2σ
(a) (b) (c) zero (d)
2ε 0 ε0 ε0
2 2
12 Two point charges +2 C and + 6 C repel each other
3 3 with a force of 12 N. If a charge of − 4 C is given to
4 4
each of these charges, the force now is
(a) 1 (b) 2 (a) 4 N (repulsive) (b) 4 N (attractive)
(c) 3 (d) 4 (c) 12 N (attractive) (d) 8 N (repulsive)
32 OBJECTIVE Physics Vol. 2

13 Three equal charges are placed on the three corners 19 The centres of two identical small conducting
of a square. If the force between q 1 and q 2 is F12 and spheres are 1 m apart. They carry charges of opposite
that between q 1 and q 3 is F13 , then the ratio of kind and attract each other with a force F. When
magnitudes (F12 /F13 ) is they are connected by a conducting thin wire they
(a) 1/2 (b) 2 (c) 1/ 2 (d) 2 repel each other with a force F/3. What is the ratio
of magnitude of charges carried by the spheres
14 A conductor has been given a charge − 3 × 10 −7 C by initially?
transferring electron. Increase in mass (in kg) of the (a) 1 : 1 (b) 2 : 1
conductor and the number of electrons added to the (c) 3 : 1 (d) 4 : 1
conductor are respectively
20 q, 2q, 3q and 4q charges are placed at the four
(a) 2 × 10−16 and 2 × 1031 (b) 5 × 10−31 and 5 × 1019 corners A, B, C and D of a square. The field at the
(c) 3 × 10−19 and 9 × 1016 (d) 2 × 10−18 and 2 × 1012 centre P of the square has the direction along
15 The ratio of electrostatic and gravitational forces q 2q
A B
acting between electron and proton separated by a
distance 5 × 10 −11m, will be (charge on electron
. × 10 −19 C, mass of electron = 91
= 16 . × 10 −31 kg,
P
mass of proton = 16. × 10 −27 kg,
G = 6.7 × 10 −11 N-m2 /kg 2 ) D C
4q 3q
(a) 2.36 × 1039 (b) 2.36 × 1040
(c) 2.34 × 1041 (d) 2.34 × 1042 (a) AB (b) CB
16 Two similar small spheres having +q and −q charge (c) AC (d) BD
are kept at a certain distance. F force acts between 21 A ball with charge − 50 e is placed at the centre of a
the two. If in the middle of two spheres, another hollow spherical shell having a charge of − 50 e.
similar small sphere having +q charge is kept, then it What is the charge on the shell’s outer surface?
will experience a force in magnitude and direction as (a) − 50 e (b) Zero
(a) zero, having no direction (b) 8 F , towards +q charge (c) − 100 e (d) + 100 e
(c) 8 F , towards − q charge (d) 4 F , towards + q charge
22 Two parallel metal plates having charges + Q and
17. Two small conducting spheres of equal radius have −Q face each other at a certain distance between
charges +10 µC and −20 µC respectively and placed at them. If the plate are now dipped in kerosene oil
a distance R from each other. They experience force tank, the electric field between the plates will
F1. If they are brought in contact and separated to the (a) became zero (b) increase
same distance, they experience force F2 . The ratio of (c) decrease (d) remain same
F1 to F2 is
23 A charged block is projected on a rough horizontal
(a) 1 : 8 (b) − 8 : 1 (c) 1 : 2 (d) − 2 : 1
surface with speed v 0 . The value of coefficient of
18 A positive point charge is brought near an isolated friction if the kinetic energy of the block remains
conducting sphere as shown in figure. The electric constant is
field is best given by [NCERT Exemplar]
q E
+q +q
+q +q m v0
i
qE qE
(a) (b)
mg m
(c) qE (d) None of these
24 A solid conducting sphere of radius a has a net positive
charge 2Q. A conducting spherical shell of inner radius
b and outer radius c is concentric with the solid sphere
and has a net charge −Q.
(a) (b) (c) (d)
Electric Charges and Fields 33
The surface charge density on the inner and outer (b) directed perpendicular to the plane but towards the
surfaces of the spherical shell will be plane
(c) directed radially away from the point charge
(d) directed radially towards the point charge
30 If linear charge density of a wire as shown in the
a
figure is λ, then
b
R
c
2Q Q Q Q
(a) − , (b) − , λ
4 πb 2 4 πc 2 4 πb 2 4 πc 2 (a) electric field at the centre is
Q 2ε 0
(c) 0, (d) None of these
4 πc 2 λ
(b) electric field at the centre of the loop is
25 The electric flux through the surface 2πε 0R
λ λ
S (c) electric field at the centre of the loop is +
S 2πε 0R 2ε 0R
S
S (d) None of the above
+q +q 31 Figure shown below is a distribution of charges. The
+q +q
flux of electric field due to these charges through the
surface S is
S
(i) (ii) (iii) (iv) +q +q
(a) in Fig. (iv) is the largest
(b) in Fig. (iii) is the least
+q
(c) in Fig. (ii) is same as Fig. (iii) but is smaller than Fig. (iv)
(d) is the same for all the figures (a) 3q /ε 0 (b) 2q /ε 0
26 A mass m = 20 g has a charge q = 3.0 mC. It moves (c) q /ε 0 (d) zero
with a velocity of 20 ms −1 and enters a region of 32 A cylinder of radius R and length L is placed in a
electric field of 80 NC −1 in the same direction as the uniform electric field E parallel to the cylinder axis.
velocity of the mass. The velocity of the mass after The total flux for the surface of the cylinder is given
3s in this region is by
(a) 2πR 2E (b) πR 2 /E (c) (πR 2 / πR )/ E (d) zero
(a) 80 ms −1 (b) 56 ms −1 (c) 44 ms −1 (d) 40 ms −1
27 Three concentric metallic spherical shells of radii 33 A square surface of side L metres is in the plane of
R, 2R, 3R are given charges Q1 Q 2 Q 3, respectively. It the paper. A uniform electric field E (volt/m), also in
is found that the surface charge densities on the the plane of the paper, is limited only to the lower
outer surfaces of the shells are equal. Then, the ratio half of the square surface, (see figure). The electric
flux in SI units associated with the surface is
of the charges given to the shells Q1 : Q 2 : Q 3 is
(a) 1 : 2 : 3 (b) 1 : 3 : 5
(c) 1 : 4 : 9 (d) 1 : 8 : 18 E
28 Electric charges q , q , − 2q are placed at the corners

of an equilateral triangle ABC of side l. The (a) zero (b) EL2
magnitude of electric dipole moment of the system is (c) EL2 /(2ε 0 ) (d) EL2 /2
(a) ql (b) 2ql
(c) 3ql (d) 4ql 34 Two identical conducting spheres carrying different
charges attract each other with a force F when
29 A point charge +q is placed at a distance d from an placed in air medium at a distance d apart. The
isolated conducting plane. The field at a point P on spheres are brought into contact and then taken to
the other side of the plane is [NCERT Exemplar] their original positions. Now, the two spheres repel
(a) directed perpendicular to the plane and away from the each other with a force whose magnitude is equal to
plane that of the initial attractive force.
The ratio between initial charges on the spheres is 41 The figure shows the path of a positively charged
(a) (3 + 8 ) only (b) − 3 + 8 only particle 1 through a rectangular region of uniform
(c) (3 + 8 ) or (3 − 8 ) (d) + 3 electric field as shown in the figure. What is the
direction of electric field and the direction of
35 Under the action of a given coulombic force, the particles 2, 3 and 4?
acceleration of an electron is 2.5 × 10 22 ms −2 . Then, Top
the magnitude of the acceleration of a proton under 2s r3
the action of same force is nearly 1r s4
−19 −2 31 −2 Down
(a) 1.6 × 10 ms (b) 9.1 × 10 ms
−2 (a) Top, down, top, down (b) Top, down, down, top
19
(c) 1.5 × 10 ms (d) 1.6 × 1027 ms−2
(c) Down, top, top, down (d) Down, top, down, down
36 A drop of 10 −6 kg water carries 10 −6 C charge. What 42 The electric field intensity due to a dipole of length
electric field should be applied to balance its weight? 10 cm and having a charge of 500 µC, at a point on
(assume, g = 10 ms −2 ) the axis at a distance 20 cm from one of the charges
(a) 10 V /m, upward (b) 10 V /m, downward in air, is
(c) 01
. V /m, downward (d) 0.1 V /m, upward (a) 6.25 × 107 N/C (b) 9.28 × 107 N/C
37 Figures below show regular hexagons, with charges (c) 13.1 × 1110 N/C (c) 20.5 × 107 N/C
at the vertices. In which of the following cases the 43 Two electric dipoles of moment p and 64p are placed
electric field at the centre is not zero?
q q q _q in opposite direction on a line at a distance of 25 cm.
The electric field will be zero at point between the
dipoles whose distance from the dipole of moment p
q q q q
is
q q q _q 25 4
(a) 5 cm (b) cm (c) 10 cm (d) cm
(1) 9 13
(2)
2q 2q 2q q 44 Two spherical conductors B and C having equal radii
and carrying equal charges on them repel each other
q q q 2q with a force F, when kept apart at some distance. A
third spherical conductor having same radius as that
2q 2q 2q q of B but uncharged is brought in contact with B,
(3) (4) then brought in contact with C and finally removed
away from both. The new force of repulsion between
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4 B and C is
38 The electric charges are distributed in a small volume. (a) F/4 (b) 3F/4
The flux of the electric field through a spherical surface (c) F/8 (d) 3F/8
of radius 10 cm surrounding the total charge is 20 V-m. 45 A sample of HCl gas is placed in an electric field of
The flux over a concentric sphere of radius 20 cm will 3 × 10 4 NC −1. The dipole moment of each HCl
be
(a) 20 Vm (b) 10 Vm (c) 40 Vm (d) 5 Vm
molecule is 6 × 10 −30 C-m. The maximum torque
that can act on a molecule is
39 Two charges of −4 µC and + 4 µC are placed at the
(a) 2 × 10−34 C2N −1m (b) 2 × 10−34 N-m
points A(1, 0, 4) and B(2, − 1, 5) located in an electric
(c) 18 × 10−26 N-m (d) 0.5 × 1034 C−2 N −1 m−1
field E = 20 $i V /C-m. Then, torque acting on the
dipole will be 46 Two positive ions, each carrying a charge q , are
(a) 2.31 × 10 −4
N-m (b) 1.13 × 10 −4
N-m
separated by a distance d. If F is the force of
repulsion between the ions, then the number of
(c) 8.0 × 10−4 N-m (d) 3.04 × 10−4 N-m
electrons missing from each ion will be (e being the
40 An infinite line charge produces a field of charge on an electron)
7.18 ×10 8 N/C at a distance of 2 cm. The linear 4πε 0Fd 2 4πε 0Fe 2
(a) (b)
charge density is e d2
(a) 7.27 × 10−4 C /m (b) 7.98 × 10−4 C /m 4πε 0Fd 2 4πε 0Fd 2
(c) (d)
(c) 7.11 × 10−4 C /m (d) 7.04 × 10−4 C /m e2 e2
Q 2 = +q
47 Among two discs A and B, first has radius 10 cm and 3
2
charge 10 −6 C and second has radius 30 cm and
charge 10 −5 C. When they are touched, charges on 4
both are, q A and q B respectively, will be M
(a) q A = 2.75 µC, qB = 3.15 µC 1
(b) q A = 1.09 µC, qB = 1.53 µC
(c) q A = qB = 5.5 µC Q 1 = +q Q 3 = +q
(d) None of the above (a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4
q 53 ABC is an equilateral triangle. Charges +q are placed
48 Two point charges −q and + are situated at the
2 at each corner. The electric intensity at O (say the
origin and at the point (a, 0, 0 ) respectively. The centroid of the triangle) will be
point along the X-axis where the electric field A
vanishes is +q
a 2a 2a
(a) x = (b) x = 2a (c) x = (d) x = r
2 2 −1 2 +1
O
49 In figure two positive charges q 2 and q 3 fixed along r r
theY-axis, exert a net electric force in the
B C
+ x-direction on a charge q 1 fixed along the X-axis. +q +q
If a positive charge Q is added at (x, 0 ), then the 1 q 3 q 1 3q
force on q 1 [NCERT Exemplar] (a) ⋅ 2 (b) ⋅ (c) zero (d) ⋅ 2
4πε 0 r 4πε 0 r 4πε 0 r
Y Y
(i) (ii) 54 Equal charges q are placed at the four corners A, B, C
q2 q2
Q and D of a square of length a. The magnitude of the
X X force on the charge at B will be
q1 q1 O (x, 0)
3q 2 q2
q3 q3 (a) (b)
4πε 0a 2 4πε 0a 2
(a) shall increase along the positive X-axis.
1 + 2 2  q 2  1  q2
(b) shall decrease along the positive X-axis. (c)   (d) 2 + 
(c) shall point along the negative X-axis.  2  4πε 0a 2  2  4πε 0a 2
(d) shall increase but the direction changes because of the
intersection of Q with q 2 and q 3 55 A small element l is cut from a circular ring of radius
a and charge per unit length λ. The net electric field
50 A hemisphere is uniformly charged positively. The
at the centre of ring is
electric field at a point on a diameter away from the −λl
centre is directed [NCERT Exemplar] (a) zero (b)
4πε 0a 2
(a) perpendicular to the diameter
(b) parallel to the diameter λ
(c) infinity (d)
(c) at an angle tilted towards the diameter 4πε 0l
(d) at an angle tilted away from the diameter
56 Two point charges q 1 = 2 µC and q 2 = 1 µC are placed
51 A ring of radius R is uniformly charged. Linear at distances b = 1cm and a = 2 cm from the origin of
charge density is λ. An imaginary sphere of radius R theY and X-axis as shown in figure. The electric
is drawn with its centre on circumference of ring. field vector at point P (a, b ) will subtend an angle θ
Total electric flux passing through the sphere would with the X-axis given by
be Y
2 π Rλ π Rλ q1
(a) (b) P (a,b)
ε0 ε0
(c) zero (d) None of these b
52 Three point charges as shown are placed at the
vertices of an isosceles right angled triangle. Which O a q2
X
of the numbered vectors coincides in direction with
the electric field at the mid-point M of the (a) tan θ = 1 (b) tan θ = 2
hypotenuse? (c) tan θ = 3 (d) tan θ = 4
57 Two small spherical balls each carrying a charge (b) 2qa along the line joining points (x = 0, y = 0, z = 0)
Q = 10 µC (10 micro-coulomb) are suspended by two and (x = a, y = a, z = 0)
insulating threads of equal lengths 1m each, from a (c) qa along the line joining points (x = 0, y = 0, z = 0) and
point fixed in the ceiling. It is found that in (x = a, y = a, z = 0)
equilibrium threads are separated by an angle 60° (d) 2qa along +x-direction
between them, as shown in the figure. What is the 62 A charge 10 µC is placed at the centre of a
tension in the threads ? hemisphere of radius R = 10 cm as shown. The
1 electric flux through the hemisphere (in MKS units)
(Given, = 9 × 10 9 Nm/C 2 )
(4πε 0 ) is
+10 µC
60° R
(a) 20 × 105 (b) 10 × 105

