Ms Anh Day Sat 5 Practice Tests For Digital Sat

What experts say about this book!

The quest ions in Practice Tests For The Digital SAT are very close to the ac tual test.

- Vaibhav Sharma SAT Math Coach

I would recommend high school an d public libraries to consider purchasing this book for
their patrons.
- Kelley Wilson , School Librar y Media Specialist, Brandywin e High School
Because of the breadt h, depth, and organ ization , I would recommend this book to stud ents
and teachers.
- Motz Maria, Purc hasing Dept School Board Sarasota County

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~r
VIBRANT
P UBL I SHE R S
TEST PREP SERIES
PRACTICE TESTS
FOR THE
Digital SAT ®
2023
5 full -length tests
Module-wise tests as per

the Digital SAT. format
Questions according to the

Digital SAT" guidelines
Detailed answer
explanations with distractor
explanations
SAT• is a trademark registered by the College Board, which is

not affiliated with, and does not endorse, this product.
Practice Tests For The Digital SAT.
IC> 2023, By Vibrant Publishers , USA. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in
any form or by any means.. or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the prior permission of the publisher .
Paperback ISBN 10 : 1-63651- 157-0

Paperback ISBN 13 : 978- 1-63651- 157-3
Library of Congress Control Number : 2022951781
This publication is designed to provide accurate and authoritative information in regard to the subject matter covered
The author has made every effort in the preparation of this book to ensure the accuracy of the information. However.
information in this book is sold without \\'3.rranty either expressed or implied The Author or the Publisher will not be
liable for any damages caused or alleged to be caused either directly or indirectly by this book.
Vibrant Publishers books are available at special quantity discount for sales promotions.. or for use in corporate training
programs. For more information please ·write to [email protected] ,om
PJease email feedback/corrections (technical, grammatical or spelling) to s-pelle.rrors @vibrantpub lishe.rs.com
To access the complete cataJogue of Vibrant Publishers.. visit www.vibrantpublishe.rs.com
SAT is a trademark registered by the College Board, whjch is not affiliated with, and does not endorse , this produ ct.
Table of Contents
Chapter 1 About the Digital SAT 1
Chapter 2 PracticeTest 1 13
Reading and Writing Module 1 14
Math Module 1 40
Math Module 2 48
Answer Key 56
Answers to Test #1 57
Chapter 3 PracticeTest 2 87
Math Module 1 116
Math Module 2 124
Answer Key 132
Chapter 4 Practice Test 3 161

Math Module 1 190
Math Module 2 198
Answer Key 206
Reading and WritingModule 1 240
Math Module 1 270
Math Module 2 278
Answer Key 286

Math Module 1 348
Math Module 2 356
Answer Key 364
Dear Student)
Thank you for purchasing Practice Tests for the Digital SA'r. We are committed to publishing books that are
content - rich ) concise and approachable enabling more students to read and make the fullest use of th em. We hope
this book provides th e most enriching learning expe rience as you pre pare for your SAT exam . Should you have any
questions or suggestions . feel free to email us at reachu s,@vibrantpublishe .rs.com . Thanks again for your purchase .
Good luck for your Digital SAT!
- Vibran t Publishers Team
ACT/SAT
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for the ACT For ACT Essay Writing:
ISBN: 978-1-63651-085-9 With 15 Sample Prompts
ISBN: 978-1-63651-125-2
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Digital SAT Math Digital SAT Reading and
Practice Questions Writing Practice Questions
ISBN: 978-1-63651-159-7 ISBN: 978-1-63651-158-0
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How To Get The Most Out Of This Book
Having no useful information about how to successfully take the Digital SAT test can make it look like a difficult
thing . However, this practice test book is specifically designed to give you a thorough practice of the new SAT. By
attempting the practice tests in this book you "'II become confident to face the real test.
This book includes 5 f11Jl-let1gtil Digital SAT tests ¾1th a total of 490 practice questions for your continuous
practice. The practice tests in this book follow the modular format for the Reading and Writing and Math sections .
Each question has the most appropriateanswer explanationand distractorexplanation.This is to ensure that you
understand the reasoning behind each correct (or incorrect) answer and train your mind to logically answer the
questions .
First, read the About The Digital SAT chapter in order to fully understand how the test is planned and administered
before diving in to give the tests. As the College Board transitions from administering paper -and-pencil SAT tests
to digital SAT Suite tests, you need to be aware of all the appropriate information that can increase your chance of
passing the test with a high score.
After reading through the information, consider taking one of the complete practice tests first In the first test, give
yourself as much time as you need rather than trying to finish within the allotted SAT time limit. However. write
down how long each section and module takes to solve, so you can determine how to budget your time. Then,
compare your answerswith the correctanswers given in the 'Answer Key' section of each test. Understandwhat went
wrong by referringto the detailed solutions given in the 'Answer& Explanations'section. Look over the categoriesof
questions that you consistently had difficulties·with or consistently made errors on. This will help you determine your
strengths and weaknesses and the areas you need to focus on.
Identify and practice the question types that you found difficult. Familiarize yourself with thei r pattern. Often refer
to the 'How to Use This Book' section for tips on how to solve the problem associated with each section and which
resources to use for getting a thorough and focused practice. You can also get ample practice of Reading and Writing
and Math questions from Digital SAT Reading and Writing Practice Questions and Digital SAT Matlr Practice
Questions.
After completing your practice) try another complete practicetest. This time, have your timer at hand and take breaks
only at the intervalsgiven in the real test. This more realistic testing experience will also show you how well you can
concentratefor extended periods. After you complete the second practice test, check your answersand compare them
with the answersgiven in the 'Answer Key' section after each test and look for patterns in the questions you missed
Are they the same style as before) or do you have different weaknesses?Try revie·wing these weaknesses before taking
the next complete practicetest.
Create a study schedule and stick with it. Attempt to take a practice test every week for 6 weeks. This will help you
become well•versed ·with the format of the SAT and also increase your confidence.
Continue alternating review of specific question types with complete practice tests throughout your preparation
period . Do not worry if you miss a day on your study plan; just revise your schedule as needed so you can complete
every practice test in this book. When the day arrives for your actual SAT, you will be comfortable with the new
pattern of the test and will be ready to solve any style of question that might be on it, whether it is related to language
or mathematics. You can be confident of getting your best possible score!
More so, practice test questions and their corresponding answers will expose you to the format and structure of real
digital SAT. Do not read this book like a textbook; rather, use it as a companion to guide you in understanding every
aspect of the digital SAT suite tests.
Good luck on your SAT jo urney!

Chapter 1
About the Digital SAT®

Introduction
Now that you have made the important decision to head to college/university. there is one last thing you need to
do to achieve your goal- taking the SAT (Standardized Aptitude Test). Most universities or colleges, including the
IVY league schools such as Yale, Harvard, and others expect you to have a good SAT score to secure admission in any
course of your choke.
But, there is a majo r change in how stude nts ¾ill give the SAT. The College Board has decided to transition the
famous pencil -and -paper test into a fully digital one. The College Board's decision to go digital is based on giving a
fair testing experience to students. The digital test will be easier to take, easier to administer,will be more secure, and
more relevant.
For giving the new test. you need to be aware of the format of the test, the time that ·will be given to you to answer
each question) the possible complexity of the questions, and the scoring method employed to assess your performance
in the test. In this chapter, you "111 discover important information all that including the SAT policy of inclusive
accessibility, the newly introduced Multistage Adaptive Testing feature, the modular format of the test, and much
more.
The College Board has also streamlined the method of delivery of the digital SAT. With the latest test delivery
platform for the digital SAT Suite assessments, students can have access to all their tests and their content, as well
as enjoy the chance of practicing with the full-length , adaptive practice test offered for free on the platform so that
students can be aware of their knowledge levels before taking the real tests. More so, every question on the digital SAT
Suite is in a discrete (standalone) format. This indicates that test takers can answer each question independently. They
don't necessarily need to refer to a common stimulus such as an extended pas.sage.
If you are attempting the SAT for the first time, it could be scary not knowing exactly what to expect in the test.
This is why this book is specifically designed to expose you to everything you need to know about successfully taking
the Digital SAT Suite test.
Customized Test DeliveryPlatfonn

The College Board sets up a customized test delivery platform for the Digital SAT Suite assessments. This platform
is designed according to the principles of UDA (Universa l Design for Assessment) and the main goal of it is to make
the testing experience accessible to maximum number of students. The most useful features of this platformare that:
(i) all test takers can have complete access to the tests and their content; (ii) students will be able to take full-length ,
adaptive practice tests for free on the platform so that they can assess their knowledge levels or have an understanding
of similar test materialsbefore attempting the real tests.
MultistageAdaptiveTesting
The College Board is changing from a linear testing mode , which has been the primary mode of SAT
administration to an adaptive mode.
The main difference behveen the linear and adaptive testing modes is that for the linear testing mode, students are
given a test form that contains some questions that have already been set before the test day and do not change during
testing, irrespectiveof the student's performance.
On the other hand, the adaptive testing model makes it possible for the test delivery platform to adjust the
questions' difficulty level based on the performance of the individual test takers. Therefore, each student will be given
test questions that match their level of under standing.
PracticeTestsfor the DigitalSAT 2

This adaptive test mode used for the Digital SAT Suite is known as Multistage Adaptive Testi n g (MST). The MST
is administered in 2 stages, and each stage comprises a module or set of questions. The first module consists of test
questions with different ranges of difficulty levels (easy, medium , and hard) . The performance of the test takers in the
first module is appropriately assessed , and the results are used to dete rm ine the level of difficulty of questions to be
administered to them in the second module.
The set of an administered first •stage module and its second •stage module are referred to as a pa11el.
Module 1 Module 2
A mix of easy, Mix of questions
medium ,and varying in difficulty
hard questions based on the
performance in the
first module
EmbeddedPretesting
The digital SAT Suite also includes embedded pretesting in its design. What this means is that a small number
of pretest (unsco red) questions are incorporated among the operational (scored) questions. Even though they are
not administered for a score, students may not be able to distinguish these pretest questions from the operational
questions on which thei r scores are based. It is advisab le that students pay maximum attention and effort to these
questions , which can be used in estimating their understanding levels to the difficulty of the questions . The number of
pretest questions is few so you wilJ not be asked to focus mainly on questions that won't be used to estimate your final
SAT score. It is important to note that answers to pretest questions won't contribute to your final score. The pretest
questions are mainly used to gather students' pe rform ance information so that it can be utilized later to assess if these
questions are appropriate for operational use later.
DiscreteQuestions
One interesting aspect of the Digital SAT is that all their questions are in discreet format; that is they are
standalone. You can answer each question on its own, which doesn't necessarily require any reference to a common
stim ulus such as an extended passage. This is one of the striking differences between the paper -and -pencil SAT and
the Digital SAT in the sense that the former uses both disc rete and question sets. In practice ) the question sets expect
you to reference a common stimulus.
Scoring
Studen ts will obtain a section score based on their final performance on the Re,iding and Writing and Math
section. For the SAT, students can get a score between 400 - 1600. Hence , for each of the tests of the Digital SAT, there
will be 3 scores reported: ( 1) A Reading and Writing section score; (2) A Math section score; (3) A total score, which
is the sum of the two section scores . It is important to note that the scales for these scores have the same ranges as for
the paper -based SAT Suite. This indicates that the digital SAT total score is on the familiar 400- 1600 scale.
Readingand Writing Math Total Score
Between 200-800 Between 200 -800 Between 400- 1600
www.vibrantpublishers.rom 3
Overall Test Specifications
The Digital SAT is made up of two sections: A Reading and Writing (RW) section and a Math section. In the
linear model , the test has sepa rate sections for Reading and Writing . However, in th e Digital SAT, both the Reading
and Writing tests are combined in one section. The questions in these two sections concent rate primar ily on the skills
and knowledge that students need to use in college and/or for getting ready for their careers. The main parts of the
digital SAT tests are similar to th ose of the paper -and -pencil SAT test assessments . More so, all the testing programs
within the digital SAT Suite, whethe r it is the SAT, PSAT 10, PSAT 8/9, or PSAT/ NMSQT have simila r designs .
Although , these tests allow for differences in test takers' ages and levels of unde rstanding.
Digital SAT Su ite: Overall Test Specifications
Characterist ic Reading and Writing sect io n Math section
Administration Tv.'O•stage adaptive design ; this Two •stage adaptive design; this
section contains two separate ly section contains two separately
timed modules timed modules
Number of questions 54 questions ; 25 q uestions in each 44 q uestions; 20 questions in each

module with 2 pretest ques module with 2 pretest ques
Time 64 minutes 70 minutes
Time per q uestion 1.19 minutes 1.59 minutes
Time per module 32 minutes 35 minutes
Content domains Inform ation and Ideas, Craft and Algebra , Advanced Math , Problem -
Structure, E.~pression of Ideas, Solving and Data Analysis,
Standard English Conventions Geomet ry and Trigonometry
Test Length
There are a total of 54 questions for the Reading and Writing section . These 54 questions are divided into hvo
equal -length modules ; that is, one for each of the section's two stages. Out of th e 27 questions for each module , 25
questio ns are operatio nal- which means that test takers' performance on them is used to calculate their section
score, and 2 quest ions are pretests .
For the Math section , th e first module has 20 operational questions and 2 pretest q uestions . Then th e second
module consists of 20 operational questions and 2 pretest questions. ln total. the Math section will comprise 44
questions.
You will have 32 minutes to complete each module of the Reading and Writing section and 35 minutes
to complete each module of the Math section . Once the time for th e first module has expired, test take rs are
automatically advanced to th e second module. The second module may contain q uestions that are of higher or lower
difficulty, depending on your performance in the first module . You will not have the oppo rtuni ty to return to the first -
module questions.

Total Number of Questions
The Reading and Writing section consists of 54 questions (4 of which are pretest), while the Math section consists
of 44 questions (4 of which are, again , pretest questions)
Total Time Allotted

You will have 64 minutes to complete the Reading and Writing section and 70 minutes to complete the Math
section.
Average nme Per Question

You will, on average, have 1.19 minutes to answer each Readingand Writingquestion and 1.59 minutes to answer
each Math question.
QuestionFormat(s)used
The Reading and Writing section mostly utilizes four•option multiple•choice questions, and each question has
a single best answer (which is referred to as the keyed response or key). Roughly 75 percent of questions in the
Math section also adopt the same four•option multiple•choice format, while the remaining part of the test utilizes
the student -produced response (SPR) format. This means that students will be requ ired to answer the latter type of
questions by giving their own responses and putting their responses in the field next to the question. These questions
measure your ability to be able to solve math problems by yourself. It is possible for the SPR questions to have more
than one correct response; however, you are requiredto provide only one answer.
It is assumed that the complexity test takers can read is directly related to how ready they are for college and their
careers. Therefore , the idea of text complexity is strictly considered when designing and developing the digital SAT
Suite. The texts in the Reading and Writing section are given three complexity bands (grades 6- 8, grades 9 - 11, and
grades 12- 14).
Texts for grades 12-14 have the highest complexity, followed by the texts for grades 9- 11, while grades 6-8 have
texts with the lowest complexity. While it is possible to use the same texts for g rades 12- 14 and grades 9 -11, those
difficult texts cannot be used for grades 6-8 because they don't appropriately assess the literacy knowledge and skills of
students in eighth and ninth grades.
On the other hand, text complexity is not an issue in the Math section, bec.auseit is not formally measured. It is
estimated that about 70 percent of Math questions don't necessarily have a context. You are only required to use the
information/data provided to solve some questions that may be related to science, social studies, history, etc.
What is Changing
The College Board continues to maintain fairness and high quality in its administration of SAT Suite, and some
aspects of its operations are changing . These changes include:
• Transitioning to digital testing by 2023 or 2024 latest. Once the transition is completed, students can no
longer take the paper -and -pencil SAT tests.
• The digital SAT Suite tests are particularly shorter than their paper -and -pencil predecessors - it can be taken
in 2 hours 14 minutes instead of 3 hours.
• Test takers now have more time on their hands to answer e.ach question.
• It is now possible for you to receive scores in days instead of weeks. faster than the predecessor paper •and •
pencil SAT.
• The SAT Suite now connects students to opportunities based on their scores. They can be connected to
information and resources concerning local 2•year colleges, career options, and workforce training programs .
• States, schools , and districts will be given more flexibility concerning when they could give the SAT Suite
tests.
• The digital SAT will now have a single Reading and Writing section instead of separate Reading and Writing
and Language sections . More importantly. the Reading and Writing section's passages are significantly shorter
and more diverse.
• A single (discrete) question is associated with each passage (or passage pair) instead of having several
questions associated with a small number of longer passages , as it is for the paper •and•pencil SAT Suite tests.
• You can now use calculators throughout the Math section .
What is Staying the Same

Despite the above •mentioned changes, some aspects of the SAT Suite tests are remaining the same, such as:
• The Digital SAT will still measure skills and knowledge that you are learning in school that can be used in
college and/or your future career .
• The test will be scored on the same scales as the paper •and •pencil test.
• The test ·will be administered in schools and test centers with a proctor .
• You will still be connected to scholarships and the College Board National Recognition Programs.
• Support will be given to all students who need accommodations and /or support to access the tests and their
content.
• The Reading/Writing passages will cover a wide range of academic disciplines and text complexities.
• The test ·will still have both multiple •choice and student •produced response question formats.

More Questions Answered about the Digital SAT
I. When will I be able to register for the digital SAT tests?
The first digital SAT administ rations at international test centers will star t in the fall 2023.
2. How will students take the digital SAT?

You can give the SAT on a laptop or tablet using a custom -built digital exam application that can be
downloaded in advance of the test day.
3. How will the Digital SAT be more secure?

At this moment . if one test form is comp romised. it can mean that the scores for all the students in that group
or at the same test centers will be canceled. However . going digital will make it possib le to give every student
a unique test form so that it won't be technically possible to share answers .
4. How will the College Board address test day issues and technic.al support challenges?
The College Board has dedicated customer service resources re.ady to troubleshoot issues on test day for
students and test centers. There is a technology coordinator for each test cente r to provide additional support
and technical help when needed .
5. What kinds of tools will be availab le for students taking the d igital SAT?
You can use the following tools while using the software:
• Flag questions to come back to them later
• A countdown clock to know when you are running out of time . You can decide to show or hide it at the
top of their testing screen
• A built -in g raphing calculator that you can use on the entire math section (or you can bring their own
calculators)
• A reference sheet, for each math question .
The Reading and Writing Section at a Glance
The tab le below summar izes the specifications of the types of questions and their distribution in the Reading and
\ Vriting sectio n.
Content Domain SkiWKnowledge Question distribution
Information and Ideas • Central Ideas and Details 12-14 questions (26%)
• Command of Evidence
• Textual and Quantitative
• Inferences
Craft and Structure • Words in Context 13-15 questions (28%)
• Text Structure and Purpose
• Cross •Text Connections
fapression of Ideas • Rhetorical Synthesis 8- 12 questions (20%)
• Transitions
Standard English Conventions • Boundaries 11-15 questions (26%)
• Form ) Structure, and Sense
Sample Questions
I. The te rm "A11t/1ropoce11e"introduced by Dutch scientist Paul Crutzen in the mid -l 970s, is often used in the
context of pollution caused by human activity since the commencement of the Agricultural Revolution, but also
pertains largely to all major human bearings on the environment.
Various start dates for the Anthropocene have been offered by scientists, ranging from the beginning of the
first Agricultural Revolution) also knovm as the NeolithicRevolution, to as recently as the 1960s. However, the
____ has not been completed, and hence , a formal, conclusive date remains to be finalized.
Which choice completes the text with the most logical and precise word or phrase'
A) Ratification
B) Investigation
C) Legality
D) Approval
Key: A
Level: Hard I Domain: CRAFT AND STRUCTURE
Skill/Knowledge: Words in Context
Key Explanation; Choke A is the correct option bee.a.use"'ratification "' refers to the action of signing or giving
formal consent to something, making it officially valid . This word is best suited to the context because the second

paragraph of the passage talks about how many scientists have offered dates, but a conclusive date has yet to be
finalized. The keywords to focus on are "formal , conclusive date" which points to which option (A) might be most
suitable in this context.
Distrac .tor Explanations: Choice B is incorrect bee.a.usethere is no evidence provided that an investigation may
have been initiated into the subject. Similarly, options C and D are incorrect because the passage does not talk
about any approval process or legalities that need to be completed for a date to be finalized
2. Brazil's Atlantic Rainforest is among the most biodiverse regions in the world. But despite its spectacular
diversity) __________ . To counter this , the Society for the Conservation of Birds in Brazil advocates
for birds in Brazil, their habitats , and biodiversity in general, and works towards sustainability in the use of
natural resources. Their work focuses on educating local people on the importance of birds . biodiversity . and
developing environmentally sustainable economic alternatives , along with good governance tools to empower
local communities and improve the quality oflife of local people .
What choice most logically completes the underlined space'

A) there are no more birds in the forest
B) the Society for the Conservation of Birds in Brazil cannot do much
C) the rainforest is under extreme thre.at from human development
D) there are a number of steps that one can take to preserve the Atlantic Rainforest
Key: C
Level: Medium I Domain: INFORMATION AND IDEAS
Skill/Knowledge: Command of Evidence (Textual)
Key Exp lana t ion: Choic<! C is the best answer because the first sentence talks about the diversity of the Atlantic
Rainforest , while the third sentence talks about what the Society for the Conservation of Birds in Brazil is
doing to counter said problem in the second sentence. They work by "'educating local people" and "'developing
environmentally sustainable economic alternatives ." Therefore . it may be inferred that the problem denoted in the
underlined portion of the text involves humans and economics . Hence . using the process of elimination. choice C
is the best answe r.
Distrac .tor Explanations: Choice A is incorrect because the text mentions "conservation of birds in Brazil;'
which means that birds may be endangered but not extinct. Choice B is incorrect bec.ause there is no information
provided that supports this statement. Choke D is incorrect because it does not fit in the context of the sentence .
The Math Section at a Glance
The t abl e below summari zes th e specificati ons of th e types of question s and th eir d istributi on in th e Math
section .
Content Domain SkiWKnowledge Questio n Distribution
Algebra • Linearequations in one variable 13· 15 questions (35%)
• Linearequations in two variables

• Linear functions
• Systems of t'wo linear equations in hvo
variables
• Linear inequalities in one or two variables
Advanced Math • Equivalent expressions 13- 15 questions (35%)
• Nonlinear equations in one variable and

systems of equations in two variables
• Nonlinear functions
Problem -Solving • Ratios, rates, proportional relationships. and 5-7 questions ( 15%}
and Data Analysis units
• Percentages
• One~variable data: distributions and measures
of center and spread
• Two ~variable data: models and scatterplots
• Probability and conditional probability
• Inference from sample statistics and margin

of error
• Evaluatingstatistical claims: observational

studies and experiments
Geometry and • Area and volume 5-7 questions ( 15%}

Trigonometry
• Lines, angles, and triangles
• Right triangles and trigonometry
• Circles

Sample Questions
I. The dog park charges $10 for a membership and $3 per hour for th e dog to run around in their park. Mindy
brings her dog to the park and spends less th an $40. Which of the following inequalities represents Mindy's
situation. where h is the number of hours at the park and C is the total amount Mindy paid?
A) 3h+ 10<40
B) 3C - 10 <40
C) 3h + 10 =40
D) 3h+l0>40
Key:A
Level: Easy I Domain: ALGEBRA
Skill/Knowledge: Linear inequalities in one or two variables I Testing Point: Create a linear inequality
Key Explanation: Choice A is correct. To determine the inequality that represents the situation, first ere.ate the
expression that is equal to the total amount that Mindy paid (C).
The total amount C is the sum of the membership fee (S 10) and the fee for having the dog in the park in h hours.
This yields C = 10 + 3/J or C = 3h + 10.
Since Mindy spent less than S40 in the dog park, then C < 40. Substituting the value of C in terms of h in the
inequality yields 3h + 10 < 40.
Therefore, the inequality 3/J + 10 < 40 is the correct answer.
Distrac.tor Explanation: Choice 8 is incorrect.This option is wrong because C is the total amount paid by Mindy
and not the rate per hour for the dog to run around the park. Choices C and Dare incorrect. Mindy spent less
than S40. Hence, the correct symbol to use is < not > or =.
2. Which expression is equivalent to 2x' + 3x + 1?
A) (2x + 1)(2x + 1)
B) (x + 2)(x + 1)
C) (x - 2)(x - 1)
D) (2x + l )(x + 1)
Key:D
Level: Easy I Domain: ADVANCED MATH
Skill/Knowledge: Equivalent Expressions I Testing Point: Factoring a quad ratic equation
Key Exp lanati on: Choice D is correct.

To find the equivalent expression, factor the given quadratic equation by splitting the middle term.
In 2x' + 3x + 1, a= 2, b =3 and c = l using the format ax'+ bx+ c.
Getting the product of a and c yields ac =(2)(1) =2
The factors of 2 whose sum is the value of b (where b =3) is 2 and I.
Hence) the equation can be written as 2xl + 2x + x + I .
Grouping the binomials in the equation yields (2x' + 2x) + (x + I).
Factoring 2x from the first group yields 2x(x +I ) + (x + I) .
Factoring x + I from the two groups yields (2x + l)(x + I).
Therefore. Choke D is the correct answer.
Distractor Explanation: Choic.es A, B, and Care incorrect and may result from a conceptual or calculation
error.

