INVESTIGATING FACTORS INFLUENCING THE SPENDING HABITS

OF SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL ABM STUDENTS

A Quantitative Research Paper

Presented to the Faculty of Senior High School Program
Holy Trinity College of General Santos City

In Partial Fulfilment of the

Requirements for the Senior High School
Accountancy, Business, and Management

Millang, Jhoana Mae L.

Manansala, Maria Christina R.
Tiin, Kristine Mae M.
Yakit, Kim C.
Laniton, Charles P.
Parasan, Rekimberly Jean F.
Mohamad, Al-Shannah Fatima

MAY 2024
TABLE OF CONTENTS

I. THE PROBLEM AND ITS SETTING

Introduction ...................................................................................................................1

Statement of the Problem ............................................................................................2

Scope and Delimitation ................................................................................................3

Significance of the Study ..............................................................................................3

II. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

Related Literature .........................................................................................................4

Related Studies ............................................................................................................6

Conceptual Framework ................................................................................................9

Definition of Terms .................................................................................................... 10

III. METHODOLOGY

Research Design ....................................................................................................... 12

Research Locale........................................................................................................ 12

Research Respondents ............................................................................................. 13

Research Instrument ................................................................................................. 13

Validity of the Instrument ........................................................................................... 13

Data Gathering Procedure ........................................................................................ 13

Statistical Treatment.................................................................................................. 14

Ethical Considerations............................................................................................... 15

REFERENCES ............................................................................................................ 16
CHAPTER 1

THE PROBLEM AND ITS SETTING

Introduction

People have a habit of spending money. They use their money to buy things they
need and want like food, groceries, clothes, and not just for school supplies. Some
students from rich families do not face financial issues in the Senior High School ABM
department, but this is new for them as they transition from being kids to adults. Instead
of spending a lot on unimportant things, students should be cautious with their money.
This means they need to take serious actions and learn about managing finances. It is
now a very rampant case that students’ allowances cannot stay until the remaining
duration of their allowances due to their spending habits (Mahadi et al. 2022).

However, the spending habits of young adults are a growing topic in the realm of
financial management. Spending habits cannot be separated from the daily life of the
people due to the rapid change of the competitive global business environment. As a
result, decision-making has grown increasingly difficult. Due to their exposure to
advertising campaigns, internet providers, and electronic shopping facilities, students are
affected by this problem. According to Jeevitha and Priya (2019), students tend to spend
more money than they save, even though they know saving is important. Even though
many students rely on their parents for money, they still have their own ways of
spending. Teaching students about managing money can help them avoid spending on
unnecessary things.

In addition, how someone spends their money is greatly influenced by their

family. When it comes to making purchases, teenagers frequently put their demands on
their parents, who then usually respect and acknowledge their independence.
Depending on the parents' income, profession, level of education, and type of family,
children's influence on family purchasing decisions varies. It has been discovered that a
parent's income significantly affects the influence that a child has. Parents are essential
in helping their kids learn how to budget, save, and spend money so they can grow up to
be consumers in the family. As stated by Fullen (2018), people acquire spending habits
from their parents and other prominent people. Each child's particular financial
experiences influence their parents' financial management and the lessons they teach
their children. Parents significantly influence the development of children. However, in

1
today's situation, people can still control how much they spend. They tend to be careful
with their spending on food and transportation because these are essential needs,
especially living in a city.

The gap in this study is that there has not been that much study specifically on
high school students, especially those studying business subjects like accounting,
business, and management (ABM). Most research focuses on adults and youngsters, so
there is a lack of understanding about what influences spending habits among seniors in
high school.

Thus, this study aims to determine factors influencing spending habits among
senior high school ABM students. It is also important for students to control their
spending habits from now on, and determining their factors can lead to an effective
solution to their problems. Thus, spending habits are a great concern among ABM
students.

Statement of the Problem

This research aims to determine factors influencing the spending habits of Senior
High School ABM students at Holy Trinity College.