5
(c) 6 × 10 (d) 2 × 105
63 Electric charge is uniformly distributed along a long
(a) 18 N (b) 1.8 N
straight wire of radius 1mm. The charge per
(c) 018
. N (d) None of these
centimetre length of the wire is Q coulomb. Another
58 An infinite number of charges, each of charge 1µC, cylindrical surface of radius 50 cm and length 1m
are placed on the X-axis with coordinates symmetrically encloses the wire as shown in the
x = 1, 2, 4, 8, …, ∞. If a charge of 1 C is kept at the figure. The total electric flux passing through the
origin, then what is the net force acting on 1C cylindrical surface is
charge +
+
(a) 9000 N (b) 12000 N +
(c) 24000 N (d) 36000 N
59 An electron moving with the speed 5 × 10 6 ms −1 is
shooted parallel to the electric field of intensity 1m
1 × 10 3 N /C. Field is responsible for the retardation
of motion of electron. Now, evaluate the distance
travelled by the electron before coming to rest for an +
+ 50 cm
instant. (Mass of electron = 9 × 10 −31 kg and charge +
. × 10 −19 C)
= 16
(a) 7m (b) 0.7 mm Q 100 Q 10 Q 100 Q
(a) (b) (c) (d)
(c) 7 cm (d) 0.7 cm ε0 ε0 (πε 0 ) (πε 0 )
60 An electric dipole coincides on Z-axis and its 64 Which of the following graphs shows the variation of
mid-point is on origin of the coordinates system. The electric field E due to a hollow spherical conductor
electric field at an axial point at a distance z from of radius R as a function of distance from the centre
origin is E ( z ) and electric field at an equatorial point of the sphere?
at a distance y from origin is E ( y ) . Here, z = y >> a,
E (z ) E E
so =…
E (y ) (a) (b)
(a) 1 (b) 4
(c) 3 (d) 2
R r R r
61 Three point charges +q, −2q and +q are placed at
points (x = 0 , y = a, z = 0 ), (x = 0 , y = 0 z = 0 ) and E E
(x = a , y = 0 , z = 0 ), respectively. The magnitude
(c) (d)
and direction of the electric dipole moment vector of
this charge assembly are
(a) 2qa along + y-direction r r
R R
65 In a uniformly charged non-conducting sphere of 70 The distance between the two charges 25 µC and
total charge Q and radius R, the electric field E is 36 µC is 11 cm. At what point on the line joining the
plotted as function of distance from the centre. The two, the intensity will be zero?
graph which would correspond to the above will be (a) At a distance of 5 cm from 25 µC
(b) At a distance of 5 cm from 36 µC
E E (c) At a distance of 4 cm from 25 µC
(d) At a distance of 4 cm from 36 µC
(a) (b)
71 If 10 10 electrons are acquired by a body every
second, the time required for the body to get a total
R r R r charge of 1C will be
E E
(a) 2h (b) 2 days (c) 2 yr (d) 20 yr
72 ABC is an equilateral triangle. Charges −2q are
(c) (d) placed at each corner. The electric intensity at O
will be
R r R r –2q
A
66 An electric dipole is situated in an electric field of

a
uniform intensity E whose dipole moment is p and
moment of inertia is I. If the dipole is displaced
a a
slightly from the equilibrium position, then the O
angular frequency of its oscillations is –2q –2q
1/ 2 3/ 2
B C
 pE   pE  1 q 1
(a)   (b)   q
 I   I  (a) (b)
4πε 0 r 2 4πε 0 r
1/ 2 1/ 2
 I   p 1 3q
(c)   (d)   (c) zero (d)
 pE   IE  4πε 0 r2
67 Two point charges (+Q ) and (− 2Q ) are fixed on the 73 Two equally charged, identical metal spheres A and
X-axis at positions a and 2a from origin, respectively. B repel each other with a force F. The spheres are
At what positions on the axis, the resultant electric kept fixed with a distance r between them. A third
field is zero identical, but uncharged sphere C is brought in
(a) Only x = 2a (b) Only x = − 2a contact with A and then placed at the mid-point of
3a the line joining A and B. The magnitude of the net
(c) Both x = ± 2a (d) Only x = electric force on C is
2
(a) F (b) F /4 (c) F /2 (d) 4F
68 Charge q 2 of mass m revolves around a stationary −7
74 Two point charges + 10 C and −10 C are placed −7
charge q 1 in a circular orbit of radius r. The orbital at A and B, 20 cm apart as shown in the figure.
periodic time of q 2 would be Calculate the electric field at C, 20 cm apart from
1/ 2
 4π 2mr 3   kq q 
1/ 2 both A and B.
(a)   (b)  21 2 3  C
 kq1q 2   4π mr 
1/ 2 1/ 2
 4π 2mr 4   4π 2mr 2 
(c)   (d)   A B
 kq1q 2   kq1q 2 
+10–7C –10–7C
69 Four charges equal to −Q are placed at the four 20 cm
corners of a square and a charge q is at its centre. If (a) 1.5 × 10 N C −5 −1
(b) 2.2 × 104 NC−1
the system is in equilibrium, the value of q is (c) 3.5 × 106 NC−1 (d) 3.0 × 105 NC−1
−Q Q
(a) (1 + 2 2 ) (b) (1 + 2 2 ) 75 Two copper balls, each weighing 10 g, are kept in
4 4
−Q Q air 10 cm apart. If one electron from every 10 6
(c) (1 + 2 2 ) (d) (1 + 2 2 ) atoms is transferred from one ball to the other, then
2 2
the coulomb force between them is (atomic weight of 79 A hollow cylinder has a charge q coulomb within it.
copper is 63.5) If φ is the electric flux in units of volt-metre
(a) 2.0 × 1010 N (b) 2.0 × 104 N associated with the curved surface B, then the flux
(c) 2.0 × 108 N (d) 2.0 × 106 N linked with the plane surface A in units of
volt-metre will be
76 A wooden block performs SHM on a frictionless B
surface with frequency ν 0 . The block carries a
charge +Q on its surface. If now a uniform electric C A
field E is switched on as shown, then SHM of the
block will be 1q  q φ q
(a)  − φ (b) (c) (d) −φ
E 2  ε0  2ε 0 3 ε0
+Q 80 The adjacent diagram shows a charge +Q held on an
insulating support S and enclosed by a hollow
spherical conductor. O represents the centre of the
spherical conductor and P is a point such that
(a) of the same frequency and with shifted mean position OP = x and SP = r . The electric field at point P will
(b) of the same frequency and with the same mean position be
(c) of changed frequency and with shifted mean position Charge + Q on
insulating support
(d) of changed frequency and with the same mean position
S r
77 A thin conducting ring of radius R is given a charge O P
x
+ Q. The electric field at the centre O of the ring
due to the charge on the part AKB of the ring is E.
The electric field at the centre due to the charge on
the part ACDB of the ring is Q Q
(a) (b)
4πε 0 x 2 4πε 0r 2
A
(c) 0 (d) None of these
K
81 An infinitely long thin straight wire has uniform
1
C
O
B linear charge density of Cm−1. Then, the
3
magnitude of the electric intensity at a point 18 cm
D away is (given, ε 0 = 8.8 × 10 −12 C 2Nm−2 )
(a) E along KO (b) 3 E along OK (a) 0.33 × 1011NC−1 (b) 3 × 1011NC−1
(c) 3 E along KO (d) E along OK (c) 0.66 × 10 NC 11 −1
(d) 1.32 × 1011NC−1
78 Four point positive charges of same magnitude (Q )
are placed at four corners of a rigid square frame as 82 Two concentric conducting thin spherical shells A
shown in figure. The plane of the frame is and B having radii r A and rB (rB > r A ) are charged to
perpendicular to Z-axis. If a negative point charge is Q A and − QB (|QB | > |Q A |). The electrical field along
placed at a distance z away from the frame (z << L ), a line, (passing through the centre) is
then E E
Q Q (a) (b)
rB
0 x 0 rA x
L rA rB
E E
Z-axis
Q Q
(c) (d)
(a) negative charge oscillates along the Z-axis
(b) it moves away from the frame rB
x
rB
x
rA 0
(c) it moves slowly towards the frame and stays in the 0
rA
plane of the frame
(d) it passes through the frame only once
83 Two identical charged spheres suspended from a 87 In the given figure, two tiny conducting balls of
common point by two massless strings of length l are identical mass m and identical charge q hang from
initially a distance d (d << l ) apart because of their non-conducting threads of equal length L. Assume
mutual repulsion. The charge begins to leak from that θ is so small that tan θ −
~ sin θ, then for
both the spheres at a constant rate. As a result the equilibrium x is equal to
spheres approach each other with a velocity v. Then,
v as a function of distance x between them is,
θ θ
(a) v ∝ x −1/ 2 (b) v ∝ x −1 (c) v ∝ x1/ 2 (d) v ∝ x
L L
84 Charge q is uniformly distributed over a thin half
ring of radius R. The electric field at the centre of
the ring is
q q
(a) (b) q x q
2π ε 0R 2
2
4π ε 0R 2
2
1/ 3 1/ 3
q q  q 2L   qL2 
(c) (d) (a)   (b)  
4πε 0R 2 2πε 0R 2  2πε 0mg   2πε 0mg 
85 At what distance along the central axis of a  q 2L2 
1/ 3
 q 2L 
1/ 3
uniformly charged plastic disc of radius R is the (c)   (d)  

magnitude of the electric field equal to one-half the  4πε 0mg   4πε 0mg 
magnitude of the field at the centre of the surface of 88 Two small spheres of masses M1 and M 2 are
the disc? suspended by weightless insulating threads of
R R
(a) (b) (c) 2R (d) 3R lengths L1 and L 2 . The spheres carry charges Q1 and
2 3 Q 2 , respectively. The spheres are suspended such
86 An electron is released from the bottom plate A as that they are in level with one another and the
shown in the figure (E = 10 4 N/C ). The velocity of threads are inclined to the vertical at angles of θ 1
the electron when it reaches plate B will be nearly and θ 2 as shown. Which one of the following
equal to conditions is essential, if θ 1 = θ 2 ?
B
+ + + + + + +
θ1 θ2
2 cm
L1 L2
E =104 N/C
– – – – – – – M1 M2
A Q1 Q2
(a) 0.85 × 107 ms −1 (b) 1.0 × 107 ms −1 (a) M1 ≠ M 2 but Q1 = Q 2 (b) M1 = M 2

7 −1 7 −1 (c) Q1 = Q 2 (d) L1 = L2
. × 10 ms
(c) 125 (d) 1.65 × 10 ms
(B) Medical entrance special format questions

1 Assertion Due to two point charges, electric field
Assertion and reason
and potential cannot be zero at two points.
Directions (Q. Nos. 1-5) These questions consist of two
statements each printed as Assertion and Reason. While Reason Field is a vector quantity.
answering these questions you are required to choose anyone 2 Assertion In a region, where uniform electric field
of the following four responses. exists, the net charge within volume of any size is
(a) If both Assertion and Reason are correct and Reason is the zero.
correct explanation of Assertion. Reason The electric flux within any closed surface
(b) If both Assertion and Reason are correct but Reason is not
in region of uniform electric field is zero.
the correct explanation of Assertion.
(c) If Assertion is true but Reason is false. 3 Assertion Electric lines of forces cross each other.
(d) If Assertion is false but Reason is true. Reason Electric field at a point gives one direction.
4 Assertion The surface charge densities of two (a) E on the LHS of the above equation will have a
spherical conductors of different radii are equal. contribution from q 1, q 5 and q1, q 5 and q 3 while q on the
RHS will have a contribution from q 2 and q 4 only
Then, the electric field intensities near their surface
are also equal. (b) E on the LHS of the above equation will have a
contribution from all charges while q on the RHS will
Reason Surface charge density is equal to charge have a contribution from q 2 and q 4 only
per unit area.
(c) E on the LHS of the above equation will have a
5 Assertion If a dipole is enclosed by a surface, then contribution from all charges while q on the RHS will
according to Gauss’s law, electric flux linked with it have a contribution from q1, q 3 and q 5 only
will be zero. (d) Both E on the LHS and q on the RHS will
Reason The net charge enclosed by the surface is have contribution from q 2 and q 4 only
zero. 5 Which of the following statement(s) is/are correct?
I. Two identical balls are charged by q. They are
Statement based questions suspended from a common point by two insulating
threads of length l each. In equilibrium, the
1. Figure shows electric field lines in which an electric maximum angle between the tension in the threads
dipole p is placed as shown. Which of the following is 180°. (Ignore gravity).
statements is correct? [NCERT Exemplar]
II. In equilibrium tension in the springs is
1 q ⋅q
T =
4πε 0 l 2
–q +q
p (a) Only I (b) Only II
(c) Both I and II (d) None of these
(a) The dipole will not experience any force

(b) The dipole will experience a force towards right Match the columns
(c) The dipole will experience a force towards left 1. Match the following two columns and choose the
(d) The dipole will experience a force upwards option from codes given below.
2 Under the influence of the Coulomb field of charge Column I Column II
+Q, a charge −q is moving around it in an elliptical
orbit. Find out the correct statement(s). A. Electric charge p. [M −1L−3T 4 A 2 ]
(a) The angular momentum of the charge − q is constant
(b) The linear momentum of the charge − q is constant B. Electric field strength q. [MLT −3A −1 ]
(c) The angular velocity of the charge − q is constant
C. Absolute permittivity r. [MT −3A −1 ]
(d) The linear speed of the charge − q is constant
3 ‘All charge on a conductor must reside on its outer D. Electric dipole s. None
surface’. This statement is true
(a) in all cases Codes
(b) for spherical conductors only (Both solid and hollow) A B C D
(c) for hollow spherical conductors only (a) s q p s
(d) for conductors which do not have any sharp points or (b) s q r p
corners (c) q p s r
4 Five charges q 1, q 2, q 3, q 4 , and q 5 are fixed at their (d) q q p s
positions as shown in figure. S is a Gaussian surface. 2. Match the field lines given in Column I with the
q charge configuration due to which field lines exist in
The Gauss’s law is given by ∫ E ⋅ dS = . Which of
ε0 Column II.
S
the following statements is correct? Column I Column II
[NCERT Exemplar] A. p. A pair of equal and
opposite charges
q1 S
q2 O
q4
q5 q3
Column I Column II 3. Four metallic plates are charged as shown in figure.