Chapter 2
Practice Test 1
You are about to begin a full-length Practice Test. The test has four modules. The time allotted for
each module is marked at the beginning of the module. Work on one module at a time . Use a timer to
keep track of the time limits for every module.
Try to take the Practice Test under real test conditions. Find a quiet place to work, and set aside
enough time to complete the test without being disturbed. At the end of the test, check your answers by
referring to the Answer Key and fill in your raw score in the scorecard below. Also, note down the time
taken by you for completing each module.
Pay particular attention to the questions that were answered incorrectly. Read the answer
explanations and understand how to solve them.
My Score Card {Raw Score)
Reading and Writing Math

Module 1 Module 2 Module 1 Module 2
Out ol 27 27 22 22
My Score
Time Taken
TEST BEGINS ON THE NEXT PAGE

Module
1
Reading and Writing Test

27 QUESTIONS I 32 MINUTES
The questions in this section address a number of impo rta nt reading and writing skills. Each
question include s one or more passages, which may include a table or graph. Read each
passage and question carefully, and then choose the best answer to the question based on
the passage(s). All questions in this section are multiple-choice with four answer choices.
Each question has a single best answer.
- Allowing goats to graze an area is one potential

solution for removing unwanted weeds in terrain
that is too rocky and remote to allow for cutting
- Anyone interested in a career in business needs
supe rior communications skills. Not only are they
essential to convey ideas to colleagues and explain
or herbicide spraying . Goats significantly reduce plans dearly to ensure that work is completed
the incidence of the unwanted plants , but must effectively in a timely manner . but also they are
be quickly removed to prevent them from eating needed to make proposals __ to clients and
everything else as well: goats lack __ . potential investors .
\•Vhich choice completes the text with the most Which choice completes the text with the most
logical and precise word or phrase? logical and precise word or phrase?
A) bias A) charismatic
BJ prejudice B) irresistible
C) discrimination C) attractive
D) bigotry D) fascinating
PracticeTestsfor the DigitalSAT 14 CONTINUE

Module
1
- Explaining the coexistence of various plant and

butterfly species is __ to truly understand
the region's biodiversity and the forces that
- By analyzing more than one million surface
ocean observations from the Drake Passage, the
researchersdetected subtle differences between
sustain or reduce it. Such an understanding the CO? trends in the surface ocean and the
will help ecologists devise an appropriate plan atmosphere that suggest a strengthening of the
that maximizes the limited funding available carbon sink that is most pronounced during
for conservation and that still allows for future winter. Although the researchers aren't sure of
development of the area. the exact mechanism driving these changes, it's
likely related to winter mixing with deep waters
Which choice completes the text with the most that have not had contact with the atmosphere for
logical and precise word or phrase? several hundred years. These results contrast with
previous findings that showed that the Southern
A) critical Ocean's CO1 sink had been stagnant or weakening
from the early 1990s to the early 2000s. "Given
B) perilous
the importance of the Southern Ocean to the
C) condemning global oceans' role in absorbing atmospheric
D) analytic• CO 1, these studies suggest that we must continue
to expand our measurements in this part of the
world despite the challenging environment,"says
..
Colm Sweeney, lead investigatoron the Drake
Passage study .
Which choke best states the main purpose of the

text?
The Hagia Sophia, built between 532 and 537 in
Istanbul under the orders of the Roman Emperor
A) To emphasize the difficulty of collecting
Justinian I, has been alternately used for different
accurate data from the Southern Ocean
religious purposes since that time. The cultural
and historical value of the building and its B) To illustrate the problems with amassing an
contents are_, as a wealth of splendid and adequate database on the Southern Ocean
unique details has been added over the centuries C) To place the results of the Drake Passage study
since its construction. in the wider context of other studies
Which choice completes the text with the most D) To highlight the need to correct the problem
logical and precise word or phrase? of CO 2 absorption before it is too late
A) congenial
B) incalculable
C) cumbersome
D) voluminous
www.vibrantpublishers.rom 15 CONTINUE
Module
1
- The following text is from Oscar Wilde's 1888

short story "The Selfish Giant."
- An antibody - based drug is one candidate for a
more effective, longer lasting overdose treatment.
To explore this possibility, a team at Scripps
Every afternoon, as they were coming from Research Institute led by Kim D. Janda first
school, the children used to go and play in the
treated mke with a vaccine that stimulated the
Giant'sgarden. It was a larse lovely garden,
animals to produce a sle1v of different antibodies
with soft green ern,ss Here and there over against fentanyl, some of which helped protect
the grass stood beautiful flowers like stars,
the mice from overdoses. In the new work.
and there were twelve peach- trees that in the the team recovered antibodies from the mice,
spring- time broke out into delicate blossoms purified them, and screened them for their
of pink and pearl, and in the autumn bore ability to bind fentanyl. The team evaluated six
rich fruit. The birds sat on the trees and sang
of these antibodies against nine fentanyl analogs
so sweetly that the children used to stop their
commonly confiscated by law enforcement. One
games in order to listen to them. antibody , 6A4, demonstrated the best fentanyl-
binding affinity and had a six- day half- life in
Which choice best states the function of the
mice.
underlined sentence in the text as a whole?
Which choice best explains why the author
A) It sets up the description of location presented most likely included the information that the
in the sentences that follow. drugs were "commonly confiscated by law
B) It establishes a sense of contrast with the enforcement"?
description in the previous sentence.
A) To explain how the researchers obtained
C) It elaborates on the previous sentence's
drugs for experimentation
description of the characters.
B) To indicate that the research would apply to
D) It introduces an ominous undercurrent to the
overdoses in authentic cases
sentences that follow.
C) To eliminate the argument that the trials were
improperly conducted
D) To establish why special permits were needed
to experiment ·with the drugs

Module
1
II
Text 1
The views of most individuals are limited to their own happiness;
and the workmen whom I beheld so busy in the arsenal of Venice
saw nothing but what was good in the labor for which they
received ... We must have the telescope of philosophy to make us
perceive distant ills; further , we know that there are individuals of
our species to whom the immediate misery of others is nothing in
comparison with their own advantage - for we know that in every
age there have been found men very willing to perform the office
of executioner.
Text2
. .. it is by no means a utopian undertaking to unite the whole
world of nations in such a federation ... Let men but understand
themselves, and the mechanism of their emotions by which they
are brought into this 9erennial catastrophe, and they will be re.ady
enough to take gigantic measures to prevent it.
Which statement made by the author of passage I would support

the underlined concluding argument made by the author of
passage 2?
A) "We must have the telescope of philosophy to perceive distant

ills:·
B) "The views of most individuals are limited to their own

happiness •
C) "there are individuals of our species to whom the immediate

misery of others is nothing in comparison with their own
advantage•
D) "in every age there have been found men very willing to
perform the office of executioner"
Module
1
- The following text is adapted from Herman

Melville's 1851 novel, Moby Dick; or Tl,e Whale.
-
The common solution of building more roads
may not have the desired effect of reducing
rush- hour traffic. For example, the Katy Freeway
Call me Ishmael.Some years ago- never
project in Houston cost millions of dollars and
mind how long precisely- having little or no the upshot was that congestion got worse, with
money in my purse)and nothing particular travel times increased by 55% during the evening
to interest me on shore, I thought I would
rush hour and by a third in the mornings. The
sail about a little and see the watery part of reason for that is something called "induced
the world. It is a way I have of driving off demand," a term introduced in the I 960s by
the spleen and regulating the circulation.
economists. It relates to the phenomenon that if
Whenever I find myself growing grim about
more of a good is produced) more is consumed
the mouth; whenever it is a damp. drizzly In the same way) if more roads are provided, more
November in my soul; whenever I find myself
people are encouraged to drive.
involuntarily bringing up the rear of every
funeral I meet- then, I account it high time According to the text. what is induced demand?
to get to sea as soon as I can. If they but knew
it. almost all men in their degree. some time A) An idea that contradicts a widespread belief
or other. cherish very nearly the same feelings that congestion is the result of road building
towards the ocean with me.
B) A phenomenon that is rarely taken into
\•Vhich choice best summarizes the text? account when road systems are being planned
C) A theory that is understood by city planners
A) A ship captain describes the reasons for and has affected their traditional solutions to
embarking on his career. trafficcongestion
B) A sailor reminisces about the impetus for D) A concept that can be mitigated by educating
setting out on a voyage. consumers about the potential effects
C) A merchant sailor develops an argument
about his poor salary.
D) An impoverished man explains how he
degenerated to his current condition.

Module
1
Ill 1B
Published in 1794 by Wtlliam Blake, "The Tyger" The following text is adapted from Mother Joness
is a classic poem from a larger colJection titled speech to coal miners picketing in Charlestown,
Songs of Experience. The poem uses the imagery West Virginia, on August 15, 1912.
of fire to delve into the question of who might
have createdsuch a dangerous creature: __ They wouldn 't keep their dog where they keep
you fellows. You know that. They have a good
Which quotation from "The Tyger" most place for their dogs and a slave to take care
effectively illustratesthe claim? of them. The mine owners' ·wives will take
the dogs up, and say, "I love you, dea - h." My
A) "In what distant deeps or skies, I Burnt the friends, the day for petting dogs is gone; the
fire of thine eyes?" day for raising children to a nobler manhood
and better womanhood is here! You have
B) "In what furnace was thy brain' /What the suffered; I know you have suffered. I was with
anvil' what dread grasp / Dare its deadly you nearly three years in this State. I went to
terrorsclasp?" jail I went to the federalcourts, but I never
C) "When the stars threw down their spears, / took any back water!
And water'd heaven with their tears, / Did he
smile his work to see? In the text, Mother Jones anticipates and
addresses which counterargument about her
D) "Did he who made the Lamb make thee'" c redibility?
A) She is not qualified to speak for the miners

because she is not a miner herself.
B) Her involvement could harm the miners'
cause because she had been in jail.
C) She does not have adequate contacts in the
government to enforce her demands.
D) She has been more caring of pets in the past
than she has of human workers.
Module
1
Ill
NaCl
Chili Peppers Exposed to Salt Stress
Average Average Average

-
A study led by Sarah Mann aimed to provide a
fuller picture of the vegan diet in which no animal
products are eaten, encompassing the health of
concen • days to days to number the vegan diet as well as related ethical beliefs
tration first flower first fruit of fruits by studying scientific and popular literature in
(mM) tandem. Furthermore, the study aimed to provide
0 23.66 48 6 an insider'sperspective of the vegan diet as a
means of combating stereotypes and making the
30 23.66 52 3
diet more relatable/ understandable to those who
60 31.66 66 2 are not vegan. The research was conducted in two
90 39.66 0 0 parts - literaturereview and interview study. The
120 40.33 0 0 interviews included questions targeting personal
history, related health beliefs, factors influencing
This study about salt in the soil of growing the decision to become vegan) and diet.
chili plants indicated that increasing NaCl
concentrations significantly delayed flowering and Based on the text, why did Mann include personal
fruit ripening and significantly reduced the fruits' interviews in her study?
number, size, fresh mass and vitamins B6, B12
and C concentrations, but increased capsaicinoid A) She assumed she would find a conflict
concentration and consequently the fruit's tangy between interviews and scientific studies.
flavor. For example, plants __ . Thus, salt B) She expected to resolve an outstanding debate
stress reduced the fruit yields and deteriorated about the health benefits of veganism.
fruit nutritional quality by reducing vitamin
C) She decided that most of the current literature
concentrations. Furtherstudy is necessary to
check the implication of capsaicinoid synthetase was biased against the subject of veganism.
activity in the increase of the c.apsaicinoid D) She hoped to better understand the viewpoint
concentration under salt stress in our local chili of people who opted to become vegan.
cultivar fruits.
Which choice most effectively uses data from the

table to complete the example'
A) subjected to high NaCl concentrations were

highest in capsaicinoid.
B) subjected to high NaCl concentrations had
lower nutritional value.
C) with a NaCl concentration of90 mM took 16
extra days to flower beyond ones with no salt
D) with a NaCl concentration of 30 mM averaged
52 chili fruits on the plant.

Module
1
- Scientists studying at a site called Hegra in

modern Jordan found the tomb of a woman
-
It is inevitable that a worldwide event such as
the Olympics has been canceled multiple times
called Hinat. Her name was identified in an since its introduction in 1896. One notable
inscription at the entrance which claims the tomb example is when London called __ the I 944
was bought by herself and belonging to her and Summer Olympics due to World War II, as were
her descendants . Archaeologists have found the the Winter Olympics scheduled to be held in
remainsof O\fer 80 people buried inside, though Cortina d'Ampezzo, Italy.
none of them are identified. The tomb also
contains many well- preserved artifacts that offer Which choice completes the text so that it
insight into the Nabataean culture that flourished conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
in the region about 2,000 years ago.
A) on
Based on the passage, what is most likely true
B) up
about Hinat?
C) off
A) She was a royal Nabataean personage. D) around
B) She had her own tomb because she never
married.
C) She is buried with many of her ancestors .
D) She was one of the 80 people buried in the

tomb.
-
Yuval Noah Harari is an Israelihistorian who
regularly discussed global issues with world
leaders. Considered of of the foremost thinkers
of his time, his current interest is delving into
difficult questions combining biology and history,
such as asking whether people __ happier
since the Stone Age to the present.
Which choice completes the text so that it

conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
A) become
B) are becoming
C) have become
D) will have become
Module
1
Ill 1111
Energy access and gender are deeply entwined Attending the cinema allows for the exercise of
components of the global development agenda. personal preferencesand the human need for
The transformative effect on women of access distinction. ln a nutshell. cinema attendance can
to affordable,reliable, and sustainable modern be a personally expressive experience, good __
energy __ well established by countless therapeutic at the same time.
researchstudies.
Which choice completes the text so that it conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
A) fun, and,
A) are
B) fun, and
B) were
C) fun; and
C) has been
D) fun - and
D) have been
Ill
In a 2022 paper written by Kyle Rupp and __
Many theories have been proposed for how life the researchers explore the complex mechanisms
originated on Earth) and attention has recently behind the automatic ability that most people
been directed towards hydrothermal vents, have to recognize features of the human voice,
__ occur deep undenvater where continental even to the point of distinguishing subtleties of
plates diverge. In 2019, scientists from University emotion and intention.
College London conducted an experiment
simulating the concentrated gasses and minerals Which choice completes the text so that it
and cre,ited protocells, or the building blocks for conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
living molecules.
A) associates
B) associates.
C) associates-
A) which D) associates:
B) they
C) that
D) these

Module
1
Ill Ill
Even ·within a single musical tradition) there may Social work can take a toll, but it is deeply
be fine distinctions based on the character and rewarding when you can see a positive change
color of the voice . __ a lyric soprano has a in someone else's life. There are many different
light , refined tone and a dramatic soprano has a career paths in social work.. __ there are some
powerful ) emotional tone. administrative roles , most all social workers deal
directly with clients . So regardless of the field you
Which choice completes the text so that it choose, you are most likely to interact ·with people
conforms to the conventions of Standard English' on a regular basis .
A) For example among operatic voices vl'hich choice completes the text with the most
logic.al transition?
B) For example, among operatic voices:
C) For example: among operatic voices, A) However ,

D) For example, among operatic voices, B) While
C) Nevertheless
D) Therefore ,
Ill
The energy industry has long met demand
by varying the rate at which it produces fuel.
Controlling the output of an oil - fired power plant
Ill
is much like changing the speed of a car- press The Paleo diet includes meat , fruit, and vegetables
the accelerator and more gas flows to the engine. in an attempt to recreate the eating patterns
__ the wind cannot be turned up or down. of prehistoric hunter - gatherers. Although it
Smart software is one solution to make wind is a popular way to lose weight in the short
farms more efficient and responsive. term , there is no long - term credible research
confirming its efficacy. __ many scientists
Which choice completes the text with the most point out that the diet is misguided because wild
logical transition? grains were consumed well before the advent of
farming.
A) Nevertheless,
vl'hich choice completes the text with the most
B) Despite this ,
logic.al transition?
C) Furthermore ,
D) However , A) Subsequently,
B) Nevertheless ,
C) Moreover,
D) Therefore ,
Module
1
Ill
The London and Northwestern Railway War
Memorial is a First World War memorial
outside Euston Station in London, England.
- In May, 1992, the Ministry of Forestry in
Vietnam and the World Wildlife Federation
jointly conducted a survey and came across an
The memorial was designed by Reginald Wynn astounding discovery: the first new large mammal
Owen and __ employees of the London and species identified in half a century . Called a saola,
Northwestern Railway (LNWR) who were killed both the males and females have horns. Almost
in the First World War. nothing is known of their behavior, though they
are classified as critically endangered.
Which word most logically completes the text'
The writer wants to change the underlined
A) commemorates portion to emphasize the rarity of the saola.
Which choke most effectively achieves that goal?
B) idolizes
C) celebrates A) The first indication of a new species was when
D) overlooks scientists discovered a skull in a hunter's
home.
B) There are currently none in captivity and they

live in mountains in Vietnam and Laos.
C) Since the initial sighting, they have only been

positively identified on four occasions.
D) They have the fanciful common name of

"Asian unicorns," though they have two horns.

No Test Material On This Page
Module
2
Reading Test
The questions in th is section address a number of important read ing and writing skills. Each
question includes one or more passages, which may include a table or graph. Read each
- Any country, city, or rural village could be,

in fact, its own unique tourism magnet. The
tourism business , though, is broader than just the
- The following text is from Jane Austen's 181 I
novel, "Sense and Sensibility:'
destination . Considerations need to be made for Many were the tears shed by them in their last
adieus to a place so much beloved. "'And you)
transportation, hotel s and guest accommodations.
and services that link the various components of ye well - known trees," said Marianne, "but
a trip. such as guide services in national parks or you will continue the same, unconsciou s of
city bus tours . the pleasure or the regret you occasion , and
ioseosih le of any change in those who walk
As used in the text . what does the word "'broader'' under your shade! But who ·will remain to
most nearly me.an? enjoy you?''
A) more pronounced As used in the text, what does the word

"'insensi ble" most nearly mean?
BJ more genera l
A) comatose
C) more spacious
B) negligible
D) more extensive
C) unaware
D) insentient

Module
2
- The following text is adapted from F. Scott

..Sometimes, behaviors have underlying reasons
Fitzgerald's 1922 novel, 7/,e Beautiful and the that are not initially apparent, as shown through
Damned. a classic experiment by Walter Mischel. During
the 1960s, Mischel placed a marshmallow piece
Now Adam ). Patch left his father's farm in
in front of 600 children aged 4- 6. About a third
Tarrytown early in sixty- one to join a New
were willing to wait IS minutes to get a whole
York cavalry regiment. He came home from marshmallow, and those children got higher
the war a major, charged into Wall Street)
SAT scores years later. However, Mische!S theory
and amid much fuss, fume, applause, and ill
that willpower contributed to future success
will he gathered to himself some seventy- five was somewhat arbitrary.A later experiment
million dollars. conducted by Tyler Watts and associates included
a broader analysis of ethnicity and social status
As used in the text, what does the word "fume"
and determined that economic background most
most nearly mean?
closely predicted the demonstrated behavior.
A) exhaust
vl'hich choice best states the main purpose of the
B) stench text?
C) pollution A) It presents the study by Tyler Watts to show
D) ire that most behavioral psychology experiments
are flawed
B) It argues that experiments regarding behavior
should be performed multiple times in order
to determine true correlations.
C) It explains a significant problem in the
current understanding of ·willpower in young
children.
D) It discusses the study by Walter Mischel to
show that there may be alternate explanations
in an apparentlyobvious situation.
Module
2
- The following text is adapted from Abraham

Lincoln's last public address, given April 11, 1965.
- The median annual wage for urban and regional
planners was $73,050 in May 2018. The median
wage is the wage at which half the workers in an
Some twelve thousand voters in the heretofore occupation earned more than that amount and
slave•state of Louisiana have sworn allegiance
halfearned less The lowest IO percent earned
to the Union, assumed to be the rightful
less than S45,180, and the highest 10 percent
political power of the State, held elections, earned more than $114,170. Employment of
organized a State government, adopted a
urban and regional planners is projected to grow
free•state constitution, and empowered the
11 percent from 2018 to 2028, much faster than
Legislature to confer the elective franchise the average for all occupations. Demographic ,
upon the colored man. Now, if we reject, and transportation,and environmental changes
spurn them. we do our utmost to disorganize
and disperse them. We in effect say to the
"'II drive employment growth for planners.
Within cities, urban planners will be needed
white men, "You are worthless, or worse•
to develop revitalization projects and address
-we will neither help you, nor be helped
issues associated with population growth,
by you." To the blacks we say, "This cup of
environmental degradation, the movement of
liberty which these, your old masters. hold people and goods. and resource scarcity.
to your lips, we will dash from you, and le.ave
you to the chances of gathering the spilled Which choice best states the function of the
and scattered contents in some vague and underlined sentence in the text as whole?
undefined when, where, and how."
A) To define a term provided in the passage
In the text, what does the imagery of a cup of
liberty mainly serve to emphasize? B) To point out that the median wage is an
insufficient measurement
A) The generosity of the Union in giving freed C) To suggest a possible reason for the wide
slaves certain benefits range in salaries
B) The advances made by the Union in D) To provide support for the claim that
protecting the rights of former slaves employment is predicted to grow
C) The unconscious way in which many people
accept their freedoms
D) The precarious nature of the freedoms granted
to former slaves in Louisiana

Module
2
- Text 1
Depression is an illness of brain circuitry and chemistry that
causes and is caused by changes in mood , thinking , and behavior .
Behavioral activation is a type of talk therapy that helps patients
free themselves from negative mood spirals by identifying a
connection behveen actions and emotions, and gradually add
small and enjoyable actions back into their lives. The process
decreases avoidance, bolsters peer connection) and improves
engagement in activities. This non - intrusive solution takes time,
but is much healthier than covering the problem with medications.
Text2
Studies have shown that a single ketamine infusion can often
rapidly relieve depressive symptoms within hours in people
who have not responded to conventional antidepressants. which
typically take weeks or months to work. However ) widespread use
of ketarnine for tre.atment - resistant depression has raised concerns
about side effects, including feelings of floating , queasiness . visual
distortions . and numbness . These conditions occurred in at least
half of the participants of one study, but none persisted for more
than four hours . To overcome these problems, ongoing research is
necessary to develop a more practical rapid - acting antidepressant
that works in the brain similarly to ketamine.
Based on the texts, how would the author of Text I most likely
vie1v the conclusion drawn by the author in the final sentence of
Text 2?
A) Agreement, because she knows most depression treatments are

insufficient
B) Reservation ) because she promotes less invasive ways to
address depression
C) Confusion , because she feels that the drug does not need any
modification
D) Disapproval , because she contends that drug therapies are

unacceptable
Module
2
- The following text is adapted from Jefferson Keels

2011 statement, "The Indian Reorganization
Act- 75 Years Later."
-The following text is adapted from Fyodor
Dostoevsky's 1848 short story collection, "White
Nights and Other Stories."
Our predecessorshad a shared vision. Indian I came back to the town very late. and it had
reservationsshould be places where the struck ten as I was going towards my lodgings.
old ways are maintained) our languagesare My way lay along the canal embankment ,
spoken, and our children learn our traditions where at that hour you never meet a soul
and pass them on. They are places where there It is true that I live in a very remote part of
are fish in the stream and game in the field, the town. I walked along singing, for when
and food grows wild; places where our people I am happy I am always humming to myself
can live and be Indian. At the same time) like every happy man who has no friend or
this vision includes modern life, economic acquaintancewith whom to share his joy.
development to sustain our people; safety and Suddenly I had a most unexpected adventure.
respectful relationships with our neighbors;
and the blessings of education, health care and According to the text, what is the reason the
modern technology. This vision was shared narrator is walking along the embankment late at
by the U.S. Congress in 1934 when it passed night'
the Indian Reorganization Act. With the IRA,
Congress renewed its trust responsibilityto A) He wanted to avoid meeting other people.
protectand restore our tribal homelands and B) He was escaping the pressures of the city.
the Indian way oflife .
C) He was returning to his quarters.
What is the main idea of the text?
D) He sought more excitement in his life.
A) The Indian Reorganization Act is a policy in

keeping with the view of the earlier Indian
people themselves.
B) The Indian ReorganizationAct was ·written
by Indian predecessorsin order to preserve
traditionalculture.
C) The Indian ReorganizationAct was created in
the effort to deny Native Americans the basic
rights they wished for.
D) The Indian Reorganization Act has been
successful in helping Native American
cultures to thrive since it was enacted.

Module
2
llll Ill
As for tidal devices. the environmental impacts Over the past 30 years, scientists have discovered
are considered comparably small. Wave devices many dinosaurs from the group known as
will represent a much lower collision risk Carcharodontosauridae, but a lack of complete
compared to offshore wind devices but they could fossils led to many assumptions about their
create a risk of underwater collisions for diving structure and movement. However. a recent
birds. In general, environmental impacts will find in Argentina of a species named J\,feraxe.s
very much depend on the size of installation and gigas gives new insights . Standing 11 meters
the location selected. Potential positive effects (36 feet) and weighing 4 tons, the carnivore
such as the creation of roosting sites and habitat probably appeared very much like the unrelated
enhancement for marine birds might occur as Tyrannosaurusrex. This conclusion is partly based
well. The majority of the studies recommend that on the discovery of an almost intact arm bone
commercial - scale installations of ocean energy that is extremely short like those of T. rex.
technology should be accompanied by research
studies on local environmental impacts. Which finding, if true , would most strongly
support the scientists' conclusion?
According to the text, which of the following will
most determine how much a tidal system alters A) M. gigns and T. rex were discove red to have
the environment? lived in time pe riods separated by about 20
million years.
A) The placement in the ocean
B) The skull bones from the M. gigas fossil are
B) The number of moving parts oversized in proportion to the body. as are
those of T. rex fossils.
C) The number of research studies about it
C) The average size of an adult T. rex varied
D) The total energy it generates
greatly. behveen S tons and almost 7 tons.
D) Remains from both T. rex and M. gigas show

that they both were carnivores which preyed
on mostly her bivorous dinosaurs.
Module
2
Ill Ill
Biodiversity:Trees in Southern Ontario A seller who makes a claim about how much
(percentage of total trees ) money a person can earn opening a franchise
must provide a document that says in big type:
30 -------------- EARNINGSCLAIM STATEMENTREQUIRED
25 ----------------::-- BY LAW This document has to include many
20 ----------------1--- statistics including the specifics of the claim; the
15 -------------=-~ ... start and end date those earnings were achieved;
the number and percentage of people who got
10
5 ------
those results or better, and any information
0
about those people that may differ from you -
red.maple birch beech ash oak
for example , the part of the country where they
I 10.000)'ears ago s.ooo rearsago I live. Since the Rule gives the right to see written
proof for the seller's earnings claims. savvy buyers
exercise that right and study those materials
In 2003. a team of researchersstudied ancient carefully.
forest diversity through analyzing pollen samples
in a lakebed. "What we are seeing is huge Which statement best identifies one of the
variabilitywithin tree populations over time," authorS implicit claims about the Earnings Claim
said scientist James Clark. For example)__ He Statement Required by Law'
explained that this variability means they overlap
in ways that determine which species are going to A) Demographic factors may affect a franchise's
thrive and which are going to go extinct He also earnings.
proposed that the variability might itself represent
B) The earnings claims must be updated every
a stabilizing mechanism. Clark emphasized ,
however, that even though the role of stabilizing month.
mechanisms remains unknov.'ll. the results from C) Most sellers do not provide the statement
the studies offer cautionary lessons. willingly.
D) The document is required with any building

table to complete the example' purchase.
A) the perc.ent of red maple increased by 10

percent over the time period studied.
B) the populations of beech remained stable over

the time period in the study.
C) there were always fewer birch trees than ash

trees in the time period studied.
D) the percentage of oak trees decreased by
approximately 10 percent over the study
period .

Module
2
Ill Ill
A serious financial investment is needed to bring You must respect copyright laws when composing
Sub - Saharan Africa up to par with the global music. When you sample __ artist's music
marketplace . Africa has huge potential for growth without obtaining permission , you're infringing
in its tourism market , but heavy tourism traffic on the copyright to that work, no matter how big
might have a negative impact on the environment. or how small a portion of it you actually use.
cultural stereotypes could be exploited, and the
disparity between wealthy tourists and service Which choice completes the text so that it
workers earning a modest wage may lend itself to conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
divisions and social friction. Tourism demands
higher levels of security and public health at all A) another
levels. Money spent on tourism development is B) other
money not spent on schools or clinics. On the
other hand t without tourism income , there are no C) every
jobs. D) others
One conclusion that can be drawn about the

negative impact of tourism in Africa is that
A) jobs created may not provide adequate

employment for all community members. Ill
B) most of the income from tourism will not Although many people feel that the court system
benefit the local communities at all. is too complicated and takes too long to bring
C) an increase in tourism would result in a loss a criminal to justice, it is an essential part of a
of local culture and traditions . democratic government Imagine a world in
which a __ guilty person is condemned to
D) individuals who work in the industry may death without a trial or any method of recourse.
become resentful of visitors.
'Nhich choice completes the text so that it
A) presumed
B) presumption
C) presumably
D) presumptive
Module
2
- Known best for his famous Lord of the Rings

trilogy, author /.R.R. Tolkien also completed
a translation of the epic poem "Beowulf" in
Ill
Recently,astronomers discovered two new rocky
planets approximately the size of Earth. Smaller
than our Sun, __ making the two planets
1926. His son found the manuscript and had it orbiting it potentially close enough to study their
published in 2014, 40 years alter __ death. atmospheres in detail. Since the cooler of the two
is estimated to be 543 degrees Fahrenheit (284
Which choice completes the text so that it degrees Celsius), there is little chance of life as we
conforms to the conventions of Standard English? know it, though.
A) his Which choice completes the text so that it

B) Tolkiens
C) Tolkiens' A) there are only 33 light years between the red
D) Tolkien's dwarf star HD260655 and our Solar System,
B) only 33 light years separate the red dwarf star
HD260655 from our Solar System,
C) our Solar System is only 33 light years away

from the red dwarf star HD260655,
D) the red dwarf star HD260655 is only 33 light

years away from our solar system)

Module
2
m
In 1967, Kenyan writer Ngugi wa Thiongo
worked as a lecturer in the department of English
at the University of __ ·~ Grain of Wheat in
- Rainwaterharvesting is the collection of run- off
from a structure or other impervious surface in
order to store it for later use. Rainwater collection
July" in the same year. He became instrumental in systems can be as simple __ rain in a rain
a movement that advanced African literature. barrel or as elaborate as harvesting rainwater into
large cisterns to supply your entire household
Which choice completes the text so that it demand.
conforms to the conventions of Standard English'
A) Nairobi and published conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
B) Nairobi, and published

A) as: collecting
C) Nairobi and published,
B) as. collecting
D) Nairobi, and published ,
C) as- collecting
D) as collecting
People often join martial arts such as karate,

judo, and taekwondo in order to increase their
Ill
amount of weekly exercise in an interesting way. The delicate art of Kamal ud- Din Behziid, who
Those who participate for extended periods, was born circ.a 1455, is often considered the
though, typic'1ilycite the development of personal apogee of Islamic miniature paintings. Director
qualities- particularly __ the reason they of a workshop in the Herat Academy, Behziid
continue. had great influence, and his work was copied
extensively both __ his lifetime.
conforms to the conventions of Standard English' Which choice completes the text so that it
A) self- control -
A) during) and after
B) self- control - as
B) during and after,
C) self- control - which is
C) during - and after
D) self- control - they say is
D) during and after
Module
2
Most people have heard of search and rescue The effects of climate change are noticeable now:
dogs, which assist the police and other responders average temperatures are increasing, storms are
in finding victims of crimes or natural disasters . more severe, and droughts are more common. In
There are two work methods that the dogs follow.. order to protect our planet and life as we know
Trailing dogs follow the specific scent of one it, we __ must make changes to our daily
person along the path that the person took . __ routines as quickly as possible . If everyone works
air- scent dogs sniff the general vicinity until they together, even small alterations such as eating
find any individual in the search region. more vegetables or taking public transportation
can make a large difference in the long run.
\•Vhich choice completes the text with the most
logical transition? The writer wants to emphasize the necessity
of protecting the planet. Which choice most
A) Because of this, effectively achieves this goal?
B) By contrast . A) can
C) Therefore ,
B) will
D) Moreover. C) might
D) must
Ill
It may seem that all mosquitoes hate the human
race. but in reality, only the females require blood
to obtain a specific protein needed to produce As technology evolves apace and more of us
eggs. Males do not drink blood __ even if work part - time, the trend of skill sets becoming
they wanted to. they do not have the mouthparts obsolete is __ . For instance, Linkedln co-
to pierce skin. It turns out that mosquitoes get founder Reid Hoffman believes that careers are
most of their energy from plant nectar and fruit. now simply "tours of dutyt prompting companies
to design organizations that assume people will
Which choice completes the text with the most only stay a few years.
logical transition?
The writer wants to highlight the speed of
A) Therefore , transition. Which choice best achieves that goal?
BJ Finally, A) accelerating in a faster and faster way

C) In fact,
B) only accelerating
D) Namely,
C) increasingly accelerating
D) accelerating more quickly as time goes by

Module
2
- While researching a topic, a student has taken the

following notes:
• Cher is a famous musician and performer

born in 1946.
• She was known for regularl y changing her

appearance and musical styles.
• In the 1970s, she star red in a TV series that

ran for 3 years.
• She collaborated with her husband on her

first pop/rock hit, •1 Got You Babe• ( 1965).
• Her 1979 disco dance song "Take Me Home"

brought her fame alter a hiatus.
The student wants to emphasize a point using

the t\vo songs. Which choice most effectively
uses relevant information from the notes to
accomplish this goal'
A) "J Got You Babe" was performed in 1965 and

"Take Me Home" was performed in 1979.
B) Cher changed styles regularly, using pop/rock

for "J Got You Babe" and disco for "Take Me
Home."'
C) In the 1970s, Cher performed in a television
series as well as sang "Take Me Home."
D) Cher both collaborated with her husband and
performed a disco dance song.
STOP
Module
1
Math
The quest ions in this section address a number of important math skills. Use of a calculator is permitted
for all questions .
i.ir-iiii
Unless otherwiseindicated:• All variablesand expressionsrepresentreal numbers. • Figuresprovided
are drawn to scale. • All figures lie in a plane.• The domain of a given function is the set of all real
numbers x for which f(x) is a real number .
e
G A= 1tr
2
CJ w
A= tw A=
b
I
blr
b~
a
c2=a2+b2
~x
•
x-13
s~
Special Right Triangles

45°
s
2
C=2"r
Gh
V= f.wh
E:Ji.
V = ,rr2h
@
\I : .'.!.,r,3
3
4
\I = ½,rr2h V=
I
3
t wh
w
The number of degrees of arc in a circle is 360.
The number of radians of arc in a circle is 211.
The sum of the measures in degrees of the ang les of a triang le is 180.

