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TVL-AFA
ORGANIC AGRICULTURE
Quarter 3 – Module 7
Perform Plant Care and
Management (Irrigation)

NegOr_Q3_Organic Agriculture Prod11_Module1_v2

Organic Agriculture – Grade 11
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 3 – Module 7: Perform Plant Care and Management (Irrigation)
First Edition, 2020

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use these materials from their respective copyright owners. The publisher and
authors do not represent nor claim ownership over them.

Published by the Department of Education

Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones
Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio

Development Team of the Module

Writers: Rosie C. Baldelovar/Analiza L. Pampora
Editors: Jonathan L. Bayaton
Reviewers: Eva May L. Baguio
Illustrator: Rosie C. Baldelovar
Typesetter: Jonathan L. Bayaton
Management Team: Senen Priscillo P. Paulin, CESO V Rosela R. Abiera
Joelyza M. Arcilla, EdD Maricel S. Rasid
Marcelo K. Palispis, EdD Elmar L. Cabrera
Nilita R. Ragay, EdD
Antonio B. Baguio

Printed in the Philippines by

Department of Education –Region VII Schools Division of Negros Oriental

Office Address: Kagawasan, Ave., Daro, Dumaguete City, Negros Oriental

Tele #: (035) 225 2376 / 541 1117
E-mail Address: [email protected]
Introductory Message
This Self-Learning Module (SLM) is prepared so that you, our dear
learners, can continue your studies and learn while at home.
Activities, questions, directions, exercises, and discussions are
carefully stated for you to understand each lesson.
Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide
you step-by-step as you discover and understand the lesson
prepared for you.
Pre-tests are provided to measure your prior knowledge of lessons
in each SLM. This will tell you if you need to proceed with
completing this module or if you need to ask your facilitator or
your teacher’s assistance for a better understanding of the lesson.
At the end of each module, you need to answer the post-test to
self-check you’re learning. Answer keys are provided for each
activity and test. We trust that you will be honest in using these.
In addition to the material in the main text, Notes to the Teacher
are also provided to our facilitators and parents for strategies and
reminders on how they can best help you on your home-based
learning.
Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks
on any part of this SLM. Use a separate sheet of paper in
answering the exercises and tests. And read the instructions
carefully before performing each task.
If you have any questions in using this SLM or any difficulty in
answering the tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult
your teacher or facilitator.
Thank you.

i
What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to
help you master the nature of Organic Agriculture. The scope of this
module permits it to be used in many different learning situations.
The language used recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of
students. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard sequence
of the course. But the order in which you read them can be changed
to correspond with the textbook you are now using.

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What I Know

Direction: Arrange the jumbled letters and match column A to column B to

get the correct answer. Write your answer in your test notebook.

COLUMN COLUMN B
A
1. the amount of water held by
the soil after gravitational water is 1. Felid caciapty
drained away.
2. Pmanerent winiltg pinot
2. a level of moisture in the soil
which is unavailable to the plant. 3. Dinagrae

3. the removal of excess water 4. Eapovtioran

from the soil.
5. Tpiraioranstn
4. the loss of water in the soil in
vapor form. 6. Sepagee

5. the loss of water from the 7. Polaerction

leaves in the form of water vapor.
8. Irrtiigaon
6. the horizontal passage of
water or sideward loss of water in the
soil.

7. the vertical/downward
movement and loss of water from the
soil.

8. the application of water to the

soil by any other means than rainfall.

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Lesson
IRRIGATION
1
In this module, you will be learning to formulate
explanations of the benefits of irrigation, initiate applying the
different methods of irrigating plants, practice the proper ways of
irrigation and drainage practices and follow the watering schedule
based on the visual feel of the soil steps.

What’s In

Direction: Answer the following questions to refresh your mind. Write

your answer on your answer sheet.

1. What are the parts of plants that are directly planted in the soil?

2. Why should we follow the required depth of planting?

3. What are the advantages of using broadcasting over other

methods of planting?

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What’s New

Irrigation is the process of applying controlled amounts of water to

plants at needed intervals. Irrigation helps to grow crops, maintain
landscapes, and revegetate disturbed soils in dry areas and during periods
of less than average rainfall.

Try to answer the following questions before you proceed with the lesson
properly.

1. Why do we need to irrigate our land?

2. What are the most common methods of irrigation in your area? Why?

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What is It

Irrigation

Vegetables, being succulent products, are generally over 90% water. Thus, water
determines the burden and yield of vegetables. the standard of vegetable products
could also be traced directly or indirectly to the mismanagement of installation
within the production field. an honest proportion of investment in vegetable growing
is allocated for water management, whether it is in a traditional farm where water is
applied by labor or in an automatic drip-irrigation system. Unlike field crops which
will be grown under rainfed conditions, vegetables with few exceptions are always
irrigated, a minimum of partially. It is every grower’s utmost concern to use
irrigation water most efficiently. it's equally important to produce adequate drainage
facilities within the field because most vegetables cannot tolerate prolonged
waterlogged conditions.