B. q. A pair of positive Now, match the following two columns. Then,
charges choose the option from codes given below.
σ –2σ σ
O
I II III IV
C. r. A single positive charge

Column I Column II
A. Electric field in region-I p. σ
O O
ε0
B. Electric field in region-II q. −σ

ε0
D. s. A single negative
C. Electric field in region-III r. σ
O O charge
2ε0
D. Electric field in region-IV s. zero

Codes Codes
A B C D A B C D A B C D A B C D
(a) s q r q (b) p q r s (a) p s q r (b) s p q s
(c) s r q p (d) p s r q (c) r q q p (d) s s p q
(C) Medical entrances’ gallery

Collection of questions asked in NEET & various medical entrance exams
1 A spherical conductor of radius 10 cm has a charge  1 

 take, = 9 ×109 Nm2 C−2, m e −~ 9 × 10−31kg, 
−7
of 3.2 × 10 C distributed uniformly. What is the  4 πε 0 
 
magnitude of electric field at a point 15 cm from the  e = 1.6 × 10−19 
centre of the sphere? [NEET 2020]
 1  (a) 1024 m/s 2 (b) 1023 m/s 2
 = 9 × 109 N-m2 /C2 
 4πε 0  [NEET 2020] (c) 1022 m/s 2 (d) 1025 m/s 2
5
(a) 1.28 × 10 N/C 6
(b) 1.28 × 10 N/C 4 Two point charges A and B, having charges +Q and
(c) 1.28 × 107 N/C (d) 1.28 × 104 N/C −Q respectively, are placed at certain distance apart
and force acting between them is F. If 25% charge of
2 The electric field at a point on the equatorial plane A is transferred to B, then force between the charges
at a distance r from the centre of a dipole having becomes [NEET 2019]
dipole moment p is given by (r >> separation of two 9F 16F 4F
(a) (b) (c) (d) F
charges forming the dipole, ε 0 = permittivity of free 16 9 3
space) [NEET 2020] 5 Two parallel infinite line charges with linear charge
p 2p densities +λ C/m and −λ C/m are placed at a
(a) E = (b) E =
4π ε 0 r 3 4π ε 0 r 3 distance of 2R in free space. What is the electric
p p field mid-way between the two line charges?
(c) E = − (d) E = − [NEET 2019]
4π ε 0 r 2 4π ε 0 r 3
2λ λ
(a) N/C (b) N/C
πε 0R πε 0R
3 The acceleration of an electron due to the mutual λ
attraction between the electron and a proton when (c) N/C (d) Zero
2 πε 0R
they are 1.6 Å apart is,
6 A hollow metal sphere of radius R is uniformly (a) 6 × 10−3 Nm (b) 3 × 10−3 Nm

charged. (c) 15 × 10−3 Nm (d) 1.5 × 10−3 Nm
The electric field due to the sphere at a distance r 12 If point charges Q1 = 2 × 10 −7 C and Q 2 = 3 × 10 −7 C
from the centre [NEET 2019]
are at 30 cm separation, then find electrostatic force
(a) zero as r increases for r < R , decreases as r increases for between them. [JIPMER 2018]
r>R
(b) zero as r increases for r < R , increases as r increases for (a) 2 × 10−3 N (b) 6 × 10−3 N (c) 5 × 10−3 N (d) 1 × 10−3 N
r>R 13 Suppose the charge of a proton and an electron differ
(c) decreases as r increases for r < R and for r > R slightly. One of them is −e and the other is (e + ∆e ).
(d) increases as r increases for r < R and for r > R If the net of electrostatic force and gravitational
7 Two metal spheres, one of radius R and the other of force between two hydrogen atoms placed at a
radius 2R respectively have the same surface charge distance d (much greater than atomic size) apart is
density σ. They are brought in contact and zero, then ∆e is of the order (Take, mass of
separated. What will be the new surface charge hydrogen, mh = 1.67 × 10 −27 kg) [NEET 2017]
densities on them? [NEET Odisha 2019] (a) 10−20 C (b) 10−23 C
5 5 5 5
(a) σP = σ, σQ = σ (b) σP = σ, σQ = σ (c) 10−37 C (d) 10−47 C
6 2 2 6
5 5 5 5 14 A certain charge Q is divided into two parts q and
(c) σP = σ, σQ = σ (d) σP = σ, σQ = σ
2 3 3 6 Q − q . How the charge Q and q must be related, so
8 A sphere encloses an electric dipole with charge that when q and (Q − q ) is placed at a certain
± 3 × 10 −6 C. What is the total electric flux across distance apart experience maximum electrostatic
repulsion? [JIPMER 2017]
the sphere? [NEET Odisha 2019]
(a) Q = 2q (b) Q = 3 q (c) Q = 4 q (d) Q = 4 q + c
(a) − 3 × 10−6 N-m 2 /C (b) Zero
(c) 3 × 106 N-m 2 /C (d) 6 × 10−6 N-m 2 /C 15 Two identical conducting balls A and B have
positive charges q 1 and q 2 respectively but q 1 ≠ q 2 .
9 An electron falls from rest through a vertical distance The balls are brought together so that they touch
h in a uniform and vertically upward directed electric each other and then kept in their original positions.
field E. The direction of electric field is now reversed, The force between them is [JIPMER 2017]
keeping its magnitude the same. A proton is allowed (a) less than that before the balls touched
to fall from rest in it through the same vertical (b) greater than that before the balls touched
distance h. The time of fall of the electron, in (c) same as that before the balls touched
comparison to the time of fall of the proton is (d) zero
[NEET 2018]
(a) 10 times greater (b) 5 times greater 16 A positively charged ball hangs from a silk thread.
(c) smaller (d) equal We put a positive test charge q 0 at a point and
measure F / q 0 , then it can be predicted that the
10 Positive charge Q is distributed uniformly over a electric field strength E [JIPMER 2017]
circular ring of radius R. A point particle having a (a) > F / q 0 (b) =
F
mass (m ) and a negative charge −q is placed on its q
axis at a distance x from the centre. Assuming x < R , (c) < F / q 0 (d) Cannot be estimated
find the time period of oscillation of the particle, if it
17 An electric dipole is placed at an angle of 30° with
is released from there [neglect gravity]. [AIIMS 2018]
an electric field intensity 2 × 10 5 N/C. It experiences
1/ 2 1/ 2
16π 3 ε 0R 3m   8π 2 ε 0R 3  a torque equal to 4 N-m. The charge on the dipole, if
(a)   (b)   the dipole length is 2 cm is [NEET 2016]
 Qq   q 
1/ 2 (a) 8 mC (b) 2 mC
2π 3 ε 0R 3  (c) 5 mC (d) 7 µC
(c)   (d) None of these
 3q  18 The electric field in a certain region is acting
11 An electric dipole consists of two opposite charges radially outward and is given by E = Ar . A charge
each 0.05 µC separated by 30 mm. The dipole is contained in a sphere of radius a centred at the
placed in an uniform external electric field of origin of the field will be given by [CBSE AIPMT 2015]
10 6 NC −1. The maximum torque exerted by the field (a) 4πε 0Aa 2 (b) Aε 0a 2
on the dipole is [AIIMS 2018] (c) 4πε 0Aa 3 (d) ε 0Aa 3
l
19 An electron of mass Me , initially at rest, moves ++++++++
through a certain distance in a uniform electric field θ
in time t 1 . A proton of mass M p also initially at rest, E
––––––––––
takes time t 2 to move through an equal distance in El  eEl 
this uniform electric field. Neglecting the effect of (a) θ = tan−1 (b) θ = tan−1  2 
mv 02  mv 0 
gravity, the ratio t 2 / t1 is nearly equal to [AIIMS 2015]
 eEl   eE 
Mp Me (c) θ = tan−1   (d) θ = tan− 1  2 
(a) 1 (b) (c) (d) 1836  mv 0   mv 0 
Me Mp
26 The line AA′ is on charged infinite A
20 A total charge of 5 µC is distributed uniformly on the
conducting plane which is perpendicular
surface of the thin walled hemispherical cup. If the to the plane of the paper. The plane has a
electric field strength at the centre of the θ
surface density of charge σ and B is ball B
hemisphere is 9 × 10 8 NC −1, then the radius of the of mass m with a like charge of
cup is magnitude q. B is connected by string A′
 1  from a point on the line AA′. The tangent of angle
 Take, = 9 × 10 9 N-m2 C −2  (θ ) formed between the line AA′ and the string is
 4 πε 0  [EAMCET 2015] [WB JEE 2015]
(a) 5 mm (b) 10 mm (c) 5 cm (d) 10 cm qσ qσ
(a) (b)
21 Two small spherical shells A and B are given positive 2ε 0mg 4πε 0mg
charges of 9 C and 4 C respectively and placed such qσ qσ
that their centres are separated by 10 m. If P is a (c) (d)
2πε 0mg ε 0mg
point in between them, where the electric field
intensity is zero, then the distance of the point P 27 The angle between the dipole moment and electric
from the centre of A is [Kerala CEE 2015] field at any point on the equatorial plane is
(a) 5 m (b) 6 m (c) 7 m (d) 8 m [KCET 2015]
(e) 4 m (a) 180° (b) 0° (c) 45° (d) 90°
22 A point charge q is situated at a distance r on axis 28 Pick out the statement which is incorrect? [KCET 2015]
from one end of a thin conducting rod of length L (a) A negative test charge experiences a force opposite to
having a charge Q [uniformly distributed along its the direction of the field.
length]. The magnitude of electric force between the (b) The tangent drawn to a line of force represents the
two is [Guj. CET 2015] direction of electric field.
(c) Field lines never intersect.
kQq 2kQ kQq kQq
(a) (b) (c) (d) (d) The electric field lines form closed loop.
r2 r (r + L ) r (r − L ) r (r + L )
29 A Gaussian surface in the cylinder of cross-section
23 When 10 19 electrons are removed from a neutral πa 2 and length L is immersed in a uniform electric
metal plate through some process, then the charge on field E with the cylinder axis parallel to the field.
it becomes [Guj. CET 2015] The flux φ of the electric field through the closed
(a) + 1.6 C (b) − 1.6 C (c) 1019 C (d) 10−19 C surface is [EAMCET 2015]
24 A charge Q is uniformly distributed over a large (a) 2 πa 2 E (b) πa 2 EL (c) πa 2 (2 + L ) E (d) zero
plastic plate. The electric field at point P close to 30 Two charges of 10 µC and −10 µC are placed at
centre of plate is 10 Vm −1. If the plastic plate is points A and B separated by a distance of 10 cm.
replaced by copper plate of the same geometrical Find the electric field at a point P on the
dimension and carrying the same charge Q, then the perpendicular bisector of AB at a distance of 12 cm
electric field at that point will be [CG PMT 2015] from its middle point. [UK PMT 2015]
(a) zero (b) 5 Vm −1 (c) 10 Vm −1 (d) 20 Vm −1 P
25 A uniform electric field is created between two 12 cm
parallel charged plates as shown below. An electron 10 µC –10 µ C
enters the field symmetrically between the plates 10 cm
A B
with a speed of v 0 . The length of each plate is l.
Find the angle of deviation of path of the electron as (a) 16.4 × 106 NC −1 (b) 28.4 × 106 NC −1
it comes out of the field. [CG PMT 2015] (c) 8. 2 × 106 NC −1 (d) 4.1 × 106 NC −1
31 If the electric field lines is flowing along axis of a 38 An electric dipole placed in a non-uniform electric
cylinder, then the flux of this field through the field experiences [UK PMT 2014]
cylindrical surface with the axis parallel to the field (a) Both a torque and a net force
is [where, r = radius of cylinder] [UP CPMT 2015] (b) Only a force but no torque
σ σ σ (c) Only a torque but no net force
(a) (b) (c) zero (d)
2πrε 0 ε0 2 ε0 (d) No torque and no net force
32 An inclined plane of length 5.60 m making an angle 39 What is the nature of Gaussian surface involved in
of 45° with the horizontal is placed in a uniform Gauss’s law of electrostatics? [KCET 2014]
(a) Scalar (b) Electrical
electric field E = 100 Vm−1. A particle of mass 1 kg
(c) Magnetic (d) Vector
and charge 10 −2 C is allowed to slide down from rest
40 Two pith balls carrying equal charges are suspended
position from maximum height of slope. If the
from a common point by strings of equal length, the
coefficient of friction is 0.1, then the time taken by
equilibrium separation between them is r. Now, the
the particle to reach the bottom is [Guj. CET 2015]
strings are rigidly clamped at half the height. The
(a) 1 s (b) 1.41 s
equilibrium separation between the balls now
(c) 2 s (d) None of these
becomes [NEET 2013]
33 Two charged spheres separated at a distance d exert
a force F on each other. If they are immersed in a
liquid of dielectric constant K = 2, then the force (if
all conditions are same) is [UK PMT 2014] y
(a) F / 2 (b) F y/2

(c) 2F (d) 4F
r r´
34 If a charge on the body is 1 nC, then how many
2
electrons are present on the body? [KCET 2014]  1   r   2r   2r 
(a)   (b)  3  (c)   (d)  
(a) 1.6 × 1019 (b) 6.25 × 109  2  2  3 3
(c) 6.25 × 1027 (d) 6.25 × 1028
41 An electric charge does not have which of the
35 Electric field at a point of distance r from a following properties? [J&K CET 2013]
uniformly charged wire of infinite length having (a) Total charge conservation
linear charge density λ is directly proportional to (b) Quantisation of charge
[Kerala CEE 2014] (c) Two types of charge
(a) r −1 (b) r (d) Circular line of force
(c) r 2 (d) r −2
42 The force of repulsion between two electrons at a
36 Two equal and opposite charges of masses m1 and m 2 certain distance is F. The force between two protons
are accelerated in a uniform electric field through separated by the same distance is (m p = 1836me )
the same distance. What is the ratio of their [Kerala CET 2013]
m F
accelerations, if their ratio of masses is 1 = 0.5? (a) 2F (b) F (c) 1836 F (d)
1836
m2
[KCET 2014] 43 Equal charge q each are placed at the vertices A and
a
(a) 1 = 0.5
a
(b) 1 = 1 B of an equilateral triangle ABC of side a. The
a2 a2 magnitude of electric intensity at the point C is
a a [UP CPMT 2012]
(c) 1 = 2 (d) 1 = 3 q 2q 3q 2q
a2 a2 (a) (b) (c) (d)
4πε 0a 2 4πε 0a 2 4πε 0a 2 4πε 0a 2
37 An electric dipole of dipole moment p is placed in a
uniform external electric field E. Then, the 44 If two charges + 4e and +e are at a distance x apart,
[Kerala CEE 2014] then at what distance charge q must be placed from
(a) torque experienced by the dipole is E × p +e, so that it is in equilibrium? [BCECE (Mains) 2012]
(b) torque is zero, if p is perpendicular to E x x
(c) torque is maximum, if p is perpendicular to E (a) (b)
2 3
(d) potential energy is maximum, if p is parallel to E
x 2x
(e) potential energy is maximum, if p is perpendicular to E (c) (d)
6 3
45 If a mass of 20 g having charge 3.0 mC moving with

velocity 20 ms −1 enters a region of electric field of L E
80 NC −1 in the same direction as the velocity of
θ
mass, then the velocity of mass after 3 s in the
region will be [BCECE 2012]
(a) 40 ms −1 (b) 44 ms −1 L
(c) 56 ms −1 (d) 80 ms −1
(a) EL2 (b) EL2 cos θ
46 The given figure shows a spherical Gaussian surface
(c) EL2 sin θ (d) zero
and a charge distribution. When calculating the flux
of electric field through the Gaussian surface, then 50 The electric field at a point due to an electric
the electric field will be due to [AMU 2012] dipole, on an axis inclined at an angle θ(< 90 ° ) to
the dipole axis, is perpendicular to the dipole axis,
+ q3 if the angle θ is [KCET 2011]
+ q1
(a) tan−1 (2) (b) tan−1 (1/2)
(c) tan−1 ( 2 ) (d) tan−1 (1/ 2 )
– q2
51 A soap bubble is given negative charge, then its
radius will be [DCE 2011]
(a) + q 3 alone (b) + q 1 and + q 3
(c) + q 1, + q 3 and − q 2 (d) + q 1 and − q 2 (a) increase (b) decrease
(c) remain changed (d) fluctuate
47 If the electric field is given by (5$i + 4$j + 9k
$ ), then
52 An electric dipole is placed in an uniform electric
the electric flux through a surface of area 20 unit field with the dipole axis making an angle θ with the
lying in the yz- plane will be [AFMC 2012] direction of the electric field. The orientation of the
(a) 100 unit (b) 80 unit dipole for stable equilibrium is [J&K CET 2011]
(c) 180 unit (d) 20 unit (a) π/6 (b) π/3
(c) 0 (d) π/2
48 A charge Q is enclosed by a Gaussian spherical
surface of radius R. If the radius is doubled, then the 53 There exists an electric field of 1 N/C along
outward electric flux will [CBSE AIPMT 2011] y-direction. The flux passing through the square of
(a) be reduced to half (b) remain the same 1 m placed in xy-plane inside the electric field is
[J&K CET 2011]
(c) be doubled (d) increase four times
(a) 1.0 Nm2 C−1 (b) 10.0 Nm2 C−1
49 A square surface of side L metre in the plane of the (c) 2.0 Nm2 C−1 (d) zero
paper is placed in a uniform electric field E 54 The total electric flux emanating from a closed surface
(volt/metre) acting along the same plane at an angle enclosing an α-particle is (e = electronic charge)
θ with the horizontal side of the square as shown in [Kerala CEE 2011]
figure. The electric flux linked to the surface in unit (a) 2e /ε 0 (b) e /ε 0
of Nm 2 C −1 is [CBSE AIPMT 2011] (c) eε 0 (d) ε 0e / 4
(e) 4e /ε 0
ANSWERS
CHECK POINT 1.1
1. (d) 2. (a) 3. (d) 4. (c) 5. (c) 6. (d) 7. (b) 8. (c) 9. (a) 10. (d)
CHECK POINT 1.2