Modul e
1
For multiple-choice questions , solve each problem, choose the correct

answer from the choices provided, and then circle your answer in this
book. Circle only one answer for each question. If you change your mind ,
complete ly erase the circle . You will not get credit for questions with more
than one answer circled, or for questions with no answers circled.
For student-produced response questions , solve each problem and write

your answer next to or under the question in the test book as described
below.
• Once you've written your answer, circle it clearly. You will not receive
credit for anything written outside the circle, or for any questions with
more than one circled answer.
• If you find more than one correct answer, write and circle only one
answer.
• Your answer can be up to S characters for a positive answer and up to
6 characters (inclu ding the negative sign) for a negat ive answer, but no
more.
• If your answer is a fraction that is too long (over 5 characters for pos itive, 6
characters for negative) , write the decima l equivalent.
• If your answer is a decimal that is too long (over 5 characters for pos itive,
6 characters for negative), truncate it or round at the fourth digit.
• If your answer is a mixed number (such as 3.!. 2 ), write it as an impro per
fraction (7/2) or its decima l equivalent (3.5).
• Don't include symbo ls such as a percent sign, comma, or dollar sign in
your circled answer.
www.vibrantpublishtrs
.com 41 CONTINUE
Module
1
- If 4x + 16 = 24 , what is the value of x + 4'
A) 8
- lf a is a solution to this equation below and a> 0 ,
what is the value of a?
12x-31 =11
B) 6
C) 2
D) 4
-
- Cocopine high school conducts annual surveys
at its school to find out the number of teachers
and students by gender. The results of the survey
Line k is a line perpendicular to line m. Given
that the equation for line mis 5y = 4x + 15, which
of the following could be the equation for line k '
4
A) y= - x-12
showed that there were 35 teachers and 245 5
students in the school. 5
B) y= - x +6
4
Students Teache.r 5
C) y=--x-2
Male 131 4
Female 16 5
D) y=-x+IO
4
Using the table above, if a person is chosen at
random, what is the probabilitythat the person is
a male teacher?
A)
B)
-280
19
19
150
- What is the center of the circle, given that its
equation is x' + y'-6x+4y=36?
C) -3519 A) (- 3, 2)
B) (2, - 3)
19
D) C) (3, - 2)
131
D) (- 2, 3)

Module
1
If (8' )' x 4" is equivalent to ( :: J,

what is the
- Which of the following equation best represents
the graph below'
value of a? I
- If (x,y) is a solution to the following system

of inequalities , which of the following could be
(x,y)?
-20
_l)
0 20 40
•2v
- 6x + 3 < y
y<x +6
.
A ) (- 2, - 4)
B) (4, 7)
A) y =5(0.7)'
C) (- 2, I)
B) y =5(1.3)'
D) (- 2, - 4)
C) y =3(0.7)'
D) y =3(1.3)'
- If /(x)=2(x-3)' +8 is transformed to
g(x) = 2(x-S)' + 5 , which of the following
describes the transformation?
A) The x coordinate moves to the right 2 units

and the y coordinate moves 3 units down .
B) The x coordinate moves to the left 2 units and
they coordinate moves 3 units down .
C) The x coordinate moves to the right 2 units

and the y coordinate moves 3 units up.
D) The x coordinate moves to the left 2 units and
they coordinate moves 3 units up.
www.vibrantpublisher
s.rom 43 CONTINUE
Module
1
1111
If triangle PQR (not shown) is similar to triangle
DEF shown below and DE= 2PQ, what is the
value of sin R?
- A researcherstudies bacteria in a pond and
models a function that shows how the bacteria
populate in the pond. Let t be the number of days
since the bacteria began to populate the pond
D
Which of the following is the best interpretation
of (3);.' in the equation: p(t) =2,034(3);.' >

13
5
A) The number of bacteria at the beginning of
the study
B) The number of bacteria triples every two
E F
weeks
C) The number of bacteria increases by 3 every
two weeks
D) The number of bacteria in the pond after two
weeks
ID
The average SAT score of 7 students in a class
is 1,320. If a student with an SAT score of 1,460
joins the class, what ¾ill be the new average SAT Ill
score (rounded off to the nearest IO)'
What is the value of p, if the equation below has
no solutions?
A) 1,390
B) 1,340 5(x+3)-3(2-x)= px +7
C) 1,300
D) 1,460

Module
1
Ill 1111
How many solutions does the following system of The expression y = -2(x+ 3)1 + 6 is equivalent to
equations have? ax' +bx +c , where a <0 and b<0 . What is the
value of c?
3x-4y= 16
~x=-Sy+32
A) One solution
B) Two solutions
C) Infinitely many solutions

D) No solution
.. If the coordinates of the midpoint ofline segment
AB are (8, 10) and the coordinates of point A are
(6, 11), which of the following would represent
the coordinates of point B?
A) (7, 10.5)
Ill B) (2, 0.5)
What is the length of the minor arc AB, given C) (10,9)
that the diameter of the circle is 12 cm and the
D) (7, 11)
measure of the angle of sector AOB is 72°'
m
How many solutions does the equation Ix+ 3 I= 0
have?
A)
B) 2
A) 2.4,r
C) 0
B) 28.811
D) There is not enough information to answer
C) 12,r
the question.
D) "6
Module
1
Ill
What is the value of I/ (2) I where Which of the following is not a solution to the
2 inequality below?
f(x)=x -20x+9?
-3x+6$2-x
A) 27
AJ 2
BJ - 27
B) 0
CJ 53
C) 3
DJ 35
D) 4
The price of oil increased by 20% at the beginning

of May. Some policies were then put in place
which reduced the price of oil by 14% two weeks
after the initial increase. What is the overall
percentage increase or decrease in the oil?
Ill
A circle is inscribed in a square. If the length of
one side of the square is and the area of the
circle is pn, what is the value of p?
A) 32
BJ 16
CJ 8
DJ 64

Module
2
Math
for all questions .
i.ir-iiii
e
GA= 1tr
2
CJ w
A= tw A=
b
I
blr
b~
a
c2=a2+b2
~x
•
x-13
s~

45°
s
2
C=2"r
Gh
V= f.wh
E:Ji.
V = ,rr2h
@
\I : .'.!.,r,3
3
4
\I = ½,rr2h V=
I
3
t wh
w

Modul e
2

answer from the choices provided, and then circle your answer in this
book. Circle only one answer for each question. If you change your mind ,
complete ly erase the circle . You will not get credit for questions with more

below.
• Once you've written your answer, circle it clearly. You will not receive
answer.
more.
Module
2
.. Ifm and 11 are solutions to the equation

- How many solutions does the following system of
f(x)= 3x' +9x-27 , what is the value of m+n' equations have?
y=2x-5
A) 3
y=2x 2 -l8x+45
B) - 9
A)
C) - 3
B) 2
D) 9
C) 0
D) Infinite
- Which of the following is equivalent to

3x'y+Sx-(3x'x'-2x'y) >
- If 3x- y = 11 and 2x-2y=2 , what is the value
.
A) 6x ' y-3x·y ' +Sx of x+ y?
B) x2 y-3x 1 y 2 + Sx
A) 9
C) 6x'y-2x'y' +Sx
B) 5
D) -3x' y' + Sx' y + Sx
C) 3
D) 13
- What is the least integer value of y that satisfies

the inequality below'
- If sin 32° = 0.551, what is the value of cos 58°'
-2y+2<6
PracticeTestsfor the DigitalSAT so CONTINUE

Module
2
- If I foot = I 2 inches, what is the area of the

triangle (not drawn to scale) below in ft'?
- Which of the following equations best represents
the equation of the following graph'
<
• \
, \
\
-6 .4 -2 0 21 4 6 8 10 12
·'
10 inches
• \
, \
• \
A) 120 , In \
B) 20
p '
C) 1,440 \
• I•
D) JO \
A) 3y-9x=l8
B) 3y+9x=l8
- For all values of x > 0, which of the following is
. I h e ll .
equ1va ent to t e 10 owmg equation -
. -5 - --
X >
.
C) 6y-l2x=36
D) Sy+20x=30
X X-4
1111
A) - 6
vl'hat is the y - intercept for the equation below'
x' +-20
B) y-7=3 ' -5
4
-x 1 -5x+20
C)
x 2 -4x
-9-x
D)
x-4
s.rom 51 CONTINUE
Module
2
Ill
For what value of x does the function
h(x) ,
3x-5
X -2x-15
become undefined if x < 0 '
- Amber travels from her home to the mall in
1.!. hours. She completes her errands in one hour

2
A) 5 1
and she the n travels back home in 2 hours.
B) - 5 2
C) - 3 If the distance from the mall to her home is x
miles, find the average speed of her trip in terms
D) - 4
ofx.
A) X
4
Ill B)
X
2
If f(3) = -1 and f(4) = -3 , what is the x-
2x
inferceptfor the line represented by the function C)
5
f(x)?
D) 2x
A) 2.5
B) 5
-
C) - 2
2
D) 5
Given that the length of a rectangle is 3 meters
more than its width, what is the perimeter of the
rectangle given that the area is 28 square meters?
A) 11
Ill
B) 22
If (x+ 3) =Sx-17, what is the value of f(2)' C) 14

D) 32

Module
2
1111 Ill
If x' -6x+ 10 B ,
A study conducted by a school's medical board A+ -- • what is the value of B?
x+2 x+2
found that 23 out of the 48 students surveyed
practice sanitary routines such as washing their
hands before meals. If there are 2,280 students
in the school) approximately how many students
in the school do not practice sanitary routines
(rounded up to the nearest whole number )' Ell
If triangle ABC is a right triangle and B is 90°
and the longest side of the triangle is 61 and the
shortest side is 11, what is the length of the third
side of the triangle'
Ill
A) 40
Which of the following is the equation of
B) 60
g(x) = 2x when it's moved I unit to the left and I
unit up? C) 62
D) 59
A) y=2x-l
B) y=2x+ l
C) y=2x+5
D) y=2x+3
Ill
What is the x coordinateof the vertex for
the parabola represented by the equation
1
y=2x +8x+l2'
A) 6
B) - 4
C) 2
D) - 2
Module
2
Ill Ill
The psychology department of a school If x+3y=9 and 2x+2y=l4 ,w hatisthevalue
conducted a study on 20 random students in a of y-x?
third grade class of 58 students. 20 of the students
were then offered a supplement. The study found A) - 5
that 15 of these students did better in their
B) 5
end- term exams compared to those who did not
take the supplements. Which of the following C)
statements can best be concluded from the above D) 6
study'
A) Students who take supplements do better on

exams.
BJ Students who do not take supplements do not

do well on their exams.
C) Supplements improve students' performance

in their exams.
D) No conclusion can be drawn about the cause -

and- effect relationship between test taking
and supplement taking.
STOP

Answer Key

- "
"
"
0
'ij
-~-
:, ;i 19
.g
i
-
'.:I
t
" -
t: t: i: :, t:
0 0 0 0 0
u 0 u ::e V 0 u u
I. C I. D I. B I. C
2. C 2. C 2. A 2. D
3. A 3. D 3. 7 3. -1
4. B 4. D 4. C 4. A
5. C 5. D 5. C 5. A
6. A 6. A 6. 3 6. 0.551
7. B 7. B 7. B 7. D
8. A 8. A 8. A 8. C
9. B 9. C 9. D 9. B
10. B 10. A 5/13o r 10. 3
II. B II. B 0.384 II. C
10.
12. A 12. A or 12. A
13. C 13. A 0.385 13. - 22
II. B
14. D 14. D 14. B
15. D 15. A 12. B
15. B
13. 8
16. C 16. C 16. 1188
14. D
17. C 17. D 17. D
15. A
18. C 18. D 18. D
16. - 12
19. A 19. A 19. 26
20. B 20. B 17. C 20. B
18. A
21. B 21. D 21. D
22. D 22. D 19. A 22. B
20. 3.2
23. D 23. B
24. B 24. C 21. C
25. C 25. D
22. B
26. A 26. B
27. C 27. B

I READINGAND WRITING Answers & Explanations Module 1
I
I. Level: Easy I Domain: CRAFT AND proposal. Choice B refers to something that is
STRUCTURE impossible to avoid the effect of. The clients and
Skill/Knowledge: Words in Context investors, though, are not forced to accept the
proposal. Choice D refers to something that is
Key Exp lanat i on: Choice C is the best answer extremely interesting so that it is impossible to
because the underlined word is what goats "lack" stop paying attention to it. Although a proposal
or "do not have.• The first half of the sentence might be fascinating, the key is to make it
indicates that the goats will eat "everything else• desirable enough that others buy into it.
as well as "unwanted weeds ... In other words. the
goat does not care what it e.ats. Choice C refers
3. Level: Hard I Domain: CRAFT AND
to "judgment." or "refinement" about what it
STRUCTURE
chooses , so fits the context of eating anything .
Distrac .tor Explanation: Choices A and B are
Key Explanation: Choice A is the best answer
incorrect because they refer to unfairness or
because "critical"is the author'sview of what
partiality towards one thing. However, the goats
"explainingsuch coexistence" is. The sentence
are not deliberately trying to treat one plant
continues to say that the explanation is needed to
poorly; they eat all without preferences. Choice D
"trulyunderstand the region'sbiodiversity." Choice
is incorrect bee.a.useit refers to an obstinate and
A refers to something absolutely necessary, so fits
unchanging belief about the superiority of one's
the context in saying that explaining coexistence is
group over others, but the goats do not feel they
necessary to understand biodiversity and therefore
are superior to others .
developing an appropriate plan for managing the
area.
2. Level: Easy I Domain: CRAFT AND
STRUCTURE Distractor Explanation: None of the other
Skill/Knowledge: Words in Context choices accuratelydescribes how essential
"explainingsuch coexistence" really is. Choke B
Key Exp lanat ion: Choice C is the best answer means "dangerous.'' Choice C refers to expressing
because the underlined word describes how criticism and disapproval.Choice D refers to
clients and investors view the proposal that the using logic and reasoning .
person ·with a career in business makes . Choice
C refers to something that is desirable. The
resulting sentence, therefore, indicates that the
4. Level: Medium I Domain: CRAFT AND
STRUCTURE
businessperson helps make the plan desirable to
others.
Key Explanation: Choice B is the best answer

Distrac.tor Explanation; None of the other
because the blank portion needs to be a word that
choices adequately shows how the clients and
describes the "cultural and historical value of the
investors need to view the proposals. Choice A
building and its contents,• which are described
refers to a personal quality that inspires others.
as being full of "splendid and unique details"
It does not refer to something inanimate like a
from over the past 1,500 years. Choice C refers
I READING AND WRITING Answers & Explanations Module 1
I
to something that is too great to mathematically 6. Level: Easy I Domain: CRAFT AND
dete rmin e or count. It fits th e context th at the STRUCTURE
building's value is so great it cannot be replaced by Skill/Knowledge: Text Struct ure and Purpose
any money.
Key Explanation: Choic.e A is the best answer.
Distractor Exp lanations: None of th e other The underlined sentence s hows that the garden
choices adequately desc ribe the precious nature of was large and "lovely" or "appealing,• and the
the "value of the building and its contents." Choice following sentence gives various reasons that the
A refers to a place or thing that is pleasant and garden was appealing to all the senses .
agreeable) not an intangible thing such as "value:•
Choic.es C and D refer to something that is physi- D istractor Explanat ion: Choice B is incor rect
cally large or bulky, not something intangible. because there is no contrast with the previous
sentence ; th e garden was lovely) so that provides
a reason for th e children to want to play there.
5. Level: Hard I Doma in: CRAFT AND
Choice C is incorrect because the underlined
STRUCTURE
sentence does not refer to "characters" or "people ,"
Skill/Know ledge: Text Structure and Purpose
only to place. Choice D is incorrect because
Key Explanation: Choice C is the best answer there is no "ominous underc urren t" or "scary
because the main point of th e paragraph is that implication " in the description of the garden. It
"'these results contrast with previous findings" and could be that th e giant is ve ry nice and the re is no
emphasize that more studies are needed, indieat• problem with the children playing there.
ing that th e Drake Passage study did not provide
all th e answers. Therefore , the paragrap h shows 7. Level: Easy I Domain: CRAFT AND
how the results of the Drake Passage study fits into STRUCTURE
"the wider context"' or "bigger picturl ' of other
Skill/Knowledge: Text Struct ure and Purpose
studies.
Key Explanation; Choke 8 is the best answer
Distractor Exp lanation: Choice A is incorrect
because the phrase is used to describe the
because the paragraph does not suggest that any
"fentanyl analogs" or "dru gs compa rable to
of the data gathered so far is "inaccurate" or "not
fentanyl." The fact that th ey were "commonly
correct.., Therefore) the paragraph is not being
confiscated " or "often seized " by law enforcement
used to s how how difficu lt it is to get correct data.
s hows that the drugs are ones in common use,
Choice B is incorrect because the paragraph
and therefore are likely to be illegal drugs that
does not "illustrate" or "explain" w hy it is hard to
overdose patients had access to and used . If this is
"amass• or "gather" enough data. The paragraph
true , the researc h on th e drugs is likely to "apply"
mentions that th e conditions are "challenging, "
or "be relevant" to "authentic cases " or "real
but does not give any detail abo ut why. Choice D
situations " in w hich a patient overdoses on an
is incorrect because, thoug h the paragraph says
illegal drug.
that CO? absorption is important ) it does not talk
about "correcting " or "fixing" the problem . It only
D istractor Explanat ion: Choice A is incorrect
says that there needs to be more research done to
because the method of "obtaining • or "getting •
understand the process bette r.

I
the drugs is not mentioned . The researchers of wisdom to overcome mankind's tendency
could have gotten the drugs from a variety of towards warfare ) where.as this choice emp hasizes
sources. Choice C is incor rect beca use th e fact that there are people that would ignore th e misery
that the drugs were the kind seized by officers of others as long as they benefitted. Choice
does not show that th e trials were "improperly' ' or D is incorrect because it doesn 't incl ude any
"'incorrectl y" done. Choice D is incorrect because information relating to th e underlined concluding
there is no indication that th e research required message in Text 2. The underlined section in Text
special permits to use the drugs. Therefore ) th e 2 is expressing a belief in the ability of wisdom to
quote is not included to "establish"' or "provide a overcome mankind's tendency towards warfa re,
reason" for a point th at is not even mentioned whe reas this choice emphasizes that th ere are men
that have no prob lem with th e concept of killing
or taking someone else's life.
8. Leve l: Easy I Doma in: IN FORMATIO N AND
ID EAS
Skill/Know ledge: Cross - Text Connections 9. Level: Medium I Domain: INFORMATION AND
IDEAS
Key Explanation: Choice A is the best answer Skill/Knowledge: Central Ideas and Details
because when th e author of passage 2 states that if
"men but understand themselves . .. they will be Key Explanation: Choic,e B is the best answer
ready enoug h to take gigantic measures to prevent because "impetus " refers to a reason or
[war !" he is expressing a belief in the ability of motivation . The passage begins by explaining that
·wisdom to overcome mankindS tendency towards the narrator will "'take to th e ship" whenever he is
warfare. This is very similar in intent and belief feeling morbid and needs a change.
to th e statement made by the author of passage 1
that, "We must have the telescope of philosophy to Distractor Explanation: Choice A is incorrect
pe rceive distant ills." Both a uthors believe th at the because there is no indication th at the narrator is
key to conquering our urge to ignore the suffering a captain . He also does not appear to be a sailor
of othe rs and make war is conside ration and as a ste.ady career ) but instead when he feels tired
tho ughtfulness . of being on land . Choice C is incor rect bee.a.use

the narrator says he had no money ) and th erefore
Distractor Exp lanation: Choice B is inco rrec t felt like going sailing ; there is no discussion of a
bee.a.useit has no relevance to the underlined sailor's salary. He could have had a large salary
concluding message in Text 2. The under lined aboard ship but spent it all. Choic,e D is incorrect
section in Text 2 is expressing a belief in the ability because , while the narrator indicates that he
of ·wisdom to overcome mankindS tendency was "'impoveris hed" ·with "little or no money in
towa rds warfare , whereas this choice emphasizes my purse ;' he does not say how he got to th at
that people only conce rn themselves with condition
opinions and beliefs that ensure their pe rsonal
happiness. Choice C is incorrect because it doesn't
10. Level: Medium I Domain: INFORMATION AND
include any info rm ation relating to the unde rlined
IDEAS
concluding message in Text 2. The under lined
Skill/Knowledge: Central Ideas and Details
section in Text 2 is expressing a belief in the ability
s.rom 59
I
Key Explanation: Choice B is the best answer used to heat metal to the melting point and form
because the passage says that "induced demand'' it into a shape. Choice B refers to "delving" or
is a phenomenon in which making more of a "asking" the question of who might have created
product will lead to more people wanting it; in this the "dangerous creature ;· which causes "deadly
case, "if more roads are provided , more people are terrors: what furnace, anvil, and grasp could create
encouraged to drive:-' However , the passage says a tiger? These questions are asking who would
that the "'common solution" is to build more roads . dare to forge and hold the tiger.
sho·wing that in the average or common case of
wanting to reduce traffic jams, the effect is not Distractor Exp lanat ion: Choice A is incorrect
considered . If it were "taken into consideration" bee.a.useit touches on the fire imagery in the
or "tho ught about." then planners would probably "fire of thine eyes: but it does not refer to the
use a different solution than just building roads. question of who cre.ated such a creature. Choice
C is incorrect bee.a.useit only refers to the creator
Distractor Exp lanation: Choice A is incorrect and the danger or fear caused by a tiger: tigers are
because, although the passage indicates that scary enough that stars "throw dovm their spears"
congestion continues as more roads are built, it or "give up" and "water heaven with their tears"
does not say that induced demand "contradicts " or "cry." Choice C does not use any fire imagery.
or "'goes against" that concept. There is also no Choke D also does not give any support to the
hint that there is a "widespread belief" or "lots claim that the poem uses fire imagery ; it only
of people thinking " that building roads causes wonders if someone who created a lamb could
congestion; if so. the common solution would also create a tiger.
not be to build more. Choice C is incorrect
because there is no hint that city planners are now
12. Level: Hard I Doma in : INFORMATION AND
incorporating the idea into their plans ; if so, then
IDEAS
there would not be situations like the example
Skill/Know ledge: Command of Evidence
from Houston. Choice D is incorrect because
(Textual)
there is no discussion in the passage about how to
"mitigate " or "reduce" the effect. The effect is just Key Explanation: Choice A is the best answer
defined . bee.a.usea counterargument is an attack against
the writer's main argument. The prompt is asking
11. Level: Medium I Doma in: INFORMATION AND about a counterargument related to Mother Jones's
IDEAS "credibility " or "believability.• Mother Jones
Skill/Know ledge: Command of Evidence "addresses " or "faces" the possible attack that
(Textual) she is not qualified to speak because she is not a
miner by saying that she has undergone similar
Key Explanation: Choice B is the best answer. conditions that miners live in and suffer through:
The claim is that "the poem uses the imagery of "I was with you nearly three years in this State. I
fire to delve into the question of who might have went to jail. I went to the Federal courts: ·
created such a dangerous creature. " In choke B,
the words "furnace" and "anvil" are "imagery " or Distractor Exp lanat ion: Choice B is incorrect
"symbols " that evoke heat and fire; they are tools bee.a.useMother Jones uses her experience

I
in jail as a reason that she can empathize Distractor Explanation; Choke A is incorrect
with the miners. It supports her argument of because th ere is no evidence th at Mann expected
understanding hard conditions rather th an to find a "conflict "' or "opposing views" bet\veen
weakens her ability to speak for miners. Choice C the interviews and scientific research. She was
is incorrect because there is no discussion abo ut trying to blend th e two to get a more rounded
how many government contacts she has, so she view of the topic as a whole. Choice 8 is incorrect
does not "anticipate " a counter argument on that because th e health benefits were analyzed through
topic. Choice D is incorrect because Mother Jones scientific studies found in the literature revie w;
does not say how she treats pets ; she is discus.sing Mann was not trying to "resolve a debate " so
the behavior of the ·wives of th e mine owners. much as "combat stereotypes " by sharing different
views. Choke C is incor rect bec:ause there is no
13. Leve l: Easy I Doma in: IN FORMATIO N AND evidence that "most"' or "the largest percentage "
IDEAS of literature is "biased against " or "opposing'
SkiWKnow ledge: Command of Evidence veganism.
(Quantitative)
Key Explanation: Choice C is the best answer 15. Level: Easy I Domain: IN FORMATION AN D
because the figure lists "39.66 " in the column IDEAS
of "average days to first flowe r" for 90nM of Skill/Knowledge: Inferences
NaCl, and 23.66 days for O NaCl. Therefore , the

Key Exp lanation: Choice D is th e best answer.
difference is 16 days , which supports the claim
Since the tomb insc riptions say that th e tomb
that "inc reasing NaCl concentrations delayed
belonged to Hinat , it is a logical assumption that
significantly flowering" times.
she was buried there.
Distractor Exp lanat ion: Choice A is incorrect
because only the pas.sage refers to c:apsaicinoids; Distractor Explanations: Choice A is incor rect.
the table does not Choke 8 is incorrect because There is no evidence that Hinat was royal; if any •
only th e pas.sage refers to vitamins and minerals. thing, the act of buying a tomb indicates that the
Nutritional val ue is impossible to determine from populace did not make one for th eir ruler. Choice
the table. Choice Dis incorrect beca use for th e B is incorrect because , though she bought her own
"NaCl concentration of30 mM " line, the tab le says tomb, she had "descendants; • which indicates that
54 days until the first fruit appeared ; that is not the she had children. Choice C is incorrect because
total number of fruits. "ancestors " are the people who came before some •
one, so are the opposite of"descendants: · There is
no indication that anyone before Hinat was buried
14. Leve l: Medium I Domain: IN FORMATION AN D
with her.
IDEAS
SkiWKnow ledge: Infer ences
16. Level: Easy I Domain: STANDARD ENGLISH
Key Explanation: Choice D is the best answer CONVENTIONS
because the passage says th at Mann used personal Skill/Knowledge: Form , Structure , and Sense
interviews "to provide an insider's perspective. "
She was trying to get a clearer understanding of
veganism from vegans th emselves.
s.rom 61
I
Key Explanation: Choice C is the best answer. "the effect." Choice C is a sing ular verb th at shows
"'Calledoff " is a phrasalverb that means that the studies were done in the past and still
"canceled." contin ue today.
Distractor Exp lanation: All of the othe r choices Distractor Explanation: All of the oth er choices
can be eliminated because they are phrasal verbs can be eliminated beca use th ey are plural verbs,
with meanings that do not fit the context of so cannot be used with the sing ular subject "the
saying that the Olympics were not held. Choice effect ."
A refers to visiting someone. Choice B refers to
telephoning someone. Choice D refers to asking
various people questions . often when organizing
CONVENTIONS
something or trying to find information .
Skill/Knowledge: Form , Structure , and Sense
17. Level: Medium I Domain: STANDARD Key Explanation:Choke A is the best answer.
ENGLISH CONVENTIONS "Which~ is a relative pronoun used after a comma
Skill/Know ledge: Form, Struct ure, and Sense to add more desc ription to the noun th at precedes
the comma. In this case, "occur deep undenvater
Key Explanation: Choice C is the best answer. where continental plates diverge ~ adds more
The present perfect verb form using "has /have" is information about th e "hydrothermal vents:•
used to show that somet h ing started in th e past
and contin ues now. It fits the time context of the Distractor Explanation: Choices B and D are
question that Harari poses, "from the s tone age to incorrect because "th ey" and "these~ are pronouns
the present." that are used in place of a noun at the start of a
sentence. They create independent clauses th at can
Distractor Exp lanation: Choic.es A and B are stand on their own , so the resulting sentence is a
incorrect because they are present tenses ) so do comma sp lice. Choice C is incorrect because when
not include th e idea of change from the distant "that" is used as the start of a relative clause after a
past. Choice D is incorrect because it refers to noun, it is not preceded by a comma.
something which has not yet occurred in the
future) so does not describe "from the s tone age to
20. Level: Medium I Domain: STANDARD
the present."
ENGLISH CONVEN TI ONS
Skill/Knowledge: Boundaries
CONVEN TIO NS Key Explanation: Choice B is th e best answer.
Skill/Know ledge: Form, Struct ure, and Sense \o\'hen three or more items are included in a list
joined by "and," th e items are followed by commas,
Key Explanation: Choice C is the best answer. but the "and" is not.
The subject of the sentence is long, "the
transfonnative effect on women of access to Distractor Explanation; Choi ce A is incorrect
affordable, reliable, and sustainab le modern because there s hould be no comma after "and.~
energy.'' Howeve r, it can be reduced to the singular Choices C and D are incorrect because both

