Chapter 6 Present Perfect Tense

Present Perfect Tense

The present perfect is a verb tense which is used to show that an action has taken place once or many
times before now. The present perfect is most frequently used to talk about experiences or changes that
have taken place, but there are other less common uses as well.
We use the present perfect to say that an action happened at an unspecified time before now. The exact
time is not important. You CANNOT use the present perfect with specific time expressions such as:
yesterday, one year ago, last week, when I was a child, when I lived in Japan, at that moment, that day,
one day, etc. We CAN use the present perfect with unspecific expressions such as: ever, never,
this month, this week, today, just etc.

1. Unfinished Actions
We use this tense when we want to talk about unfinished actions or states or habits that started in the
past and continue to the present. Usually we use it to say 'how long' and we need 'since' or 'for'.

For (selama) :
 Talk about a period or duration of time
 We use 'for' with a period of time (2 hours, three years, six months).
Examples:
He has lived in Paris for a long time.
We’re going to New York for the weekend.
Since (sejak)
 Refer to a specific point in time
 We use 'since' with a fixed time in the past (2004, April 23rd, last year). The fixed time can be another
action, which is in the past simple (since I was at school, since I arrived).
Examples:
I have lived here since 2010.
I have been walking since 5 p.m.
2. Finished Actions
Life experience. These are actions or events that happened sometime during a person's life. We don’t
say when the experience happened, and the person needs to be alive now. We often use the words
'ever' and 'never' here.
Ever (pernah) /Never (tidak pernah)

 Express the idea of an unidentified time before now
 Always placed before the main verb (past participle)
Examples:
 He has never been abroad.
 Have you ever been to Europe?
 I have been to Tokyo.
 They have visited Paris three times.
1
 We have never seen that film.
3: With an unfinished time word (this month, this week, today). The period of time is still
continuing.
 I haven't seen her this month.

 She's drunk three cups of coffee today.
 I've already moved house twice this year!
4: A finished action with a result in the present (focus on result).

We often use the present perfect to talk about something that happened in the recent past, but that is still
true or important now. Sometimes we can use the past simple here, especially in US English.
 I've lost my keys (so I can't get into my house).

 She's hurt her leg (so she can't play tennis today).
 They've missed the bus (so they will be late).
5: We can also use the present perfect to talk about something that happened recently, even if
there isn't a clear result in the present. This is common when we want to introduce news and we
often use the words 'just / yet / already / recently'. However, the past simple is also correct in these
cases, especially in US English.
Just (baru saja)

 Refer to events that recently occurred
Examples:
Are you hungry? – No, I’ve just had dinner.
Is Tom here? – No, I’m afraid he’s just gone out.
Already (sudah)
 An action that has happened at an unspecified time before now. It suggests that there is no need for
repetition
 Can be placed before the main verb (past participle) or at the end of the sentence
Examples:
What time does the film start? – It has already started.
What time does the film start? – It has started already.
Yet (belum)
 Refer to events that have occurred up to now
Examples:
He hasn’t arrived yet.
Have you eaten the apples yet?
2
1. Kalimat Positif
Subject + have / has + Past participle (verb 3)
Example : She has worked in the hospital for six years
I have fixed my computer
2. Kalimat Negatif
S + have / has + not + Past participle (verb 3)
Example : She hasn’t worked in the hospital for six years.
I have not fixed my computer .
3. Kalimat Tanya
Have / has + S + Past participle (verb 3)
Example : Has she worked in the hospital for six years?
Have I fixed my computer?
Kalimat Nominal
Catatan : Untuk kata ganti orang ketiga seperti (I, you, We, They) maka kita menggunakan Have. Namun
untuk kata ganti orang ketiga seperti (She, He) maka kita menggunakan Has.
Rumus Present Perfect untuk kalimat positif, negatif, dan kalimat tanya.
1. Kalimat Positif
S + has / have + been + noun/adjective
 Contoh : I have been to France.
2. Kalimat Negatif
S + has / have + not + been + noun/adjective
 Contoh: I have been to France.
3. Kalimat Tanya
has / have + S + been + noun/adjective
Contoh : Has Brandon been recovery from illness?
Have we been back from office?

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Present Perfect Tense

Ever (pernah) /Never (tidak pernah)

 I haven't seen her this month.

4: A finished action with a result in the present (focus on result).

 I've lost my keys (so I can't get into my house).

Just (baru saja)

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