1. (a) 2. (c) 3. (b) 4. (b) 5. (a) 6. (d) 7. (d) 8. (c) 9. (d) 10. (d)
11. (c) 12. (b)
CHECK POINT 1.3

1. (b) 2. (b) 3. (d) 4. (a) 5. (c) 6. (d) 7. (c) 8. (c)
CHECK POINT 1.4

1. (a) 2. (b) 3. (a) 4. (c) 5. (a) 6. (d) 7. (d) 8. (d)
CHECK POINT 1.5

1. (a) 2. (d) 3. (b) 4. (a) 5. (d) 6. (b) 7. (c) 8. (d) 9. (a) 10. (a)
11. (b) 12. (a) 13. (c)

1. (a) 2. (b) 3. (c) 4. (d) 5. (c) 6. (c) 7. (a) 8. (d) 9. (b) 10. (a)
11. (c) 12. (b) 13. (b) 14. (d) 15. (a) 16. (c) 17. (b) 18. (a) 19. (c) 20. (b)
21. (c) 22. (c) 23. (a) 24. (a) 25. (d) 26. (b) 27. (b) 28. (c) 29. (a) 30. (d)
31. (b) 32. (d) 33. (a) 34. (c) 35. (c) 36. (a) 37. (b) 38. (a) 39. (b) 40. (b)
41. (a) 42. (a) 43. (a) 44. (d) 45. (c) 46. (c) 47. (c) 48. (c) 49. (a) 50. (a)
51. (d) 52. (b) 53. (c) 54. (c) 55. (b) 56. (b) 57. (b) 58. (b) 59. (c) 60. (d)
61. (b) 62. (c) 63. (b) 64. (a) 65. (c) 66. (a) 67. (b) 68. (a) 69. (b) 70. (a)
71. (d) 72. (c) 73. (a) 74. (b) 75. (c) 76. (a) 77. (d) 78. (a) 79. (a) 80. (a)
81. (a) 82. (a) 83. (a) 84. (a) 85. (b) 86. (a) 87. (a) 88. (b)
(B) Medical entrance special format questions

l Assertion and reason
1. (b) 2. (a) 3. (d) 4. (b) 5. (a)
l Statement based questions
1. (c) 2. (a) 3. (a) 4. (b) 5. (a)
l Match the columns
1. (a) 2. (c) 3. (b)
(C) Medical entrances’ gallery

1. (a) 2. (a) 3. (c) 4. (a) 5. (b) 6. (a) 7. (d) 8. (b) 9. (c) 10. (a)
11. (d) 12. (b) 13. (c) 14. (a) 15. (b) 16. (a) 17. (b) 18. (c) 19. (b) 20. (a)
21. (b) 22. (d) 23. (a) 24. (c) 25. (b) 26. (a) 27. (a) 28. (d) 29. (d) 30. (d)
31. (c) 32. (b) 33. (a) 34. (b) 35. (a) 36. (c) 37. (c) 38. (a) 39. (d) 40. (b)
41. (d) 42. (b) 43. (c) 44. (b) 45. (c) 46. (c) 47. (a) 48. (b) 49. (d) 50. (c)
51. (a) 52. (c) 53. (d) 54. (a)
Hints & Explanations
2
l CHECK POINT 1.1 5  0.04
∴ = 
1 (d) Negative charge means excess of electron which increases F2  0.06
the mass of sphere B. ∴ Force between two charges, F2 = 11.25 N
2 (a) Charge on the sphere due to removed electrons
1 (+7 × 10 −6 )(−5 × 10 −6 ) 1 35 × 1012
q = + ne = 1014 × 1.6 × 10 −19 5 (a) F = =− N
4πε 0 r 2
4πε 0 r2
∴ q = 1.6 × 10 −5 C = 16 µC
1 (+5 × 10 −6 )(−7 × 10 −6 ) 1 35 × 1012
F′ = =− N
3 (d) A conductor has positive charge. So, there is a deficiency 4πε 0 r 2
4πε 0 r2
of electrons. ∴ F′ = F
14.4 × 10 −19
∴ Number of electrons = =9 q2
1.6 × 10 −19 6 (d) F = K ⋅
r2
4 (c) Charge on α-particle, q = ne If q is halved, r is doubled, then
∴ q = + 2e = 2 × 1.6 × 10 −19 (q / 2)2
⇒ F′ = K
= 3.2 × 10 −19 C (2r )2
q q2
5 (c) As, q = ne or n = ⇒ F′ = K
e 16r 2
80 × 10 −6 ⇒ F′ =
F
∴Number of extra electrons, n = = 5 × 10 14
1.6 × 10 −19 16
F
7 (b) When we rub glass rod with silk, excess electrons are The new force acting on each charge is .
transferred from glass to silk. So, glass rod becomes positively 16
charged and silk becomes negatively charged. Fa
7 (d) By using, K =
9 (a) When positively charged body connected to earth, then Fm
electrons flow from earth to body and body becomes neutral 10 −4
or uncharged. ⇒ K= =4
2.5 × 10 −5
l CHECK POINT 1.2 Q1Q 2 Q1Q 2 r
2
8 (c) We have, F = F ′ or 2
= 2
⇒ r′ =
q 4πε 0r 4πε 0r ′ K K
2 (c) Force, F = 9 × 10 9 ⋅
r2 G (m e )(m e )
9 (d) Gravitational force, Fg =
(2 × 10 −6 )2 r2
⇒ F = 9 × 10 9 ⋅ = 0.144 N
(0.5)2 1 (e )(e )
Also, electrostatic force, Fe =
1 (1× 10 −6 )(5 × 10 −6 ) 4πε 0 r 2
3 (b) Force, F1 = ⋅
4πε 0 r2 Fg G (m e )2 6.67 × 10 −11 × (9.1 × 10 −31)2
∴ = =
[if distance between them is r] Fe  1  2 9 × 10 9 × (1.6 × 10 −19 )2
 e
1 (5 × 10 )(1× 10 −6 )
−6  4πε 0 
Also, force, F2 = ⋅
4πε 0 r2 = 2.39 × 10 −43
F1 1 So, ratio of Fg /Fe is of order 10 −43.
∴ =
F2 1
10. (d) They will not experience any force, if | FG | = | Fe |
1 × 10–6 5 × 10–6
Gm 2 1 q2
F2 F1 ⇒ = ⋅
r 2
4πε 0 r 2
But direction of F1 and F2 are different. q2
⇒ = 4πε 0G
4 (b) According to Coulomb’s law, m2
2
1 F r  ⇒ q /m = 4πε 0G
F ∝ ⇒ 1 =  2
r2 F2  r1 
12. (b) Let FA = Force on charge at C due to charge at A 5 (c) The net field will be zero at a point outside the charges
and near the charge which is smaller in magnitude.
FA
C + 8q – 2q P
+ 2 mC 120°
x=0 x=L
L l
FB Suppose electric field is zero at P as shown in the figure.
k 8q k ⋅ (2q )
Hence, at P, 2
= ⇒l = L
60° (L + l ) l2
+ 1 mC – 1 mC
A 10 cm B
So, distance of P from origin is, L + L = 2L
6 (d) Due to symmetry of charges, electric field intensity is
10 −6 × 2 × 10 −6 equal and opposite due to charges. So, they cancel out. Hence,
∴ FA = 9 × 10 9 × = 1.8 N
(10 × 10 −2 )2 net electric field due to charge distribution at centre of cube
Similarly, FB = Force on charge at point C due to charge at B is zero.
q q
10 −6 × 2 × 10 −6
= 9 × 10 9 × = 1.8 N
(10 × 10 −2 )2
∴ Net force on C, q
Fnet = (FA )2 + (FB )2 + 2FAFB cos 120 ° q

2 2
= (1.8) + (1.8) + 2(1.8)(1.8)(−1/ 2) = 1.8 N
q q
l CHECK POINT 1.3 7 (c) At point A and C, electric field lines are dense and equally
mg 5 × 10 −5 × 10 spaced, so E A = E C .
1. (b) QE = mg ⇒ Q = = = 5 × 10 −5 µC
E 10 7 While at B, they are far apart.
Since, electric field is acting downward, so for balancing ∴ EA = EC > EB
charge must be negative. 8 (c) Electric lines of force never intersect the conductor. They
Q are perpendicular and slightly curved near the surface of
2. (b) Electric field, E = 9 × 10 9 ⋅ 2
r conductor.
5 × 10 −6 CHECK POINT 1.4
= 9 × 10 9 × ≈ 7 × 10 4 N/C l
(0.8)2
1. (a) Dipole moment, p = q × 2a = 1.6 × 10 −19 × 4.3 × 10 −9
3 (d) Electric field,
= 6.8 × 10 −28 C-m
Q9
E = 9 × 10 × 2
r 2. (b) On equatorial line electric field is given by
Q 1 p
⇒ 500 = 9 × 10 9 × 2 E equatorial = ⋅
(3) 4πε 0 r 3
⇒ Q = 0.5µC 1 2p
On axial line, E axial = ⋅
4πε 0 r 3
4 (a) E A = Electric field at mid-point M due to +5µC charge
∴ E axial = 2E equatorial
5 × 10 −6
= 9 × 10 9 × = 45 × 10 5 N/C or E a = 2E e
(0.1)2
2kp
3 (a) Axial electric field, E axis = 3 [along P]
+ 5 µC M + 10 µC r
kp
A EB EA B Equatorial electric field, E ⊥ = [opposite to P]
(2 r ) 3
20 cm
E axis E 0
⇒ E⊥ = =
E B = Electric field at M due to +10µC charge 16 16
10 × 10 −6
= 9 × 10 9 × = 90 × 10 5 N/C 4 (c) If dipole is rotated through an angle of 90° about its
(0.1)2 perpendicular axis, then given point comes on equatorial line.
Net electric field at M = | E B | − | E A| = 45 × 10 5 N/C So, field becomes half of previous value, i.e. E /2.
= 4.5 × 10 6 N/C, in the direction of E B , i.e. towards +5 µC 6 (d) Here, θ1 = 90 °
charge. θ 2 = 90 ° + 180 ° = 270 °
+q 8 (d) By using Gauss’s law, ∫ E ⋅ dA = ∫ (E1 + E 2 + E 3 + E 4 ) ⋅ dA

p
1 (q + q + q 3 + q 4 )
E = [Q enclosed] = 1 2
p ε0 ε0
λ 2λ
–q
90° 9 (a) Electric field, E = =
E 2πε 0r 4πε 0r
θ 2 = 270 ° E × 4πε 0r 1 0.02
or λ= = 18 × 10 4 × ×
∴ Work done = ∫ pE sin θ dθ 2 9 × 10 9 2
θ1 = 90 °
= 2 × 10 −7 C/m
°
= [− pE cos θ]270
90 ° =0
q 17.7 × 10 −4 C / m2
10. (a) Surface charge density, σ = =
7 (d) Work done in rotating the dipole, A 200
W = pE (cos θ1 − cos θ 2 ) The electric field outside the sheet is given by
= pE (cos 0 ° − cos 180 ° ) σ 17.7 × 10 −4
= pE [1− (−1)] = 2pE E = = = 5 × 10 5 N/C
2ε 0 2 × 8.85 × 10 −12 × 200
8 (d) Maximum torque is given by
11. (b) Electric field, E = σ / ε 0
τmax = pE [Q sin 90° = 1]
σe (2.0 ×10 −6 )(1.6 ×10 −19 )
= (q × 2a ) E = (4 × 10 −8 × 2 × 10 −4 ) × 4 × 10 8 F = Ee = =
ε0 8.85 ×10 −12
= 32 × 10 −4 N-m
The work done by the electron against this force in travelling
If θ = 180°, then a distance x metre,W = Fx
work done, W = pE (1− cos 180 ° ) Also, W = K = 100 eV = 1.6 × 10 −19 × 100 J
= pE [1− (−1)]
(2.0 × 10 −6 )(1.6 × 10 −19 )x
W = 2pE = 2 × 32 × 10 −4 ∴ = 100 × (1.6 × 10 −19 )
8.85 × 10 −12
= 64 × 10 −4 J x = 0.44 mm
1 q 0.2 × 10 −6
l CHECK POINT 1.5 12. (a) Electric field, E = ⋅ 2 = (9 × 10 9 ) ×
4πε 0 R (0.25)2
1 (a) Electric flux through the surface,
= 2.88 × 10 4 N/C
φ = E ⋅ S = (2$i + 4$j + 7 k$ ) ⋅ (10 $j ) = 40 unit
13. (c) We have, E = σ / ε 0
2 (d) Net electric flux passing from a closed surface in uniform
electric field is always zero. ⇒ σ = Eε 0 = 300 × (8.85 × 10 −12 ) = 2.6 ×10 −9 C/m2
3 (b) From Gauss’s law,
f1 f2 1. (a) Electric lines are closer at A. So, the strength of electric
Q
field at A is more than B, i.e. E A > E B .
2. (b) Electric field on the surface of a conducting sphere is
1 q
Total charge enclosed E = ⋅
Net flux = 4πε 0 r 2
ε0
3 × 10 6 × (2.5)2
1 ∴ Charge, q = Er 2 ⋅ 4πε 0 = ~ 2 × 10 −3 C
−
= ×Q 9 × 10 9
ε0
∴ Q = ε 0 (φ 2 − φ1) 4 (d) Electric line of force are perpendicular to the surface of a
1 conductor. Inside the sphere, no lines are present.
4 (a) Flux from one face = (total flux) Hence, option (d) is correct.
6
1 q  1 5 (c ) Let neutral point be obtained at a distance x from 20 µC
=   = [Q q = 2 C]
6  ε 0  3ε 0 charge. Hence, at neutral point
1 20 × 10 −6 1 80 × 10 −6
1 =
5 (d) By Gauss’s law, φ = [Q enclosed] 4πε 0 x 2
4πε 0 (0.10 − x )2
ε0
20 80
⇒ Q enclosed = φε 0 = [−8 × 10 3 + 4 × 10 3]ε 0 =
x 2 (0.10 − x )2
= − 4 × 10 3 ε 0 C
x = + 0.033 m
6 (c) Torque, τmax = pE = q (d )E = 2 × 10 −6 × 0.01 × 5 × 10 5 . × 10 −31 kg