I
semico lons and a single das h should be preceded other. so it is hard for the reader to determine
by a complete idea, but the two items before th e how th e ideas relate to e,ich other. Choices B and
punct uation would need to be joined by "and" for C are incorrect because a colon should follow a
the idea to be complete. complete clause, but the preceding portion has no
verb.
21. Level: Easy I Doma in: STANDARD ENGLISH

CONVEN TIO NS 23. Level: Medium I Domain: EXPRESSION OF
Skill/Know ledge: Boundaries IDEAS
Skill/Knowledge: Transitions
Key Explanation: Choice B is the best answe r. "In
a 2022 paper written by Kyle Rupp and associates" Key Explanation: Choic,e D is the best answer.
modifies the main clause, "the researchers "The ·wind c.annotbe turned up or down" is a
explore . ..• by giving the context of when and contrast ·with the previous discussion, which
where the sentence occurs. Such a modifier at the explains that oil - powered plants can control
start of the sentence should be divided from the output like adjusting the flow of gas to a car.
main clause with a comma . Choice D is used to indica te that the following
information is different from what has preceded.
Distractor Explanation:Choke A is incorrect
so it effectively warns the reader of the contrast to
bee.a.usewith no punctuation) the reader does
come.
not know where the main clause begins. Choices
C and D are incorrect because a single dash or Distractor Explanation: Choices A and B are
a colon should follow an independent clause, incorrect because they show that even though one
but the first person has no active verb ("'written" thing happens, another also happens. They do
modifies the noun "pape r.") not establish that the discussion is highlighting
a difference between two things which might
happen even if the other did not. Choice C
22. Level: Easy I Doma in: STANDARD ENGLISH
is incorrect because it is used to add more
CONVEN TIO NS
information along the same idea to the preceding
Skill/Know ledge: Boundaries
argument, not change to a contrasting thought.
Key Explanation: Choice D is the best answer.
The main clause starts, "a lyric soprano has .. .."
24. Level: Easy Doma in: EXPRESSION OF IDEAS
The other words at the start of the sentence
modify the main clause, so need to be divided
with commas . "For example" is one separate idea Key Explanation: Choice B is the best answe r.
that qualifies that the sentence is an illustration There is a contrast in the sentence behveen "some
of the previous claim. "Among operatic voices" administrative roles" and the rest of people who
restricts the discussion to voices that are used in do social work. Choice B is used at th e start of a
the opera. dependent clause to show a contrast between the
clause it introduces and the main clause of the
Distractor Explanation: Choice A is incorrect
sentence.
bec.auseit has no punctuation separating the
differentelements of the sentence from each
I
Distractor Exp lanation: All of the other choices the event and by doing so, to honor it. Here.
can be eliminated because they do not make the the memorial commemorates the employees of
clause that they introduce dependent on a main LMWR killed in the First World War.
clause; the clause can still stand on its own as a
sentence. As a result , the sentence is left with two Distractor Exp lanations: Choke 8 is incorrect
main clauses joined by a comma . a type of run - on bee.a.useto idolize is to respect or admire someone
sentence called a comma splice . extensively. He re, the memorial has been built to
remember martyrs and not only to show respect.
Choice C is incorrect beca use "'celebrate " is not a
25. Level: Easy I Doma in: EXPRESSION OF IDEAS
word used to describe the purpose of a memorial.
Skill/Know ledge: Transitions
Choice D is incorrect because the memorial has
been built for the fallen LNWR employees and
Key Explanation: Choice C is the best answer .
hence. cannot overlook or ignore them.
The pas.sage is structured ·with the first sentence
defining the diet and the second sentence giving
a reason to doubt that it is effective, a reason 27. Level: Medium I Doma in: EXPRESSION OF
not to follow it. The final sentence gives another IDEAS
reason to question whether the diet should be Skill/Know ledge: Rhetorical Synthesis
used. Choice C is used to introduce an additional
argument for the same topic ) so fits the context Key Explanation: Choice C is the best answer .
well. The author wants to emphasize "rarity"' or the
fact that there are very few of the saola. The idea
Distractor Exp lanation:Th e other choices can that they have been seen only four times in thirty
be eliminated because they are not used to add years indicates that they are hard to find. In other
more detail on the same topic. Choice A is used words , there are probably not many because
for a time se ries, but there is no indication that the presumably scientists have been wanting to look
lack of research was followed in time by scientists for and study them.
being concerned . Choi ce 8 is used to stress that
the previous point may be true . but that the Distractor Exp lanation:Choice A is incorrect
following. opposing argument is more reasonable . bee.a.useit does not emphasize the "rarity" or
Therefore , it does not fit the context of two "'unusual nature " of the animal. It is possible that
concordant ideas. Choice D is used to introduce many hunters have such skulls in their homes and
a logical conclusion based on what information is the scientists only recently realized some were
already given, not to bring up new ideas. unusual. Choice B is incorrect because it could
just mean saola are hard to raise in captivity. There
could be a huge number living in the mountains
26. Level: Medium I Domain: INFORMATION
in that region. Choice D is incorrect because it
AND IDEAS
does not say anything about how common the
Skill/Know ledge: Inference
saola are; it only describes their name
Key Explanation: Choice A is correct because to

commemorate something means to remember

I READINGAND WRITING Answers & Explanations Module2
I
I. Level: Medium I Domain: CRAFT AND trees that do not notice anything. Choice B means
STRUCTURE "trivial " or "unimportant ," so does not describe
Skill/Knowledge: Words in Context what the trees do to a change in the people under
them. Choice D is incorrect because it refers to a
Key Exp lanat ion: Choke D is the best answer lack of thinking or perception of the environment
because "'broader " is a comparative adjective that around something. Altho ugh trees do not think ,
shows the difference behveen the tourism business Marianne is talking to them as if they were
and the destination. The paragraph shows that the animate c reatures that might perceive things if
tourism business contains many different aspects they wanted to.
than just the sites : it also includes "transportation ,
hotels and guest accommodations , and services
that link the various components of a trip ." Choice
STRUC T URE
D refers to something that covers a wide range of
topics or deals with many elements of something .
so accurately shows that tourism de.als with many
Key Exp lanation: Choice D is the best answe r
more elements than just the destination .
because "fume" refers to one of the things relating
to the way that Adam amassed millions of dollars
Distrac .tor Explanation: None of the other
in Wall Street. The other things are "fuss" or
choices effectively establishes the relationship
"commotion ," "applause " or "praise ;· and "ill ·will"
between the tourism business and the destination .
or "hard feelings.• Choice D refers to anger that is
Choice A refers to something that is more
often related to a conflict , so aptly shows that he
noticeable or clear. Choke 8 refers to something
was very aggressive or hurt others as he "'charged
that is not detailed or only covers the main points.
in" and made money .
Choice C refers to something that is wide in
physical space .
Distractor Explanation: None of the other
choices fits the list of emotional qualities reflecting
what happened to Adam on Wall Street. Choice A
refers to waste gasses. Choice B to an unpl easant
2. Level: Medium I Domain: CRAFT AND smell t and Choice C to waste products .
STRUCTURE
Key Exp lanat ion: Choice C is the best answer STRUCTURE
beca use "'insensib le'' is a verb that shows what the Skill/Knowledge: Text Structure and Purpose
trees do to the "any change in those who walk"
under them . Choice C means "not notke ," so it Key Expl anation: Choice D is the best answe r.
correctly shows that the trees do not notice that The topic sentence points out that "'sometimes
different people are present. behaviors have underlying reasons that are not
initially apparent ," and then gives Mischel's
Distrac .tor Explanation; Choice A refers to an
experiment as an example. The differing results of
unconscious state , especially when someone is Watt's experiment show that a fuller analysis might
sick or injured. Therefore ) it does not apply to reveal previo usly unconsidered explanations
s.rom 65
I READING AND WRITING Answers & Explanations Module2
I
for a behavior such as deciding to wait to eat a the reaction of people accepting the c up; it says
marshmallow . the cup is easy to break.

bee.a.use, w hile Watt's experiment revealed a flaw
STRUC T URE
in MischelS experiment , there is no indication
Skill/Koowledge: Text Structure and Purpose
that "most" experiments are flawed. Choice B is
incorrect because the passage does not say th at
Key Exp lanation: Choice A is the best answer
all experiments should be performed more than
because the definition explains what a median
once; it only gives an example of a situation where
wage is. This definition clarifies that not all
a second expe riment revealed more info rm ation
planners earned the median figure of S73,050. It
about a topic. Choice C is incorrect beca use
also explains why a total of 20% of the planners
the passage does not say there is a "significant
earned less than S45,180 or more than S I 14,170. If
problem" in the way we understand willpower
the reader did not know the definition of median
now; th e passage points out that a previous
wage, then the reason for the wide range in
prob lem in understanding was rectified
sala ries might not make much sense .
5. Level: Medium I Domain: CRAFT AND Distractor Explanation: Choice 8 is incorrect

STRUCTURE because the autho r does not imply that the median
Skill/Know ledge: Text Structure and Purpose wage is "insufficient" or "not good enough. " The
median wage does not give all the necessary
Key Explanation: Choice D is the best answer details to know the range of salaries, but offers a
because the c up of liber ty is something that "your valid middle point to use as a point of reference.
old masters " hold for the slaves . The imagery The definition s hows how the data can be used to
shows that th e cup can be "dash[ed ) from yo u" so better understand the salary that could be earned
that it is unclea r when the "scattered contents" or as a planner. Choice C is incorrect because there
"freedoms " will be given back. In oth er words, th e is no "reason" or "cause" given to explain why
image ry emphasizes the "'precarious"' or "unstable" planners earn different amounts of money . Choice
nature of the freedoms. It is very easy to throw D is incorrect because there is no link between
aside or break the gains that have been made. sala ry earned and number of jobs . Therefore , a
definition of how the salary in th e passage was
Distractor Exp lanation: Choice A is incorrect calcu lated does not support or prove that there
bee.a.useLincoln is not saying that th e Union is will be more jobs in the future.
"generous "' or "willing to give a lot.'' He is saying
that a poor decision ·will remove everything
that has been given so fur. Choke B is incorrect
STRUC T URE
because the c up of liber ty is what "your old
Skill/Koowledge: Cross - Text Connections
masters ;' who are slave •owners in Louisiana) hold
for slaves. The cup of liberty is not the advances
Key Exp lanation: Choice B is th e best answer
of the Union, only of Louisiana. Choke C is
because the conclusion of Text 2 is that researchers
incorrect because the imagery does not incl ude
need to develop a new drug to treat depression .

I
The author of Text 1 would probably respond desires of the Indians to "'protect and restore our
with "reservation' ' or "some doubt " because she tribal homelands and the Indian way of life." The
promotes behavioral activation , a non - invasive policy did not "'deny,., or "remove » rights from the
method that does not use any medications at all, Indians . Choice D is incorrect because there is no
to retrain the brain into positive patterns. She indication of how well the policy has upheld its
probably would encourage avoiding invasive goals.
methods like introducing drugs into the body if
possible.
9. Level: Easy I Domain: INFORMATION AND
IDEAS
Distrac .tor Explanation: Choice A is incorrect
beca use the author of Text 1 indicates that
behavio ral activation is successful. She does not
Key Explanation: Choic,e C is the best answer
discuss any other method of treatment ) so it is
because the passage says that the narrator's "way
impossib le to tell if she would say that "most •
lay along the canal embankment ." which shows
treatments do not work. Choice C is incorrect
that he was on the embankment because it was
beca use the author of Text 1 does not refer to drug
the "'r oute,., or "way" he needed to go. The first line
performance at all Choice D is incorrect because
says the reason he was taking that route was, "I
there is not enoug h information to tell whethe r
was going towa rds my lodgings ." "Q uarters " and
the author of Text 1 "contends " or "argues" that
"lodgings " both refer to the place whe re one lives,
drugs are "unacceptable " or "not allowable ." She
so he was he.aded towards his quarters.
may agree that drug therapies should be attempted
when other methods fail. Distractor Explanation: None of the othe r
choices are supported by evidence from the
8. Level: Medium I Domain: INFORMAT ION AND passage. Choice A is incorrect because , although
IDEAS the embankment was usually deserted , "at that
Skill/Knowledge: Central Ideas and Details hour you never meet a soul," there is no proof that
he was trying to avoid other people. Choice B is
Key Exp lanat ion: Choic<! A is the best answer incorrect because he went on his walk to escape
beca use Keel describes the "vision" or "dream" the pressures of the city, but the embankment
of the Indian's "predecessors " or "earlier people; • was on his return trip as he was going home to
then states that "'This vision was shared by the his lodgings . Choice D is inco rrec t beca use the
U.S. Cong ress in 1934 when it passed . .. the Indian embankment was usually deserted , so that is not a
Reorganization Act." In other words , Keel feels place that he would have looked for excitement or
that the vision was "'shared " or "'in keeping " - both adventure.
mean "the same' '- with each other.
Distrac .tor Explanation: Choice 8 is incorrect

IDEAS
beca use Keel indicates that the IRA was written
by the government . not by the predecessors ,
even though the goals were the same. Choice
C is incorrect beca use the policy matched the
because "placement " refers to "location. " The
s.rom 67
I
passage directly states that "environmental 12. Level: Easy I Domain: INFORMATION AND
impacts ·will very much depend on .. . the loc.ation IDEAS
selected" Skill/Knowledge: Command of Evidence
(Quantitative )
Distractor Exp lanation: None of the oth er
ch oices are supported by evidence from the
Key Exp lanation: Choice A is the best answer
passage. Choice B is incor rect because , although
because the claim is that there "is huge variability
the passage does say that moving parts can kill
within tree pop ulations ove r time." In oth er words .
wildlife , it does not say th at is the most important
C lark is stressing how much of a change there is.
factor when determining environmental change.
Choke C is incor rect because the studies revealed Choice A accurately uses info rm ation from the
how the system affects th e environment , but do grap h to explain that one species inc reased greatly,
not c hange th e effects. There is no discussion at all thus supporting the claim.
of Choice D, the tota l energy genera ted.
Distractor Explanation: Choice 8 is incorrect
because it shows stability rather than variability
11. Level: Hard I Doma in: IN FORMATIO N AND
or change . Choice C is inco rrect beca use it is
ID EAS
extreme ly vague and does not show change within
the species' composition . It only s hows th at
(Textual)
there is more of one species th an another ) and
Key Explanation: Choice B is the best answer. those pe rcentages could have remained constant.
The scientists' conclusion is that "the carnivore Choice D is incorrect because it incorrectly says
probab ly appeared very much like the unrelated there was a "decrease' ' rather than an "increase " in
Ty rannosaurus rex." Choice B gives a detail abo ut the number of oak t rees. There were more 5,000
the "appearance " or "how it looks" th at s how that years ago . .. which is a more recent time than
there is a similarity: both species had a head that 10,000 years ago.
was "oversized " or "very large" when compared to
the rest of the body. Therefore , they both looked
like they had big heads .
13. Level: Medium I Domain: IN FO RMAT IO N AND
IDEAS
Distractor Exp lanation: Choice A is incorrect Skill/Knowledge: In ferences
bee.a.usea long separation of time could mean
that the dinosaurs had evolved in different ways Key Exp lanation: Choice A is th e best answer
and looked very different. Choice C is incor rect because the fact th at "any information about
bee.a.useit s hows a way th at the dinosaurs looked those people that may differ from you - for
different rather th an a way that they are similar. examp le, th e part of the country where they live"
Both dinosaurs were large) but T. rex would must be included implies that the information is
have ) in gene ral, been much larger. Choice D essential for interp reting the data. Since th e data
is incorrect because it only s hows a similarity in is related to earnings claims and the percentage
diet. It is possible that two carnivo res have very of people who actually reached the earnings ,
different physical characteristics or appearances then it can be reasonably inferred that differences
while still eating the same food in environment affects th e earnings . Since

I
"'demographic factors .. are differences between because there is no discussion of replacing local
parts of the population, those are important to cultures and traditions with new ones; if anything.
estimate if one person will earn the same amount "cultural stereotypes "'IIbe exploited" implies that
as other investors . some cultural details "'IIbe preserved to share
with tourists.
Distrac .tor Explanation: Choke 8 is not
supported by the passage. The earnings claims
must incl ude the dates that earnings were
CONVENTIONS
achieved . but the re is no evidence regarding how
Skill/Knowledge; Form . Structure, and Sense
often the document is "updated" or "rew ritten." It
is possib le that the same doc ument could be used
Key Explanation: Choice A is the best answer.
for many years. Choice C is incorrect because )
It is a singular word which refers to "one more ,"
while some selle rs may be happ y to provide
which in the context refers to "one artist other
evidence abo ut their claims . there is no indic:ation
than yourself." It fits the idea of sampling music
th at "most" do not want to give the document
from someone who is not yourself.
to the buyer. Choice D is incorrect because the
parag raph says that any sellers of a franchise must Distractor Explanation: Choice B is incorrect
provide th e document , not every building for sale. because , while it can be used to refer to different
artists that are not yourself, it needs a plural noun .
14. Level: Medium I Domain: IN FORMAT IO N AND "artists .. as there is no "'the.. in front of it. Choice C
IDEAS is used to describe all other artists. but the context
Skill/Knowledge: Inferences is referring to taking work from one, as seen in
the sing ular "copyright to that work." Choice D
Key Exp lanat i on: Choice D is the best answer
is incorrect because it is used as an object on its
beca use the passage says that one problem of
own, not with another noun like "ar tist ..
tourism is that there could be "'divisions and social
friction ," meaning conflicts, as a result of the
"'disparity .. or "difference " between tourists and 16. Level: Medium I Domain: STANDARD
the workers who get lower pay. In other words, ENGLISH CONVENTIONS
the local workers could become "resentful" or Skill/Knowledge; Form . Structure, and Sense
"dissa tisfied " because of the difference in wages.
Key Explanation: Choic.e C is the best answer.
Distractor Explanation: None of the other The underline modifies the following word,
choices are s upp orted by evidence from the "guilty;• which is an adjective describing "'person ...
passage . Choice A is incorrect because there Choice C is an adverb, so is properly used with an
is no indication about which members of the adjective.
community are employed. Choice B is incor rect
beca use. while some regions might not benefit Distractor Explanation: Choices A and D are
immediately from tourism because development
money is spent on "'schools or dinicst the passage
implies that tourism is a good choice for Africa
beca use it creates jobs. Choice C is incorrect
I
incorrect because they are adjectives. so should 19. Level: Easy I Domain: STANDARD ENGLISH
not be used to describe another adjective. They are CONVENTIONS
used when referring to nouns. Choice B is a noun, Skill/Knowledge: Boundaries
so should not be used to modify another part of
speech. Key Explanation: Choice A is th e best answer. In
this text, "and"joins two verb phrases. "worked. .."
and "publis hed .. .." Two verbs should not be
17. Level: Medium I Doma in: STANDARD
divided by commas if they share the same subject;
ENGLISH CONVENTIONS
in this case, "Kenyan ¾'Titer Ngugi wa Thiongb''
Skill/Know ledge: Form, Struct ure, and Sense
does both actions. There should also not be a
comma behveen the verb "published " and its
object, "A Grain of Wheat in July."
An apostrophe and s are used to show possession
for one person; in this case, the deat h of ).R.R.
Distractor Explanation: Choices B and D are
Tolkien.
incorrect because there should be no comma
after "Nairobi" because the "and" joins two verbs
with the same subject. Choices C and D are
bee.a.useit is too ambiguous; it could refer to
incorrect because there should be no comma after
either Tolkien or his son. Choice B is incorrect
"published ." A comma is needed between a verb
bee.a.useans fonns a plural noun, but does not
and a quote only when the quoted information
indkate possession. Choice C is used to show
is a complete sentence, not when the marks are
the possession of more than one pe rson, but the
indicating the title of a book .
context implies that Tolkien died and his son was
still alive to publish the manuscript.
CONVENTIONS
ENGLISH CONVENTIONS
Skill/Know ledge: Form, Struct ure, and Sense
Key Explanation: Choice B is th e best answer.
When additional information is included in a
sentence using two dashes, then the main part of
"Smaller than our sun• is a modifier th at should be
the sentence sho uld remain grammatically correct.
followed by the noun it refers to, in this case, "th e
By removing the aside, it is easier to determine
red dwarf star HD2606Ss.•
that the proper sentence structure uses the idiom
Distractor Expl anation: All of the othe r choices "cite XX as YY." Choice B completes this structure.
are incorrect because the modifier at the start of

Distractor Explanation: All of the oth er choices
the sentence illogically desc ribes the incorrect
are incorrect because they create a g rammatically
noun. ln Choice A) "smaller than our Sun" refers
incorrect main clause. Choice A places t\vo nouns
to the generic "there." In Choice B, it refers to
"only 33 light years," and in Choice Ci t refers to
"our solar system."

I
in a row without any particle or preposition divides "his lifetime''from the two prepositions
showing how they relate to each other. Choices C that refer to it. is incorrect bee.a.usea single dash
and D add an additional subject (which or they) should follow a complete sentence, but "during" is
and verb. dangling .
21. Level: Easy I Domain: STANDARD ENGLISH 23. Level: Easyl Domain: EXPRESSION OF IDEAS
CONVENTIONS Skill/Knowledge: Transitions
Key Explanation: Choic.e B is the best answer
Key Exp lanat i on: Choice D is the best answer. because the passage is discussing two kinds of
The idiom "as XX as YY" should have no dogs that track people in different ways. Choice B
punctuation dividing the elements from each sets up the idea that the following information is
oth er; th ey are part of the same idea. going to be very different from what precedes. so
it effectively shows that the two dogs work under
Distractor Explanation: All of the other choices
can be eliminated because they divide the two methods that are distinct.
standard idiom "as XX as YY" with punctuation.
Distractor Explanation: Choices A and C are
Choices A and C are inco rrect because a colon
incorrect because they are used to show the result
and a single das h in a sentence should follow
of an argument. However. the fact that air- scent
a complete clause, but th e idea in front of the
dogs sniff an area is not the result of the discussion
punctuation is incomplete. Choice B is incorrect
that trailing dogs follow a specific scent. Choice
because commas are used to divide separate ideas
D is used to introduce more information on the
from the main clause.
same topic, so erroneously makes the reader think
the discussion will continue with more details
22. Level: Easy I Domain: STANDARD ENGLISH about trailing dogs.
CONVENTIONS
24. Level: Easy I Domain: EXPRESSION OF IDEAS
Key Exp lanati on: Choke D is the best answe r. Skill/Knowledge: Transitions
"Both" refers to the two ideas "during his lifetime"
and "after his lifetime:• No punct uation sho uld Key Explanation: Choice C is th e best answer.
separate the parts of an ide,i joined by "both ;' Choice C is used to prO\rideemphasis for a
especially as the shared idea of" lifetime" is preceding claim by adding details th at support
incl uded at the end. that claim. Choice C therefore fits th e context of
adding the detail that males are physically not
Distractor Explanation: All of the other choices capable of drinking blood to th e more general
include unnecessary punctuation. Choke A preceding claim th at they do not drink blood.
makes the preposition "during" stand on its own
without a noun to clarify it; there needs to be Distractor Explanation: Choice A is used to show
something specifying "during what." Choice B a logical conclusion of an argument that is being
developed, but th e fact that males do not have a
I
special mouth is not necessarily the logical result can be eliminated as redundant.They include
of not drinking blood; it is more of a cause. It is words with the same meaning as "accelerating;·
possible for th e males to have the special mouth distracting the reader from the point of th e
but not use it. Choice 8 is used to summ arize sentence.
items in a list or conclude a section in a passage,
but in this case, there is an additional idea which
27. Level: Hard I Domain: EXPRESSION OF IDEAS
follows: mosquito, get energy from plants. Choice
Skill/Knowledge: Rhetorical Synthesis
D is incorrect because it is used to add the specific
example that illustrates a claim. However) the Key Explanation: Choice B is th e best answer.
passage implies that there are more reasons for not The student emphasizes the second bullet that
drinkin g blood than th e mouth shape. Rather, th e Ch er explored different styles by highlighting th e
reason is that they don't need the protein. point that the two songs are of different styles.
25. Level: Easy I Domain: EXPRESSION OF IDEAS Distractor Explanation: None of th e other
Skill/Know ledge: Rhetorical Synth esis choices highlights a common feature. Choice
A only says that the songs were performed at
Key Explanation: : Choice D is the best answer. different times. Choice C refers to a song and a
The w riter wants a st rong word that shows a television series, but there is no unifying theme
st rong need to do something, and Choice D about why those are notable. Choice D also refers
emphasizes the idea of obligation or necessity. to hvo unrelated facts: the reader does not know
how or why they are significant
bee.a.useit only shows that something is possible)
not that it is necessary to do. Choice 8 indicates
that there is no doubt that th e act will occur in
the future , as opposed to stressing the fact that
it needs to be done. Choice C is much milder
than Choice D, giving the indication that
making changes is a possibility or option, but not
imperative.
26. Level: Medium I Domain: EXPRESSION OF

ID EAS
Skill/Know ledge: Rhetorical Synth esis
Key Explanation: Choice B is the best answe r.

"Accelerating" incl udes the idea of getting
increasingly fast or g reater over time, so no
additional words are needed.
Distractor Exp lanation: All of the othe r choices

I
I.
MATH

Answers & Explanations Module 1
of the 280 people in the school, 19 are male

I
Skill/Knowledge: Linear equations in one variable teachers and the probability of selecting a male
Testing point : Solving equations with one variable 19
teacher is .
280
Key Exp lana ti on: Choke B is correct. This
Distractor Explanatio n: Choice B is incorrect
question can be solved in two ways. The most
since it is the probability of choosing a teacher
efficient way to solve the equation is to factor out
given that he is alread y male. Choice C is
the 4 from the left side of the equation yielding
incorrect, since itS the probability of choosing a
4(x + 4) =24 . Dividing both sides of the equation male given that he is already a te.acher. Choice D
24 is incorrect as it is conceptually incorrect because

by 4 yields (x + 4) = , which equates to
4 it mixes students and teachers.
(x+4)=6, which isC hoiceB.
The second way to solve this equation is to 3. Level: Easy I Domain: ADVANCED MATH
subtract 16 from both sides of the equation . The Skill/Knowledge: Nonlinear equations in one
result is 4x+l6-l6=24-l6 which in turn variable and systems of equations in two variables
translates to 4x =8 . Dividing both sides of the Testing point: Solving absolute value equations
equation by 4 gets x = 2. However , the question

Key Explanation; Absolute value equations
asks for the value of x + 4 , and not x) which ·will
usually have two solutions. The first step would be
then be 2 + 4, or 6.
to remove the parentheses and set up two linear
Distrac .tor Explanation; Choice A is incorrect as equations as follows:
this is the value of 4x when 16 is subtracted from 2x - 3 = 11 and 2x - 3 =- 11

both sides of the equation. Choice C is incorrect To solve for x in the first equation, add 3 to both
as this is the value of x. Choice D is incorrect as sides of the equation as follows:
this answer may be the result of a conceptual error
2x - 3+3=11+3
or miscalculation.
2x= 14
x=7
2. Level: Medium I Domain: PROBLEM-SOLVING
To find the second solution solve for x in the
AND DATA ANALYSIS
second equation by adding 3 to both sides of the
Skill/Knowledge: Probability and conditional
equation as follows:
probability I Testing point: Conditional
probability 2x - 3+3= - 11+3
2x= - 8
Key Exp lana ti on: Choice A is correct . Given that x= - 4
there are 35 teachers in the school) according to
Thus, the positive solution for xis 7.
the table, there are 16 female teachers. Thus, the
number of male teachers in the school is 35 - 16
= 19. The number of people in the school is found 4. Level: Easy I Domain: ALGEBRA
by adding the number of teachers to the number Skill/Knowledge: Linear functions I Testing
of students as follows: 245 + 35 =280. Therefore , point: Perpendicular lines
I MATH
Key Explanation: Choice C is correct.

I
•
toget x·-6x+9+y 2
+4y=36 + 9 .Next,
Perpendicular lines meet at 90- degree angles
working with just y' + 4 y , with a = I and b = 4,
and have opposite sign reciprocal slopes. Putting
the given equation into slope - intercept form
y = mx +b by dividing all terms by 5, yields
add ( J fJ or ( to both sides of the equation
4 toget x'-6x+9+y'+4y+4=36 +9+4or

y =- y + 3 . The m in the slope- intercept fonn
5
49. Next, factoring x' -6x + 9 yields (x - 3)'
of the equation represents the slope of the line.
4 , and factoring y' + 4y + 4 yields (y+2)', to get
Therefore, the slope of the line is and the
5 (x-3)'+(y+2)' =49
-5 Therefore, the center of the circle will be (3, -2).

opposite reciprocal slope is - , which is the slope
4
of the perpendicular line.This makes Choice C the Distractor Explanation; Choke A is incorrect
only correct answer. because if the standard form of a circle equation is
read incorrectly then ( -I,, -k) would be incorrectly
Distractor Explanation: Choice A is incorrect determined to be the center of the circle. Choice
as the line would be parallel to m rather than D is incorrect as the x and y coordinates have
perpendicular as the lines have the same slope. been reversed.Choice B is incorrect as this is the
Choices 8 and D are incorrect as they are the negative of incorrect Choice D.
negative of the perpendicular slope.
6. Level: Hard I Domain: ADVANCED MATH

5. Level: Medium I Domain: GEOMETRY AND Skill/Knowledge: Equivalent expressions I Testing
TRIGONOMETRY point: E.x:ponentsand matching coefficients
Skill/Know ledge: Circles I Testing point:
Standard form of the equation of a circle and Key Explanat ion:
completing the square (8'}' x4 "' =((2')')' x(2')" =2',' x2"
This yields 2h.Ju,.. using exponent rules.

