Name: fahira azzahro
Exercise 2: Skeletal Muscle Physiology: Activity 3: The Effect of Stimulus Frequency on Skeletal Muscle Contraction Lab
Report
Pre-lab Quiz Results
You scored 100% by answering 4 out of 4 questions correctly.
1. During a single twitch of a skeletal muscle
You correctly answered: b. maximal force is never achieved.
2. When a skeletal muscle is repetitively stimulated, twitches can overlap each other and result in a stronger muscle
contraction than a stand-alone twitch. This phenomenon is known as
You correctly answered: c. wave summation.
3. Wave summation is achieved by
You correctly answered: a. increasing the stimulus frequency (the rate of stimulus delivery to the muscle).
4. Wave summation increases the force produced in the muscle. Another way to increase the force produced by a muscle
is to
You correctly answered: d. increase the number of activated motor units.
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Experiment Results
Predict Question:
Predict Question 1: As the stimulus frequency increases, what will happen to the muscle force generated with each
successive stimulus? Will there be a limit to this response?
Your answer : b. As the stimulus frequency increases, the muscle force generated by each successive stimulus will
increase. There will be a limit to this increase.
Predict Question 2: In order to produce sustained muscle contractions with an active force value of 5.2 grams, do you think
you will need to increase the stimulus voltage?
Your answer : a. yes
Stop & Think Questions:
Was there any change in the force generated by the muscle during the second stimulated twitch?
You correctly answered: c. Yes, the second twitch generated more muscle force.
Is the total muscle force generated by the higher frequency stimulation greater than the force generated in previous
stimulations?
You correctly answered: a. Yes, it is greater than the previous stimulations.
Does the force generated by the muscle change with each additional stimulus?
You correctly answered: b. As the stimulus frequency increased, the muscle tension generated by each successive stimulus
also increased, and a limiting maximum value was observed.
Experiment Data:
Voltage Length Stimulus Active Force Passive Force Total Force
8.5 75 Single 1.83 0.0 1.83
8.5 75 Multiple 3.37 0.0 3.37
8.5 75 Multiple 4.57 0.0 4.57
10 75 Multiple 4.22 0.0 4.22
8.5 75 Multiple 5.20 0.0 5.20
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Post-lab Quiz Results
You scored 50% by answering 2 out of 4 questions correctly.
1. Which of the following is not one of the ways that the body can increase the force produced by a skeletal muscle?
Your answer: b. application of high-frequency stimulation by a motor neuron
Correct answer: d. application of higher voltages to the whole muscle
2. When a muscle receives a stimulus frequency that causes non-overlapping twitches to follow each other closely in time
such that the peak tension of each twitch rises in a stepwise fashion up to a plateau value, the result is known as
Your answer: b. wave summation.
Correct answer: c. treppe.
3. In this experiment the isolated skeletal muscle was repetitively stimulated such that individual twitches overlapped with
each other and resulted in a stronger muscle contraction than a standalone twitch. This phenomenon is known as
You correctly answered: c. wave summation.
4. Wave summation is achieved by
You correctly answered: a. increasing the rate of stimulus delivery (frequency) to the muscle.
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Review Sheet Results
1. What is the difference between stimulus intensity and stimulus frequency?
Your answer:
stimulus intensity : describe the amount of force generated to adminiter the stimulus
stimulus frequency : refers to the rate of delivers stimulus to the muscle
2. In this experiment you observed the effect of stimulating the isolated skeletal muscle multiple times in a short period with
complete relaxation between the stimuli. Describe the force of contraction with each subsequent stimulus. Are these results
called treppe or wave summation?
Your answer:
when stimulating the isolatedskeletal muscle multiple times in a short period with complate relaxation between, each force
between each stimulus increased slightly in step like form to a max peak. this is treppe
3. How did the frequency of stimulation affect the amount of force generated by the isolated skeletal muscle when the
frequency of stimulation was increased such that the muscle twitches did not fully relax between subsequent stimuli? Are
these results called treppe or wave summation? How well did the results compare with your prediction?
Your answer:
In time that the stimulation frequency was increased to the situation in which muscle relaxation did not occur, the amount of
force increased with each stimulus. When muscle twitches overlap and stimuli occurs one after another in a short amount of
time, the muscle contraction is higher if a single stand alone contraction had occurred. This is known as wave summation.
