Ksp and Solubility

Classwork/Homework/Free Response

Introduction to Solubility Equilibria

Classwork

1. Write the chemical reaction and the Ksp expression for the equilibrium that exists in a
saturated solution of silver iodide.

2. Given the following table of Ksp values, determine which compound listed has the
greatest solubility.

Compound Ksp

CdCO3 5.2 x 10−12

Cd(OH)2 2.5 x 10−14
AgI 8.3 x 10−17
Fe(OH)3 4.0 x 10−38
ZnCO3 1.4 x 10−11

3. The solubility of iron (II) hydroxide, Fe(OH)2, is 1.43 x 10−3 gram per liter at 25 °C.

a. Write a balanced equation for the solubility equilibrium.

b. Write the expression for the solubility product constant.

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Introduction to Solubility Equilibria
Homework

4. Given the reaction at equilibrium: Zn(OH) ↔ Zn2+ + 2 OH. What is the expression for
the solubility product constant, Ksp, for this reaction?

5. Determine the expression for the solubility product of Ca3(PO4)2.

6. Which of the following compounds is the least soluble?

Compound Ksp

MnCO3 1.8 x 10−11

CuS 6.3 x 10−36
CdS 8.0 x 10−27
PbS 8.0 x 10−28

Calculating Ksp from Solubility

Classwork

7. The solubility of silver chloride is 1.34 x 10−5 at 25 °C. At this temperature, what is the
Ksp of AgCl?

8. The solubility of lead (II) chloride is 1.6 x 10−2 at 25 °C. At this temperature, what is
the Ksp of PbCl2?

9. The solubility of silver sulfate is 2.2 x 10−5. What is the Ksp of silver sulfate?

10. The [F−] in a saturated solution of BaF2 is 1.5 x 10−2 M. What is the Ksp of BaF2?

Calculating Ksp from Solubility

Homework

11. The solubility of CaSO4 in water is 0.67 g/L. Calculate the Ksp.

12. Calculate the Ksp of silver chromate if the solubility is 0.15 grams/L.

13. Calculate the Ksp of lithium carbonate if the solubility is 0.15 mol/L.

14. What is the solubility product for AuCl3 if the molar solubility in a saturated solution is
3.3 x 10−7?

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Calculating Solubility from Ksp
Classwork

15. What is the solubility, in mol/L, of AgBr if the Ksp = 5.0 x 10−13?

16. Calculate the molar solubility of a saturated solution of lead (II) iodide if

Ksp = 1.4 x 10−8.

17. Calculate the molar solubility of a saturated solution of silver sulfide if

Ksp = 6 x 10−51.

18. Calculate the molar solubility of a saturated solution of aluminum chloride if the
solubility product constant of AlCl3 is 27 x 10−64.

19. The Ksp of CuCN is 3.2 x 10−20. What is the molar solubility of CuCN?

Calculating Solubility from Ksp

Homework

20. What is the solubility, in mol/L, of BaCO3 if the Ksp = 5.0 x 10−9?

21. Calculate the molar solubility of a saturated solution of silver carbonate if

Ksp = 8.1 x 10−12.

22. Calculate the molar solubility of a saturated solution of zinc hydroxide if the solubility
product constant is 3.0 x 10−16.

23. Calculate the molar solubility of a saturated solution of lanthanum fluoride if

Ksp = 2 x 10−19.

24. The Ksp of ZnS is 2.0 x 10−25. What is the molar solubility of ZnS in 0.10 M K2S?

Factors Affecting Solubility

Classwork

25. Calculate the maximum concentration, in M, of chloride ions in a solution that

contains 0.100 M of Pb2+. At 323 K the Ksp of PbCl2 is 1.0 x10−4.

26. What is the solubility of PbCl2 in a 0.15 M solution of HCl? The Ksp of PbCl2 at 25 °C
is 1.6 x10−5.

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27. What is the solubility of Cu(OH)2 in a solution buffered at pH = 9.5? The Ksp of
Cu(OH)2 at 25oC is 4.8 x10−20.

28. Calculate the maximum concentration of silver ions in a solution that contains 0.025
M of CO3−2. The Ksp of Ag2CO3 is 8.1 x10−12.

Factors Affecting Solubility

Homework

29. A solution contains 0.010 M Ba2+ and 0.010 M Sr2+. If sodium sulfate, Na2SO4 is
slowly added, what [SO42−] will cause the first precipitate?