Specifically, it sought to answer the following questions:

1. What is the level of factors influencing the spending habits of Senior High School ABM
Students in terms of:

1.1 Parental Influence on Spending;

1.2 Peer Influence; and

1.3 Compulsive Spending?

2. What factor influences the spending habits of senior high school ABM students the
most in terms of:

2.1 Parental Influence on Spending;

2.2 Peer Influence; and

2.3 Compulsive Spending?

2
Scope and Delimitation

This study will focus on ABM students in the senior high school department at
Holy Trinity College to determine the factors that influence the spending habits of ABM
students. This study will gather data through questionnaires and surveys to gather
information on students’ spending habits. Providing solutions on how these factors
influence the spending habits of ABM students at Holy Trinity College. To some extent,
this study has some limitations; the study’s pertinent results may not be relevant or
applicable to other schools or to any students in different grade levels. The findings of
this study may provide useful information for both students and teachers.

Significance of the Study

The significance of this study is to provide valuable information about factors

Influencing spending habits among accounting, business, and management students at
Holy Trinity College. Thus, the researchers hope that this study will provide relevant
information and be beneficial to the following:

Educational Institution. Schools and other educational institutions will be aware

of these issues and support their future students to learn more about spending habits,
promoting a financially responsible school community.

Community. The community of General Santos City will be informed and

responsible in providing support to young children through responsible encouragement
about spending habits.

Teachers. This study will help teachers incorporate relevant information about
spending habits to inform and guide students through their journey.

Parents. This study offers insights about spending habits that will help parents
guide and support their children towards responsible spending decisions.

Students. This study will help students determine the factors influencing their
spending habits. Learning about responsible spending decisions is essential.

Future Researcher. This study may serve as a further basis for future
researchers to expand their knowledge about spending habits among senior high school
ABM students.

3
CHAPTER 2

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND RELATED STUDIES

This chapter presents relevant works, literature, and studies of local and foreign
authors for the purpose of establishing a deeper and better understanding of the topic
and the problem and as basis of the methods and claims used in the study.

Review of Related Literature

Spending Habits

A spending habit refers to the practice of allocating funds in response to a range

of circumstances, including activities, surroundings, and individual needs and desires. It
has to do with decisions people make about their spending, such as how much of their
income they devote to necessities and recreational pursuits. According to Bona et al.
(2018), a spending habit is a routinely practiced, taught code of behavior. Furthermore,
this study discovered that developing sound spending habits is essential for reaching
financial success. These habits include prudent spending, which enables you to stretch
your money farther and more easily reach your financial objectives. An individual's daily
existence is impacted by their spending habits (D. Andriani, and N. Nugraha, 2018).

Due to the rapid expansion of the very competitive global corporate environment,
it is impossible to isolate people's purchasing patterns from their everyday lives.
Consequently, decision-making has become increasingly challenging (Stym, 2020).
Students are impacted by this issue due to their exposure to marketing campaigns,
ISPs, and electronic purchasing possibilities (Stym, 2020). A bad spending habit is a
pattern of conduct characterized by an inability to manage recurring costs. According to
Luelle (2018), the social learning hypothesis suggests that individuals pick up their
spending habits from their parents and other significant figures. Moreover, Ollau et al.
(2020) claim that a young adult's spending patterns have a big influence on how long
their money will endure.

Parental Influence on Spending

The parental influence on spending the approach of children to economic matters

is linked to that of their parents. Different parental influence on spending includes
parental modelling, discussion and guidance, habit formation, and providing

4
independence. As specified by (Enano et al., 2022), spending behavior of an individual
especially teenagers tend to be alarming as studies revealed that they will cover a large
amount of consumer spending this year. Those teenagers may not lead to financial
problems in their adulthood if they know how to manage their money wisely. The
parents’ or guardians’ role in teaching financial management to their children is vital.

Moreover, previous research has demonstrated that if children learn, parents'

actions can have a significant impact on their children's spending habits. According to
Cohen and Nelson (2018) and Ramsey (2018), children acquire the fundamentals of
financial literacy and adapt to spending money wisely through the examples set in their
households. Also, Bucciol and Veronesi (2020) discovered that if teenagers are
encouraged to save money by their parents, their propensity to save increases by
approximately 16%. Encouragement from parents will foster healthy habits in their
children's behavior. Furthermore, as stated by Firmansyah (2021), children inherit their
parents' attitudes and behaviors, which can foretell the types of financial decisions and
management they will do in the future. Padilla-Walker, Nelson, and Carroll (2022)
observed that parental influences can contribute to financial stability and independence
in the children's monetary aspects.