4. To achieve an active force of 5.2 g, did you have to increase the stimulus voltage above 8.5 volts? If not, how did you
achieve an active force of 5.2 g? How well did the results compare with your prediction?
Your answer:
My prediction was wrong. I did not increase the stimulus voltage, but just increase the rate of stimulus
5. Compare and contrast frequency-dependent wave summation with motor unit recruitment (previously observed by
increasing the stimulus voltage). How are they similar? How was each achieved in the experiment? Explain how each is
achieved in vivo.
Your answer:
My prediction was wrong. I did not increase the stimulus voltage, but just increase the rate of stimulus
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Name: fahira azzahro
Exercise 2: Skeletal Muscle Physiology: Activity 5: Fatigue in Isolated Skeletal Muscle Lab Report
Pre-lab Quiz Results
You scored 100% by answering 4 out of 4 questions correctly.
1. When skeletal muscle twitches fuse so that the peaks and valleys of each twitch become indistinguishable from each
other, the muscle is in a state known as
You correctly answered: d. complete (fused) tetanus.
2. When the stimulus frequency reaches a value beyond which no further increase of skeletal muscle force can occur, the
muscle has reached its
You correctly answered: c. maximal tetanic tension.
3. A decline in a muscle's ability to maintain a constant level of force, or tension, after prolonged, repetitive stimulation is
called
You correctly answered: c. fatigue.
4. Which of the following is not thought to be a contributing factor to the development of fatigue?
You correctly answered: a. buildup of Ca2+ in the muscle fibers
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Experiment Results
Predict Question:
Predict Question: If the stimulator is briefly turned off for defined periods of time, what will happen to the length of time that
the muscle is able to sustain maximal developed tension when the stimulator is turned on again?
Your answer : a. The length of the rest period will not substantially impact the length of time for sustained muscle tension.
Stop & Think Questions:
Why does the stimulated muscle force begin to decrease over time despite the maintained stimuli? (Note that a decrease in
maximal force indicates muscle fatigue is developing.)
You correctly answered: d. More than one of these answers could be correct.
Why did the length of the intervening rest period affect the length of time the skeletal muscle can maintain maximum tension
once the stimulator is turned on again?
You correctly answered: c. Intracellular concentrations of ADP and Pi declined during the rest period.
Experiment Data:
Voltage Stimuli/sec Rest Period (sec) Active Force (g) Sustained Maximal Force
(sec)
8.5 120 0 5.86 10
8.5 120 0 5.86 10
8.5 120 10 5.86 1.00
8.5 120 20 5.86 5.00
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Post-lab Quiz Results
You scored 100% by answering 5 out of 5 questions correctly.
1. During cross bridge cycling in skeletal muscle, force is created by the
You correctly answered: c. power stroke of the myosin heads.
2. The term tetanus refers to
You correctly answered: b. sustained muscle tension due to repetitive stimuli.
3. A decline in a muscle's ability to maintain a constant level of force, or tension, after prolonged, repetitive stimulation is
called
You correctly answered: c. fatigue.
4. During fatigue
You correctly answered: c. the number of active cross bridges begins to decline although the rate of stimulus delivery
(frequency) remains constant.
5. If an intervening rest period is imposed on active skeletal muscle
You correctly answered: c. the development of fatigue will be delayed.
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Review Sheet Results
1. When a skeletal muscle fatigues, what happens to the contractile force over time?
Your answer:
the force was decreas
2. What are some proposed causes of skeletal muscle fatigue?
Your answer:
some proposed causes are high concentration of lactic acid, ADP, Pi
3. Turning the stimulator off allows a small measure of muscle recovery. Thus, the muscle will produce more force for a
longer time period if the stimulator is briefly turned off than if the stimuli were allowed to continue without interruption.
Explain why this might occur. How well did the results compare with your prediction?
Your answer:
the muscle will has a great period of time it can sustain maximal developed tension, If there is more resting time between
the stimulations
4. List a few ways that humans could delay the onset of fatigue when they are vigorously using their skeletal muscles.
Your answer:
hydration and healty diet
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