Mass of one electron, m e = 91
= 10 × 10 −3 N-m Increase mass of the conductor = m e × n
q = 9.1 × 10 −31 × 2 × 1012
7 (a) Electric field due to a point charge, E =
4πε 0r 2 = 18.2 × 10 −19 kg ≈ 2 × 10 −18 kg
2
1  30  −11
∴ q = E × 4πε 0r 2 = 2 × ×  = 2 × 10 C 15 (a) Gravitational force,
9 × 10 9  100  Gm em p
FG =
8 (d ) For the system to be in equilibrium, net force on charge Q r2
should be zero. So, Q and q should be unlike in nature. 6.7 × 10 −11 × 9.1 × 10 −31 × 1.6 × 10 −27
k ⋅ Qq kQ ⋅ Q −Q FG =
∴ + = 0 or charge, q = (5 × 10 −11)2
r2 (2r )2 4
= 3.9 × 10 −47 N
9 (b) As, electric field at q is E, so force on charge q 1 e2
Electrostatic force, Fe =
F = qE …(i) 4πε 0 r 2
Let the electric field at 2q is E′, so force on 2q will be
9 × 10 9 × 1.6 × 10 −19 × 1.6 × 10 −19
F ′ = 2qE ′ …(ii) Fe =
(5 × 10 −11)2
But, according to Coulomb’s law,
= 9.22 × 10 −8 N
F ′ = F ⇒ 2qE ′ = qE [from Eqs. (i) and (ii)]
⇒ E ′ = E /2 Fe 9.22 × 10 −8
So, =
10 (a) Electric field inside shell is zero.
FG 3.9 × 10 −47
= 2.36 × 10 39
11 (c ) Situation is shown in the figure
σ σ 16 (c) Situation is shown in figure below
+ +
+ + +q +q _q
+ +
E≠0 + E=0 + E≠0 A B FA FC C
+ + r/2 r/2
r
+ +
+ +
Force between A and C,
2 1 q2
Electric field between two parallel sheets = (σ − σ ) = 0 F = ⋅
2ε 0 4πε 0 r 2
q1q 2 2× 6 When sphere B is kept at the mid-point of line joining A and
12 (b ) Force, F = k 2
⇒ 12 = k …(i)
r r2 C, then net force on B is
When a charge of − 4C is given to each of these charges, then 1 q2 1 q2
Fnet = FA + FC = ⋅ + ⋅
q1 = − 2 C , q 2 = 2 C 4πε 0 (r / 2) 2
4πε 0 (r / 2)2
(−2)(2)
and F′ = k …(ii) 1 q2
r2 = 8⋅ ⋅ = 8F
4πε 0 r 2
On dividing Eq. (ii) by Eq. (i), we get
F′ −4  q + q 2   10 − 20 
= 17 (b ) We have, q1′ = q 2′ =  1  =  = − 5 µC
 2   2 
12 12
F′ = − 4 N F1 q1q 2 (10 )(−20 ) 8
∴ = = =− (Q F ∝ q 1 q 2)
Here, negative sign indicates that force is attractive. F2 q1′ q 2′ (−5) × (−5) 1
k (q 2 ) q a q
13 (b) Force, F12 = 18 (a) When a positive point charge is brought near an isolated
a2 conducting sphere without touching the sphere, then the free
k (q 2 ) √2a electrons in the sphere are attracted towards the positive
Force, F13 = a charge making left side negatively charged. This leaves an
( 2a )2
excess of positive charge on the rear (right) surface of sphere
F 2
∴ Ratio, 12 = as shown below
F13 1 q
Attracted negative
−7
14 (d) Here, q = − 3 × 10 C charge
Number of electrons transferred to the conductor is
q −3 × 10 −7 C
n= = ≈ 2 × 1012 +q
e −1.6 × 10 −19 C
Electric field lines start from positive charge and end at through a surface does not depend on the shape, size or area
negative charge (in this case from positive point charge to of a surface but it depends on the total charge enclosed by the
negative charge created inside the sphere). surface.
Also, electric field line emerges from a positive charge, in So, here in this question, all the figures have same electric
case of single charge and ends at infinity. flux as all of them has single positive charge.
Here, all these conditions are fulfilled in figure (a). 26 (b ) When charged particle enters in a uniform electric field,
19 (c) From Coulomb’s law, then force on charged particle, F = qE
q1q 2 ∝ F [Q r = 1m] …(i) Also, F = ma
 q1 – q 2   q1 – q 2  F ∴ ma = qE
    ∝ …(ii)
 2   2  3 qE 3 × 10 −3 × 80
or acceleration, a = = = 12 ms −2
Dividing Eq. (i) by Eq (ii), we get m 20 × 10 −3
q1 3 So, from equations of motion
=
q2 1 v = u + at = 20 + 12 × 3 = 56 ms −1
20 (b ) E q + E 3q is along PA 27 (b) On the outer surfaces of the shell surface charge densities
E 2q + E 4 q is along PB are equal
∴ Enet is along CB. Q 3 + Q 2 + Q1 Q 2 + Q1 Q1
= =
4π (3R )2 4π (2R )2 4πR 2
21 (c) Let the induced charge on inner surface and outer surface
is q1 and q 2 respectively, then q1 + q 2 = −50e . Q 3+Q 2+Q 1
Here, charge q1 induced due to ball is + 50e. Q 1+Q 2
–Q 1 Q
So, + 50e + q 2 = − 50e 1
R
⇒ q 2 = −100e
σ 2R 3R
22 (c) Electric field in vacuum, E 0 =
ε0
σ
In medium, E 2 = Q 3 + Q 2 + Q1 Q 2 + Q1 Q + Q1 Q1
ε 0K = and 2 =
9 4 4 1
If K > 1, then E 2 < E 0 . ⇒ Q 2 = 3Q1
i.e. if the plates are dipped in kerosene oil tank, the electric Q 3 + Q 2 + Q1 Q1
field between the plates will decrease. ∴ = ⇒ Q 3 = 5Q1
9 1
23 (a) Force on a charged particle, qE = µmg Hence, Q1 : Q 2 : Q 3 = 1: 3 : 5
where, µ is coefficient of friction 28 (c) The situation is shown below.
qE
∴ µ= A
mg +q
Charge 60°
24 (a) Surface charge density (σ ) =
Surface area l l
So, surface charge density on the inner surface
− 2Q
σ inner = 60° 60°
– 2q
4πb 2 +q
l
B C
–Q + 2Q = Q
The direction of dipole moment is shown in figure.
–2Q
b p
a
+2Q c
pnet
Q
and surface charge density on the outer surface, σ outer = p 60°
4πc 2
25 (d) Gauss’s law of electrostatic states that, the total electric Net electric dipole moment,
flux through a closed surface is equal to the charge enclosed p net = p 2 + p 2 + 2pp cos 60 ° = 3p
Q
divided by the permittivity, i.e. φ = . Thus, electric flux
ε0 = 3 ql [Q p = ql ]
29 (a) When a positive point charge brought near an isolated 36 (a) By using, QE = mg
conducting plane, then some negative charge developes on
mg 10 −6 × 10
the surface of the plane towards the charge and an equal ⇒E = = = 10 V / m, upward because
positive charge developes on opposite side to the plane. So, Q 10 −6
the field at point p on other side in directed perpendicular to charge is positive.
plane and away from it. 37 (b ) In Figs. (1), (3) and (4), net electric field is zero because
30 (d) Electric field at centre due to circular portion is zero electric field at a point due to positive charge acts away from
because electric field due to each charged element at centre the charge and due to negative charge, it acts towards the
will be cancel out by the electric field due the charged charge. So for Fig. (2),
element of its just opposite side.
1 1
31 (b) Flux of electric field, φ = × Q in = (2 q ) E
ε0 ε0 E
120°
32 (d) Flux through surface A, φ A = E × πR 2 and B, E net
E
φ B = − E × πR 2 E
dS
Here, net electric field in Fig. (2) is
E = (2E )2 + (2E )2 + (2E )(2E ) ⋅ 2 cos 120 ° = 2E
A C which is not zero.
B
38 (a) According to Gauss’s law, total flux coming out of a closed
q
Flux through curved surface C, surface enclosing charge q is given by φ = ∫ E ⋅ d S = .
ε0
φC = ∫ E ⋅ d S = ∫ EdS cos 90 ° = 0
From this expression, it is clear that total flux linked with a
∴ Total flux through cylinder = φ A + φ B + φ C = 0 closed surface only depends on the enclosed charge and
33 (a) Electric flux, φ E = ∫ E ⋅ d S independent of the shape and size of the surface.
q
φ = ∫ E ⋅d S = = 20 Vm [given]
= ∫ E dS cos θ = ∫ E dS cos 90 ° = 0 ε0
2 q
 Q − Q2 This is constant as long as the enclosed charge is constant.
k 1  ε0
kQ1Q 2  2 
34 (c) F1 = and F2 =
d2 d2 The flux over a concentric sphere of radius 20 cm = 20 V-m.
According to question, F1 = F2 39 (b) Given, A(1, 0, 4) and B(2, − 1, 5)
(Q − Q 2 )2 ∴ AB = [(2 − 1)$i + (−1 − 0 )$j + (5 − 4) k$ ]
Q1Q 2 = 1
4
AB = [$i − $j + k$ ]
⇒ 4Q1Q 2 = Q12 + Q 22 − 2Q1Q 2
Torque, τ = p × E = qAB × E
0 = Q12 + Q 22 − 6Q1Q 2
τ = 4 × 10 −6 ($i − $j + k$ ) × 20 $i
Q1
⇒ = 3± 8 τ = 8 × 10 −5 (k$ + $j)
Q2
Magnitude of torque,
35 (c) The acceleration of the electron due to given coulombic
F τ = 8 × 10 −5 12 + 12
force, F is a e = …(i)
me τ = 1.13 × 10 −4 N-m
where, m e is the mass of the electron. . × 10 8 N/C
40. (b) Given, E = 718
The acceleration of the proton due to same force F is
F and r = 2 cm = 2 × 10 −2
ap = …(ii)
mp Electric field is given by
where, m p is the mass of the proton. λ
E =
ap me 2πε 0r
On dividing Eq. (ii) by Eq. (i), we get =
ae mp λ = 2πε 0rE
22 −2
a em e (2.5 × 10 ms )(9.1 × 10 −31
kg) 4πε 0rE 2 × 10 −2 × 718
. × 10 8
ap = = λ= =
mp (1.67 × 10 −27kg) 2 2 × 9 × 10 9
= 13.6 × 1018 ms −2 ≈ 1.5 × 1019 ms −2 = 7.98 × 10 −4 C/m
41 (a) The figure shows, the path of a positive charged particle (1) 45 (c) The torque on a dipole moment is τ = p × E. The torque
through a rectangular region of uniform electric field. has maximum value when p and E are perpendicular to each
other, so that sin θ is maximum, i.e. sin θ = 1.
Top
2s r3 τ = (3 × 10 4 ) (6 × 10 −30 )
EEE = 18 × 10 −26 N -m
1r s4
++++++++++ 46 (c) Two positive ions, each carrying a charge q are kept at a
Down
distance d, then it is found that force of repulsion between
Since, positive charged particle moves in a parabolic path in kqq 1 qq
them is F = 2 =
electric field, it means the direction of electric field is upward. d 4πε 0 d 2
The direction of particle (2) which is negative is downward.
where, q = ne
The direction of deflection of particle (3) which is positive is
1 n 2e 2
upward and direction of deflection of particle (4) is downward. ∴ F =
−6 −2 −5
4πε 0 d 2
42 (a) Here, p = (500 × 10 ) × (10 × 10 ) = 5 × 10 C-m
4πε 0 Fd 2
–q +q Number of electrons, n =
e2
10 cm 20 cm 47 (c) When both discs A and B are touched, charge flows from
25 cm higher value (higher potential) to lower value (lower potential)
till it equalises on the two discs.
r = 25 cm = 0.25 m, a = 5 cm = 0.05 m
Given, q1 = 10 −6 C , q 2 = 10 −5 C
1 2pr
Electric field intensity, E = ⋅
4πε 0 (r 2 − l 2 )2 q1 + q 2 10 −6 + 10 −5
∴ q= = = 5.5 µC
2 2
9 × 10 9 × 2 × 5 × 10 −5 × 0.25
E =
{(0.25)2 − (0.05)2 }2 48 (c) Suppose the field vanishes at a distance x, we have
7
= 6.25 × 10 N / C Y
43 (a) Suppose neutral point N lies at a distance x from dipole of

moment p or at a distance (25 − x ) from dipole of moment
64 p.
–q q/ 2 X
(0, 0, 0)
p N 64p (a, 0, 0)
1 2 x
x 25-x
25 cm
At point N electric field due to dipole j kq kq /2

=
= Electric field due to dipole k x 2
(x − a ) 2
1 2p 1 2(64p )
⇒ ⋅ = ⋅ or 2 (x − a )2 = x 2 or 2(x − a ) = x
4πε 0 x 3 4πε 0 (25 − x )3
2a
⇒
1
=
64 or ( 2 − 1)x = 2 a or x =
x 3 (25 − x )3 2 −1
⇒ x = 5 cm 49 (a) The net force on q1 by q 2 and q 3 is along the + x-direction,
Q2 so nature of force between q1, q 2 and q1, q 3 is attractive. This
44 (d) Initially force, F = k 2 can be represent by the figure given alongside.
r
Q Q Y
r + q2
Finally, when a third spherical conductor cames in contact X

–q1
alternately with B and C then removed, the charges on B and
C become Q /2 and 3Q / 4, respectively. + q3
Q/2 3Q/4
r The attractive force between these charges states that q1 is a
(Q / 2) (3Q / 4) 3 negative charge (since, q 2 and q 3 are positive).
Now, force, F ′ = k = F
r2 8
Thus, nature of force between q1 and newly introduced charge  1 q 2  2  1 q 2  2 

Q (positive) is attractive and net force on q1 by q 2, q 3 and Q 1 q2
=  2
+ 2 
+ ⋅
 4πε 0 a   4πε 0 a   4πε 0 (a 2 )2
are along the same direction as given in the diagram below.  
Y
1 q2  1 1 q 2  1+ 2 2
+ q2 = ⋅ 2 2+  = ⋅  
4πε 0 a  2 4πε 0 a 2  2 
+Q
– q1 X
(x, 0) 55 (b) If ring is complete, then net field at centre is zero. As
+ q3 small portion is cut, then field opposite to this portion is not
cancelled out.
The figure given above clearly shows that the force on q1 shall Charge of small portion = λ ⋅ l
increase along the positive X-axis due to the positive charge Q. λl
∴ Electric field due to this portion =
50 (a) When the point is situated, on a diameter away from the 4πε 0a 2
centre of a uniformly positive charged hemisphere, then the Let ER is electric field of remaining portion.
electric field is perpendicular to the diameter. The component λl
of electric intensity parallel to the diameter cancel out. ∴ ER + =0
4πε 0a 2
51 (d) As imaginary sphere of radius R is drawn with its centre
− λl
on circumference of ring. ⇒ ER =
4πε 0a 2
So, qin < πRλ .
where, λ is linear charge density q E0
56 (b) E ∝ ⇒ tan θ = =2
r2 E0 / 2
y
Ring Sphere
O E0
Enet
π Rλ
∴ φ< q
ε0 2 µC E0/2
P
52 (b ) Electric field due to Q 2 and Q 3 cancel each other.
1cm
So, the vector numbered 2 coincides in direction with electric 1µC
field due to Q1 at mid-point M of the hypotenuse. x
O 2cm
53 (c ) Three vectors of equal magnitude are inclined at 120° with
the adjacent vector. So, net electric intensity will be zero. 57 (b) In the following figure, in equilibrium,
54 (c) The given situation is shown below. Fe = T sin 30 ° and r = 1m
FC
FD
30° 30°
FAC 1m 1m T cos 30°
+q +q
a
A FA T 30°
B
+10mC Fe
T sin 30° +10mC
FC r
a a
FAC mg
Q2 1 (10 × 10 −6 )2 1
⇒ 9 × 10 9 ⋅2
= T × ⇒ 9 × 10 9 ⋅ =T ×
D a C FA r 2 12 2
+q +q
∴ Tension in the threads, T = 1.8 N
1 q2 1 q2 58 (b) The schematic diagram of distribution of charges on X-axis