Benefits of irrigation

1. Irrigation is insurance to drought.

2. It enables the expansion of quick maturing crops.
3. it's a guarantee of the short germination of seeds.
4. it's a way of securing early maturity on most crops.
5. It increases the standard, attractive appearance, and yield of crops.

Factors that Determine Water Deficiency for Irrigation Schedules

1. supported soil water measurements. the amount of soil water system is measured
directly by soil sampling using the tensiometer, electric resistance block, or
gravimetry.

2. supported evaporation rates. This needs evaporative devices. the number of

moistures lost from the crop through transpiration is additionally measured. the
number of waters within the soil minus the number transpired, the number to be
added is that the difference. this is often the simplest index for irrigation
requirements.

3. Calculated irrigation schedules. This method necessitates knowledge of the sector

capacity, permanent wilting percentage, bulk/specific gravity, and effective depth of
rooting, all of which require measurement.

4. Temporary wilting. When water stress occurs within the plant, cells lose turgidity,
and plants show symptoms of wilting. Temporary wilting may occur at mid-day
when water demand reaches its climax, especially during the most well-liked months
of the year. Soil moisture could also be adequate, but transpiration may outpace
water absorption. If this can be so, the plant will recover by evening. However, if
plants wilt within the morning continuously for 3-4 days, water may indeed be
lacking, and the crop must be irrigated immediately.

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1. Color of foliage. Not all plants show temporary wilting when water is proscribed.
Instead, their leaves turned yellowish as in beans and a few cases bluish-green as in
eggplants, because the water is reduced within the soil. Color is an indicator of plant
variety where there's nitrogen supply so consider this.

2. Rate of growth of the plants. If the speed of growth of the crop is sluggish, water
might not be enough.

3. “Feel of the soil”. Get samples from a depth where most of the roots occur and check
out to feel the soil. this relies on the sort of soil.

Type of soil Irrigation is needed

Sandy Appears to be dry but does not form a ball when squeezed
Loam Somewhat crumbly but holds together
Clayey Somewhat pliable forms a ball, too dry to form ribbon easily (ribbon
is formed between thumb and forefinger)

1. Sand-cum-soil-mini plot technique. It involves digging thoroughly a 1 kiloliter pit in

one part of the sector. Mix 5% sand to the soil which has been dug and return it to a
mythical place. Now the soil has reduced water-holding capacity. The crop, including the
test plot, is planted as was common. The plants within the test plot will start to wilt 2-3
days before those within the field. Irrigation must be done when wilting is observed
within the test plot.

Kinds of Irrigation Water

1. Surface irrigation. during this case, water is applied over the surface of the bottom,
either in furrows or by spreading it broadcast over the land being irrigated. Water is
conducted from the source to the points of distribution, either in open ditches or
pipelines. this type of irrigation is typically employed in the Philippines for irrigating
their rice fields.

2. Sub-irrigation. during this reasonable irrigation, the water is delivered to a porous

stratum of soil at the correct depth. The moisture spreads to the plant roots through this
stratum.

3. Overhead or spray irrigation. during this case, water is put into the plants within the
kind of very fine drops or spray or mist. On small scale, this method is employed, like in
nurseries, where water is applied using sprinklers, and water hose with nozzles.

Methods of Irrigation

1. Irrigation by hand. this needs hand labor. this method is employed only where a
valuable crop may be grown during a small piece of land, as in school and home
gardens. Water is applied either early morning or late within the afternoon.
2. Irrigation by a windmill. it's used for irrigating a fruit plantation or a farm. this
technique furnishes a satisfactory means of pumping water in some localities within the
Philippines. It works well in sections along the seashores. One thing which we must bear
in mind is that where windmills are depended upon as a source of water, it's advisable to
possess a substantial storage capacity so there'll be a sufficient supply of water to last
through periods of drought.
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1. Irrigation by power machinery. Water pumps are set within the source of water. Water
is delivered to the sphere through a water hose.

2. Irrigation by gravity. this can be the most affordable and most typical method of
obtaining water for irrigation. Ditch canals are dug from the source of water like streams
or rivers visiting the field; thus, water is taken from the river at an outlet that may be
opened and cleaned up.

3. Drip irrigation. Water passes to small pipes that are directed to the garden or field of
crops. The water may be controlled by closing the source of water.

Causes of Loss of Irrigation Water

Over irrigation. A farmer shouldn't use more water than his crop needs. the number of
waters needed by crops varies with the crop, and a farmer should ascertain what
amount is for every crop and the way it's best distributed among the various times of
application.

1. Poor grading of land. When a chunk of land to be irrigated isn't uniformly or properly
graded, for instance, when certain spots are high while others are low, or when there's
hardly any grade the least bit to permit movement of water by gravity, there'll be loss of
water.