According to Tuliao (2019), we frequently observe and model our parents and
other family members' spending habits. As stated by Hadrik & Hotirak (2018), their
parents' spending habits affect their children's positive and negative spending. They also
stated that Socialization agents, such as family and peer groups, impact people's
attitudes toward money.

Peer Influence

Peer influence is a phenomenon where individuals imitate their friends, often

mindlessly. Adolescence is a critical period for personal growth and development,
allowing individuals to become better versions of them, which can impact their fate.
Careful handling is crucial during this delicate stage. According to Suryani & Usman
(2016), Students' spending habits are greatly impacted by peer influence. Studies show
that friends have a significant impact on students' consumption patterns, particularly
when it comes to frivolous spending. Peer relationships and locus of control also have
an impact on spending patterns, which emphasizes the significance of balancing these
factors. Studies demonstrate a strong correlation between baseline characteristics and

5
peer influence, illustrating how it affects a range of lifestyle behaviors, such as routines,
physical activity, diet, and fashion. Peer impact also varies by product category, with
normative and informational influences changing according to the type of product. Peers
are generally quite effective at influencing students' spending habits, which emphasizes
the need of comprehending and properly managing these impacts.

Compulsive Spending

Compulsive spending is a shopping addiction and pathological buying is when a

person feels an uncontrollable need to shop and spend, either for themselves or others.
Over the past 20 years, there has been a rise in interest in compulsive shopping, despite
the fact that it was initially documented in the 19th century. Impulsive and compulsive
behaviors combined with a decline in social, personal, and professional functioning are
the hallmarks of compulsive buying disorder (Karakuş&Tamam, 2017). Turkey has had a
sizable Internet user population since the 2000s, and as a result, case studies on the
addiction to online shopping have begun to surface in academic journals.

Many people have an excessive amount of consumer spending, known as

compulsive spending, and as a result, they are usually deeply in debt (Ridgway, 2018).
A lack of impulse control is one of the many characteristics and symptoms that
compulsive behavior and compulsive buying activity share, thus some authors (Kinney,
2018) analyze impulse buying in terms of what would be better classified as compulsive
buying behavior.

Review of Related Studies

Foreign Studies

The study of Putri and Wijaya's 2020 entitled "Analysis of Parental Influence,
Peer Influence, and Media Influence towards Financial Literacy at University of
Indonesia Students" aims to determine the influence of parental, peer, and media
influences on financial literacy among University of Indonesia students. Financial literacy
is a crucial life skill for consumers in an increasingly complex financial landscape.
Governments worldwide are interested in improving financial literacy, and many are
developing national strategies to provide learning opportunities. The study uses a
quantitative approach, involving 395 undergraduate students at the University of
Indonesia, and uses surveys to assess their financial literacy and the connections

6
between peer and parental influence variables and media's influence on financial
knowledge. The research employs questionnaire surveys and quantitative methods,
including Spearman Rank, descriptive statistics, multinomial logistic regression, and
correlation analysis. The findings suggest that University of Houston undergraduate
students may benefit from a more comprehensive approach to financial literacy. The
study highlights the importance of continuous improvement in human resources,
particularly in financial literacy, for economic growth and long-term success.