Here, FA = ⋅ 2 and FC = ⋅ is shown in figure below.
4πε 0 a 4πε 0 a 2
1 µC 1 µC 1 µC 1 µC 1 µC
Net force on B, Fnet = FAC + FD 1C
O x=1 x=2 x=4 x=8
= FA2 + FC2 + FD
Total force acting on 1 C charge is given by 62 (c) According to Gauss’s theorem, electric flux through the
1 1 × 1 × 10 −6 1 × 1 × 10 −6 q
F = + sphere = .
4πε 0  (1)2 (2)2 ε0
1 q
1 × 1 × 10 −6 1 × 1 × 10 −6  ∴ Electric flux through the hemisphere =
+ + + … ∞ 2 ε0
(4)2 (8)2 
10 × 10 −6
10 −6 1 1 1 1   1  = = 0.56 × 10 6 N -m2C−1
=  + + + + … ∞ = 9 × 10 9 × 10 −6   2 × 8.854 × 10 −12
4πε 0  1 4 16 64   1− (1/ 4)
≈ 0.6 × 10 6 N -m2C−1 = 6 × 10 5 N -m2C−1
4 −6 4
= 9 × 10 × 10 × = 9 × × 10 3 = 12000 N
9
3 3 63 (b) Charge enclosed by cylindrical surface (length 100 cm) is
qE Q encl = 100Q . By applying Gauss’s law,
59 (c) Electric force, qE = ma ⇒ a =
m 1 1
φ= (Q encl ) = (100 Q )
1.6 × 10 −19 × 1 × 10 3 1.6 ε0 ε0
∴ a= = × 1015
9 × 10 −31 9 Q The lines are parallel to the surface.
Q u = 5 × 10 6 ms −1 and v = 0 64 (a) Electric field due to a hollow spherical conductor is given
u2 by following equations E = 0, for r < R …(i)
∴ From v 2 = u 2 − 2as ⇒ s =
2a Q
and E = , for r ≥ R …(ii)
(5 × 10 6 )2 × 9 4πε 0r 2
∴ Distance, s = = 7 cm (approx.)
2 × 1.6 × 1015 i.e. inside the conductor field will be zero and outside the
1
60 (d) The magnitude of electric field at an axial point P at a conductor will vary according to E ∝ 2 .
distance z from the origin is given by r
65 (c) The field increases linearly from
Y
Q centre inside the sphere (from r = 0 to
r = R ) become maximum at the surface of E
y the sphere and decrease rapidly with
 1
Z distance  ∝ 2  outside the sphere. So,
–q (0, 0) +q P  r  R r
2a z the graph will be as shown.
4qaz 2pz 66 (a) When dipole is given a small angular displacement θ about
| E (z )| = = it’s equilibrium position, then the restoring torque will be
4πε 0 (z 2 − a 2 )2 4πε 0 (z 2 − a 2 )2
τ = − pE sin θ = − pE θ (as sin θ = θ)
where, p = 2qa is the electric dipole moment 
d 2θ d 2θ 
2p or I 2 = − pE θ  as τ = Iα = I 2 
For z >> a, | E (z )| = dt  dt 
4πε 0 z 3
d 2θ pE pE
The magnitude of electric field at an equatorial point Q at a As, = − ω 2θ ⇒ ω 2 = ⇒ω=
distance y from the origin is given by dt 2 I I
1 2qa p 67 (b) Suppose electric field is zero at a point P lies at a distance
| E (y )| = =
4πε 0 ( y 2 + a 2 )3/ 2 4πε 0 ( y 2 + a 2 )3/ 2 d from the charge + Q.
KQ K (2Q )
For y >> a, | E (y )| =
p At P, =
4πε 0 y 3 d2 (a + d )2
z = y >> a, 1 2 a
For ⇒ 2
= 2
⇒d =
| E (z )| d (a + d ) ( 2 − 1)
∴ =2
| E (y )| +Q –2Q
Y E2 P E1
61 (b) X
+q (0,a,0) x a
2a
d
–2q X
(0,0,0) +q Since, d > a, i.e. point P must lies on negative X-axis as
(a,0,0) shown at a distance x from origin,
p
Z pnet = √2 p = √2 qa a
hence, x = d − a = − a = 2 a.
⇒ ( 2 − 1)
45° p
Actually, P lies on negative X-axis, so x = − 2a
1 q1 q 2 2 4π 2mr  2π  q1 a2
68 (a) = mr ω = Q ω =  ∴ =
4πε 0 r 2 T2  T q 2 (11 − a )2
(4πε 0 )r 2 (4π 2mr ) q1 a 25 a
⇒ T2 = or = or =
q1 q 2 q 2 11 − a 36 11 − a
1/ 2
 4π 2mr 3  5 a
∴ Time period, T =  or = or 6 a = 55 − 5 a
 6 11 − a
 kq1 q 2 
∴ a = 5 cm
69 (b) The system is in equilibrium means the force experienced
So, intensity will be zero at a distance of 5 cm from 25 µC.
by each charge is zero. It is clear that charge placed at centre
would be in equilibrium for any value of q, so we are 71 (d) 1 electron has a charge of 1.6 × 10 −19 C.
considering the equilibrium of charge placed at any corner.
1010 electrons would have a charge of
FCB
FCA q = ne = 1.6 × 10 −19 × 1010
= 1.6 × 10 −9 C
–Q –Q 45°
D 45° C
FCD Thus, in 1s charge accumulated = 1.6 × 10 −9 C
So, time taken to accumulate 1 C
FCO 1
= = 0.625 × 10 9
O
q
a 1.6 × 10 −9
= 6.25 × 10 8 s = 173611 h
= 7233 days ≈ 20 yr
A B
–Q –Q 72 (c) The resultant of E B and E C is
–2q
FCD + FCA cos 45° + FCO cos 45° = 0
A
1 (− Q )(− Q ) 1 (− Q )(− Q ) 1
⇒ ⋅ + × EA
4πε 0 a2 4πε 0 ( 2a )2 2 a
EA
1 (− Q )q 1
+ × =0 O
4πε 0 ( 2a / 2)2 2 120° 120°
a EC
1 Q2 1 Q2 1 1 2Qq 1 EB a EB 120°
⇒ ⋅ 2 + ⋅ ⋅ − ⋅ ⋅ =0 EC
4πε 0 a 4πε 0 2a 2 2 4πε 0 a 2 2 –2q –2q
B C
Q
⇒ Q+ − 2q = 0 ⇒ 2 2 Q + Q − 4q = 0
2 2 = E 2 + E 2 + 2E ⋅ E cos 120 ° EBC = E
⇒ 4q = (2 2 + 1) Q  1
= 2E 2 + 2E 2 ⋅  −  = E
Q  2
Therefore, q = (2 2 + 1)
4 Now, situation is shown in figure.
70 (a) Let electric field is zero at point O in the figure. Here, E A and E BC are equal and opposite, so, they
EA = E
cancel out. So, resultant electric field at O due to
q1 = 25 mC q2 = 36 mC E A, E B and E C is zero.
A E2 O E1 B 73 (a) Case I Q Q
a b A B
x r
∴ E1 = E 2 1 Q2
F = ⋅ . . . (i)
1 q 4πε 0 r 2
∴ E1 = ⋅ 1
4πε 0 a 2 Case II Q/2 Q/2 Q
1 q2
E2 = ⋅ A FB C FA B
4πε 0 b 2 r/2 r/2
Also, x = a + b or 11= a + b When sphere C is touched to A, then equal charge Q/2
∴ b = 11 − a distributes on A and C.
1 q1 1 q2 1 (Q / 2)2 1 Q2
Now, = ⋅ ∴ FA = = ⋅
4πε 0 a 2 4πε 0 (11 − a )2 4πε 0 (r / 2) 2
4πε 0 r 2
1 (Q )(Q / 2) 1 Q2 78 (a) On negative charge, the resultant force acts as a restoring

FB = ⋅ = 2 ⋅ ⋅
4πε 0 (r / 2)2 4πε 0 r 2 force and proportional to displacement. When it reaches in
the plane xy, then the resultant force is zero and the mass
1 Q2
∴ Net force on C, Fnet = FB − FA = ⋅ =F moves down along Z-axis due to inertia. Thus, oscillation is
4πε 0 r 2 set along Z-axis.
q
74 (b) The electric field at C due to charge + 10 7 C at A is 79 (a) Total flux, φ total = φ A + φ B + φ C =
ε0
1 10 −7 φ B = φ and φ A = φ C = φ′ [assumed]
E1 = along AC Q
4πε 0 (0.2)2 q
∴ 2φ′ + φ =
The electric field at C due to charge − 10 −7 C at B is ε0
1 q 
1 10 −7 The flux through the plane surface A, φ′ =  − φ
E2 = along CB 2  ε0 
4πε 0 (0.2)2
80 (a) According to Gauss’s theorem,
As, | E1| = | E 2| 1
By symmetry, the vertical components will cancel out and ∫ E ⋅ d S = ε 0 Q enclosed
horizontal components will add.
Q
E ⋅ 4πx 2 =
E1 ε0
60° E Q
C Electric field at the point P, E =
60° 4πε 0 x 2
E2
Charge + Q on
insulating support
20 cm 20 cm S r
P
O x
A B
+10–7C –10–7C
20 cm
1
∴The resultant electric field at C is 81 (a) Charge density of long wire, λ = C-m −1
3
1 10 −7 1 q
E = 2 E1 cos 60 ° = 2 × ×
4πε 0 (0.2)2 2
From Gauss’s theorem, ∫ E ⋅ d S = ε0
9 × 10 9 × 10 −7 q q
= = 2.2 × 10 4 N / C ⇒ E ∫ dS = or E 2πrl =
(0.2)2 ε0 ε0
75 (c) Number of electrons,
6 × 10 23 1 6 × 1018
n= × 10 × 6 =
63.5 10 63.5 l r
As q = ne
6 × 1018 × 1.6 × 10 −19
q=
63.5
q q /l λ×2 λ×2
or q = 1.5 × 10 −2 C ⇒ E = = ⇒ =
2πε 0rl 2πε 0r 2πε 0r × 2 4πε 0r
9 × 10 9 × 1.5 × 10 −2 × 1.5 × 10 −2
∴ F = 2 The magnitude of the electric intensity,
 10  1 1
  E = 9 × 10 9 × × 2 ×
 100 
3 18 × 10 −2
= 2.0 × 10 8 N
= 0.33 × 1011 NC−1
1 k
76 (a) The frequency will be same, f = but due to the 82 (a) Inside the shell A, electric field E in = 0
2π m
B
constant force i.e. qE, the equilibrium position gets shifted by x′
qE A
in forward direction. So, option (a) is correct. x
k rB rA
77 (d) Electric field at the centre of charged circular ring is zero.

Hence, electric field at O due to the part ACDB is equal in EA
magnitude and opposite in direction that due to the part AKB,
i.e. E along OK.
EB x
At the surface of shell A, We need to consider only the component dE cos θ, as the
kQ component dE sin θ will cancel out because of the field at C
E A = 2A [a fixed positive value] due to the symmetrical element dl′.
rA
π /2
Between the shell A and B, at a distance x from the common Total field at centre, |E | = 2∫ dE cos θ
0
centre,
k ⋅ QA 2kλ π / 2
R ∫0
E = [as x increases, E decreases] = cos θ dθ
x2
At the surface of shell B, 2kλ q
= =
k (Q A − Q B ) R 2π 2ε 0R 2
EB = [a fixed negative value because |Q A| < |Q B |]
rB2
85 (b) At a point on the axis of uniformly charged disc at a
Outside the both shell, at a distance x′ from the common distance x from the centre of the disc, the magnitude of the
centre, electric field is,
k (Q A − Q B )
E out = [as x′ increase negative value of E out σ  x 
x′ 2 decrease and it becomes zero at x = ∞] E = 1 − 
2ε 0  x 2 + R 2 

83 (a) QT sin θ = F
σ
Dividing the two equations, we get At centre, Ec =
2ε 0
q
= and T cos θ = mg E 1
4πε 0 x 2 Given that, =
Ec 2
1 q2
∴ tan θ = x 1
4πε 0 x 2mg Then, 1− =
O x +R2 2 2
l x 1
q or =
l 2
x +R 2 2
T cos q
T On squaring both sides, we get
T sin q
F C x 2 R2
A
x/2
B x2 = +
x 4 4
mg mg R2 R
Thus, x2 = ⇒ x=
x q 2
 x 3 3
or = Q tan θ ≈ sin θ = 
2l 4πε 0 x 2mg  2l 
86 (a) The force acting on the electron = eE.
x q2 eE
or ∝ 2 or q 2 ∝ x 3 Acceleration of the electron =
2l x m
3 1
dq 3 dx  dq 
⇒ q ∝ x2 ⇒ ∝ x2  = constant + + + + + + +
dt 2 dt  dt 
1
−  dx  e E = 104 N/C
∴ v∝ x 2 Q v =  – – – – – –
 dt 
84 (a) From figure, dl = R dθ, Here, s = 2 × 10 −2 m, u = 0, v = ?
Charge on dl, dq = λR dθ ∴ v 2 − u 2 = 2as

Electric field at centre due to dl is e
λRdθ  q  ⇒ v 2 = 2  E × 2 × 10 −2 m
dE = k Q λ =  m
R2  πR 
+ + e
+ + + Also, = 1.76 × 1011 C/kg
dl dl m
+ +
∴ v 2 = 2 × 1.76 × 1011 × 10 4 × 2 × 10 −2
+ θ dθ +
+
= 7.04 × 1013
+
R = 70.4 × 1012
θ
The velocity of the electron when it reaches plate B,
dE
dE cos θ v ≈ 0.85 × 10 7 m/ s
87 (a) In equilibrium, (either uniform on non-uniform) total flux linked with it will
Fe = T sin θ …(i) be zero,
and mg = T cos θ …(ii) i.e. φnet = 0 ⇒ q in = 0
3 (d) If electric lines of force cross each other, then the electric
field at the point of intersection will have two directions
L q L simultaneously which is not possible physically.
T cos q 4 (b) As σ1 = σ 2 (given)

T
q q1 q q r12
T sin q ∴ 2
= 2 2 , or 1 = [let r1 and r2 be two different radii]
Fe 4πr1 4πr2 q2 r22
x
Then, the ratio of electric field intensities near the surface of
mg
spherical conductor,
Fe q2 E1 q1 4πε 0r22 q1 r22
tan θ = = = × = × = 1, i.e. E1 = E 2
mg 4πε 0 x 2 × mg E 2 4πε 0r12
q2 q 2 r12
x /2 5 (a) If a dipole is enclosed by a surface as shown in figure,
Also, tan θ ≈ sin θ =
L
x q2
Hence, =
2 L 4πε 0 x 2 × mg
–Q +Q
1\ 3
32q 2L  q 2L 
⇒ x = ⇒ x= 
4πε 0 mg  2πε 0 mg  then Q enclosed = Q − Q = 0
88 (b) The three forces acting on each sphere are ∴ φ=0 (from Gauss’s law)
(i) tension (ii) weight l Statement based questions
(iii) electrostatic force of repulsion
1. (c) The space between the electric field lines is increasing
here from left to right and its characteristics states that,
q2 strength of electric field decreases with increase in the space
L1 q1 L2
T1cosq1 T2cosq2 between electric field lines. As a result, force on charges also
q1 T1 q2 decreases from left to right.
T2 M2
F1 M1 F Thus, the force on charge − q is greater than the force on
+Q1 T1sin q1 T2sin q2 +Q2 2
charge + q and in turn dipole will experience a force towards
M1g M2g left.
For sphere 1, in equilibrium, from figure, 2. (a) Torque about Q of charge −q is zero. So, angular
momentum of the charge − q is constant but distance between
T1 cos θ1 = M1g and T1 sin θ1 = F1
charges is changing. So, force is changing and, hence speed
F and velocity are changing.
∴ tanθ1 = 1
M1g
4 (b) According to Gauss’s law, the term q on the right side of
For sphere 2, in equilibrium, from figure, q
T2 cos θ 2 = M2g and T2 sinθ 2 = F2 the equation ∫ E ⋅ d S = includes the sum of all charges
S ε0
F
∴ tan θ 2 = 2 enclosed by the surface.
M2g
The charges may be located anywhere inside the surface,
Force of repulsion between two charges are same. if the surface is so chosen that there are some charges inside
∴ F1 = F2 and some outside, then the electric field on the left side of
F F
Here, θ1 = θ 2 only, if 1 = 2 ⇒ M1 = M2 equation is due to all the charges, both inside and outside
M1g M2g of S.
So, E on LHS of the above equation will have a contribution
(B) Medical entrance special format from all charges while q on the RHS will have a contribution
from q 2 and q 4 only.
questions
5 (a) In equilibrium, figure can be drawn as
l Assertion and reason l O l
q in q q
2. (a) Flux, φnet = F T T F
ε0
1 q ⋅q
If a closed body is placed in an electric field T=
4πε 0 (2l )2
Match the columns (1.6 × 10 − 19 )2