Key Explanation: Choice C is correct. To find the
center of the circle, first transform the equation to 2
.,,
.....,.. = 2"''" usmg
. exponent ruIes.
its standard form (x-li)' + (y-k)' = r' , where 2
(Ii, k) is the center of the circle and r is its radius. Therefore)
To get the equation in standard form, complete the 3x'+4x=ax'+bx
square. To do this. first, rearrangethe terms in the
a=3
equation to have all the x'sand y's near each other
as follows: x' -6x + y' + 4 y =36 . The standard
2 7. Level: Medium I Domain: ALGEBRA
form of a quadratic equation is ax +bx+ c Next)
Skill/Knowledge: Linear inequalities in one or
working with just x' -6x , with a = 1 and b = -6, two variables I Testing point: Solving systems of
add ( J Jor ( to both sides of the equation

line.arinequalities
Key Explanation: Choice B is correct. The most

I MATH Answers & Explanations
efficient way to solve the problem is to substitute

Module 1
Distractor Explanation: Choice B is incorrect as

I
the given answe r chokes into the system of the x coordinate is moving to the right, not the
inequalities and see which answer makes both left. A student may pick this option if he or she
inequalities valid. Plugging in Choice A into the assumes that since h has reduced by 2 units it is
first inequality yields moving to the left. Choice C is incorrect bee.a.use
- 6 (- 2) +3 < - 4 the y coordinate is moving dovm not up. Choice

D is incorrect . This incorrect answer may be
12 + 3 < - 4
selected if the student transformed g(x) onto j(x)
15 < - 4, which is false. Plugging in Choice B into instead of the other way around.
the first inequality yields - 6 (4) + 3 < 7
- 24 + 3 < 7 9. Level: Easy I Domain : ADVANCED MATH

- 21 < 7, which is true. Next, plug Choi ce B into Skill/Knowledge: Nonlinear functions I Testing
the second inequality which yields point : Identifying the equation of an exponential
7 <4+6 function from a graph
7 < 10. This is true , making Choice B the correct Key Explanation: Choice D is correct. The graph
option. depicts an exponential growth equation, which
has its standard equation y =ab \ where if in
Distrac .tor Explanation; Choice A does not work
an exponential growth equation b> I , then the
as shown above. Plugging Choice C into the first
equation represents exponential growth . The
inequality yields
value of a in the equation represents the initial
- 6(- 2)+3 < 1 value of the equation when x= 0 . Using the
12 + 3 < 1 process of elimination, choices A and C can be
ruled out as their b values are less than 1 and
15 < 1, which is not true . Plugging Choice D into
thus represent exponential decay. not growth.
the first inequality yields
Choice A can also be ruled out as it gives an initial
- 6(- 2) + 3 < - 4
value of 5 whereas the graph shows a smaller
12 + 3 < - 4 initial value. Choice D is correct as it is the only
15 < - 4, which is not true . equation that shows that the graph is increasing
exponentially and has a y-inf ercept of less than 5.
8. Level: Hard I Domain: ADVANCED MATH Distractor Explanation: See the process of
Skill/Knowledge: Nonlinear functions I Testing elimination answer explanations above.
point; Transformations of quadratic equations
Key Exp lana tion: Choke A is correct . The vertex 10. Level: Medium I Domain : GEOMETRY AND
form of the equation of a parabola is y = (x - Ii)' + TR IGONOMETRY
k , where (Ii , k) is the vertex of the parabola. Thus, Skill/Knowledge: Right triangles and
the vertex of the j(x) equation is (3, 8) and the trigonometry I Testing point : Similar triangles
vertex of the g(x) equation is (5 , 5). Therefore, the and use ofSOHCAHTOA
x coordinate moves to the right 2 units from j(x)
to g(x). and they coordinate moves dovm 3 units.
Key Explanation: Since triangle DEF and triangle

Module 1
Skill/Knowledge: Two-varia ble data: models and

I
PQR are similar, angles F and Rare congruent. scatte rplots I Testing point: Exponential function
Therefore, sin R = sin F. Therefore using interpretation
SOHCAHTOA th e sin of an angle is equal to the
length of the opposite side to th e angle divided by Key Explanation: Choice B is correct. The 3
the length of the hypotenuse of the triangle. Thus, in the exponential equation above represents
the growth factor. It indicates a tripling of the
the Sin of Fis 2-. bacteria. ½'hen t= 14 the growth factor in the
13
..
equation becomes 3i.i ,which is 3, and therefore
11. Level: Easy I Domain: PROBLEM- SOLVING at t= 14 days th e amount of bacteria triples. There
AND DATA ANALYSIS are 14 days in two weeks which makes Choice B
Skill/Know ledge: One-var iable data: the correct answer.
distributions and measures of center and spread I
Testing point: Finding the mean Distractor Explanation; The equation for an
exponential model is y=ab", where a represents
Key Explanation: Choice B is correct. To find the initial amount of the data. Choice A is
the average of a set of data, divide the total sum incorrect because a=2,034 would represent the
of the values of the data by the number of items. amount of bacte ria at th e beginning of the study
The average of the SAT scores of the 7 students is and not the given term. Choic.e C is incorrect
1,320. Therefore, the sum of their scores would because it assumes that the model is linear,
be 1,320 x 7 = 9,240. Adding in the SAT score of
however, the model is exponential Choi ce D is
the 8th student, the new sum of the SAT scores
incorrect as this answer gives rp(t) and not the
¾ill be 9,240 + 1,460 = 10,700. The new average given term in the equation.
l0,700
SAT score will be - -= 1,337.5 , which is 1,340
8
rounded to the nearest tens place. 13. Level: Easy I Domain: ALGEBRA
Skill/Knowledge: Linear equations in one variable
Distractor Explanation: Choice A is incorrect Testing point: Linear equation with no solutions
as this is the average of the average SAT scores of
Key Explanation: The first step is to use the
the 7 students and the score of the new student distributive prope rty to expand o ut the terms on
(1,320 + I, 460) the left side of th e equation as follows:
. Choice C is incorrect as this is the
2
S(x +3) - 3(2 - x)
mean score if the new higher score is subtracted
Sx+ 15 - 6+3x
from the sum of the current sum of scores and
divided by 6. Choice D is incorrect as this answer Combining like terms on the left side of the
incorrectly assumes that the new score will be the equation yields 8x + 9
new average SAT score. Therefore, for the equation below to have no
solutions. the lines represented by both sides of
the equation need to be parallel, and thus have
12. Level: Easy I Domain: PROBLEM- SOLVING
the san,e slope and different y -i11tercepts.Since the
AND DATA ANALYSIS

I MATH
equations are in s lope - inte rcept form

Answers & Explanations
y = mx +
Module 1
15. Level: Medium I Domain: GEOMETRY AND

I
b, with different y-i11tercepls,th e slope of th e line TRIGONOMETRY
represented by &x + 9 is 8 and thus p = 8. Skill/Knowledge: Circles I Testing point: Finding
the length of a minor arc
14. Level: Hard I Domain: ALGEBRA

Key Explanation: Choice A is correct. The length
Skill/Knowledge: Systems of two linear equations
of the minor arc is found by using th e form ula
in two variables I Testing point: Finding the
number of sol utio ns in a system of equations !!,_nd.where th eta is the measure of the cent ral
360
angle and dis the diameter of the circle. Therefore,
Key Exp lanat i on: Choice D is correct. To
compare the equations, do math operations to get the length of minor arc AB is }2.ir (l2) =2 .4;r
th e equations in th e s lope-inte rcept form y = mx 360
+ b, where m is the slope of the line and b is th e which is Choice A.

y-i11tercept. First , simplify the second equation by
D istractor Explanation: Choice B is incor rect
dividing out a 2 from all terms to get: -3x = -4y
as it gives the area of the minor secto r AOB.
+ 16. Adding 4y to both sides of the equation and
Choice C is incorrect as it is the circumference
adding 3x to both sides of the equation yields 4y
of the w hole circle. Choice D is incor rect as it is
= 3x + 16. Dividing all terms in the equation by 4
12n ;r
to get .1t .mto s Iope-mte · Ids y = -3 x
. rcept '1orm y1e 360
=
6
and may be d ue to a calculation error.
4
+ 4. Adding -3x to both sides of the first equation
16. Level: Medium I Domain: ADVANCED MATH
yields -4y = -3x + 16. Dividing all terms in the

Skill/Knowledge: Equivalent expressions I
Testing point: Matching coefficients
equation by - 4 yields y = ! x - 4. Looking at the

4 Key Explanation: (x + 3)2 is equal to
revised eq uations the lines have the same s lope but

(x + 3) x ( x + 3). Using the foiling method to
different y-i11tercepts,making the lines parallel. multiply out th e terms, yields x' + 3x + 3x + 9,
Parallel lines do not intersect, and therefore there or r + 6x + 9. Using the distributive property,
- 2(x' +6x+9)+6= - 2x' - 12x - 18+6,which
is no solution to the sys tem of equations .
is equiva lent to - 2x' - l 2x - 12 =ax'+ bx+ c.
Distrac .tor Explanation: Choice A is incorrect Therefore , c = - 12.
beca use to have one sol ution, the slopes of both
equations s hould not be equa l, and they are. 17. Level: Easy I Domain: GEOMETRY AND
Choice 8 is incorrect because linear systems TRIGONOMETRY
cannot have 2 sol utions . Choice C is inco rrect Skill/Knowledge: Lines, angles, and trian gles I
beca use to have infinitely many solutions the Testing point: Midpoint between two points on a
equations would need to represent the same line line
and thus be the same (th e slopes and y-i11tercepts
of th e two lines would be the same); they are not. Key Explanation: Choic,e C is correct . To find
the midpoint behveen hvo points on a line (x,.y,)
and (x1 , y,). use th e midpoint coordinates formula

Module 1
Key Explanation: Choice A is correct . To find

I
x,+x, y, +y,) J(.2), substitute 2 for all values of x in the equation
( 2 ' 2 as follows:
Therefo re the coordinates of th e midpoint ofline (2)2 - 20(2) + 9 =- 27.

segment AB can be found from the following To find 1/(2)1 take the absol ute value of - 27 which
. 6+x 1 IJ +y 2 . is 27, or Choice A.
equatmns : - - =8 and --- = 10. Usmg
2 2
cross products, solve x1 + 6 = 16, or x2 =10, and y2 Distractor Explanation: Choke 8 is incorrect
+ 11 = 20, or y 1 =9. Therefore, the coordinates of as the question requires the absol ute value of the
point Bare (JO, 9). function val ue and not the function val ue itself.
Choices C and D are incor rect and can be arrived
Distractor Expl anation: Choke A is incorrect at through miscalculations.
and is found when the midpoint formula is used
incorrectly with (8, JO) and (6, 11) as the points.
20. Level: Easy I Domain: PROBLEM-SOLVING
Choice B is incorrect and is found by subtracting
AND DATA ANALYSIS
in th e midpoint formula instead of adding. Choice
Skill/Knowledge: Percentages I Testing point:
D is inco rrect and may be arrived at through a
Percentage increase and decrease
conceptual error.
Key Explanation: Assume that the initial

18. Level: Easy I Domain: ADVANCED MATH price of the oil was x. The price of oil after th e
Skill/Know ledge: Nonlinea r functions I Testing 20% inc rease would be I .2x. This price is th en
point: Finding the number of sol utions to an decreased by J4%. Thus, 86% of th e oil price
absolute value equation remains and thus 0.86x l.2x =l.032x . This shows
that after the two changes, the price of oil has
Key Explanation: Choice A is correct. Since th e increased overall by 3.2%.
absolute value is equal to zero, the only value th at
makes the absol ute value equation equal to zero is
21. Level: Easy I Domain: GEOMETRY AND
x = - 3. Thus, there is only one sol ution.
TRIGONOME TRY
Skill/Knowledge: Circles I Testing point: Area of
Distractor Exp lanation: Choice B is incorrect as
a circle insc ribed in a square
to have hvo sol utions the absol ute value must be
equal to a positive number . Zero is not a positive
Key Explanation: Choice C is correct The length
number . Choice C is inco rrect beca use for an
of a side of the squa,e is equal to the diamete r of
absolute value to have Osolutions. it must be equal
the circle. The area of a circle can be found using
to a negative number and zero is not a negative
the form ula rrr. where r is the radius of the circle.
number . Choke D is incorrect as there is enough
information to answer the question. The radius of a circle is half of its diameter , so th e
19. Level: Easy I Domain: ADVANCED MATH

radius of the circle is
4
f or Therefore , the
Skill/Know ledge: Nonlinea r functions I Testing

point: Absolute value and value of a function
I MATH Answers & Explanations Module 1
I
area of the circle is (2J2fx ;r or 8n .
Therefore, p=8.
Distrac .tor Explanation: Choice A is incorrect.

This is the value of the area of the square and not
the circle. Choice B is incorrect. This is the value
of two times the diameter of the circle. Choke
D is incorrect. This is the value of the area of the
circle if the radi us is equal to 8.
22. Level: Medi um I Domain: ALGEBRA

two variables I Testing point: Solving a linear
inequality
Key Explanation: Choice B is correct. To solve,

first add x to both sides of the equation to get:
- 2x + 6:;; 2. Next, subtract 6 from both sides of
th e equatio n to get
- 2x:;; - 4 Finally, divide both sides by - 2 which
flips the inequa lity sign yielding:
x ~2 xis, therefore, greater than or equal to
2. O nly Choice B is not in the domain of the
equation.
Distrac .tor Explanation: Choices A, C, and D are

inco rrect. These answer c hokes are solutions to
the inequality and answer the o pposite of what the
question is asking.
I
I.
MATH

3. Level: Medium I Domain: ALGEBRA

Module2
I
Skill/Know ledge: Nonlinear function s I Testing Skill/Knowledge: Linear inequalities in one or
point : Sum of the solutions two variables I Testing point: Solving for a linear
inequali ty
Key Explanation: Choice C is correct. The
equation represents a quadratic in the form Key Explanation: To solve the inequality, first
ax' +bx+c , where a=3, b=9, and c=- 27. The subtract 2 from both sides to get: - 2y + 2 - 2 < 6
sum of the solutions to a quadratic equation is -2
given by the formul a ( ~ ) ,Therefore, the sum of Next, divide both sides by - 2 to get: y > - 2
Note that multipl ying or dividing by a negative
the solutions of the quadratic equation would be
number in an inequality flips the inequality sign.
(-: ),o r - 3. - 1 is the least possible integer value of y which
satisfies the ineq uality y > - 2.
Distractor Expl anation: Choke A is inco rrect
asit is(;;). not- (;)- ChoiceB is incorrect 4. Level: Easy I Domain: ADVANCED MATH
Skill/Knowledge: Nonlinear equations in one
bee.a.useit is the product of the solutions to the
variable and systems of equations in hvo variables
quadratic equation and not the sum of them. The
Testing point: Discriminant and solving for linear
product of the solutions of a quadratic equation is
and quadratic equations
7
given by the formula (;), which is ( -: ) or - 9.
Key Explanation: Choice A is correct. Using
Choke D is incorrect as it is the negative of the the substitution method) substitute the first
product of the solutions. equation for yin the second equation yielding:
1
2x- 5=2 x -18x+45
2. Level: Easy I Doma in: ADVANCED MATH
Next, subtract the 2x from both sides to get
Skill/Know ledge: Equivalent expressions I -5 = 2x' -20x + 45 . Add 5 to both sides of
Testing point: Combining like terms
the equation to get 0- 2x' - l8x + 50. The
discriminant of a quadratic equation is bi - 4ac
Key Explanation: Choice D is correct. First,
, when the quadratic equation is in the form
distribute the negative to the terms in the
ax 2 +bx + c. ln the quadratic equation a= 2,
parentheses as follows:
b =- 20, and c =50. The value of the discriminant
3x' y + 5x - 3x' y' + 2x' y . Combining like terms
determines the number of solutions for a
yields 5x' y + Sx - 3x2 y' which is Choice D when quadratic equation . Therefore, plugging in the
the terms are arranged in standard fonn . values of a) b) and c into the discriminant, yields:
(-20)' -4(2)(50) which yields 400 - 400 =0
Distractor Expl anation: Chokes A and Care
Therefore) the system will have one solution as the
incorrect due to miscalculation or lack of concept
discriminant = 0.
knowledge. Choice B is incor rect. The sign
changes of the terms in the parentheses when the Distractor Explanation: Chokes A and C are
negative sign is distributed to these terms and the incorrect) most likely due to a miscalculation.
parenthesis is removed.

Choice D is incorrect Quadratic equations can't

Module2
Key Explanation; Choke D is correct. The area

I
have an infinite number of solutions. of a t riangle is found by the form ula A = x
2
base x height. Since the answer is required in ft
squared,we will need to conve rt any lengths of the
5. Level: Easy I Domain: ALGEBRA
sides of the triangle that are in inches to feet.
in two variables I Testing point: Solving linear Therefore, 10 inches can be converted to feet by
I 10
systems using elimination or substitution multiplying it by - , which gives - feet. This
5 12 12
reduces to ft
Key Explanati on: Choice A is correct. The most 6
efficient way to solve the system of equations is to Using the are.a of a triangle formula, the are.a is
subtract the t\vo equations resulting in x + y = 9. 1 5
- X - X 24 = 10
2 6
The system of equations can also be solved using
the elimination or substitution methods to find x Distractor Explanation: Choice A is incorrect
and y individually and then adding the values of x as this is the area of the trian gle with out having
and y to find the answer. converte d any of the side lengths to feet. Choic,e
B is incorrect as even tho ugh the measurements
Distrac.tor Explanation; Choke B is incorrect have been converted to feet) the formula for the
as it is the value of x only and not x + y. Choice area used was base x height which is not the
D is incorrect as it is found by the sum of the correct formula. Choice C is incorrect as this
two equations which instead yields 5x - 3y = 13, is the area if all the side lengths were in inches
which does not give th e value of x + y. Cboic" C in stead offeet.
is incorrect as it is due to a miscalculation or a
conceptual error.
6. Level: Easy I Domain: GEOMETRY AND Testing point: Subtr actin g fractio ns with variable
TRIGONOMETRY denominators
Skill/Knowledge: Right t riangles and
trigonometry I Testing point; Trigonometric Key Explanation: Choic,e C is correct . All the
identities given answer choices have one term) and not
two like the original expression. Thus, the hvo
Key Explanati on: There is a trigonometric fractional expressions need to be combined
identity which states that sin x = cos (90° - x) into one fraction by getting them both ove r the
Therefore, sin 32° = cos 58° and thus cos ss-o = least common denominator. The least common
0.55 1. denominato r of the two terms is x (x - 4). To get
both terms over the least common denominator
( x-4)
7. Level: Hard I Domain: GEOMETRY AND the first term needs to be multiplied by --
( x- 4)
TRIGONOMETRY
X
Skill/Knowledge: Lines, angles, and triangles I and the seco nd term needs to be multiplied by -
X
Testing point: Conversion of measurements and
, yielding
area of triangles
=6. Multiplying
Module2
all terms of the equation by 3 to

I
-S(x-4) x(x)
x(x-4) x(x-4) better match the form of the answer choices yields
9x + 3y = 18, which matches Cboic<! B.
Since the denominators of the fractions
are equal, the numerators can be Distractor Explanation; Choke A is incorrect
combined over a single fraction as follows:
as this equation represents a line with a positive
1
-S(x-4)-x(x) -Sx+20-x slope . From the graph the slope of the line is
x(x-4) x2 -4x negative . Choice C is incor rect because the slope
which is Choice C. of the line is -3 and not 2. Choi ce D is incorrect
because the slope of the line is -3 and not -4 .
as the question asked to simplify the te rms and
not solve for anything . Choices B and D are
Skill/Knowledge: Nonlinear functions I Testing
incorrect and may be due to a conceptual error or
point: Finding y - i11tercept
miscalculation.
Key Explanation: They - intercept occurs where x

9. Level: Easy I Domain: ALGEBRA =0, y - 7 = 3°- 5. Anything to the power of zero
Skill/Knowledge: Linear equations in two = I, soy - 7 = 1 - 5. Adding 7 to both sides of the
variables I Testing point: Identifying linear equation to solve for y yields y - 7 + 7 = I - 5 + 7,
equations from graphs y= 3.
Key Explanation: Choice B is correct. The

slope-intercept equation of a line is y = mx + b, 11. Level: Medium I Domain: ADVANCED MATH
where m is the slope and b is the y-i11terceptof
point: Finding the value that makes a function
the equation. The slope III of a line can be found
undefined
using the equation m = (y, - Y,) , where (x,, y,)
(x,-x,)
Key Explanation: Choic<! C is correct A function
and (x1, y,) represent any two points on the line. is undefined when the denominator is equal to
0. To find what values of x make this occur, solve
Pick two points on the line that are easy to find
on the graph . The x and y intercepts of the line are
the equation x'-2x-15 = 0 for x. Use the grouping
method of factoring to determine what two
two good points to use. Using points (2, OJ and (0,
numbers multiply to - 15 but add up to -2. The
6), the slope of the line can be found by plugging
two numb<!rs would be -5 and 3. Thus, the middle
these points into the slope formula , yielding
tenn of the quadratic equation can be written as
(6-0) 6
(0- ) , or _ = -3. The y-i11tercept ofthe line -5x + 3x, instead of -2x as follows: 2 - 5x+ 3x-
2 2
l 5=0. Grouping the terms and factoring out the
is 6. Therefore y = -3x + 6. All ofthe answer
greatest common factor of each group, yields x(x
choices are ·written in an offset of the standard
- 5)+3(x - 5)=0 (x+3)(x-5) = 0, x = -3, and x
equation of a line nx + by= c. Adding 3x to both
= 5. Only the solution to the quadratic equation
sides of the slope-intercept form of the equation
x= -3 meets the question condition that x be less
gives the standard equation of the line as 3x+ y
than zero. Thus, C is the correct answer.

I MATH
Distrac.tor Explanation; Choice A is incorrect

Answers & Explanations Module2
is the result of a miscalculation in solving for the

I
since this is the positive x value of the solution x-intercept.
and the value needs to be less than zero. C hoice B
is incorrect as it gives the negative value S, which
13. Level: Hard I Domain : ALGEBRA
could be the result of factoring incorrectly . C hoic.e
Skill/K nowledge: Linear functions I Testing
D is incorrect. It may be due to a miscalculation.
po int: Transformationsand Solving for function
values
I 2. Level: Medium I Do main : ALGEBRA
Skill/ Knowledge: Linear functions I Testing Key Exp lana tio n: The function j(x + 3) is moved
point; Finding the x-intercept given two points to the left by 3 units , therefore we should also
move the x value in f(x) to the left by 3 units to get
Key Explanation: Choice A is correct . /(3) =- 1 2 - 3or/( - l)
and/(4) =-3 represent the x and y values of two Therefore /(- 1) is found by substituting - 1 into the
points on a line . The points are (3, - 1) and (4, -3).
equation for x as follows:
To find the x-intercept of the line represented , the 5(- 1) - 17= - 22.
equation of the line first needs to be determined .
The slope-intercept form of the equation of
14. Level: Hard I Domain : PROBLEM- SOLVING
the line) y = mx + bis easiest to use. In this
equation, m representsthe slope of the line and AND DATA ANALYSIS
b its y-i11tercepl. The slope of a line can be found Skill/Knowledge; Ratios, rates, proportional
relationships , and units I Testing po int:
using the slope formula 111 =(y, - Y,) . Plugging Calculating average speed with unknown variable
(x,-x,)
in the two points into the slope formula yields Key Explanation; Choke 8 is correct. Average
-3-(-1) speed is calculated by taking the total distance
m=-~~ 2.
4-3 traveled divided by the total time to travel that
Therefore the equation of the line is:, y =-2x + b. distance.
To find b, plug either point into the equation and The total distance traveled would be x + x = 2x
solve for b. Using the point (3, - 1) yields The total time taken would be 2.5 hrs+ 1.5 hrs =
4 hrs
- I= -2(3) + b , - I= -6 + b, b =5.
2x X
Therefore, the average.speed = - =-
Therefore the equation of the line is y =-2x + 4 2
5. The x- intercept of a line occurs where y =
Distractor Explanation: Ch oice A is incorrect
0. Plugging in zero for y into the equation and
as it does not account for the fact that there is a
solving for x gives the follmving x-i11tercepr.
return trip. Choice C is incorrectas it incorrectly
5 accounts for the time it took Amber to do her
0 = -2x + 5, 2x=5 ,x=2.5 or-.
2 errands. Choice D is incorrect as it may be due
Distrac.tor Explanation; Choke B is incorrectas to a conceptual error or the student incorrectly
this is they -intercept. Ch oice C is incorrect as this found the total distance traveled .
is the slope of the line. Choice D is incorrectand
s.rom 83
I MATH

I
25
25. It can therefore be extrapolated that - of all
TRIGONOMETRY 48
Skill/Know ledge: Area and volume I Testing the students in the school donot practice sanitary
point: Perimeter of a rectangle
routines. The refore (~)x2,280 or 1,187.5
Key Explanation: Choice B is correct. If the
students. This rounds up to 1,188 students .
width of the rectangle is w, the length would
be w+ 3 . The area of a rectangle can be found
by multiplying the width of the rectangle by its 17. Level: Medi um I Domain: ALGEBRA
length . Skill/Knowledge: Linear functions I Testing
Therefore the area of the rectangle would be point; Linear transformations
w( w+ 3) =2 8 . Using the distributive property , the
Key Explanation: Choice D is correct. To move
equation can be expanded out to:
one unit up) l is added to the equation. To move
w'+3w=28
I unit to the left, 1 is added to the x term in the
w'+3w - 28=0 equation as follows
Factoring the equation yields ( w+ 7)( w - 4 )= 0 y=2(x+ l )+I
Setting both factors of the equation equal to 0 y=2x+2+ 1
results in w= - 7 and w=4. Since the width of
y=2x+3
a rectangle cannot be negative, - 7 is not a valid
width for the rectangle. Therefore the width of the Distractor Explanation; Choke A is incorrect as
rectangle would be 4 and the length would be 4 + 3 this is moving the line to the right I unit and up
or 7. The perimeter of a rectangle is found by the by l unit Choke 8 is incorrect as this is moving
form ula P=2(/+ w). Plugging in the dete rmin ed the line only up by one unit and not moving it to
values for wand I yields the left. Choice C is incorrect as this answer may
2(7 +4)= 22 or Choic.e B. be due to a conceptual issue.
Distractor Explanation: Choice A is incorrect as

18. Level: Medi um I Domain: ADVANCED MATH
this value is th e sum of th e length and the width
Skill/Knowledge: Nonlinear equation in one
and not t\vo times the sum. Choice C is incorrect
variable and systems of equations in two variables
as this is half the area. Choice D is incorrect and
Testing point: Finding the vertex of a parabola
may be due to conceptual error.
Key Explanation: Choice D is correct. The

16. Level: Easy I Domain: PROBLEM-SOLVING standa rd form of a parabola is represented by the
AND DATA ANALYSIS equation y = nx1 + bx + c. In the equation given)
Skill/Know ledge: Inference from sample statistics a= 2, b = 8, and c = 12. The x coordinate of the
and margin of error I Testing point: Inference
vertex is found using the formula ( ;: ) . Thus,
from sample statistics
Key Explanation: The students surveyed who

c;))=-2
do not practice sanitary routines are (48 - 23) =

Distrac .tor Explanation; Choice A is incorrect as

Module2
21. Level: Easy I Domain: PROBLEM-SO LVING

I
this is the product of the solutions to the quadratic AN D DATA ANALYSIS
equation. Choice B is incorrect as this is the sum Skill/Knowledge: Evaluating statistical claims:
of the solutions to the quadratic equation . Choice observationa l studies. and experiments I
C is incorrect and is found by incorrectly using Testing point; Observational expe rimen ts
Key Explanation: Choic.e D is correct. This

statement is true because it is not certain th at
19. Level: Easy I Domain: ADVANCED MATH takin g supplements would directly equate to an
Skill/Knowledge: Equivalent expressions I Testing im provement in stude nt performance. It is not
point; Long division and remainder th eorem known if all othe r variab les were kept constant.
Therefore, a direct cause- and - effect relationship
Key Exp lanati on: 8 is the remainde r when x? -
cannot be determined. Also. the sample size is too
6x + IO is divided by x + 2. When the divisor is
small to generalize to a larger population.
equated to 0, we find x = - 2, we can th en find the
remainder by substit ute - 2 in place of x
Distractor Explanation: Choices A, B, and C
(-2' -6(-2 }+ IO)whic h yields 26, this is the are incorrect. These statements are false and
value ofB. im ply th at the re is a relationship betwee n stude nt
performance and taking suppleme nts.