3. Seepage is that the horizontal passage of water from the irrigation canal through the
encompassing ground. Loss of water by seepage is prevented by lining the canal
properly with a clay puddle.

4. Deep percolation. Percolation is that the vertical downward movement of water.

Water that sinks much deeper than the roots of the plants is wasted water. Skillful
cultivation should prevent much loss of water thanks to deep percolation.

5. Run-off at the ends of fields or furrows. To avoid waste of water within the variety of
runoffs, it's necessary to carefully supervise the irrigation work so that simply enough
water is allowed to flow within the irrigation furrows.

6. Direct evaporation. This refers to the loss of water from plant parts, soil surfaces, and
even from bodies of water with the help of sunlight.

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Points to Remember:

Drainage- is defined because the process of removing water from the soil to extend
its productivity.

Benefits derived from drainage

1. It improves the lean of the soil.

2. It ends up in the development of soil aeration.
3. It improves the temperature condition of the soil.
4. It increases the supply of fertilizer.
5. It encourages the multiplication and development of useful organisms within the
soil.
6. It increases benefits obtained from the utilization of fertilizers.

Systems of drainage

1. Surface drainage also called open drainage

2. Under-surface drainage
3. Combination of surface and under surface drainage
4. Vertical drainage – the water runs vertically through the soil into a porous bed of
sand or gravel beneath.

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What’s More

Direction: Fill in the blanks with a word or group of words to complete the
sentence. Copy and answer this in your notebook.

1. The application of water to the soil by any other means than rainfall is.
2. The opposite of irrigation is which is the removal of excess water from
the field.
3. The method of irrigating a small piece of land like backyard and school gardens
is the.
4. The cheapest and most common method of irrigating the field where a ditch canal
is dug from the source (stream or river) going to the field is called.
5. When irrigation water is supplied to the field with the use of engines (water
pumps) to irrigate the field, the method used is.

What I Have Learned

Direction: Fill in the first set of the box with the kinds of irrigation, and for the
next set of boxes fill in how this kind of irrigation is being applied.

Kinds of I r r i g a t i o n Water

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What I Can Do

Option A
Direction: Practice the proper ways of irrigation and drainage
practices in your plants.

Option B

Job Sheet

Direction: Visit and observe a farm or a vegetable garden in your

community. Using this template. Check the following practices based on
your observation.
What irrigation methods do they use?
Did they? Always Sometime Never
s
properly plan the use of irrigation system?

ensure the irrigation system is in place?

make a schedule for irrigation to reduce water

use?
properly manage irrigation use?

properly measure the irrigation system?

prevent and reduce water losses?

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Assessment

Multiple Choices
Direction: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen
letter on a separate sheet of paper.

1. Which is classified as a level of moisture in the soil which is

unavailable to the plant?
a. permanent wilting point
b. drainage
c. irrigation
d. field capacity
2. What method is the removal of excess water from the soil?
a. transpiration
b. drainage
c. evaporation
d. all of the above
3. The process of loss of water from the leaves in the form of water vapor is
called?
a. transpiration
b. permanent wilting point
c. seepage
d. all of the above
4. The application of water to the soil by any other means than rainfall is?
a. irrigation
b. field capacity
c. drainage
d. percolation
5. It refers to the amount of water held by the soil after gravitational
water is drained away.
a. field capacity
b. drainage
c. percolation
d. transpiration
6. It is the horizontal passage of water or sideward loss of water in the soil.
a. field capacity
b. drainage
c. percolation
d. seepage
7. The process of loss of water in the soil in vapor form.
a. evaporation
b. drainage
c. seepage
d. field capacity
8. What are the vertical/downward movement and loss of water from the soil?
a. drainage
b. field capacity
c. percolation
d. all of the above
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9. It refers to the amount of water held by the soil after gravitational water is drained
away.
e. field capacity
f. seepage
g. transpiration
h. drainage
9. This system is used only where a valuable crop can be grown in a small piece of
land, as in school and home gardens.
a. Irrigation by hand
b. overhead or spray irrigation
c. irrigation by windmill
d. irrigation by gravity

Additional Activities

Direction: In your area, try to make a plan of action for an

irrigation method except for irrigation by hand. Make a sketch
plan, and list down all the needed materials and equipment for
the project.
Rubrics for scoring

10 5 3
excellent good Did not perform

1. Clear and
comprehensible

2.Neat
and
cleanly
done
3.list all
materials
and
equipment
4.submitted
on time

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Answer Key

References
Competency Based Learning Material for Third Year Horticulture NC II Pages
143- 150.

https://www.google.com/search?client=firefox-b-d&q=irrigation
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irrigation
Dumaguete Crops Division Provincial Agriculturist Office/power point
presentation of Jacque S. Era/AG II/HVCDP-RO

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For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – Schools Division of Negros Oriental

Kagawasan, Avenue, Daro, Dumaguete City, Negros Oriental

Tel #: (035) 225 2376 / 541 1117

Email Address: [email protected]
Website: lrmds.depednodis.net