= 9 × 10 − 9 N
l
= 9 × 10 9 ×
(1.6 × 10 − 10 )2
1 (a) Electric charge = [AT]
∴Acceleration of electron
Electric field strength = [MLT −3A−1]
F 9 × 10 − 9
Absolute permittivity = [M−1L−3T 4A2] = = = 10 22 m/s 2
m e 9 × 10 − 31
Electric dipole = [M0 L1T1A1]
4 (a) The force between two point charges A and B, having
2 (c) Figures show the field lines around some simple charge charges + Q and − Q respectively is given by
configurations. The field lines of a single positive charge are
+Q −Q
radially outward while those of a single negative charge are A B
radially inward. The field lines around a system of two
r
positive charges (q, q ) give a pictorial description of their
mutual repulsion. While that of a pair of equal and opposite
k Q AQ B kQ (− Q ) kQ 2
charges shows attraction. F = 2
= 2
=− 2 …(i)
r r r
1
where, k = constant =
4πε 0
and r = distance between two charges A and B.
When 25% charge of A is transferred to B, then new amount
q <0 q >0
of charge on A and B respectively becomes,
(A) (B) 75 3
Q′ A = (Q A ) = Q
100 4
 25  1  −3
Q′ B =  Q + QB  =  Q − Q = Q
 100 A  4  4
+ +
q q +q –q So, the new force between the two charges now becomes
 3Q   3 
(C) (D) k    − Q
k Q′ A Q′ B  4  4 
F′ = =
r2 r2
(σ ) + (− 2σ + σ ) σ − (− 2σ + σ ) σ
3 (b) E I = = 0; E II = = −9kQ 2 9
2ε 0 2ε 0 ε0 = = F [from Eq. (i)]
16r 2 16
(σ − 2σ ) − σ σ (σ − 2σ + σ )
E III = = − ; E IV = =0 Thus, the new force between the charges is 9/16 times the
2ε 0 ε0 2ε 0
initial force between the charges.
5 (b) Consider two infinite line charges with linear charge
(C) Medical entrances’ gallery densities + λ C/m and − λ C/m respectively, which are lying
1. (a) Given, radius, r = 10 cm = 10 × 10 −2 m in y-direction as shown in the figure below
Charge, q = 3.2 × 10 −7 C +λ –λ
+ EB –
Electric field, E = ? + EA –
+ –
Electric field at a point (x = 15 cm) from the centre of the + –
sphere is + R –
+ –
1 q 3.2 × 10 −7 2R
E = ⋅ 2 = 9 × 10 9 × + –
4πε 0 x (15 × 10 −2 )2 A B
= 1.28 × 10 5 N/C Then, the electric field due to line A at the mid-way between
the two line charges, i.e. at R is
2 (a) Electric field due to electric dipole on equatorial plane at a
distance r from the centre of dipole is given as λ
| EA | = N/C … (i)
1 p 2πε 0R
E= ⋅
4πε 0 r 3 which lies along positive x-axis (outward), i.e. from A to B.
3 (c) Force due to mutual attraction between the electron and Similarly, the electric field due to line B at the mid-way
proton. (when, r = 1.6 Å = 1.6 × 10 − 10 m) is given as between the two line charges, i.e. at R is
λ
e2 | EB | = N/C …(ii)
F = 9 × 10 9 × 2πε 0R
r2
Due to negative charge on B, EB also lies along positive x-axis Q P = σ × 4πR 2 = 4πσR 2 …(i)
(inward), i.e. from A to B.
and Q Q = σ × 4π (2R )2 = 16πσR 2 …(ii)
So, the resultant electric field at R is given as
When they are brought in contact with each other, the total
| ER | = | EA| + | EB |
charge will be
Substituting the values from Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get
Q t = QP + QQ
λ λ
| ER | = + = 4πσR 2 + 16πσR 2 [from Eqs. (i) and (ii)]
2πε 0R 2πε 0R
= 20 πσR 2 …(iii)
λ
= N/C When two metallic charged spheres are connected to each
πε 0R
other, then charge is flowing the sphere of higher potential to
which also lies along the positive x-axis, i.e. from A to B. the sphere of lower potential till they may attain at common
6 (a) As the hollow sphere is uniformly charged, so the net potential.
charge will appear on the surface of the sphere. QP QQ
(i) The electric field at a point outside the hollow sphere is =
4π ε 0R 4π ε 0 2R
Q
φ = ∫ E ⋅ dS = enclosed [from Gauss’ law] QP QQ Q 1
ε0 ⇒ = ⇒ P =
S
R 2R QQ 2
E
So, the new charges on the sphere P and Q after separation
dS will be distributed as
++ +
+ 1 2
+ + ⇒ Q P′ = Q t and Q Q′ = Q t
+ + 3 3
O
R + After separation, the new surface charge densities on P and Q
+ r
+ + will be
+ Q Q′ 1 Qt
+ + + σP = P =
Area 3 Area
1 20 πσR 2 5
⇒ 2
E (4πr ) =
Q = = σ
ε0 3 4πR 2 3
Q Q Q′ 2 Qt 2 20 πσR 2
⇒ E = and σQ = = = ×
4πε 0r 2 Area 3 Area 3 4π (2R )2
1 2 5 5
⇒ E ∝ 2 = × σ= σ
r 3 4 6
(ii) The electric field at the surface (r = R ),
8 (b) When a sphere encloses a charged dipole,
Q
E =
4πε 0R
(iii) The electric field inside hollow sphere (r < R ) is
+q –q
Q
E = =0 [Q Q inside = 0]
4πε 0r
7 (d) The surface charge density of a closed metal sphere having
charge Q is given by
Charge Q
σ= =
Area A Here, q = ± 3 × 10 −6 C
or Q = σA Thus, according to Gauss’s law, the net electric flux across the
Thus, the charges on sphere P and Q having same charge closed surface is equal to the net charge enclosed by it divided
density as shown in the figure below is given by by ε 0 , i.e.
σ
q in +3 × 10 −6 − 3 × 10 −6
φE = = =0
σ ε0 ε0
Hence, electric flux across the sphere is zero.
R 2R 9 (c) Force on a charged particle in the presence of an electric
field is given as
P
Q F = qE …(i)
where, q is the charge on the charged particle and E is the Since, restoring force FE ∝ − x, therefore motion of charged
electric field. particle will be SHM.
From Newton’s second law of motion, force on a particle with Acceleration on charged particle is also given by
mass m is given as a = − ω 2x
F = ma …(ii) −1 Qq x
where, a is the acceleration. = − ω 2x
4πε 0 mR 3
From Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get
Qq
F = ma = qE ω=
4πε 0mR 3
qE
⇒ a= …(iii) 1/ 2
m 2π 16π 3ε 0R 3m 
Time period of SHM, T = =
Now, consider that a particle falls from rest through a vertical ω  Qq 

distance h. Therefore, u = 0 and the second equation of motion
becomes 11 (d) Given, q = 0.05 µC = 5 × 10 −8 C,
1 2a = 30 mm= 0.03 m
h = ut + at 2 and E = 10 6 NC−1
2
1 1 qE 2 Torque acting on an electric dipole placed in an uniform
or h = 0 × t + at 2 = × t [from Eq. (iii)]
2 2 m electric field,
τ = pE sin θ
2hm 2hm
⇒ t2 = or t = For maximum torque, θ = 90 °
qE qE
∴ τmax = pE = E (q × 2a )
Since, the particles given in the question are electron and = 10 6 × 5 × 10 −8 × 0.03
proton and the quantity 2h / qE (here, q p = q e = e ) for both of
= 1.5 × 10 −3 N-m
them is constant. Thus, we can write
Q1Q 2
t =k m 12 (b) Q Electrostatic force, F = k
r2
2h 2 × 10 −7 × 3 × 10 −7
where, k= or t ∝ m = 9 × 10 9 × = 6 × 10 −3 N
qE (30 × 10 −2 )2
As, mass of proton (m p ) >> mass of electron (m e ).
13 (c) Net charge on one H-atom,
Thus, the time of fall of an electrons would be smaller than
q = − e + e + ∆e = ∆e
the time of fall of a protons.
Net electrostatic repulsive force between two H-atoms,
10 (a) When the negative charge is shifted at a distance x from the
kq 2 k (∆e )2
centre of the ring along its axis, then force acting on the point Fr = =
charge due to the ring is d2 d2
Similarly, net gravitational attractive force between two
−q H-atoms,
Gm h2
x FG =
Q d2
It is given that, Fr − FG = 0
k (∆e )2 Gm h2
⇒ − 2 =0
d2 d
F = qE (towards centre) Gm h2
⇒ (∆e )2 =
kQx k
=q ⋅
(R 2 + x 2 )3/ 2 (6.67 × 10 −11) (1.67 × 10 −27 )2
2 2 2
(∆e )2 =
If R >> x, then R + x −
~R 9 × 10 9
1 Qqx ⇒ ∆e = 1.437 × 10 −37 C
and F = ⋅ (towards centre)
4πε 0 R 3 ∴Order is ∆e is 10 −37 C.
Since force on charged particle is acting in opposite direction of 14 (a) The electrostatic force of repulsion between the charge q
electric field, hence acceleration of charged particle towards the
and (Q − q ) at separation r is given by
centre of ring is given by
1 1 q (Q − q ) 1 qQ − q 2
⇒ a=− =−
F
⋅
Qqx F = ⋅ = ⋅
m 4πε 0 mR 3 4πε 0 r2 4πε 0 r2
∂F Here, r =a
For maximum electrostatic force of repulsion, then =0
∂q 1 q
E = ⋅
1 (Q − 2q ) 4πε 0 a 2
i.e. ⋅ =0
4πε 0 r2 From Eq. (i), we get
2
As, 1/ 4πε 0r is constant, therefore 1 q
⋅ = Aa
4πε 0 a 2
Q − 2q = 0 or Q = 2q
∴ Charge at the origin of the field, q = 4πε 0Aa 3
15 (b) According to Coulomb’s law, the force of repulsion
q q
between two conducting balls is given by F = 1 2 2 1 2 1 2 2s
19 (b) s = ut + at = at or t = (Q u = 0)
4πε 0r 2 2 a
q1 q2 1
As s is same, t ∝
A B a
t2 a Fe /Me Mp
r ⇒ = 1 = =
t1 a2 Fp / Mp Me
When the charged balls A and B are brought in contact, each
sphere will attain equal charge q′ 20 (a) The field at centre of hemispherical cup is given by
q + q2 σ Q
q′ = 1 E = and σ =
2 4ε 0 S
Now, the force of repulsion between them at the same Q
∴ E =
distance r is S × 4ε 0
2
  q1 + q 2   q1 + q 2    q1 + q 2 
      On substituting values, we get
q′ × q′ 1  2   2    2 
F′ = =  = ⇒ 9 × 10 8 =
Q
4πε 0r 2
4πε 0  r2  4πε 0r 2 2 π R 2 × 4ε0
 
5 × 10 −6
 q + q 2
2 ⇒ 9 × 10 8 =
As,  1  > q1 q 2 4 π ε0 × 2R 2
 2 
5 × 10 −6 × 9 × 10 9
∴ F′ > F ⇒ 9 × 10 8 =
2R 2
16 (a) Due to presence of test charge q 0 in front of positively ⇒ 2R 2 = 5 × 10 −6 × 10 = 5 × 10 −5
charged ball, there would be a redistribution of charge on the
ball. In the redistribution of charge, there will be less charge on 5
R= × 10 −5 = 2.5 × 10 −5
front half surface and more charge on the back half surface. As a 2
result, the net force F between ball and charge will decrease,
i.e. the electric field is decreased. Thus, actual electric field ⇒ R = 25 × 10 −6 = 5 × 10 −3 m = 5 mm
will be greater than F / q 0 . 21 (b) At the point P electric field intensity is zero.
17 (b) Torque on an electric dipole in an electric field, So, the electric field intensity due to both charges are equal
and opposite.
τ = p × E ⇒ | τ| = pE sin θ Let distance of q1 charge from point P is r.
where, θ is angle between E and p
So, distance of q 2 charge from point P is (10 − r ).
⇒ 4 = p × 2 × 10 5 × sin 30 ° ⇒ p = 4 × 10 −5 1 q1 1 q2
=
∴ q 2 l = 4 × 10 −5 4πε 0 r 2 4πε 0 (10 − r )2
where, 2 l = 2 cm = 2 × 10 −2 m q1 q2
⇒ =
4 × 10 −5 r 2 (10 − r )2
∴The charge on dipole, q = = 2 × 10 −3 C = 2 mC
2 × 10 −2 ⇒
9
=
4
(Q q1 = 9 C, q 2 = 4 C)
r 2 (10 − r )2
18 (c) Given, E = Ar …(i)
2 2
 3  2 
⇒   = 
r  10 − r 
3 2
⇒ =
q a r 10 − r
⇒ 3 (10 − r ) = 2r
⇒ 30 − 3r = 2r
⇒ 5r = 30 ⇒ r = 6 m
22 (d) As a point charge q is situated at a distance r on axis from 26 (a) The diagram is as follows
one end of a thin conducting rod of length L having charge Q The electric field due to charged infinite conducting sheet is
as shown in figure. σ
E =
Total charge = Q 2ε 0
L A
q
r
dx x
r+L
q T B qs
F = ——
2e0
Consider an elementary charge dq having length dx at a
distance x from the charge q, then
A¢ mg
Q
dq = ρdx = dx
L Now, force (electric force) on the charged ball is
Now, force between dq and q qσ
F = qE =
1 q dq q Q dx 2 ε0
dF = =k
4 π ε0 x 2 L x2 The resultant of electric force and mg balance the tension
r+ L produced in the string.
kQq
∴ Total force, F = ∫ dF = ∫x
−2
dx F q σ / 2ε 0 qσ
L r So, tan θ = = =
r+ L
mg mg 2ε 0mg
kQq  1
= − 27 (a) The angle between the dipole moment and electric field at
L  x 
r
any point on the equatorial plane is 180°.
− kQq  1 1
= −
L r + L r 
E ⊥ bisector
– +
− kQq r − r − L  kQq
=  (r + L ) r  = r (r + L )
–q P +q
L   E
23 (a) As, 1019 is removed from the neutral metal.