As for the study of Shruti Gulati (2017) entitled "Impact of Peer Pressure on
Buying", peer pressure can be said to be a social phenomenon where pressure is
exerted by members of a society and a social group that influence a person’s behavior,
though not always negatively. But primarily towards socially undesirable behaviors such
as those where people are resistant or not much inclined to do. Younger people, such as
teenagers and adolescents, are more vulnerable to peer pressure because, at this age,
being gullible is more than expected because the mind hasn’t matured properly and is
still in the development stage. This paper consists of a conceptual analysis related to the
topic “Impact of Peer Pressure on Buying ". The research paper is an attempt at a
descriptive Research, based on the secondary data sourced from various newspaper
articles, journals, magazines, press releases, and media reports. The purchase of a
commodity, good, or service is guided by a host of factors. Each factor influences a
purchase differently. While some stimulate buying, others might discourage a consumer.
Peer pressure is one of those unique pushes that a rational consumer considers before
an actual or a potential purchase of any good or service. Peer pressure rightly puts
pressure on the peer or the persons surrounding for any action, buying being the
relevant one in this case.

The study entitled "Online Shopping Behaviour in Youth: A Systematic Review of

The Factors Influencing Online Shopping in Young Adults" by Imbrahim et al. (2023)
explores the phenomenon of online shopping behavior in young adults, focusing on the
factors influencing this trend. The digital age has made the internet essential for
business, social connections, and shopping, with online shopping becoming a global
phenomenon. The convenience of purchasing goods online has led to a preference for
online shopping over physical stores. Accessible internet access allows individuals to
find the best products and services at better prices, selections, and offers. Online buying
can be classified as purchasing products and/or services using a tablet, laptop, or

7
Smartphone, such as Shopee, Lazada, Grab, and Zalora. The study used a systematic
review approach, analyzing data from 15 scholarly papers related to young adult internet
buying behavior. The conceptual approach aims to explore young individuals' online
purchasing behaviors, highlighting the reasons behind the rise in online shopping.
Factors such as lower prices, easier research before making a purchase, and the ability
to shop from home and make cashless transactions on the internet have contributed to
the rise in online shopping.

Local Studies

The study made by J.T.C Bona et al. (2018) entitled "Factors affecting the
Spending Behaviors of College Students", explores the factors influencing the spending
behavior of college students. The research emphasizes the importance of developing
good financial habits early on to ensure financial stability and avoid overspending. The
study used a descriptive survey method, with a researcher-made questionnaire as the
main instrument for data collection. Interviews were conducted to verify respondents'
answers and gather additional information. The respondents were college students from
Surigao del Sur State University Cantilan Campus, selected through simple random
sampling. Percentage was used for simple descriptive interpretation of demographic
data, while weighted mean was employed to determine factors affecting spending
behavior. The study aimed to understand how these factors influenced the spending
conduct of college students and their financial behavior. The research used the
descriptive survey method to gather data from Surigao del Sur State University Cantilan
Campus, the northernmost municipality in the province of Surigao del Sur, Philippines.

Moreover, Pasco et al. (2023) study entitled " The Level of Spending Habits
Among Accountancy, Business, and Management (ABM) Students of Tacurong National
High School (TNHS): Basis for Program Intervention" aimed to determine the spending
habits of Accountancy, Business, and Management (ABM) students at Tacurong
National High School. The research involved 85 Grade 11 and Grade 12 ABM students,
using convenience sampling. The study found that spending patterns were often
observed, with a mean score of 3.98. The researchers proposed an intervention
scheme, and Workshop-Seminar on Spending Habits, emphasizing debt attitude and
compulsive investing. Adopting good spending habits early on can help students achieve
financial literacy and future managerial abilities. Monitoring spending helps avoid hasty

8
purchases and overpaying for goods. By observing spending habits, students can
control their spending and achieve financial goals.

The study entitled "Spending Behavior of ABM Students" by Manansala (2019),

determined the spending behavior of ABM students of SCHIS of the school year 2018-
2019. The researchers employed case study and semi-structured interviews to gather
significant data from the informants. The researcher also used purposive sampling in
choosing the informants of the study. The study used thematic analysis to analyze the
significant data from the informants. The researchers aim to help the students, especially
students of the ABM track, to enhance their capability in applying their knowledge from
their chosen field of study into the real world and their everyday living. With the use of
thematic analysis, the researchers concluded that spending behavior of ABM students
has two major factors include; desire-based expenditure and household-based
expenditure and the developed illustration of the spending behavior of ABM students can
be used as a guideline for their expenditures in their daily living.