Ksp= 1.1 x 10−10 for BaSO4; Ksp= 3.2 x 10−7 for SrSO4

30. What is the solubility of Ni(OH)2 in a solution buffered at pH = 10.0? The Ksp of
Ni(OH)2 at 25oC is 6.0 x10−16.

31. What is the solubility of Ni(OH)2 in a solution buffered at pH = 11.5? The Ksp of
Ni(OH)2 at 25oC is 6.0 x10−16.

32. What is the solubility of Cu(OH)2 in a solution buffered at pH = 12.2? The Ksp of
Cu(OH)2 at 25oC is 4.8 x10−20.

Selective Precipitation

Classwork

33. Will a silver iodate precipitate form when 100 ml of 0.010 M AgNO3 is mixed with
10.0 ml of 0.015 M NaIO3? Why or why not?

Ksp of AgIO3 is 3.1 x 10−8.

34. What is the formula of the precipitate formed when 0.1 M aqueous solutions of silver
nitrate and potassium phosphate are mixed?

35. A solution contains 0.0250 M Ca2+ and 1.5 x 10−3 M Fe2+. If potassium hydroxide,
KOH is added, what [OH−] will cause the first precipitate?

Ksp= 6.5 x 10−6 for Ca(OH)2; Ksp= 7.9 x 10−16 for Fe(OH)2

How much of the first ion will be present when the second ion begins to
precipitate?

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Selective Precipitation
Homework

36. Will a silver sulfate precipitate form when 50.0 ml of 0.050 M AgNO3 is mixed with
75.0 ml of 0.0050 M Na2SO4? Why or why not?

Ksp of Ag2SO4 is 1.5 x 10−5

37. Will a precipitate form when 0.96g (NH4)2CO3 is mixed with 0.20 g CaBr2 in 10 L of
solution? Why or why not?

Ksp= 4.5 x 10−9 for CaCO3

38. A solution contains 0.010 M Ba2+ and 0.010 M Sr2+. If sodium sulfate, Na2SO4 is
slowly added, what [SO42−] will cause the first precipitate?

Ksp= 1.1 x 10−10 for BaSO4; Ksp= 3.2 x 10−7 for SrSO4

How much of the first ion will be present when the second ion begins to
precipitate?

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Ksp and Solubility

Free Response

1. Several reactions are carried out using AgBr, a cream-colored silver salt for which the
value of the solubility product constant, Ksp, is 5.0 × 10−13 at 298 K.

a. Write the expression for the solubility-product constant, Ksp, of AgBr.

b. Calculate the value of [Ag+] in 50.0 ml of a saturated solution of AgBr at 298 K.

c. A 50.0 ml sample of distilled water is added to the solution described in part (b),
which is in a beaker with some solid AgBr at the bottom. The solution is stirred,
and equilibrium is reestablished. Some solid AgBr remains in the beaker. Is
the value of [Ag+] greater than, less than, or equal to the value you calculated
in part (b)? Justify your answer.

d. Calculate the minimum volume of distilled water, in liters, necessary to

completely dissolve a 5.0 g sample of AgBr(s) at 298 K. (The molar mass of
AgBr is 188 g mol−1)

e. A student mixes 10.0 ml of 1.5 × 10−4 M AgNO3 with 2.0 ml of 5.0 × 10−4 M NaBr
and stirs the resulting mixture. What will the student observe? Justify your
answer with calculations.

f. The color of another salt of silver, AgI(s), is yellow. A student adds a solution of
NaI to a test tube containing a small amount of solid, cream-colored AgBr.
After stirring the contents of the test tube, the student observes that the solid in
the test tube changes color from cream to yellow. Which salt has the greater
value of Ksp: AgBr or AgI? Justify your answer.

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2. Ag2CrO4 à 2 Ag+ (aq) + CrO42−(aq) Ksp = 2.6 x10−12

a. Calculate the concentration in mol/L of Ag+ (aq) in a saturated solution of

Ag2CrO4 at 25 °C.

b. Calculate the maximum mass in grams of Ag2CrO4 that can dissolve in 100 ml of
water at 25 °C

c. A 0.100 mol sample of solid Ag NO3 is added to a 1.00 L saturated solution of

Ag2CrO4. Assuming no volume change, does [CrO42−] increase, decrease or
remain the same? Justify your answer.