28 (d) Electric field lines does not form closed loop as it
So, loss of charge = 1.6 × 10 −19 × 1019 = 1.6 C
originates from the positive charge and terminate at negative
So, charge on metal = +1.6 C charge. So, the option (d) is incorrect.
24 (c) Electric field at centre of plastic sheet is the same as at 29 (d) Gaussian surface is given below,
close to the centre of the copper plate.
a E
25 (b) Initial velocity of the electron along x-direction,
l Y
++++++++
v0 q L
X
E
––––––––––
ux = v 0
As, applied electric field is vertical,
v x = ux = v 0 Net flux crossing through surface of cylinder is given by
⇒ u y = 0 and v y = u y + a y t φ = Flux through upper disc + Flux through lower disc
eE l + Flux through curved surface
or vy = 0 + × [Ql = v 0t] = E (π a 2 ) + (− Eπ a 2 ) + 0
m v0
eEl = πa 2E − πa 2E = 0
or vy =
mv 0 30 (d) At equatorial, electric field,
vy 9 × 10 9 × 2ql
We can write, tan θ = E = (Q l = 5 cm)
vx (r 2 + l 2 )3/ 2
eEl 1 eEl 9 × 10 9 × 2 × 5 × 10 −2 × 10 × 10 − 6
⇒ tan θ = × = E =
mv 0 v 0 mv 02 [(0.12)2 + (0.05)2]3/ 2
 eEl 
⇒ θ = tan−1  2  Electric field, E − . × 10 6 N/C
~ 41
 mv 0 
31 (c) Assuming the small area ∆S on the cylindrical surface. The where, K is dielectric constant of the liquid = 2
normal to this area will be perpendicular to the axis of the F k
From Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get AB = 1 = 2
cylinder, but the electric field is parallel to axis. ′
FAB k1/ 2
π
Hence, ∆φ = E ⋅ ∆S cos θ = E ⋅ ∆S cos = 0 According to question, FAB = F
2 F F
⇒ ′ =
= 2 ⇒ FAB
32 (b) The figure of the above situation is shown below ′
FAB 2
34 (b) Given, charge on the body,
q = 1nC = 1× 1× 10 −9 C (Q 1nC = 10 −9 C)
F = friction
5.6 m m = 1 kg
q =10-2 C
E cos 45º Charge on the electron e = 1.6 × 10 −19
From the property of quantisation of charge, q = ne
q 45º
on q
E q 1 × 10 −9
oti in 0.1
⇒ Number of charges, n = =
M gs
m m= mg
mg cos q e 1.6 × 10 −19
E sin 45º
q = 45º = 0.625 × 10 −9 × 1019
X-axis
= 6.25 × 10 9
The electric field, E = 100 V m−1
35 (a) We know that, electric field at distance r from an
For the downward motion of the particle of mass 1kg.
infinitely long linear charge is given by
mg sin 45°− qE cos 45° − µ (mg cos 45° + qE sin 45° ) = ma λ
1 1 1 1 E = ⇒ λ = 2πε 0 ⋅ rE or E ∝ r −1
⇒ 1× 10 × − × 100 × − 2πε 0r
2 100 2 10
36 (c) We know that, force experienced by charge in electric field
 1 1 1
1× 10 × + × 100 ×  = 1× a F1 = q 1 E = m1a1 …(i)
 2 100 2
F2 = q 2E = m 2a 2 …(ii)
10 1 1  10 1
⇒ − −  +  =a As, q1 = q 2 ⇒ F1 = F2
2 2 10  2 2
From Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get
10 1 1 1
⇒ − − − =a a1 F1/m1 F ⋅ m 2
2 2 2 10 2 = =
a 2 F2 /m 2 F ⋅ m1
79 7.9
⇒ a= = a1 m 2 1 10  m1 
10 2 2 ⇒ = = = =2 Q = 0.5
a 2 m1 0.5 5  m2 
⇒ a ≈ 5.6 ms −2
37 (c) Torque on dipole form, τ = p × E sin θ
Now, time taken by the particle to cover 56 m distance along
2s 2 × 5.6 So, torque is maximum if p is perpendicular to E.
the incline plane is t = = = 2 = 1.41 s Potential energy, U = − p E = − p E cos θ
a 5.6
Hence, when θ = 180 °, i.e. p is anti-parallel to E, then
33 (a) Consider the situation shown in the diagram.
potential energy will be maximum.
Sphere Sphere
A B 38 (a) Consider the diagram, where an electric dipole is placed in
d non-uniform electric field.
q E1
Let charges on sphere A and B are q1 and q 2, respectively. F1
Force between the charges placed in air by Coulomb’s law
(spheres can be assumed as point charges placed at their d
centres) O
qq F2 −q
FAB = k1 1 22 …(i)
d E2
1
where, k1 = Electric field at the sight of q is E1
4πε 0
and electric field at the sight of − q is E 2
A B
F1 = force on the charge q = qE1
d
F2 = force on the charge −q = − qE 2
When the spheres are immersed in a liquid, force between
q1q 2 Net force on the dipole, F = F1 + F2 = q (E1 − E 2 )
qq 1
′ =
the charges is FAB = 1 2 × Q |E1 | ≠ |E 2 |, so, F1 ≠ F2 or |F | ≠ 0
4πε rd 2 4πε 0K d 2
τ1 = torque on the dipole due to E1 = p × E1
1 qq k qq [clockwise]
= × 1 2 = 1 × 1 22 …(ii)
(4πε 0 ) × 2 d 2 2 d
τ 2 = torque on the dipole due to E 2 = p × E1 By using, v = u + at

[clockwise] v = 20 + 12 × 3 = 56 ms −1
where, p = q d is dipole moment of the dipole,
τnet = τ1 + τ 2 = p × E1 + p × E 2 ≠ 0 46 (c) The electric field is due to all charges present whether
Hence, both torque (τnet ) and force (F ) act on the dipole. inside or outside the given surface. So option (c) is correct.
39 (d) The Gauss’s law of electrostatics gives a relation between 47 (a) Electric flux is equal to the scalar product of an area vector
electric flux through any closed hypothetical surface (called a and electric field E. As the surface is lying in yz-plane,
Gaussian surface) and the charge enclosed by the surface. ∴ φ = E ⋅ dA = (5$i + 4$j + 9 k$ ) (20 $i) = 100 unit
So, the nature of Gaussian surface is vector.
Net enclosed charge
F r / 2 kq 2 48 (b) Total flux =
40 (b) tanθ = ⇒ = 2 ⇒ y ∝r 3 ε0
mg y r mg
Hence, we can say that the electric flux depends only on net
3 1/ 3
 r′  y /2  1 charge enclosed by surface. So, flux will remain the same.
Therefore,   = ⇒ r′ = r  
r y  2
49 (d) Flux of electric field E through any area A is defined as
41 (d) Electric lines of force forms open loops while magnetic φ = EA cos θ
lines of force forms closed loops. The lines are parallel to the surface.
42 (b) In same medium, the force between two protons separated ⇒ Angle between E and A = 90 °, hence φ = 0.
by same distance will F, as it is independent of the masses but 50 (c) Here, α + θ = 90 °
depends on the charge of the particle. E
43 (c) E2 E¢E1 α
α
θ
E2
Dipole
axis
60° If the net field from the inclined axis makes angle θ, then
A B
1
⇒ tan α = tan θ ⇒ tan θ = 2 tan α = 2 tan (90 °− θ )
1 q 2
Here, E1 = E 2 = ⋅
4πε 0 a 2 ⇒ tan2 θ = 2 ⇒ tanθ = 2
⇒ E′ = E12 + E 22 + 2 E1 E 2 cos θ ⇒ θ = tan−1 ( 2 )
51 (a) If σ is the surface tension and r is the radius of soap
Given, θ = 60 °
bubble, then p excess = 4σ / r
E ′ = 3E12 4σ
When the bubble is charged, p excess = p electrostatics +
q 3 r
⇒ E′ =
4π ε 0a 2 After electrification, surface tension decreases.
 1
44 (b) For equilibrium of q, This decrease the pressure and increase the radius  p ∝  .
 r
q1 = + 4e F2 q F1 q2 = + e
52 (c) For stable equilibrium, the angle θ should be zero.
x1 x2
x E
τ = pE sin θ
−q +q
|F1| = |F2| =0
1 qq1 1 qq 2 53 (d) The flux passing through the square of 1 m placed in
∴ =
4 πε 0 x12 4 πε 0 x 22 xy-plane inside the electric field is zero because number of
x x x field lines entering are equal to number of field lines (flux)
x2 = = = leaving the surface. So, net flux will be zero.
q1 4e 3
+1 +1 54 (a) As, we know that, charge on α-particle is double to that on
q2 e
electron.
45 (c) As the mass is moving in the electric field, then q
Q By Gauss’ theorem, φ E =
ma = qE ε0
qE 3 × 10 −3 × 80 −2e 2e
⇒ a= = = 12 ms −2 ⇒ | φE | = =
m 20 × 10 −3 ε0 ε0
CHAPTER
02
Electrostatic Potential
and Capacitance
The electric field around a charge can be described in two ways by an electric
field (E ) and in the form of electrostatic or electric potential (V ).
The electric field (E ) is a vector quantity and we have already discussed about it Inside
in detail in the previous chapter.
1 Electric potential
In this chapter, we will study about the electric potential and how these Electrostatic potential due
quantities are interrelated to each other. We will also study about capacitor, i.e. a to a point charge
device used for storing electric energy. Electrostatic potential due to a
system of charges
Electric potential due to a
ELECTRIC POTENTIAL continuous charge distribution
Electric potential due to
The electric potential at any point in the region of electric field is defined as the electric dipole
amount of work done in bringing a unit positive test charge from infinity to that 2 Equipotential surfaces
point along any arbitrary path. It is a scalar quantity and is denoted byV. Variation of electric potential
on the axis of a charged ring
Work done (W )
Electric potential (V ) = Potential due to charged sphere
Charge (q 0 ) Motion of charged particle
in electric field
According to the nature of charge, electric potential can be positive (due to 3 Electric potential energy
positive charge), negative (due to negative charge) or zero. Potential energy of a system
Unit and dimensional formula of electric potential of charges
1 joule 4 Electrostatics of conductors

Its SI unit is volt ( V ) and 1 volt = Dielectrics and polarisation
1 coulomb
Capacitors and capacitance
1
and CGS unit is stat volt (esu), where 1 volt = stat volt Parallel plate capacitor
300 5 Combination of capacitors
Its dimensional formula is [ML2 T −3A −1]. Special method to solve
combination of capacitors
Example 2.1 How much work will be done in bringing a charge of 400 µC from infinity Kirchhoff’s law for capacitor
to some point P in the region of electric field? Given that the electric potential at point circuits
P is 20V. Energy stored in charged
capacitor
Sol. Electric potential at any point can be written as, Common potential
work done (W ) van de Graaff generator
( )=
Electric potential V … (i)
charge (q 0 )
Given, VP = 20 V and q 0 = 400 µC = 400 × 10− 6 C Work done by external force,

On putting the values in Eq. (i), we get ( B − A)external
W force = q 0 (VA − VB)
20 =
W = (− 1.6 × 10−19 ) [(20) − (− 40)]
400 × 10− 6
= − 9.6 × 10−18 J
−6 −3
∴ W = 20 × 400 × 10 = 8 × 10 J
Work done by electric force,
Example 2.2 Find the work done by some external force in ( B − A)electric force = − W
W ( B − A )external force
moving a charge q = 2 µ C from infinity to a point, where = − (− 9.6 × 10−18 J)
electric potential is 10 4 V.
Sol. Given, charge, q = 2 µC = 2 × 10−6 C and electric potential, = 9.6 × 10−18 J
V = 104 V Note Here, we can see that an electron (a negative charge) moves
from B (lower potential) to A (higher potential) and the work
Using the relation,W = qV done by electric force is positive. Therefore, we may conclude
We have, W = (2 × 10–6 ) (104 ) = 2 × 10 − 2 J that whenever a negative charge moves from a lower potential to
higher potential, work done by the electric force is positive or
when a positive charge moves from lower potential to higher
Electric potential difference potential, the work done by the electric force is negative.
The electric potential difference between two points A and
B is equal to the work done by the external force in Electrostatic potential due
moving a unit positive charge against the electrostatic
force from point B to A along any path between these two to a point charge
points. Let P be the point at a distance r from the origin O at
V which the electric potential due to point charge + q is
V
V
B required.
q3 V
A +q q0
V
O P B A E ∞
q2 q4
q1 r
dx
Fig 2.1 Electric potential between points A and B x
Fig. 2.2 Electrostatic potential at point due to a point charge
IfVA andVB be the electric potential at point A and B
respectively, then ∆V = VA − VB The electric potential at a point P is the amount of work
WAB done in carrying a unit positive charge from ∞ to point P.
or ∆V = Suppose a test charge q 0 is placed at point A at distance x
q
from O.
The SI unit of potential difference is volt ( V ). The electrostatic force acting on charge q 0 is given by
The dimensional formula for electric potential difference is 1 q0
given by [ML2 T −3A −1]. F = , along OA …(i)
4πε 0 x 2
Note Following three formulae are very useful in the problems related
to work done in electric field.
Small work done in moving the charge through a small
(Wa − b ) electric force = q 0 (Va − Vb )
distance dx from A to B is given by
(Wa − b ) external force = q 0 (Vb − Va) = − (Wa − b ) electric force dW = F ⋅ d x = Fdx cos 180 ° = −Fdx
(W∞ − a) external force = q 0Va (Q cos 180° = −1)
Here, q 0 , Va and Vb are to be substituted with sign. Total work done in moving a positive test charge q 0 from
Example 2.3 The electric potential at point A is 20 V and
∞ to the point P is given by
at B is − 40 V. Find the work done by an external force
r r 1 qq 0
W = ∫ −Fdx = ∫ − dx
and electrostatic force in moving an electron slowly from ∞ ∞ 4πε 0 x 2
B to A. r
qq 0 r −2 qq 0  − 1
4πε 0 ∫ ∞
Sol. Here, the test charge is an electron, i.e. =− x dx =−
4πε 0  x  ∞
q 0 = – 1.6 × 10 –19 C
qq 0  1 1   1
Q ∫ x dx = − 
VA = 20 V −2
= −
and VB = − 40 V 4πε 0  r ∞   x

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Chapter Exercises

(A) Taking it together

28 Electric charges q , q , − 2q are placed at the corners

(a) 20 × 105 (b) 10 × 105

66 An electric dipole is situated in an electric field of

uniformly charged plastic disc of radius R is the (c)   (d)  

(a) 0.85 × 107 ms −1 (b) 1.0 × 107 ms −1 (a) M1 ≠ M 2 but Q1 = Q 2 (b) M1 = M 2

(B) Medical entrance special format questions

(a) The dipole will not experience any force

Column I Column II 3. Four metallic plates are charged as shown in figure.

C. r. A single positive charge

B. Electric field in region-II q. −σ

D. Electric field in region-IV s. zero

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1 A spherical conductor of radius 10 cm has a charge  1 

6 A hollow metal sphere of radius R is uniformly (a) 6 × 10−3 Nm (b) 3 × 10−3 Nm

(a) F / 2 (b) F y/2

45 If a mass of 20 g having charge 3.0 mC moving with

CHECK POINT 1.2

CHECK POINT 1.3

CHECK POINT 1.4

CHECK POINT 1.5

(A) Taking it together

(B) Medical entrance special format questions

(C) Medical entrances’ gallery

Fnet = (FA )2 + (FB )2 + 2FAFB cos 120 ° q

+q 8 (d) By using Gauss’s law, ∫ E ⋅ dA = ∫ (E1 + E 2 + E 3 + E 4 ) ⋅ dA

6 (c) Torque, τmax = pE = q (d )E = 2 × 10 −6 × 0.01 × 5 × 10 5 . × 10 −31 kg

43 (a) Suppose neutral point N lies at a distance x from dipole of

At point N electric field due to dipole j kq kq /2

Finally, when a third spherical conductor cames in contact X

Thus, nature of force between q1 and newly introduced charge  1 q 2  2  1 q 2  2 

1 q2 1 q2 58 (b) The schematic diagram of distribution of charges on X-axis

1 (Q )(Q / 2) 1 Q2 78 (a) On negative charge, the resultant force acts as a restoring

77 (d) Electric field at the centre of charged circular ring is zero.

Charge on dl, dq = λR dθ ∴ v 2 − u 2 = 2as

T cos q 4 (b) As σ1 = σ 2 (given)

Match the columns (1.6 × 10 − 19 )2

23 (a) As, 1019 is removed from the neutral metal.

τ 2 = torque on the dipole due to E 2 = p × E1 By using, v = u + at

1 joule 4 Electrostatics of conductors

Given, VP = 20 V and q 0 = 400 µC = 400 × 10− 6 C Work done by external force,

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