In the study of Romel C. Tuliao (2019) entitled “College Students in Cabiao,

Nueva Ecija's Spending Behavior”, spending behavior is an ingrained pattern of activity
that is practiced repeatedly. A sound spending practice is essential to financial success.
This study describes the factors (family background, lifestyle, and attitude) that influence
respondents' spending behavior. What students believe to be their top spending
priorities was revealed by this study. Finding the least and most wanted components that
affect respondents' spending patterns was the aim of this study. This study used the
quantitative research design of descriptive research. In this investigation, the investigator
employed the Simple Random Sampling Method since each respondent had an equal
chance of being selected. Students concurred that their family history had an impact on
their spending patterns.

Conceptual Framework

This model is anchored in the research conducted by Decena et al. (2023)

entitled The Level of Spending Habits Among Accountancy, Business, and Management
(ABM) Students of Tacurong National High School (TNHS): Basis for Program
Intervention” where the purpose of this study is to determine the level of spending habits
among ABM students of Tacurong National High School. The conceptual framework of
this study will present the variables of the research on Investigating Factors Influencing

9
the Spending Habits of Senior High School at Holy Trinity College in General Santos
City. The researchers will use the Input-Process-Output (IPO) model to investigate the
factors influencing the spending habits of Senior High School ABM students. The IPO
model refers to input, process, and output. Input is the collecting of data or resources to
be introduced that is related to the study, process includes all the researchers’ action in
conducting the study, while the output is the results that will be presented.

Input Process Output

- Parental Influence - Data Gathering At the end of the

on Savings - Selection of research,
- Financial method researchers will be
Consciousness - Formulation of able to generate and
- Financial Planning research present relative
- Compulsive instrument ideas regarding to
the factors affecting
Spending - Analysis and
spending habits of
Interpretation of
SHS ABM students
Data collected
at HTC

Figure 1. IPO Model Paradigm of the Study

This model provides an organized approach to understand how various inputs

contribute to the processes that will generate specific outputs. By employing the IPO
model to the study, the input variables, process of data collection and analysis, and the
output of key findings and implications will be systematically organized.

Definition of Terms

ABM Students. Conceptually, this term are students who are under
accountancy, business, and management strand as they actively pursue studying that is
related to their strand. Operationally, they were as well as the respondents of the study
that will be conducted.

Compulsive Spending. Conceptually, this term refers to an individual's

awareness of their spending habits and expenses, their ability to change their financial
outcomes, their willingness to act, and their sophistication in money matters.
Operationally, it refers to when senior high school ABM students buy things impulsively
and excessively, without thinking about their financial situation or needs carefully.

10
Parental Influence on Spending. Conceptually, this term discusses the
influence of parental guidance on children's saving habits, highlighting how these habits
are nurtured and maintained throughout their lives. Operationally, it describes how much
parents' actions, advice, and teachings affect the way senior high school ABM students
save money.

Peer Influence. Conceptually, this term refers to a situation in which one

individual influences or was influenced by one or more individuals of a similar age.
Operationally, it refers to spending decisions of senior high school ABM students that
are directly or indirectly affected by the actions, opinions, and behaviours of their peers
within the same social group.

Senior High School. Conceptually, this term is the last two years of high school
where students study more advanced subjects before going to college. Operationally, it
is the grade level of the respondents in the study.

Spending Habits. Conceptually, this term refers to spending equally under the
same circumstances and having full control to make careful decisions. Operationally, it
means how senior high school ABM students handle their money, including how they
save, budget, and spend it.

11
CHAPTER 3

METHODOLOGY

The method researchers are going to use in collecting the data is presented in
this chapter. It covers the research design, locale, research respondents, research
instrument, data gathering procedure, the method of data analysis, and the ethical
considerations in the study.

Research Design

This study employs a descriptive design in using quantitative methods. According

to Sunaina Singh (2023), descriptive research is an exploratory research method that
helps a researcher describes a population, circumstance, or phenomenon. This research
design does not involve changing the study variables and does not seek to establish
cause-and-effect relationships. Descriptive research design was chosen to allow
researchers to thoroughly observe and analyze the factors influencing the spending
habits of senior high school ABM students.