In a saturated solution of Ag3PO4 at 250C, the concentration of Ag(aq) is

5.3 x10−5 M. The equilibrium constant expression for the dissolving of Ag3PO4 (s)
in water is below. Ksp = [Ag+]3 [PO43−]

d. Write the balanced equation for the dissociation of Ag3PO4 in water.

e. Calculate the value of Ksp for Ag3PO4 at 25˚C

f. A 1 L sample of saturated Ag3PO4 solution is allowed to evaporate at 25˚C to a

final volume of 500 ml. What is [Ag+] in the solution? Justify your answer.

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Ksp and Solubility
Classwork/Homework/Free Response

Answer Key

Introduction to Solubility Equilibria

Classwork

1. Agl(s) ↔ Ag+(aq) + I−(aq) and Ksp = [Ag+][ I−]

2. Cd(OH)2

3. iron (II) hydroxide

a. Fe(OH)2(s) ↔ Fe2+(aq) + 2 OH−(aq)

b. Ksp = [Fe2+][OH−]2

Introduction to Solubility Equilibria

Homework

4. Ksp = [Zn2+ ][OH−]2

5. Ksp= [Ca2+]3 [PO4-3]2

6. CdS

Calculating Ksp from Solubility

Classwork

7. 1.8 x 10 −10

8. 1.6 x 10−5

9. 4.3 x 10−14

10. 1.7 x 10−6

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Calculating Ksp from Solubility
Homework

11. 2.4 x 10−5

12. 3.7 x 10 −10

13. 1.35 x 10−2

14. 3.2 x 10 −25

Calculating Solubility from Ksp

Classwork

15. 7.1 x 10 −7 mol/L

16. 1.5 x 10−3 mol/L

17. 1.1 x 10 −17 mol/L

18. 1 x 10 −16 mol/L

19. 1.8 x 10−10 mol/L

Calculating Solubility from Ksp

Homework

20. 7.1 x 10 −5 mol/L

21. 1.3 x 10−4 mol/L

22. 4.2 x 10−6 mol/L

23. 9.3 x 10−6 mol/L

24. 2.0 x 10−24 mol/L

Factors Affecting Solubility

Classwork

25. 0.032

26. 7.1 x 10−4

AP Chemistry PROGRESSIVE SCIENCE INITIATIVEÒ (PSIÒ) Ksp & Solubility

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27. 4.8 x 10−11

28. 1.8 x 10−5

Factors Affecting Solubility

Homework

29. 1.1 x 10−8 M SO42− will cause BaSO4 to precipitate first

30. 6.0 x 10−8

31. 5.9 x 10−11

32. 1.9 x 10−16

Selective Precipitation
Classwork

33. Since Q > K, then there will be a precipitate of Ag(IO3)

34. Ag3PO4

35. 7.3 x 10−7 M OH− will cause Fe(OH)2 to precipitate first

[Fe2+] = 3.1 x 10−6 mol/L

Selective Precipitation
Homework

36. Since K > Q, then there will not be a precipitate of Ag2SO4

37. Since Q > K, then there will be a precipitate of CaCO3

38. 1.1 x 10−8 M SO42− will cause BaSO4 to precipitate first

[Ba2+] = 3.4 x 10−6 mol/L

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Ksp and Solubility

Free Response Questions

Answer Key

1. AgBr

a. Ksp = 5.0 x 10−13 = [Ag+][Br−]

b. 7.1 x 10−7 M (saturated)

c. Adding distilled water to a solution with solid, if it is already saturated, will not
change the concentration. It will remain the same. The value of [Ag+] after
addition of distilled water is equal to the value in part (b). The concentration of
ions in solution in equilibrium with a solid does not depend on the volume of the
solution.

d. 3.8 x 104 L

e. Q > Ksp so precipitation should occur

f. The solubility of AgBr is greater than the solubility of AgI. In the presence of Br−
and I− ions, the less soluble AgI got precipitated.

2. Ag2CrO4

a. 1.7 x10−4

b. 0.0029g/L

c. When more Ag+ ions are added, the equilibrium will shift to the left producing
solid Ag2CrO4 . Therefore [CrO42−] will decrease.

d. Ag3PO4 ↔ 3 Ag+ + (PO4)3−

e. 2.6 x 10−18

f. The [Ag+] will remain the same if the solution is saturated. It is independent of the
volume of the saturated solution.

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