TRIGONOMETRY 22. Level: Easy I Domain: ALGEBRA
Skill/Knowledge: Lines, angles, and triangles I Skill/Knowledge: Systems of two linear equations
Testing point: The pythago rean theorem in two varia bles I Testing point: Solving for
system of lin ear equations
Key Exp lanat ion: Choice B is correct. The
Pythagorean theorem states that the sum of
Key Explanation: Choke A is correct. The most
th e squares of the lengths of th e sides of a right
efficient way to answer this question is to not solve
triangle is equa l to the square of the length of the
the system of equations for x and y individually,
hypoten use of th e triang le, or a'+ Ir =c. Plugging
in 11 for a and 6 1 for c yields I I'+ b' =61' but rather to s ubtract th e seco nd equation from
the first, yielding - x + y = - 5. Therefore y - x = - 5.
lr=61' - II '
b' =3,721 - 121 Distractor Explanation: Choice B is incorrect.
Ir= 3,600 This is the negative value of optio n A and is d ue to
Therefore, b =60. a calculation mistake . Choice C is incorrect. This

is the value of y. Choice D is incorrect This is the
Distractor Explanation: Choices A and D value of x.
are incorrect and may be due to conce ptual or
calculation errors. Choice C is incorrect and
can be found by adding 61' + 11' and finding
th e square root instead of s ubtracting the two
numbers .
s.rom 85
Chapter 3
Practice Test 2
My Score Card (Raw Score)

Out ol 27 27 22 22
My Score
Time Taken

Module
1

The questions in this section address a number of important reading and writing skills. Each
question includes one or more passages, which may incl ude a table or graph . Read each
passage and question carefu lly, and then choose the best answer to the question based on
the passage(s). All q uestions in this section are multiple-<hoice with four answer choices.
- Hyraxesare small, furry, herbivorousmammals

with short tails that live primarily in Africa;
one species is also found in the Middle East.
- The following text is adapted from a publication
by Jefferson Keel's 2011 publication , "The Indian
Reorganization Act- 75 Years Later: Renewing
These little animals spend time in trees or rod.-y our Commitment to RestoreTribal Homelands
outcrops. They __ resemble guinea pigs, but in and Promote Self- determination .•
reality, are much more closely related to se.a cows
and elephants. Today, the Indian Reorganization Act (IRA)
is as necessary as it was in 1934. The purposes
Which choice completes the text with the most
of the I RA were frustrated first by World War
logical and precise word or phrase?
II and then by the termination era. Work
did not begin again until the I 970s with the
A) logically
self- determination policy , and since then ,
B) customarily Indian tribes are building economies from the
C) superficially ground up.
D) universally As used in the text, what does the word

"'frustrated,. most nearly mean?
A) annoyed
B) unfulfilled
C) dissatisfied
D) thwarted

Module
1
- The following text is adapted from Mother Jones's

..The following text is from Frances Hodgson
speech to coal miners in \,Vest Virginia in 1912 Burnett's I 905 novel "A Little Princess: •
The guards of the mining companies beat, If Sara had been older or Jess punctilious
abuse, maim, and hold up citizens without about being quite polite to people, she could
process of law; deny freedom of speech, a have explained herself in a very few words.
provision guaranteed by the Constitution; But as it was, she felt a flush risingon her
deny the citizens the right to assemble in cheeks. Miss Minchin was a very severe
a peace.ablemanner for the purpose of and imposing person) and she seemed so
discussing questions in which they are absolutely sure that Sara knew nothing
concerned. whatever of French, that she felt as if it would
be almost rude to correct her. The truth was
As used in the text, what does the word that Sara could not remember the time when
"provision"most nearly mean?
she had not seemed to know French.
A) allocation Which choice best states the function of the

B) arrangement underlined sentence in the text as a whole?
C) contingency
A) It gives a description of the physical
D) requirement appearance of one of the characters.
B) It establishes why one of the characters was
not comfortable in the situation.
C) It reinforces an emotional state alluded to in
the previous sentence.
D) It introduces the interaction behveen hvo
charactersin the following sentences.
Module
1

Melville's 1851 novel, "Moby Dick; or The vl'hale."
-
The following text is adapted from F. Scott
Fitzgerald's 1922 novel, "The Beautiful and the
Damned ."
Now, when 1say that 1 am in the habit of
going to sea . .. I never go as a passenger; nor. At fifty-seven years old Adam Patch
though 1 am something of a salt, do 1 ever go determined, after a severe attackof sclerosis,
to sea as a Commodore, or a Captain, or a to consecrate the remainder of his life to the
Cook . 1 abandon the glory and distinction of moral regeneration of the world. He became
such offices to those who like them . No, when a reformer among reformers. He levelled a
I go to sea. I go as a simple sailor, right before varied assortment of uppercuts and body •
the mast, plumb down into the forecastle. blows at liquor. literature.vice, art, patent
aloft there to the royal mast -head. True, they medicines, and Sunday theatres. From an
rather order me about some, and make me armchair in the office of his Tarrytownestate
jump from spar to spar, like a grasshopper in a he directed against the enormous hypothetical
May meadow. And at first, this sort of thing is enemy. unrighteousness. a campaign which
unpleasant enough. But this wears off in time. went on through fifteen years, during which
he displayed himself a rabid monomaniac. an
The narrator brings up the analogy of a unqualified nuisance, and an intolerable bore.
grasshopper to anticipate which of the following The year in which this story opens found
arguments? him wearying; 1861 was creeping up slowly
on 1895· his thoughts ran a great deal on the
A) A regular cre\1/ member does not receive Civil War, somewhat on his dead wife and
enough compensation. son, almost infinitesimally on his grandson
BJ The duties of a simple sailor are sufficient to Anthony.
occupy that person's time.
Which choice best states the function of the
C) The narrator should try to work his way up to underlined portion in the text as a whole?
a position as an officer.
D) It is important to obey orders from a superior A) It indicates that Adam Patch was living in the
officer aboard a ship. past rather than the present.
B) It provides a reason Adam Patch did not
reflect often on the deaths of his wife and son.
C) It offers the reason that Adam Patch dedicated
most of his time to campaigning against vices.
D) It clarifies the previous claim that Adam Patch
was an intolerable bore.

Module
1
- The following text is adapted from Tien Nguyen's

2019 publication, "Antibodies Reverse Synthetic
Opioid Overdoses in Mice."
- Why does the sky turn red at sunrise and sunset?
The reason is Rayleigh Scattering, which is
actually the same effect that you see in a rainbow
when light hits rain. Light travels in waves, with
Medical professionals have only one red waves being the longest visible light and blue
treatment option) a drug called naloxone, being the shortest. The shorter the wave, the
against acute opioid overdoses, which is a easier it scatters into differentdirections. During
growing problem that in 2017 killed more the day, the Sun shines directly down on the
than 47,000 people in the US. The fast- acting atmosphere, so all wavelengths enter and the sky
treatment. sold as Narcan. races towards looks blue to a viewer. However, when the Sun
the brain where it blocks opioid receptors, gets lower on the horizon , the light is traveling
denying the drugs access to them . But through a much larger distance of the atmosphere
naloxone breaksdown afterabout an hour, to reach the same place on the Earth'ssurface.
which allows a relapse into overdose unless At that angle, many of the shorter blue waves get
the drug is re- administered. Naloxone'sshort scattered into outer space) and only the longer,
lifetime also makes it less effective against red waves, which travel in a straighter line before
powerful synthetic opioids like fentanyl and being scattered, reach the viewer.
carfentanil, which are 100- and 10,000- fold
stronger than morphine, respectively. \<Vhy does the author mention a rainbow in the
text?
VVhkh choice best explains why naloxone is not
completely desirable as a solution for patients A) To explain where waves of light originate
who have overdosed on opiates?
B) To offer an example that the reader might
recognize
A) Naloxone is only able to protect a patient for a
limited period. C) To present an exception to a general rule
B) Naloxone is more expensive than other D) To show why blue waves scatter more easily
available treatment options. than red waves
C) Naloxone offers no results for overdoses of
many opiate drugs .
D) Naloxone has harmful side effects which can
injure the patient
Module
1
- The following text is adapted from Fyodor

Dostoevsl-y 's 1848 collection of stories . "\.Vhite
Nights nnd Other Stories."
- Most of the population in Sub- Saharan Africa
works in subsistence agriculture to make a living
and feed their typically large families. In recent
decades . there has been enormous rural- to-
Leaning on the canal railing stood a urban migration to the major cities. which are
woman with her elbows on the rail. she was extremely overcrowded. At the center of the main
apparently looking with great attention at the business districts are modern high- rise business
muddy water of the canal. She was wearing a offices well connected to the global economy, but
verycbannini;yellow hat and a j.mmtxlittle outside are slums with no services and miserable,
black mantle. "She's a girl, and I am sure she is unsanitary conditions. The informal sector
dark, · I thought. She did not seem to hear my of the economy - that which is not regulated ,
footsteps, and did not even stir when I passed controlled. or ta.~ed- has become the primary
by with bated breath and loudly throbbing system of doing business. The lack of government
heart. I was taken aback when I realized she regulation prevents taxes from being assessed or
was not just gazing at the water) but sobbing collected, which, in tum. diminishes support for
uncontrollably . public services or infrastructure.
In the text, what is the main function of the words Based on information from the text, which of the
"charming" and "jaunty"? following would best illustrate a transaction that
occurs in the informal sector of the Sub- Saharan
A) They show that the girl's true age belied her economy?
outward appearance.
B) They establish that the girl was not suitably A) A farmer trades several chickens for enough
clad for the weather. wood to build a house for his newly- married
son.
C) They identify the reason for the narrator's
interest in the girl. B) An international corporation from Denmark
invests money in erecting a new school in a
D) They highlight a contrast between the girl's rural are.a.
appearance and her actions.
C) A governor uses tax money to build a bridge ,
but hires a construction company owned by a
good friend.
D) A young man from a rural area moves to a
large city because he wants to find a better job.

Module
1
Ill
The US Cities with the Greatest Percentage of Residents who Commute by Bicycle
7-----------------
6
5
4
3
2
I
0
2010 2015
Based on data from the US Census Bure,iu
Why do people ride bicycles to work' Weather is not everything, as there is an

annual average of 156 days of rain in the top commuting city. Portland)Oregon.
Making cycling safer by adding protected bike lanes c,in increase ridership .
Another option is making bikes more accessible, such as was done in the District
of Columbia, which added 400 bike share depots since 2010. The success of such
programs is evident: __
Which choice most effectively uses data from the graph to complete the example'
A) Ridership in Washington, DC, increased from just over 2 percent in 2010 to 4

percent in 2015.
B) Washington, DC, used to have lower ridership than any other of the top five
cities for bicycle commuters in 2010.
C) Portland, Oregon, now boasts over 6 percent of commuters who ride bikes
and Washington, DC, has increased to 4 percent.
D) Washington)DC now has more bicycle commuters than San Francisco,
California or Seattle, Washington.
CONTINUE
Module
1
Ill Ill
Cumubth-enumberof b:mery•eJe<tricca.rs In A new species of salamander,Tylototriton
the UK (20l6 to date)
ph11khne11sis,was named in 2020. The defining
800,000 --------------- feature is a distinct head ridge, though it also
has head horns and a stripe down its back. A
molecular examination shows that it is closely
related to hvo of the four other Tylototrito11
species found in Thailand. First identified from
a 20- year- old photograph in a travel magazine ,
0 biologists speculated whether the species still
2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 existed in the \\aid, but __ _
I
Which choice most logically completes the text'
Source-:SMMT. December2002
According to a study released by The Society of A) had to base their assessments on the
Motor Manufacturers and Traders (SMMT), the Tylototritonspecies that were more readily
number of electric cars registered in the United available to them.
Kingdom has increased dramaticallyover the B) were able to locate living specimens that could
years, showing increasing customer preference provide enough information for a positive
for battery-electric cars over traditional cars. identification.
However) this customer preference for battery •
C) spent years vainly scouring the tropical
electric cars has not increased uniformly over the
rainforests before determining that it was
years. For instance. _____ _
probably indeed extinct .
Which choice most effectively uses data from the D) finally concluded that the photograph might
graph to complete the text? have been inaccurate or was possibly even
created as a hoax.
A) between 20 I 6 to 20 I 9, less than 200,000
battery-electric cars were registered in the UK
BJ in 2020, less than 300,000 battery -electric cars
were registered in the UK
C) by 2022, almost 700,000 electric cars had been
registered
D) while the number of registered electric cars
rose by 200,00 between the years 2020 and
2021, there was a spike of almost 300,000
additional cars registered in 2022

Module
1
Ill
Menkes disease is lethal and there is no known
cure, so most patients die within the first decade
- There's nothing like homemade red Thai chili
paste to enliven a meal . Most cooks opt for store -
of their lives, most before the age of 3. Because bought substitutes, however, because traditionally
it is so rare. few pharmaceutical companies it takes over 30 minutes of grinding ingredients
are investing in research related to the disease. such as chili pepper , lemongrass . cilantro. __
Through the NIH Undiagnosed Diseases in a mortar and pestle .
program ) we evaluated a patient who presented
clinically with abnormal hair and cognitive Which choice completes the text so that it
dysfunction. The hair abnormalities observed conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
in our patient resemble those found in Menkes
syndrome, but sequence analysis of the ATP7 A A) shallots and, lime
gene and relevant biochemical testing showed BJ shallots, and lime
that ATP7 A wasn't involved in causing our
patient's clinical features . C) shallots, and lime ,
D) shallots, and, lime

Which statement regarding Menkes disease can
be most reasonably inferred from the passage?
A) Pharmaceutical companies are irresponsible

in their attitude towards the disease .
B) Patients are usually not aware that they have

the disease until its advanced stages.
C) There are not enough patients to make the

development of a cure financially viable.
D) Giving a patient adequate ATP7 A

supplements can help reduce the effect of the
disease.
Module
1
William Shakespeare is often misquoted , but at

other times. phrases are used in a context very
different from what they were intended to be.
- Algeria marks its 53rd year of independence
this __ bitter struggle for freedom in the late
1950s and early 1960s became a central focus of
\•Vhile "'now is the winter of our __ frequently the global movement against colonialism. It also
used to mean a horrible time, it actually signals influenced the evolving fonns of oppression and
a time of change for the better in the drama resistance in apartheid South Africa.
"Richard IIJ:'
A) month , the
A) discontent."'It is
BJ month - the
BJ discontent,"is CJ month: the
CJ discontent': is
DJ month. The
DJ discontent" is
IL1
The Earth's core is __ a very valuable source
of energy, but scientists have only begun to
determine how to harness its extreme heat. which
may be 10,800 degrees Fahrenheit - about the
same temperatureas the surface of the Sun.

A) potent
BJ potency
CJ potential
DJ potentially

Module
1
m
The second smallest country by area in the world
after Vatican City. Monaco is a mere 2.1 square
kilometers . Most famous for the Monte Carlo
- Environmentalists have been trying a variety
of solutions to remove plastic waste from the
ocean. This serious problem will not be resolved
Casino , __ . In fact. Monaco is a pioneer easily, though, because the removal of waste from
in marine conservation with one of the first the ocean is a much slower process __ the
protected marine areas in the ·world. introduction of new plastic pollution.
Which choice completes the text so that it Which choice completes the text so that it
conforms to the conventions of Standard English' conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
A) there is also an oceanographic museum in the A) as

country which is world - class.
B) then
B) the country also is home to a world - class C) than
oceanographic museum.
D) to
C) a world - class oceanographic museum is also
in the country .
D) a museum of oceanography which is world -

class is also in the country .
Ill
Those who paid attention to the music
industry started to notice the decades - long
Ill trend of Billboard - topping tracks that directly

incorporated inspiration from their predecessors
Given the number of incidents involving in the form of sampling. __ Drake sampled
handguns in the past several years, politicians are Ms. Lauryn Hill, who sampled Wu Tang Clan,
considering new legislation to regulate the sale who sampled Gladys Knight and the Pips.
and possession of various firearms . Some critics
claim that rather than increase the number of Which choice completes the text with the most
laws, police should make more effort to come logical transition?
offenders.
A) Ultimately,
B) In addition ,
C) Furthermore ,
A) out of D) For example ,
B) upwith
C) down on
D) down with
Module
1
- Since it was completed in 1911, the Stoclet House

in Belgium has been among the finest examples
of the Vienna Secession of the Art Nouveau
Messier 47 is a well- known star cluster that
contains mostly massive. hot blue stars. It was first
identified in 1654 by an Italian astronomer named
style. The integrity of the exterior architecture Giovanni Hodierna. Charles Messier, without
and garden remains almost untouched. and the knowledge of Hodierna's discovery, independently
interior has undergone few changes. Even much cataloged the cluster about a hundred years later.
of the furniture is original. __ the house __ he wrote down erroneous coordinates. so
fulfills the architectural criteria necessary for a the Messier 47 remained lost until its presence
UNESCO World Heritage site, which it became in was confirmed by T.F. Morris in 1957.
2009.
Which choice completes the text with the most logical transition?
logical transition?
A) Finally,
A) Subsequently,
B) Ironically,
B) Otherwise ,
C) Specifically,
C) Therefore ,
D) Accordingly,
D) However.

Module
1
While researchinga topic, a student has taken the "Predictive analytics' is a term that is often used
following notes: with big data. In essence, the term refers to the
use of historical data and statistical techniques
I. The African grey horn bill (Lophoceros such as machine learning to make predictions
nasutus ) is a member of the Hornbill family
about the future. An example is bow Nrtflix
of mainly tropical near•passerine birds found
knows what you want to watch before you do.
in the Old World . making suggestions based on your past viewing
2. It is a widespreadand common resident ba.b.iu.It is important to note that data doesn't
breeder in much of sub -Saharan Africa and just refer to rows and columns in a spreadsheet.
the southwest of the Arabian Peninsula. but also to more complex files such as videos,
images, and sensor data.
3. The African grey horn bill has escaped or
been deliberately released into Florida , USA, The writer is considering deleting the underlined
but there is no evidence that the population sentence. Should the writer make this change?
is breeding and may only persist due to
continuing releasesor escapes. A) Yes, because it disrupts the flow of logic in the
paragraph.
4. At 45- 51 cm (18- 20 in) in length, the African
grey hornbill is a large bird, although it is one B) Yes, because the example would be better
of the smaller hombills. placed at the start of the paragraph .
C) No, because it provides a necessary transition
5. The African grey horn bill is widespread over
to new information.
much of sub -Saharan Africa. It prefers open
woodland and savannah . D) No, because it provides a concrete example to
help the reader better understand a concept
The student wants to emphasize that it is unlikely
that the African grey hornbill will rapidly
multiply in Florida. Which choice most effectively
A) The African grey hornbill is a smaller hornbill

and is easier to hunt down
B) It seems likely that the presence of the African

grey hornbill is due to a deliberate release or
escape, with no proof of breeding
C) The African grey hornbill is only commonly
found in sub -Saharan Africa where the
climate is highly unlike Florida
D) It is a tropical bird that is only widespread in

open woodland and savannah areas
Module
1
- Pierre Omidyar became one of the richest men in

the world as the founder of eBay. He has invested
large amounts of his fortune in antitrust cases
against big tech companies. He says that big tech
companiesarr overly powerful and are a danger
to democracy.
Which choice most effectively combines the

underlined sentences?
A) that he says are
B) against big tech companies , which he says are
C) against big tech companies because big tech

companies are. he says,
D) antitrust cases. which are cases against what

in his opinion are big tech companies that are

Module
2
Reading Test
- Tourism is a growing sector of the global

economy. Travel and tourism jobs are increasing
world ·wide) but Africa as a whole attracts less
- Noted for his contributions to understanding
seventeenth - century art in the Nether lands,
John Montias had a formal education in cultural
than 5 pe rcent of total world tourists. However . economics. His studies of art auction sales
Sub- Saharan Africa has a strong supply - side from the period led to breakthrou ghs in the
potential to attract tourists. Beach resorts alone understanding of the __ painte r Johannes
ere.ate a large __ . The coastal waters of the Vermeer.
Indian Ocean boast some of the finest beaches in
the world, with plenty of opportunities for water Which choice completes the text with the most
sports . logical and precise word or phrase?
Which choice completes the text with the most A) conspicuous

B) eminent
A) haul C) radiant
BJ persuasion D) absolute
C) draw
D) connection
CONTINUE
Module
2
- The following text is from The Best Plays of the

..Horses have been demonstrated to possess
Old Dramatists by Havelock Ellis. complex thought processes that involve
associations. memories . and recognition of
"The earliest known edition of The Tragical emotions in other species . For example , in one
History of Doctor Faustus is that of 1604; experiment) horses were shown photographs
there is a second edition with date of 1609, of human faces that were angry or happy. The
agreeing in almost every particular·with the people in the photographs were all strangers
first; a third edition with new scenes and to the horses Severalhours later, the actual
many alterations, was published in 1616.. . person entered the field and stood near the horse
with a neutral expression. In every case, the
It is very doubtful if any of the additions horses avoided approaching the people whose
toin the edition of 1616 are by Marlowe; Mr.
photographs had displayed anger.
Bullen thinks that some of them are. They
are often ingenious, and sometimes. they are What is the purpose of the underlined sentence in
improvements. They appear to be written by a the overall structure of the text?
clever and C;ii;w: imitator of Marlowe's style."
A) It explains how the subjects were selected for
As used in the text, what does the word "facile"
the experiment.
most nearly mean?
B) It points out that horses have a limited range
A) Accomplished of human contacts.
B) Successful C) It highlights the importance of expression in

communication.
C) Effortless
D ) It shows the researchers eliminated one
D) Superficial possible weakness in the study.

Module
2
- While life is a special kind of complex chemistry,

the elements involved are nothing special: carbon,
hydrogen , oxygen and so on are among the most
abundant elements in the universe . Complex
organic chemistry is surprisingly common .
Amino acids. just like those that make up every
protein in our bodies. have been found in the tails
of comets. There are other organic compounds
in Martian soil. And 6,500 light years away a
giant cloud of space alcohol floats among the
stars. Habitable planets seem to be common too.
The first planet beyond our Solar System was
discovered in 1995. Since then astronomers have
catalogued thousands.
What technique does the author of the text use to

build the argument?
A) Personal anecdotes
BJ Comprehensible analogies
C) Unsubstantiated theories
D) Summaries of findings

Module
2
Text 1
Chromosomes were unknown in 1834 when
-Giant anteaters are neotropical mammals that t as
their name suggests. consume ants. termites , and
grubs, though they do occasionally eat fruit. Their
Gregor Mendel proposed his classic concept
of heredity. In the late 1880s, scientists finally habitat ranges from Central to South America
could stain cell structures with the clarity to see in swamps. forests. and grasslands where their
chromosomes . Walter Sutton and Theodor Boveri . favored prey is common . The solitary foragers
in 1902 and 1903 respectively, independently have specialized tongues so they can consume
published papers suggesting that genes were thousands of ants in a few minutes after breaking
located in specific places on the chromosomes. open a nest, and they quickly abandon the site
which came in matched pairs except for the male when soldier ants emerge to protect the colony.
Y chromosome.
vl'hich choice best states the main ide,i of the
Text2 text?
Thomas Hunt Morgan criticized the Sutton -

A) Giant anteaters live alone in neotropical areas
Boveri chromosome theory of inheritance.
However, he noticed some unusual trends while that have not been disturbed by humans .
conducting experiments on fruit flies. A few B) There are fewer opportunities for giant
males had white rather than red eyes, so he bred anteaters to eat since soldier ants are more
them and observed the results. He determined vigilant.
that white was a recessive mutation which did not
C) Giant anteaters have adapted so that they are
appear in any first- generation females, though
able to gather sufficient food.
it might resurface in subsequent generations.
After careful documentation , he published his D) Despite the danger of soldier ants, giant
conclusion that eye color genes were located on anteaters prefer to eat ants over other food
the X chromosome. sources.
Based on the texts after his experiments , how

would Thomas Hunt Morgan (Text 2) most likely
describe the view Sutton and Boveri presented in
Text 1'
A) It is largely correct, but it required some

adjustment concerning minor details.
B) It is not compelling because he had definitive

data contradicting the theory .
C) It may seem plausible, but it is not supported

by scientific findings.
D) It probably holds true despite his initial

skepticism of it.

Module
2
- Scientist James Clark and graduate student Jason

Mclachlan of Duke University published findings
from a study analyzing tree pollen extracted from
- Robin Williams ( 1951-2014) has often been
considered one of the best American comedians
of all time. Famous for creating engaging
ancient lake sediments in the journal Nature. characters at the spur of the moment ) Williams
According to Clark, the purpose of their study began his career as a stand - up comic and moved
was to address a centralscientific problem in on to win many prestigious awards for his roles
explaining the diversityof tree species in a forest. in motion pictures. Everyone who knew him
"In the mathematical models ecologists use described him as full of natural talent and energy:
to describe how differentspecies compete for
resources such as light. moisture and nutrients , it
can be difficult to get species to coexist, " he said. Which quotation most effectively illustrates the
"In models , slight advantages allow one species claim?
to 'out - compete' the other, leading to extinction )
that is, loss of biodiversity. And so, ecologists have A) •williams helped us grow up." (Alyssa
put a lot of effort into trying to understand the Rosenberg)
differences among species that would allow one B) "He gave his .. .talent freely and generously to
species to coexist with another species. "
those who needed it most - from our troops
stationed abroad to the marginalized on our
According to the text. what is the primary
own streets ." (Barack Obama )
purpose of analyzing tree pollen extracted from
ancient lake sediments? C) "The world is forever a little darker , less
colorful and less full of laughter in his
A) To explore the ramifications of a mathematical absence." (Zelda Wtlliams)
model D) "He came in like a hurricane .. .there goes my
B) To isolate factors that allow a phenomenon to chance in show business." (David Letterman)
happen
C) To identify the causes of an unusual incident
D) To isolate the flaws in a common theory

Module
2
llll
Figure I: Deaths from Drug Overdoses in the
United States by Year
80000 --------------
70000 ----------
60000 ----------
50000 ----------
40000 -------------1
30000 ---------
20000 ------
10000
0 - c:::...._,___ _]__ .,__ ___,__
1999 2007 2017
prescription opioids
other opioids
non•Opioids drugs
Data from National Institute on Drug Abuse,

2019.
In a potential advance in treating opioid

overdose, researchers have developed long-
lasting monoclonal antibodies that selectively
bind potent synthetic opioids and reverse their
effects in mice. The researchers propose that
the antibodies could one day be administered
as a standalone treatment or as part of a more
effective combination treatment against opioid
overdoses. This is extremely important. given that
in 2017 alone) there were approximately__ .

graph to comp lete the example'
A) 18,000 deaths caused by any drug overdoses

B) 38,000 deaths caused by any type of opiate
drug overdose
C) 48,000 deaths caused by drug overdoses on
any opiate
D) 75,000 deaths caused by prescription opiate
drug overdoses
s.rom 107 CONTINUE
Module
2
- Population change in the EU Member States during 2019 /per 1.000 ,,,;dmrs)
50
40
30
20
10
0
-10
m,r - -
During 2019. there was an increase in population in eighteen member states. By far
the highest population increase was recorded in Malta, followed by Luxembourg,
Cyprus, Ireland, and Sweden. Conversely. __ _
Which choice most effectively uses data from the graph to complete the text'
A) the largest population decreases were recorded in Bulgaria. Latvia. Romania.

Croatia , and Italy
BJ italy recorded a negative population growth
C) only a few countries recorded an increase in population
D) 4.7 million deaths were registered in the EU in 2019

Module
2
Ill Ill
Studies have shown that a single, subanesthetic - Robert Henri (1865- 1929) was an American
dose (a lower dose than would cause anesthesia) painter and teacher who disliked the conservative
ketarnineinfusion can often rapidly relieve restrictions placed on the highly - polished art by
depressive symptoms ·within hours in people artists affiliated with the National Academy of
who have not responded to conventional Design. With several colleagues , he introduced
antidepressants.which typicallytake weeks or a new style that depicted the seedy underside
months to work. However. ·widespread off- label of urban life in a bold, realistic fashion . Critics
use of intravenous subanesthetic - dose ketamine dubbed the artists with the title of"Ashcan
for tre.atment- resistant depression has raised School" because they drew sketches in the streets
concerns about side effects. especially given its of New York and depicted dir ty snow, laundry
history as a drug of abuse. "The most common hanging out to dry, and other scenes of everyday
short - term side effect was feeling strange or life.
loop)~"' said Acevedo - Diaz, of the Section on the
Neurobiology and Treatment of Mood Disorders, Based on the text, what is most likely true about
part of the NIMH Intr amural Research Program artists affiliated with the National Academy of
(IRP) in Bethesda , Maryland . Design'
According to the text, what is the major conce rn A) They used a bold, realistic style for their
of doctors about using ketamine to control paintings.
depression for long pe riods of time?
B) They did not live or work in New York City.
A) It may not be effective when used repeatedly. C) They avoided subjects that were undignified.
B) It has serious side effects in conjunction with D) They preferred to draw scenes related to
other drugs. summertime .
C) Patients could become addicted to the drug.

D) Patients who take the drug sometimes relapse.