Research Locale

This study will be conducted at Holy Trinity College, Macario Catalina Hall. It was
located at Daproza Avenue, General Santos City, South Cotabato, Philippines, to
determine the factors influencing the spending habits, particularly among the youth and
the spending habits of Senior High School (SHS) students, specifically those enrolled in
the Accountancy, Business, and Management (ABM) strand, are of significant interest.
The researchers will choose this school as the research locale because of grade 11 and
grade 12 senior high school ABM students who are well-suited as the respondents of
this study.

Figure 2. Map of the Research Locale

12
Research Respondents

In this study, the researchers choose the strand ABM from grade 11 and 12
senior high school enrolled at Holy Trinity College of General Santos City as the
respondents of this study. The respondents were selected through purposive sampling.
According to Dr. Renu Bisht (2024), purposive sampling, also referred to as judgmental
or expert sampling, is the deliberate selection of participants by the researcher according
to their areas of competence. Participants are selected specifically to meet the goals of
the study, not at random. This approach enables the researcher to focus on people who
have particular characteristics that are relevant to the study, making it appropriate for
small groups with a defined research goal.

Research Instrument

In gathering the data, the researchers are determined to apply quantitative

modified survey questionnaires. A questionnaire is a research tool featuring a series of
questions used to collect useful information from respondents (Clint, 2022). The
researchers will use modified survey questionnaires in assessing the factors influencing
the spending habits of Senior High School ABM students in Holy Trinity College of
General Santos City and it serves as a main tool of gathering the data. The instrument
was designed to know how much the spending habits of the respondents are in general,
how and where they spend it and how they budget it.

Validity of the Instrument

The validity of the instrument will be checked through the use of a research
instrument validation form by the research instrument validation, the researchers will ask
a licensed teacher, specializing in practical research and an expert on ABM researchers
who will check the content and face validity of the instrument.

Data Gathering Procedure

The researchers plan to apply modified survey questionnaires for gathering data,
intending to assess the factors influencing the spending habits of senior high school
ABM students in Holy Trinity College of General Santos City. These questionnaires will
serve as the primary tool for data collection, designed to determine the respondents'
general spending habits, allocation patterns, and budgeting strategies. Printed survey
questions will be distributed to selected participants, and to ensure the accuracy and

13
reliability of the gathered information, the questionnaire questions will be drawn from or
updated accordingly.

Instrument Data Data Presentation

Preparation Gathering Analysis Of Data

Figure 3. Data Gathering Procedure Flow Chart

• The first stage in this illustration is Instrument Preparation, which is concerned with
getting everything ready and preparing for the following step, Data Gathering.
• The second step in data collection is when the instrument is utilised to collect all of
the data required for this research, and the researcher collects the data from the
respected sample.
• Data analysis is the process by which the researcher analyses and fixes all of the
data obtained during data collection.
• Data presentation refers to the researcher presenting fixed and analysed data in an
appropriate manner, as well as the data analysis process.

Statistical Treatment

To interpret the data effectively, the researchers will make use of the following
statistical treatment. The weighted mean and Likert Scale are the tools that we will use
to interpret the data.

1. Weighted Mean

The weighted mean was computed to get the average or central value of the
responses in every statement using this formula:

WM =

Where: WM= Weighted Mean

X1= Number of respondents in strongly agree

X2= Number of respondents in agree

X3= Number of respondents in neutral

X4= Number of respondents in disagreed

14
X5= Number of respondents in strongly disagreed

n= Total number of respondents

2. Likert Scale

The weighted mean of every statement will be interpreted using the 5-point Likert Scale.
In addition, the following scale will be adapted to quantify the respondents’ answer to
each item:
Scale Equivalent Descriptive Rating

1 Strongly disagree

2 Disagree

3 Neutral

4 Agree

5 Strongly Agree

Ethical Considerations

The researcher actively takes measures to safeguard the well-being of the

participants. In this regard, several ethical considerations are carefully weighed.

Confidentiality. Personal information of the participants is treated with utmost

confidentiality and is not disclosed without their explicit consent.