Module
2
Ill
Waterfallscome in many shapes. One classic
fonn is the punchbowl, such as at Eagle Falls
in Oregon. In such a __ water flows down a
- Northern New Zealand is home to some of
the oldest forests on Earth. Forests filled with
kauri, the Maori name for the Agathisaustralis
narrow chute into a wide pool at the bottom. It is tree, __ back to the Jurassic period over 135
easy to swim in the tranquil waters at the base. million years ago.
conforms to the conventions of Standard English? conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
A) waterfall A) date
B) waterfall , B) dating
C) waterfall: C) they date

D) waterfall; D) those forests date
Ill
Scott Evans is a golf ball diver. In other words,
he dives into the water hazards placed on golf
courses to collect and recycle the balls which
- While training departments try to give us what
we need to stay ahead in the competitive market,
research __ that they are also falling behind:
accidentally landed there. His job may sound fun, employees rate their Learning & Development
but it is not __ spends hours in murky water departments lower than almost any other product
and can get trapped by unseen obstacles. in the consumer landscape.
\•Vhich choice completes the text so that it Which choice completes the text so that it
A) easy, he A) are showing
B) easy; because he B) will show
C) easy. Since he C) showed

D) easy. He D) shows

Module
2
Ill 1111
Elizabeth Catlett, __ artwork is Modernist Many organizations are turning to a policy
with African and Mexican influences. was a called "job sharing" in an effort to retain good
leading figure in portraying images related to employees. Dividing one full- time job between
race, gender, and class as it was experienced by t,.vo employees __ a company to recruit
Black Americans in the hventieth century. talented workers who do not have the time or
inclination to work 40 hours every week.
A) her
A) allow
B) who
B) allows
C) whose
C) allowing
D) which
D) to allow
IB1I
The German pianist Clara Schumann (1819-
1896) is considered one of the finest performers
of the Romantic period. Her career spanned O\ler
sixty years, much of which was spent traveling
- The collection of rainwateris known by many
names throughout the world. __ from
rainwatercollection to rainwaterharvesting to
around Europe. In addition to giving concert rainwatercatchment. Rainwaterharvesting is a
performances, __ composed many works for viable technology in an urban setting, as all that
the piano. is needed to take advantage of this resource is
to capture the free water falling onto a roof and
Which choice completes the text so that it direct it to a storage tank.
A) she conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
B) her
A) They ranges
C) hers
B) Their range
D) she's
C) These range
D) The names ranges

Module
2
Ill Ill
Dandelions are usually considered to be useless Ethiopian Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed was
weeds. __ they can be used in many recipes, as awarded the 20 I 9 Nobel Pe,ice Prize for his efforts
the leaves are edible and perfect for salads. Mature to end the ongoing stalemate between Ethiopia
flowers are bitter) but young buds are sweet and and Eritrea. At the beginning of his tenure, he
taste slightly like honey. was lauded for progressive decisions. __ he
was accused of restricting the freedom of the
Which choice completes the text with the most press and detaining innocent people who held
logical transition? opposing views.
A) Therefore , Which choice completes the text with the most

logical transition?
B) Nevertheless.
C) In particular , A) Additionally,
D) Moreovert B) Accordingly,
C) Subsequently,
D) Consequently,
Ill
Guernica,a painting in oil on canvas, is one of
Pablo Picasso'smasterpiecesand arguablyone
of the most influential anti - war paintings of all
time. Though Picasso typically painted in private, __ there's something inherently appealing
he allowed influential visitors into his studio about entrepreneurs and the stories of why and
to observe the progress in order to promote how they do what they do. People are attracted
awareness of the Spanish Civil War. __ the to social entrepreneurslike Nobel Peace Prize
completed painting was exhibited around the laureateMuhammad Yunus for many of the same
world to raise funds for war relief efforts. reasons they find business leaders like Steve Jobs
so compelling- these people come up with ideas
Which choice completes the text with the most that dramatically improve people's lives.
logical transition?
At this point , the writer wants to show the depth
A) In addition , of appeal. Which choice most effectively achieves
the writer'sgoal?
B) By contrast.
C) Consequently, A) On the most basic level,

D) For instance, B) At a basic and fundamental level,
C) At a level and depth that is fundamental ,

D) On levels which are fundamental and basic,

Module
2
El
While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes :
1. Ludovico Maria Enrico Einaudi is an Italian pianist and composer who

trained at the Conservatorio Verdi in Milan .
2. He has composed the scores for a number of films and television productions
and has won several awards for his compositions.
3. Einaudi is most known for being the most •streamed classical artist of all time
with his music re.aching over 1 million streams daily, and 2 billion streams in
total.
4. His latest album Seven Days Walking: Day One has become the fastest•
streamed classical album of all time since its release on 15 March 2019. The
project is a series of digital albums released monthly over seven consecutive
months.
5. Day One intenveaves piano and string and focuses on several main themes
that will recur in different forms on subsequent albums .
The student wants to emphasize Einaudi's most well•known achievement. Which

choice most effectively uses relevant information from the notes to accomplish
this goal'
A) Among his many achievements , composer Ludovico Maria Enrico Einaudi

trained at the Conservatorio Verdi in Milan and has won multiple awards
B) He has composed for multiple films and television shows
C) Einaudi is known as the most -streamed classical artist of all time, with 2
billion streams in total
D) Einaudi has come up with highly innovative projects , including combining
recurring notes of piano and string in different albums

Module
2
- The term "ghost kitchen • may make you think

of a haunted house. In reality, it is just a physical
space to prepare food that will be eaten elsewhere.
The number of ghost kitchens is actually __ ,
since multiple brands or restaurantscan share a
low- rent space to make me.als sold on delivery
food apps.
The writer wants to emphasize how fast the

number is increasing. Which choice completes
the text and achieves the writer'sgoal?
A) multiplying
BJ inflating
C) skyrocketing
D) getting bigger
STOP

Module
1
Math
for all questions .
i.ir-iiii
e
GA= 1tr
2
CJ w
A= tw A=
b
I
blr
b~
a
c2=a2+b2
~x
•
x-13
s~

45°
s
2
C=2"r
Gh
V= f.wh
E:Ji.
V = ,rr2h
@
\I : .'.!.,r,3
3
4
\I = ½,rr2h V=
I
3
t wh
w
116
CONTINUE
PracticeTestsfor the DigitalSAT
Mod ule
1

answer from the choices provided, and then circle your answer in this book.
Circle on ly one answer for each question . If you change your mind, complete -
ly erase the circle. You will not get credit for questions with more than one
answer circled, or for questions with no answers circled.

below.
• Once you've written your answer, circle it clearly. You will not receive cred-
it for anything written outside the circle, or for any questions with more
than one circled answer.
• If you find more than one correct answer, write and circle only one an-
swer.
more.
CONTINUE
Module
1
- Ash has a walking and cycling routine. For every

minute she walks, she burn s 20 calories. And for
every minute she cycles, she burns 35 calories. If
- The graph below shows velocity (y- axis) plotted
against time (x- axis). For how many data points
is the actual value higher than the pred icted
she burns 340 calories on a particularday after values on the line of best fit>
walking for x minutes and cycling for y minutes,
y
which of the following equations best represents
her routine? I .,
'
20 - .,
A) 340 - 20x = 35y ,,
B) 35y - 20x = 340 /
/
C) 340 - 20y = 35x 10
• /
D) 35x - 20y = 340 • v-'
-
·/
-•
' X
, I - I"
A) 9
B) 6
C) 3
D) 2

Module
1
- X
-2
J(x)
30
<
2g'g' '
l
0 12 A) ef2g'
3 0
B) ef32g'
5 2
C) 2efl
Which of the following is a factor ofJ(.x)'
D) ~2g'
A) (x+2)
B) (x-3)
-
C) x
D) (x-5)
A researcher found the mean mass of all cheetahs
..
in a park . He found that the mean mass of all
cheetahs in the park is between 120 lbs and
182 /bs. What is the value of the margin of error
for the mean mass of the cheetahs in the park'
What is the value of s for the following system of
equations?
(f-5)+2(s-3)=8
2(t-5)-3(s-3) =-19
- What is the value ofJ(.6), ifJ(.2x) =9x - 7'
-
A) 20
B) 47
C) IOI
How many solutions does the equation below
have? D) 11
3(x-2)-2(x- I)= -x + 2(+2)-8
A) 0
B)
C) 2
D) Infinitely many
Module
1
- A teacher takes note of the shoe sizes for 21

students in his class and creates the table below.
Which of the following statements is true about
- If the value of the sum of interior angles of the
hexagon is bn. what is the value of b?
the data below' A) 0.25

B)
Shoe size Frequ ency
I 3 C) 4
2 4 D) 2
3 4
4 7
5 2
6
A) The mean is greater than the median

B) The mean is the same as the median
I
- What is the value when 80 is increased by 200%'
C) The median is greater than the mean A) 200
D) There isn't enough information to answer the B) 160

question .
C) 240
D) 280
11!1
What is the value of the given equation
27' + 81"' =3" ?
Ill
. I . h .
If I + -- 1s a so utlon to t e equation
2
2x' -4x- 7 =0 , what is the possible value of a'

Module
1
Ill
A real estate company kept a track of the number
.. What is the product of the roots for the equation
of houses it sold in October . Its team came up 3x2 + 6x-24=0'
with the model /J(t) =262 - St, and I represents
the number of days. Which of the following best A) 3
represents 262?
B) - 8
A) The number of houses at the end of October C) 2
B) The number of houses at the beginning of D) - 2

October
C) The number of houses sold per day in

October
D) The number of houses sold in the first 8 days

of October. m
'Nhich of the following best represents the
equation of the graph below'
20
Ill
IA
ABC is a right - angled triangle , where B is 90°
and angle C is 30°. If AC= 32, what is the area of I'
triangle ABC.
A) 128,J3 -20 -10 0 10 20

B) 128,J2
C) I6,J3 10
D) I6,J2
-20
A) y=2(x+3) 2 +10
Ill B) y=-2(x-3) 2
+ 10
If (Sxy+ 3)-(6xy-2xy' + 2) =axy' + bxy +c , 2
C) y=2(x-3) + 10
what is the value of a + b?
2
D) y=-2(x+3) + 10
s.rom 121 CONTINUE
Module
1
lf - 3(- 2 + 2x) =ax+ b, what is the value of ab'

- If !(x-5) =27, what is the value of x - 5 '
A) 41
4
B) 36
C) 81
4
Ell
D) 31
Find the averagerate of change when x = 2 and
x=O .
1n
- Which of the following coordinates would be true

for the following system of ineq ualities'
I\ y > - 2x - I
- 10 ( 10 3y<x+ 9
A) (- 2, I)
L B) ( 1,4)
C) (3, I)
D) (- 3, 3)
A) 8
B) - 8
C) 4
D) - 4

Module
2
Math
for all questions .
i.ir-iiii
e
GA= 1tr
2
CJ w
A= tw A=
b
I
blr
b~
a
c2=a2+b2
~x
•
x-13
s~

45°
s
2
C=2"r
Gh
V= f.wh
E:Ji.
V = ,rr2h
@
\I : .'.!.,r,3
3
4
\I = ½,rr2h V=
I
3
t wh
w

Module
2

answer from the choices provided, and then circle your answer in this book.
Circle on ly one answer for each question . If you change your mind, complete -
ly erase the circle. You will not get credit for questions with more than one
answer circled, or for questions with no answers circled.

below.
• Once you've written your answer, circle it clearly. You will not receive cred-
it for anything written outside the circle, or for any questions with more
than one circled answer.
• If you find more than one correct answer, write and circle only one an-
swer.
more.

Module
2
- If p and q are solutions to the equation below,

which of the following best represents p+q'
- 2-2i
If -- is equal to a+ bi . What is the value ofn>
3 + 4i
l3x - 11 =2 -2
AJ
25
I
A) 3
B) --2514
BJ
2
2 C)
CJ - 3
3
I D) -- 1
DJ 2
3
- Which of the following coordinates lie on the

circle whose equation is (x- 3J' + y' + 8 y =84 ?
- Which of the following can be the value of x for
the system of equations below?
y =2x' -9x+ 7
A) (I, 7J y=2x-2
BJ (- 2, 5J
11
CJ (- 3,4J AJ 2
DJ (3, - 6J B) - I
C)
2
-
D) ?_
2
If sin C =0.986 and cos 63= 0.986, what is the

value of C?
- What is the positive solution to the following

equation?
3l3x-2 l-l6x-4 l=7

Module
2
- Which of the following represents a line I (not

shown) which is perpendicular to the line m
(shown below)'
- In the triangle ABC (not drawn to scale) shown
below, LABC = 2x - 2 and LBAC =x + 3.
If LACD = 118°, what is the value of x'
~ 118
B C D
.5 10
1111
It takes 4 carpenters to build a bed in 3 days, how
many carpenters will it take to build the bed in 2
A) 3y=5x - 15 days?
B) 5y=3x+ l5
A) 12
C) 5y= - 3x+l5
BJ 6
D) 3y=5x+l0
C) 8
D) 24
- What is the circumference of the circle whose

equation is x' + 6x+ y' -4y = 51
A) 64,r
B) Brr
C) 14.28,r
D) 16,r

Module
2
Ill
Which of the following is equivalent to
(Sxy+3x)(x-2y)>
- If an unfair coin is tossed 20 times . and it lands on
heads 14 times. What would be the probability of
it landing on heads the 21'1 time?
A) Sx'y-6xy
A) 0.5
BJ Sx'y+3x' +l0xy'-6xy
B) 0.20
C) Sx'y+3x' -l0xy'-6xy
C) 0.3
D) -Sx' y + 3x' - 6xy
D) 0.7
Ill
What is the value of y, if 7x - 4y = 1 and
Sx+2y=8' What is the value of x - y if3y - 2x = 16 and
Sx+ y= - 6'
A) 6
B) 4
C) - 2
Ill
D) - 6
Which of the following is NOT a solution to the
following equation'
-2x,;8-x
A) - 8
BJ - 10
A student conducted research on how many fish
C) 2
there are in a pond after m months and came up
D) - 7 with the model.fix)= 1,200(1.03)• .
He wanted to have the time on the model ind

days instead, as shown below
(assuming 1 month has 30 days)
fix ) = 1,200(1.03)""
What is the value of n'

Module
2
.. If the radius of a circular cylinder is 6, what is the

Ill
volume of the cylinder if the height is twice its l
4x -3,
radius?
A) 432rr
A)
B) 864rr
B)
C) 216rr
C) 2x-3
D) 108rr
D) 2x+3
1111
1111
What is the value of the angle EOD, if the angle
DRE is 35°' lf the system of equations below has in.finite
solutions. what is the value of b?
9x - 14y= - 3
ax - by=6
E - If 3x + Sy= ax - 4x - by, what is the value of a?
A) 3
A) 70°
B)
B) 35°
C) - 5
C) 60°
D) 7
D) 55°

Module
2
Ill
Which of the following values is a solution to
inequality'
3x + 2 < - S(x + 6)
A) 4
B) 3
C) - 4
D) - 5
STOP

Answer Key

- "
"
"
0
'ij
-~-
:, ;i 19
.g
i
-
'.:I
t
" -
t: t: i: :, t:
0 0 0 0 0
u 0 u ::e V 0 u u
I. C I. C I. A I. C
2. D 2. B 2. B 2. C
3. D 3. D 3. B 3. 2r
4. C 4. D 4. 8 4. A
5. D 5. D 5. D 5. C
6. A 6. D 6. B 6. 3
7. A 7. C 7. 31 7. C
8. B 8. B 8. A 8. D
9. D 9. D 9. A 9. 39
10. A 10. C 10. 7 10. B
II. A II. C II. C II. C
12. C 12. A 12. C 3/2 or
12.
13. D 13. C 13. 3 1.5
14. C 14. B 14. B 13. B
15. B 15. D 15. A 14. D
16. D 16. A 16. 15. D
17. D 17. D 17. B 1/30 or
16.
18. D 18. C 18. B 0.0333
19. B 19. A 19. - 36 17. A
20. C 20. B 20. D 18. A
21. C 21. C 21. B 19. A

22. D 22. B 22. C 20. - 28
23. C 23. A 21. D
24. B 24. C 22. D
25. B 25. A
26. D 26. C
27. B 27. C

I
I. Level: Medium I Domain: CRAFT AND "irritated"and Choke D means "'not happy
STRUCTURE with something." Choice B is incorrect bec.ause
Skill/Knowledge: Words in Context "ful611ing"refers to something doing the act of
making another thing happen. However, it does
Key Exp lanat i on: Choice C is the best answer not 6t the context because World War II and
because the blank portion shows how hyraxes the termination era were not things that could
resemble guinea pigs. Choice C refers to "ful611"or make the IRA:s goals happen. They were
something that is only on the outside or surface) obstacles that stopped other things from ful611ing
so 6ts the context of saying that the hyra., and the purposes ofthe I RA.
guinea pig look similar, but they are not really
related.
Distrac .tor Explanations: None of the other STRUCTURE
choices accurately explain how hyraxes resemble Skill/Knowledge: Words in Context
guinea pigs. Choice A refers to something that
Key Explanation: Choic,e D is the best answer
makes sense through reasoning ) but one would
because "provision" is something that is
reason that if the hyrax is related to an elephant,
guaranteed by the Constitution) freedom of
then it should look more like one. Choice B refers
speech . Choic,e D refers to something that is
to something that happens by habit or tradition,
necessary or must happen, so it fits the context of
but appearance is not based on habit. Choice
saying that freedom of speech is a right or need to
D refers to something that happens in all cases
or everywhere, so does not establish that some be guaranteed by the highest law of the country.
people see a general similarity.

choices adequately shows what is guaranteed by
2. Level: Medium I Domain: CRAFT AND the Constitution . Choi ce A refers to the process
STRUCTURE of sharing something . Choke B refers to plans or
Skill/Knowledge: Words in Context preparations, but does not include the idea that
they must occur. Choice C is a future event that
Key Exp lanati on: Choke D is the best answer might occur but cannot be accurately predicted.
because "frustrated " refers to what World War II
and the termination era did to the purposes of the
IRA. Choice D means "blocked" or "prevented ," 4. Level: Medium I Domain: CRAFT AND
STRUCTURE
which 6ts the context of showing that events
Skill/Knowledge: Text Structure and Purpose
prevented the goals of the IRA from being
completely fulfilled; that is why it is still needed
Key Explanation: Choice C is the best answer. The
today.
underlined sentence says that Sara flushed) which
typically happens in anger or embarrassment In
Distractor Explanation: Choices A and C can be
this context, she appears embarrassed because she
eliminated because they are emotional responses ,
but "the purposes of the IRA" are inanimate and is not old or experienced enough - and was too
"punctilious• or "careful"- to explain how she felt
cannot experience emotions. Choice A means
in a few words . The fact that she flushes highlights
I
her sense of awl'lvardness and embarrassment. busy, the argument being disproved should be the
opposite, that sailors are not busy. Choice C is
Distractor Expl anation: Choke A is incorrect incorrect because the analogy of th e grasshopper
bee.a.usethe sentence only says that Sara flushed. does not show that it is necessary or not to obey
It does not explain what she looked like; she orders; the narratormerely says he does and that it
could be tall, short, dark- haired or blonde , is distas teful at first but he gets used to it.
dressed nicely, etc. Choice B is incorrect because
the underlined sentence only establishes that
Sara blushes. It does not give a reason why; the
STRUCTURE
following sentences show she could speak French
Skill/Knowledge: Text Struct ure and Purp ose
but was reluctant to tell Miss Minchin so. Choice
D is incorrect because there is no interaction
between charactersin the following sentences.
because the phrase implies that Adam Patch still
The underlined portion is expanded upon with a
felt he was living in 1861, whereas really years had
reason for blushing, not actions.
passed the times were changing. The phrase gives
a reason for him to "weary" and become tired .. .
5. Level: Hard I Doma in: CRAFT AND he had been so wrapped up in reforms, but his
STRUCTURE causes were not current or relevant any more.
Skill/Know ledge: Text Structure and Purpose His thoughts were still focused on events such as
the Civil War rather th an on everyday life or his
Key Explanation: Choice D is the best answer grandson.
because the narratordescribes his actions on the
boat) "jumping from spar to spar" as similar to the Distractor Explanation: Choice B is incorrect
jumping of a grasshoppe r. This work is because because the passage implies that Adam focused on
"'they rather order me about some"; presumably things that interested him . The fact that the wife
"'they"are the officers that are not "'simple sailors." and son died in the past is not the reason that he
He says that it is true that he has to hop around thinks abo ut them infrequently ; he doesn't really
obeying orders, but says that "at first, this sort of care about them as much as he does about things
thing is unpleasant enough" but that "this wears that happened earlier, like the Civil War. Choice
off in time."' Therefore, the analogy "'anticipates" or C is incorrect because the fact that the times
"defends against" the argument that such work is changed was the reason that his campaign against
"'distasteful" or "'unpleasant" because he says he is vices started to fade. The changing times is not
used to the role. why he started to fight against vice. Choice D is
incorrect because someone can be interesting even
Distractor Explanation: Choice A is incorrect if the times change. The reason that Adam was a
bee.a.use"compensations" refers to payment, but bore was his actions during that time.
the text does not contain references to money.
Choice B is incorrect because the question is
7. Level: Easy I Domain: INFORMATION AND
asking for an argument th at the grasshoppe r
IDEAS
analogy is used to disprove. Since the grasshoppe r
analogy is that sailors are hopping around, or

I
Key Explanation: Choice A is the best answer more easily; a rainbow just offers an image which
bee.a.use the text says that naJoxone breaks s hows th at colors separate in different ways when
dovm quickly . "after abo ut an hour." This is "not they hit something like rain or th e atmosp here.
completely desirable " or "unwanted' ' bee.a.use
it means that the drug needs to be carefully
9. Level: Hard I Domain: IN FORMATION AN D
administered and the progress of the patient
IDEAS
watched or the patient could "relapse" or "return
to the original condition ."'
Key Explanation: Choice D is th e best answer

Distractor Exp lanation: Choice B is inco rrec t
because the words "charming" and "jaunty" are
bee.a.use there is no discussion of price in the
often associated with c ute, fun things . Th ey imply
text Choice C is incorrect bee.a.use the pas.sage
that the yellow hat and black mantle were sweet
does not say that naloxone has "no results' ' for
or endea ring things th at a hap py young girl might
some drugs. It only claims that it is less effective .
we.ar, for example , to a party. However, th e girl is
meaning it has results that are not as strong. for
crying on a canal railing, so her cheerfu l clothes
"powe rful synt hetic opioids like fentanyl and
fonn a "'contrast " or "'oppositl' impression.
carfentani l."' Choice D is incorrect because the re is
no evidence of side effects related to naloxone. The Distractor Explanation: Choice A is incorrect
only negative effect implied is th at it needs to be because the passage indicates that the girl is
readministe red beca use it wears off quickly. relatively young; the narrator starts by calling
her a "woman• and shifts to "girl" after he gets
8. Leve l: Easy I Doma in: INFORMA TION AND a closer look. Cloth es described as "charming "
IDEAS and "jau nty" are suit able for a younge r person, so
Skill/Know ledge: Cent ral Ideas and Details do not "belie" or "contradict" that s he is yo ung.
Choice B is not s upported by the passage because
Key Explanation: Choice B is the best answer. there is no description of the tempe rature or
Th e text is summarizing a potentially confusing that her clothing was inappropriate; for example ,
effect that involves bending light waves. The s he was not shive ring because s he was too cold.
reader has presumably seen a rainbow, however, Choice C is incorrect because the narrator noticed
so th at image might help the reader visualize light the woman's action of leaning on a railin g before
bending when it hits the atmosphere as being noting her appearance. Her clothing is described
simila r to light bending when it hi ts rain. as he takes a closer look.
Distractor Exp lanations: Choke A is incorrect

because "ori ginate" means "begin." but light does
10. Level: Medium I Domain: IN FORMAT IO N AND
IDEAS
not begin in a rainbow. Choice C is incorrect
Skill/Knowledge: Comma n d of Evidence
bec.ause the examp le of the rainbow shows the
(Text ual)
rule or effect of Rayleigh Scattering, it is not an
"'exception " or "'not part or the rule. Choke D is Key Explanation: Choic,e A is the best answer
incorrect because the idea of a rainbow does not
because the passage defines the info rm al sector
tell the reader "why., or "the reason "' blue scatters
of the economy as "tha t whic h is not regula tedt
I
controlled) or ta.~ed."'Therefore, a situation where not know that the ridership increased afte r the
goods are bartered between people would count program started. Choice C is incorrect because it
as "informal"'because there is no money changing focuses on Portland, but there is no indication that
hands and no ta.~es paid on the exchange. Portland did anything to make cycling safer or
more accessible. Choice C also refers to DC, but
Distractor Exp lanation: Choice A is incorrect the percentage of commuters is lower than that of
Portland, so it could appear that the program was
because the projects sponsored by a foreign
not very successful. Choice D is incorrect because
investor would most likely need to go through an
the reader does not know whethe r the program
approval process and the school would need to helped make the number of commuters in DC
pass at least a bask inspection. Choice A would greater. It is possible that all along, there have been
include regulations and controls, so would be more commuters than the other cities. It is even
considered formal. Choice C is incorrect because, possib le th at ridership in DC decreased after the
while it might not be completely honest, there program started.
would still need to be nominal proof about how
much tax money was spent and what it was used
12. Level: Medium I Domain: INFORMAT ION AND
for. Choice D is weak because there is no evidence
IDEAS
in the example to elaborate on the young man's
situation . For example, he could have filed all the
(Quantitative)
correct paperwork, moved into a new apartment.
and been paying income ta.us from his new Key Explanation: Choice D is correct because
salary. it shows an example of the inconsistent growth
between the years 2020 to 2022. The previous
sentence in the text talks about how the customer
preference for electric cars has not increased
IDEAS unifo rml y. Choice D furth er illustrates this idea.
Skill/Knowledge: Command of Evidence
(Textual) Distractor Explanation: All the othe r choices
are incorrect because the text must be completed
Key Explanation: Choice A is the best answer. ·with an example that illustrates the uneven rise
The claim is that "'such programs" are successful. in customer preference for battery~electric cars.
There are two programs listed, making cycling Choic.es A and B both only state the number of
safer and making bikes accessible. There are electric cars registered between 2016-2019 and
no specific examples of increasing safety. but 2020, respectively.Choice C is incorrect because it
the passage desc ribes the details making bikes does not offer a comparison that shows an uneven
accessible by adding bike share depots in DC. increase.
Choice A shows that the program in DC, which
started in 2010, probably has strong results, as
ridership increased by over a percent in the five 13. Level: Medium I Domain: INFORMAT ION AND
years after that policy was started IDEAS
Skill/Know ledge: Inference
Distractor Explanation: Choice B is incorrect
because it only says that DC had low ridership, but Key Explanation: Choice C is the best answer.
there is no indication of change. The reader does The third sentence refers to "a molecular
examination" which established genetic

I
relationships with other species . Therefore , the does not discuss the stages of the disease or when
biologists must have had molecules from actual the disease cm be diagnosed. ft is possible that
salamanders to work with. In other ·words. they the disease could be diagnosed from right after
must have found at least one specimen in the wild birth or even through prenatal testing before any
to compare with the four Thai Tylototriton species. symptoms have appeared. Choice D is incorrect
because . while the text indicates that the disease is
Distractor Exp lana t ion: All of the other choices linked to the ATP7A gene, it says there is no cure
are incorrect because a molecular examination and there is no mention of supplements.
only of the species that were available) not using T
phukliaeusis . would not be able to determine the
molecular characteristics of T. plmkhaensis well
ENGLISH CONVENTIONS
enough to know what species are related or not.
The other choices all give scenarios in which the
scientists did not find examples of the new species
Key Exp lanati on: Choice B is the best answer.
for comparison.
The proper structure for joining a list of over two
nouns with "'and" is to place a comma after each
14. Level: Easy I Domain: INFORMATION AND of the nouns that precedes "and" In this case,
IDEAS there should be a comma after "'chili pepper; '
SkiWKnow ledge: Inference "lemongrass ;· "cilantro ," and "shallots ." No other
punctuation is needed bee.a.use"'such as .. . lime"
Key Explanation: Choice C is the best answer restricts the type of"ingredients " to specific ones
because the text establishes that the disease does that are ground together .
not have many patients: "'Menkes is a rare X-
linked disease." As a direct result of that rarity, Distractor Explanation: Choic,es A and D are
"few pharmaceutical companies are investing in incorrect because there should be no comma
research related to the disease." ln other words . after "'and"' in a list. The comma after "'shallots " is
the companies are not "investing " or "putting sometimes omitted . but would only be acceptable
money " into research because it is rare. The logical if there were no other commas in the underlined
implication is that the companies will not get portion. Choice C is incorrect because there
enough profits back from their investment; the should be no comma after "lime.• The following
process of creating a cure is "'not financially viable"' portion is necessary to the understanding of the
or "'will lose money ."' main sentence , so should not be separated with
any punctuation .
Distractor Exp lan at ion: Choice A is incorrect
because the text does not condemn the decision
of the pharmaceutical companies. The tone is
ENGLISH CONVENTIONS
neutral and stating the fact that companies have
not done research on Menkes disease . rather than
saying that the company should invest money
Key Exp lanati on: Choice D is the best answer.
even though they will not be able to recoup their
\o\'hen a phrase is used as part of a sentence, the
losses. Choice B is incorrect because the text
punctuation aside from the quotation marks
s.rom 137
I
shou ld adhere to usual struc t ures. In th is case) the that the claim has a possibility but not certainty of
quotation is part of a clause subordi nated by th e being tru e. Choice D is an adverb , which can be
conjun ction "'while." Replacing the quotation with used to modify a verb.
XXt it is easier to see that the quote is the subject
and "is used " is the verb, so no punct uation shou ld Distractor Explanation: All of the oth er choices
divi de the underli n ed portion: "While XX is can be eliminated beca use th ey do not modify
frequently used.. .• a verb. Choices A and C are adjectives , which
modify nouns. Choice B is a noun.
Distractor Exp lanation: Choice A is incor rect
beca use the portion before the period is not a
com plete sentence because there is no active verb.
ENGLISH CONVENT IO NS
Choices 8 and D are incorrect because no comma
shou ld divide the su bject from the verb in a clause;
the placement inside or outside the quote mark is Key Exp lanation: Choice B is th e best answer .
irrelevant in this context . "Most famous for the Monte Carlo Casino " is a
modifier which needs to refer to the following
17. Level: Easy I Domain: STANDARD ENGLISH noun. In this case, th e modifier describes "th e
CONVEN TIONS country " and shows what the country is most
Skill/Know ledge: Boundaries famous for.
Key Explanation: Choice D is the best answer . Distractor Explanation: All of the oth er choices
There are two independent clauses that can stand can be eliminated beca use th e modifier "Most
on their own as sentences on eithe r side of the famous for the Monte Carlo Casino' ' refers to
under lined portion. Therefore , they should be something other than th e count ry. In Choi ce A,
divided into two separate sentences with a period . the modifier is followed by the generic "there:·
In addition , "which is world- class'' appears to
Distractor Expl anation: Choke A is incor rect
refer to the preceding noun , "the country., rather
bee.a.useit is a comma splice between hvo
than the "oceanog raphic museum. " In Choices
independent clauses . Chokes B and C can be
C and D, the modifier refers to the museum ; the
eliminated because a single das h or colon can
placement of "world - class., does not affect the
follow an independent clause, but the following
portion needs to explain or add more detail to answer choice.
the previous sentence . In this case, the following
portion changes to a different topic , from the 53rd 20. Level: Medium I Domain: STANDARD
year of independence to the stru ggle for freedom.
CONVEN TIONS Key Exp lanation: Choice C is the best answer.
Skill/Know ledge: Form, Struct ure, and Sense "To come down on" is a phrasal verb which means
"to deal severely ·with," so fits th e context of saying
Key Explanation: Choice D is the best answer . that if police are severe on offende rs. there is no
The underlined portion refers to "is;' showing need to make more laws.