Voluntary Participation. The study is entirely voluntary, ensuring that

individuals have the autonomy to decide whether they wish to take part.

Ensuring Harmlessness. Certain information is kept private to maintain the

safety and well-being of all participants involved in the study.

Transparency. It is imperative to maintain honesty and integrity in all interactions

with participants. There is a commitment to providing truthful information without any
form of deception.

15
REFERENCES (CORRECTION)

Agarwal, S., Amromin, G., Ben‐David, I., Chomsisengphet, S., & Evanoff, D. D. (2015).
Financial literacy and financial planning: Evidence from India. Journal of Housing
Economics. [Link]

Andriani, D. P., & Nugraha, N. (2018). Spending habits and financial literacy based on
gender on employees. IOP Conference Series. Materials Science and
Engineering. [Link]

Bona, J. (2018). Factors Affecting the Spending Behavior of College Students. African
Journal Online. [Link]

Bugheanu, A., & Străchinaru, A. (2020). Financial spending behavior patterns based on
education, gender and age. Studies in Business and Economics.
[Link]

Chalise, L., & Anong, S. T. (2017). Spending behavior change and financial distress
during the Great Recession. Financial Counseling and Planning.
[Link]

Darshini, S. K., Hafizah, S., Jaizah, O., Shahrullizuannizam, S. (2022). The influence of
spending behaviour among universitystudents in Malaysia. Asian Journal of
Accounting and Finance. [Link]

Fernandez, R. N., Ignacio, A. J. C., Cruz, J. M. M. G., Santarina, A. L. A., Canlapan, M.

B., & Simangan, R. V. (2021). Financial literacy and spending habits of Bachelor
of Science in Accounting Information System (BSAIS) students. International
Journal of Advanced Engineering, Management and Science.
[Link]

Hani, L. Y. B. (2020). A study of financial planning and investment of individual.

[Link].
[Link]
stment_of_Individual

Hasanah, H., & Khodijah, S. (2019). Spending habits: Socio-Economic Dimensions of

Fisheries Resource Utilization in Coastal Communities of the South Coast of
Muncar Banyuwangi. Fenomena. [Link]

16
Jain, N., & Sehgal, A. (2023). Statistical Decision Making of Spending and Savings
Habits among Students of Delhi NCR Region. European Union Digital Library.
[Link]

Jeevitha, P., & Kanya Priya, R. (2019). A study on saving and spending habits of college
students. IJRAR- International Journal of Research and Analytical Reviews.
[Link]
Oq45zX0YowF7CZsd40cFA_KZkFIRoYibaVGu8GsGOKmGXY

Lalmuanpuia, N. (2021). A Study on Student Budgeting and Spending Behaviour Among

the College Students of Aizawl. Government J. Thankima College.
[Link]

Mahadi, N. A., et. al. (2022). Multiple linear regression analysis on factors affecting
spending habits among FSKM UiTM Shah Alam undergraduate students. UiTM
Institutional Repository. [Link]

Manansala, Y. T. (2019). Spending Behavior of ABM Students. SCRIBD.

[Link]
Students

Nasiri, M. A., Sultani, A., & Dr. Chandrashekhar, R. (2022). Spending and Saving
Behavior of Afghan Students in Mangalore City, India. International Journal of
Innovation and Research in Educational Sciences.
[Link]
IJIRES_1812_FINAL.pdf

Pasco, A. N., et al. (2023). The Level of Spending Habits Among Accountancy,
Business, and Management (ABM) Students of Tacurong National High School
(TNHS): Basis for Program Intervention. ResearchGate.
[Link]
abits_Among_Accountancy_Business_and_Management_ABM_Students_of_Ta
curong_National_High_School_TNHS_Basis_For_Program_Intervention

Signh, S., et al. (2020). Student Budgeting and Spending Behavior. International Journal
of Creative Research Thought. [Link]

17
Tuliao, R. (2019). College Students in Cabiao, Nueva Ecija's Spending Behavior.
International Research Journal of Education and Technology.
[Link]
%20Spending%[Link]

[Link]
and-examples/

18