I
Distractor Exp lanation : All of the othe r choices 23. Level: Easy I Domain: EXPRESSION OF IDEAS
are incorrect because they are phrasal verbs with Skill/Knowledge: Transitions
meanings that do not fit the context of explaining
what police should do to the offenders. Choice Key Explanation: Choic.e C is th e best answe r
A refers to Je,iving a place. Choice B refers to because it is used to introduce the conclusion of
an argument. In this case, the text explains why
creating something. Choice D refers to catching
the Stoclet House is important. and the conclusion
an illness.
is that th e house qualifies to be a UNESCO World
Heritagesite.
ENGLISH CONVENTIONS Distractor Explanation: Choice A is incorrect
Skill/Know ledge: Form, Struct ure, and Sense because it is used to introduce something that
comes later in a series. but the qualification to
Key Explanation: Choice C is the best answer. be a World Heritage site does not come after the
"'Much XX- er than" is a standard idiom of building is createdas a classic in its style and in
comparison) which in this case shows that the good condition, it is because the building is in
speed of pollution entering the ocean is faster than good condition. Choke 8 is incorrect because it
the speed of pollution being removed from the shows something that would happen in a different
ocean. situation, but in this case, the qualific.ationand
the described situation both occurred. Choice D
Distractor Exp lanation : All of the othe r choices is used to show a contrast or change in ideas, not
can be eliminated because they do not complete contin ue a logical train of thought.
the idiom "muc h XX- er than" using a standard
word.
IDEAS
22. Level: Easy I Doma in: EXPRESSION OF IDEAS Skill/Knowledge: Transitions
Key Explanation: Choic.e B is the best answer
Key Explanation: Choice D is the best answer
because it refers to something that is wry ly
bee.a.useit is used to introduce an "'example'' or
humorous because it was in error or had
"'illustration., that supports a claim. The part
something othe r than the intended result. Choice
preceding the underline is a claim that people B lits the context of saying that Messier named
noticed that sampling occurred. The following the duster but lost it due to writing "erroneous" or
portion is a sped.fie illustration of that claim, a list "·wrong" information about it.
of people who sampled each other's music.
because it is used to introduce the last item in
choices adequately shows the relationship between
a list or discussion, but the text continues the
the preceding and following sentences. Choice A
story with what happens several hundred years
refers to the final statement in a list or the result
later. Choice C is incorrect because it signifies
of an action . Chokes 8 and Care used to provide
that the following is an example or clarification
different ideas that support the same claim rather
of the previous claim, but making an error is
than an examp le of the preceding claim.
I
not an example of cataloging stars. Choice D is remain in the text It does not dis rupt the logic
used to show that the following is done in a way and would not be better earlier in th e paragrap h,
appropriate for the circumstances , so does not fit as it comes after the abstract idea is described.
the context of making an e rror. Choke C is incor rect bee.a.usethe examp le is not
necessarily related to th e following sentence; it
elabo rates on the previo us one.
IDEAS
Skill/Know ledge: Rhetorical Synthesis 27. Level: Medium I Domain: EXPRESSION OF
IDEAS
Key Explanation: Choice B is the best answe r. Skill/Know ledge: Rheto rical Synthesis
The notes mention that "there is no evidence that
the population is breeding" and that the small Key Explanation: Choice B is the best answe r.
population of the African g rey horn bill in Florida "'VVhich is,. subordinates the second sentence so it
"'may only persist due to continuing releases or modifies the previous noun , "big tech companies;·
esc.apes." while at th e same time eliminating repeated
words.
because it does not explain why the bird ¾ill not Distractor Exp lanation: Choice A is inco rrec t
rapidly multiply in Florida. Choice C is incorrect because it changes the meaning from big tech
bee.a.usethe notes offer no comparison between companies being overly powerf ul and a danger to
the climate in sub ~Sah a.ran Africa and Florida. antitrust cases being ove rly powerf ul and a dange r.
Choke D is incorrect because the notes do not Choke C is inco rrec t beca use it retains th e
mention that th e African g rey hornbill is only unnecessary repetition of "big tech companies"
widespread in open woodland and savanna h and complicates the sentence struct ure with "he
areas . Instead) it mentions that "i t prefers open says" set aside by commas . Choice D is incorrect
woodland and savannah." bee.a.useit repeats "cases'' and adds an element of
meaning th at is not in the original sentences: "in
his opinion" makes the big tech companies ones
that he decides are big tech.
IDEAS
Skill/Know ledge: Rheto rical Synth esis
Key Explanation: Choice D is the best answer .

The underlined sen tence is a specific, probably
familiar example of how historical data ) in
this case) viewing habits) can be used to make
predictions or suggestions. The sentence gives the
reader an easy point of reference to understand
the abstract concept of predictive analysis.
Distractor Exp lanation: Choic.es A and B are

incorrect because the underlined sentence should

I
I. Level: Medium I Doma in: CRAFT AND to something glowing or shining , which does not
STRUCTURE accurately describe a person. Choice D refers to
Skill/Knowledge: Words in Context something complete or not modified , so it does
not effectively describe a person.
Key Exp lanat i on: Choke C is the best answer
because in the sentence ) the underlined word is
what beach resorts create . Choice C refers to the
STRUCTURE
trait of being attractive and interesting enough
to entice people to come . It fits the context of
saying that even if there were no other tourist
Key Exp lanation: Choice D is the correct option.
destinations , be.ach resorts are very attractive and
The author says that of the additions to the 1616
inte resting to tourists.
edition , many are clever but only sometimes are
they improvements. Therefore . as used in the
last sentence of the passage, "facile" refers to a
because it refers to a large number of items
superficial or shallow imitation of Marlowe's style
collected by someone , but the beach resorts do not
of writing.
have a lot of things that they bought or amassed
Choice 8 refers to the act of convincing someone
Distractor Explanation: Choke A is incorrect
to do something. However, the beaches do not
because the sentence does not talk abo ut the
try to make people come; they are just interesting
accomplishments of the imitator. ln fact, the
enough that people want to visit. Choke D relates
previous sentence points to how only some of the
to a link or attachment rather than something that
additions are improvements. Choices Band Care
pulls from afar
incorrect because there is no evidence to point
out that all the additions to the 1616 edition are
2. Level: Easy I Domain: CRAFT AND successful or effortless.
STRUCTURE
4. Level: Medi um I Domain: CRAFT AND
STRUCTURE
Key Exp lanat i on: Choic<! B is the best answer.
The blank needs an adjective that describes the
painter named Johannes Vermeer. "Eminent "
Key Exp lanation: Choice D is the best answer
refers to someone or something famous in a given because the underlined sentence explains that the
field. In this context . it shows that the painter photographs were of strangers. That detail can
Johannes Vermeer is well- known in the field of eliminate the weakness that the horses already
art knew the people and were reacting according
to their experiences rather than that they were
Distrac .tor Explanation; None of the other identifying an emotion from a picture of a face.
choices create a logical sentence. Choice A refers
Distractor Explanations: Choice A is incorrect
to something that is easy to see. Vermeer is from
because the sentence does not say how the
the seventeenth century , so although his art is
"subjects " or "people in the expe riment" were
famous , he is no longer visible. Choice C refers "selected " or "chosen." For example . they could
s.rom 141
I
have answered an advertisement or they could 6. Level: Medium I Domain: CRAFT AND
have been students in a class. Choice B is STRUCTURE
incorrect because the sentence does not say how Skill/Knowledge: Cross - Text Connections
many people the horses know; they could know
many people. Choice C is incorrect because the
Key Exp lanation: Choice D is the best answer.
entire text shows that expression is important for
The Sutton - Boveri theory is "'that genes were
interspecies communication , but the underlined
loc.ated in specific places on the chromosomes. "
sentence does not stress that point
The passage says that Morgan "'criticized the
theory' ' at first or was "'initially skeptical ," but
5. Level: Hard I Doma in: CRAFT AND "after careful documentation, " determined that
STRUCTURE certain genes are located on the X chromosome,
Skill/Know ledge: Text Structure and Purpose showing that he had changed his mind and
thought that there were indeed at least some genes
in specific places on chromosomes.
bee.a.usethe author gives many scientific reasons
that life may exist) but does not describe the Distractor Explanation: Choke A is incorrect
research that went into determining the "findings " because there is no indic.ation that details needed
or "'results ." For example ) he says , "Amino acids . to be adjusted for the theory to be correct.
just like those that make up every protein in our Choice B is incorrect bee.a.useMorgan found
bodies . have been found in the tails of comets ; "definitive " or "convincing " data that supported .
giving the findings of experiments on comets but not "'contradicted' ' or "went against " the theory.
not explaining how the amino acids were found. Choice C is incorrect because Morgan derived
The same is true for his discussion of organic scientific findings that supported the theory , even
compounds in Martian soil . a giant cloud of though he originally thought it was not "plausible "
space alcohol , and the discove ry of thousands of or "realistic."
habitable planets.
Distractor Exp lanation: Choice A is incorrect 7. Level: Medium I Doma in: INFORMATION AND
bee.a.use"personal anecdotes " are stories from IDEAS

the author's experience , but the author does Skill/Knowledge: Central Ideas and Details
not discuss any details from his life. Choice B

Key Exp lanation: Choice C is the best answer.
is incorrect because there are no "'analogies" or
Giant anteaters have physically adapted by
"'comparisons used to teach" in the text. Choice
evolving "specialized tongues " that help them eat.
C is incorrect bee.a.use"unsubstantiated " means
They have also adapted behaviorally by living in
that there is no evidence to support the theories.
an area where "'their favored prey is common " and
However, the facts that the author brings up,
by learning to abandon the nest when soldier ants
such as the presence of organic compounds in
arrive.
Martian soil , is presumably based on research and
suppo rted by facts that are not discussed in the
Distractor Explanation; Choke A is incorrect
passage.
because there is no indic.ation that giant anteaters
do not live in areas disturbed by humans ; they

I
could stilJ live in swamps, forests . and grass lands 9. Level: Hard I Domain: INFORMAT ION AND
around people. Choice B is inco rrec t because IDEAS
th e passage does not say that ants are "more Skill/Knowledge: Command of Evidence
vigilant .., or that there are "fewer o pp ortun ities ; (Textual)
The passage only says that the ants are "vigilan t"
in protecting. Choice D is incorrect because the Key Explanation: Choice D is th e best answer .
passage does not specify which food the anteaters The claim is th at Williams was "full of natural
prefer. It is possib le that they might like grubs talent and energy ." Choice D gives the idea of
bette r, but they have ff"lver chances to eat them. energy thro ugh a com parison with a hurri cane)
a powerful weat h er phenomenon. The fact that
the speake r was worried about his own chances
8. Level: Medi um I Doma in: INFORMATION AND
in show business alludes to the idea that Williams
IDEAS
was so talented that no one else had a chance.
Skill/Knowledge: Cent ral Ideas and Details
Distractor Explanation: The othe r choices can be

Key Exp lanat i on: Choi«, B is th e best answer
eliminated because they do not encompass both
beca use th e text states that "'th e purpose of their
ideas of talent and energy . Choice A is incorrect
study was to address a central scientific problem
because it only states that Wtlliams was kind or
in explaining th e diversity of tree species in a
helpful. Choi ce B s hows that he was talented , but
forest." In othe r words, the purp ose was to "'isolate
not th at he was energetic . Choice C also implies
factors" or "determine elements " that permit the
that he was talented and less exciting when he was
"'phenomenon " or "'situation' ' of coexisting tree
around ) but does not convey th e idea of energy.
species to occu r.
Distrac .tor Explanation: Choice A is incorrect 10. Level: Easy I Domain: IN FORMAT ION AND
because "'rami fications" are "'consequences." The IDEAS
study does not establish the consequences of the Skill/Knowledge: Command of Evidence
models ; it is t rying to explain why in reality the re (Textual)
are coexisting species, whe reas mathematical
models have not solved that q uestion . Choice C is Key Explanation: Choic,e C is th e best answe r
inco rrect because an "incident " refers to a specific because "any opiate" would include both users of
event or occurren ce, not an ongoing process. The prescription opiates and users of non- prescription
researchers are trying to find a general explanation opiates. In Figure 1, any opia te refers to the
th at holds valid for more than one specific event. combination of the bottom and middle sections of
Choice D is incorrect because the study does not the column. The right- hand column for 20 17 has
point to "flaws" or "errors " in proposed theories. It a combined amount of abo ut 48)000 deaths, since
is trying to find an answer to a question that was the second section of the bar reaches to just under
unex plainab le at th e time. the 50,000 line.

because there were 18)000 deaths by "any" or
"all combined " drug overdoses in 1999, not
I
2017. In 2017, there were 18,000 deathscaused 12. Level: Easy I Domain: IN FORMATION AND
by prescription opiates, the bottom section, IDEAS
but not all drugs combined; the latte r is over Skill/Knowledge: Inference
70.000. Choice B is incorrect because "any type
of opiate" would refer to both prescription and Key Explanation: Choice C is the best answer
non - prescription , the bottom two sections of because the text says, "'widespread off- label use
the columns. However ) none of th e columns of intravenous subanesthetic - dose ketamine
have th ose two sections total 38,000. Choic.e D for treatment - resistant depression has raised
is incorrect because 75,000 is the approximate conce rn s about side effects, especially given its
total number of deaths in 2017, not the total for history as a drug of abuse ." "Especially" indicates
prescription opiates. which is jus t the bottom that the main concern is th at ketarnine is
section of the column. associated with drug abuse or addiction problems.

11. Level: Medium I Domain: INFORMAT ION AND choices are supp orted by evidence from th e
IDEAS passage. Choice A is incorrect because there is no
Skill/Know ledge: Command of Evidence discussion of it becoming less effective. Choice
(Quantitative)
B is incorrect because, while the re is a concern
of side effects, there is no mention of th e effects
Key Explanation: Choice A is the best choice.
"i n conjunction with" or "at th e same time as"
The previous sentence in the text talks abo ut the
using oth er drugs . Choi ce D is incorrect because
countries th at recorded the highest growth in
a "relapse" is a return to a former condition. There
population. The sentence to be completed begins
is no discussion in the passage about whether the
·with "conversely': Thus, an opposite examp le must
patients become depressed again or not.
be provided which mentions the countries with a
decrease in pop ulation.
13. Level: Easyl Domain: IN FORMATION AND
Distractor Exp lanation: Choice B is inco rrec t IDEAS
bee.a.useit only mentions one count ry. Since the Skill/Knowledge: Inferences
previous sentence in the text mentions the top 5
countries th at recorded a population inc rease, the Key Explanation: Choice C is the best answe r
because Henri produced work that was "a new
ideal choice would be an example that mentions
style" than th at of the National Academy of
the top 5 countries with a population decrease.
Design, which he "disliked.• The passage says that
Choke C is incor rect because it does not provide
his style had "depicted the seedy underside of
an examp le th at it is the opposite of the previous urban life;• meaning he painted things th at were
sentence. Choice D is incorrect because the text not considered fashionable or proper ; th ey were
does not mention anything about the number of "undignified " or "not majes tic." Therefore, it is
deaths registered. likely that the Academy artists "avoided • or "did
not draw" such things .
Distractor Explanations: Choice A is incor rect

because the text says Henri used a "'bold, realistic
style" and that the Academy artists used a

I
"highly - polished " style. Since Henri was trying clause. Choice C is incorrect bee.a.use"'since"
to create a new way of painting. the two styles creates a subordinate clause which cannot stand
probably have little overlap . Choke 8 is incorrect on its own as a sentence.
because the text does not say that the artists
were not in New York; it only implies that they
did not draw sketches in the streets. Choice D 16. Level: Easy I Domain: STANDARD ENGLISH
is incorrect bee.a.use"dirty snow " is only one CONVENTIONS
example of Henri's art. It is possible that the artists Skill/Knowledge: Boundaries
drew winte r scenes, but they avoided the dirt and
squalor in their pictures. Key Explanation: Choic,e A is the best answer .
The portion between the italics. "the Maori. ..
14. Level: Easy I Domain: STANDARD ENGLISH tree," modifies "kauri:-' To better see the structure
CONVENT IO NS of the main clause, remove the portion between
Skill/Knowledge: Boundaries the italics. It is then clear that the subject "Forests
filled with kauri" needs to be followed by a verb , in
Key Exp lanat i on: Choi«, B is the best answer. this case, the phrasal verb "date back."
"In such a waterfall" is a prepositional phrase that
indicates a situation. Phrases should be divided Distractor Explanation: Choice B is incorrect
from the main clause in a sentence by a comma. because it leaves the main clause ·without an active
verb - "dating back . .." is subordinated , but there is
Distrac .tor Explanation: Choice A is incorrect no complete clause before it. Choices C and D are
because without any punctuation, it is unclear incorrect because they include an extra noun. Two
where the prepositional phrase ends and the main nouns should not be used in a row ·within a clause
clause begins. Choices C and D are incorrect without subordinating one of them.
because colons and semicolons should follow a
complete independent clause, but the preceding
portion cannot stand on its own as a sentence.
CONVENTIONS
Skill/Knowledge; Form ) Structure, and Sense
Key Explanation: Choic,e D is the best answer .
CONVENT IO NS
Research results are presented in the present tense
as "universal truths."
Key Exp lanat i on: Choice D is the best answer. Distractor Explanation: All of the other choices
There are two ideas with subjects and verbs, so can be eliminated because they do not use the
they can be divided into separate sentences. standard form for showing currently accepted
research results. Choice A is a progressive tense)
Distrac .tor Explanation; Choice A is incorrect
though "research " can be used in the plural .
because it is a comma splice between two
Choice B is a future tense. Choice C is the past
independent clauses. Choice 8 is incorrect
tense, which is only acceptable if the results have
because "'because" subordinates the following
subsequently been proven erroneous.
information . A semicolon should not be followed
by a subordinate clause) only an independent
I
18. Level: Easy I Domain: STANDARD ENGLISH Key Exp lanation: Choice B is the best answer .
CONVEN TIONS The underlined portion is the main verb of the
Skill/Know ledge: Form, Structu re, and Sense sentence. The entire preceding portion , "dividing
one full - time job between two employees," is
Key Explanation: Choice C is the best answer . the subject. Though it may appear plural , the
The section between the commas ," __ subject can be simplified to "dividi ng:' When a
artwork.. ..influences" is a clause that modifies the verb ending in" - ing" is used as a subject, it is
previous noun . Elizabeth Catlett . Choke C is used conside red singular, and Choice B is a singular
to show that the subject of the clause belongs to verb.
the preceding noun. Therefore , it effectively shows
that the subject "artwork " belongs to "Catlett .• Distractor Explanation; Choice A is incorrect
because it is plural . so does not agree with the
sing ular "dividing .• Choices C and D can be
bee.a.use"her'' creates an independent clause
eliminated because they do not create a complete
rather than a relative clause that modifies the
sentence; the underlined portion should be an
previo us word. Choic.es B and D are incorrect
active verb fonn .
bee.a.use they act as the subject of clause, adding
more information about the preceding noun ; they
cannot be followed directly with another subject, 21. Level: Medium I Doma in: STANDARD
"artwork. " ENGLISH CONVENT IO NS
Skill/Knowledge: Form , Structure, and Sense
19. Level: Easy I Domain: STANDARD ENGLISH Key Exp lanation: Choice C is the best answer.
CONVEN TIONS "They" is plural , so correctly refers to the plural
Skill/Know ledge: Form, Struct ure, and Sense noun "many names" from the previous sentence.
"Range" is plural. so it agrees with the plural noun.
The underlined portion needs to be a subject that Distractor Explanation; Choices A and D can
is followed by the verb "composed:' be eliminated because "ranges" is sing ular, so
does not agree with the plural noun. Choice B is
Distractor Exp lanation: Choice B is inco rrect
incorrect because it is a noun rather than a noun
bee.a.useit indicates possession and needs to be
and verb. As a result . the sentence is a fragment
followed by a noun. Choice C is incorrect because
with no active verb.
it is an object rather than a subject. Choice D is
incorrect because it shows possession and needs
to be followed by a noun . Alternatively , it could be 22. Level: Medium I Doma in: EXPRESSION OF
a contraction for "she is;• which does fit the past - IDEAS
tense context or the verb "composed. " Skill/Knowledge: Transitions
Key Exp lanation: Choice B is the best answer

20. Level: Easy I Domain: STANDARD ENGLISH because it is used to show a contrast or change in
CONVENT IONS topic . It lits the context of saying that dandelions
Skill/Know ledge: Form, Struct ure, and Sense are viewed as weeds. but in reali ty, they can be
eaten many ways.

I
Distractor Explanation: None of the other The portion following the unde rline has a different
choices are used to indicate that there is a contrast tone from receiving the Nobel Prize. Choice C
of idea s. Choice A is incorrect because it is used to is used to show something that happen ed at a
introduce the logical conclusion of an argument , later time, so lits the context of saying that first
but the idea that dandelions are edible is not a he was praised but later he was accused of certain
logical reason to view them as weeds . Choice C problems .
is used to add a specific detail that clarifies the
previous claim. Choice D is used to add more Distractor Explanation: Choice A is incorrect
reasons in su pport of the previous claim.
because it is used to add more information on
the same topic., so it does not effectively s how
23. Level: Easy I Domain: EXPRESSION OF IDEAS that the praise chan ged to concern over AhmedS
Skill/Knowledge: Transitions actions . Choke 8 is incorrect because it means
that the following is fitting or approp riate given
Key Expl anat i on: Choice A is th e best answer
the preceding information , but in this case , being
because it is used to add another detail to develop
accused of bad things is not appropriate for a
a discussion. In this context, Choice A adds
winner of a Nobe l Prize. Choice D is incorrect
what happened to the finished painting after the
because it is used to introduce the logical resu lt of
discussion of what Picasso did while making the
the preceding argument, but th e followin g is not a
painting.
logical result of winning a peace prize.
Distrac .tor Explanation; Choke B is incorrect
beca use it is used to introduce an opposing or 25. Level: Hard I Domain: EXPRESSION OF IDEAS
conflicting idea ) but the final sentence continues Skill/Knowledge: Rhetorical Synthesis
th e theme of th e painting being influential for the
cause against war. Choice C is incorrect because Key Explanation: Choic.e A is the best answer.
it shows the logical result of a se ries of actions. It concisely shows that the level of th e a ppeal is
Though the final sentence expands on th e idea of "bask" or very deep and essential.
th e anti- war protests, it is not necessarily given
th at after showing people the painting , Picasso Distractor Explanation: All of the other choices
would exhibit the painting to raise funds. Choice can be eliminated as redundant ; the extra words
D is incorrect because it is used to add an example distract from the in tended meaning . In Choices B
of a previous claim , but th e following sentence and D, "'basic"and "'fundamental " are synonyms .
discusses a time sequence rathe r than giving more In Choice C, "level" and "depth" have the same
detail about th e visito rs who entered his studio. meaning in th e context.
24. Level: Medi um I Doma in: EXPRESSION OF 26. Level: Medium I Domain: EXPRESSION OF
IDEAS IDEAS
Skill/Knowledge: Transitions Skill/Knowledge: Rhetorical Synthesis
Key Exp lanati on: Choice C is the best answer. Key Explanation: Choice C is th e best answer.
The passage is structured with the first two The notes mention that is he most known for
sentences explaining the good that Ahmed did. being the most •streamed classical artist of all time.
s.rom 147
I
bee.a.use this is not his most significant
achievement. Choice B is also incorrect as the
notes do not mention this as being his most
significant achievement. Choice D is incorrect
bee.a.use the statement only desc ribes his music
projects and not a significant achievement.

IDEAS
Skill/Know ledge: Rhetorical Synthesis

It implies a very fast rate, so indkates that the
number of ghost kitchens is increasing extremely
fast.
Distractor Exp lanation: Choices A and D are

incorrect because they only indkate an inc rease;
they do not include any hint that the rate is
fast. Choice B is incorrect because it includes
undertones of getting too big too fast, implying
that the number may decrease soon, such as when
the economy inflates and then collapses.

I
I.
MATH

3.
Module 1

I
Skill/Knowledge: Linear equations in two Skill/Knowledge: Nonlinear functions I Testing
variables I Testing point : Converting English to point: Using the remainder theorem
Algebra to create a two variableequation
Key Explanation: Choic,e B is correct. The
Key Exp lana ti on: Choice A is correct . She remainder theorem states that iffix) is divided by
x- a, the remainder would be fia). Therefore when
bums 20 calories when she walks every minute.
Therefore, she burned 20x calories after x minutes. fia) = 0, then x- a is a factor of the function fix).
She also burns 35 calories every minute she cycles In this case,fi3)= 0, therefore x- 3 is a factor of the
and therefore burns 35y calories after y minutes. equation fix) .
The equation would therefore be 20x + 35y = 340. Distractor Explanation: Choices A, C, and D are
Subtracting 20x from both sides of this equation incorrect Based on the table, dividing (x+2), x, or
yields (x- 5) from fix) will not yield a remainder of 0.
35y = 340 - 20x.
Distrac.tor Explanation; Choice B is incorrect 4. Level: Easy I Domain: ALGEBRA

because it states that the difference behveen the Skill/Knowledge: System of two linear equations
calories burned from cycling and burned from in two variables. I Testing point; Solving for one
walking is equal to 340. Choice C and Choice D variablein a system of linear equations
are incorrect. The rate of 20 calories per minute
Key Explanation: Simplify the first equation by
can only be multiplied by x minutes of walking.
using the distributive property which yields I - 5
And the rate of 35 calories per minute can only be
+ 2s - 6 = 8. Adding 5 and 6 to both sides of the
multiplied by y minutes of cycling.
equation yields t + 2s = 19. Simplify the second
equation by using the distributive property which
2. Level: Easy I Domain: PROBLEM-SOLVING yields 2t - 10 - 3s + 9 = - 19. Adding JO and
AND DATA ANALYSIS subtracting 9 from both sides of the equation
Skill/Knowledge: Two- variable data: models and yields 2t - 3s = - 18. To find the value of s, use the
scatterplots I Testing point: Identifying points on elimination method and multiply - 2 by the first
a scatter plot equation . This yields - 21 - 4s = - 38. Then , add the
two equations which yield - 7s = - 56. Dividing - 7
Key Explanati on: Choice B is the correct answer from both sides of the equation yields s = 8.
because the number of dots that have a higher
value than the line of best fit are the dots above the
line i.e 6.
Skill/Knowledge; Linearequations in one variable
Testing point; Solving linear equations in one
Distrac .tor Explanation; Choke A is incorrect as
variable
this is the number of dots on the graph . Choice C
is incorrect as this is the number of dots below the Key Explanation: Choice D is correct. Simplify
line of best fit. Choice D is incorrect; it may be a the equation by using distributive property , which
conceptual error or lack of understanding of the yields
question. 3x - 6 - 2x + 2 = - x + 2x + 4 - 8.
Combining like terms yields x - 4 = x - 4. This
shows that the equation is the same on both

Module 1
I
.. Id 120+182
Th lS yie S 151. The margin of error
sides. So, any value of x makes the equation 2
true. Therefore,the equation has infinitely many
would be the difference between the midpoint and
solutions .
either of the sample mean masses. Subtracting 151
from 182 yields 31.
D istra ctor Explanati on: Choice A is incorrect
bee.a.useto have no solutions, solving the equation
wilJ result in a false statement Choice B is 8. Level: Hard I Do main: ALGEBRA
incorrect because to have one solution, solving the Skill/ Knowledge: Linear functions I Testing
equation will yield x equal to a number . C hoice C point: Solving a linear function
is incorrect because linear equations do not have 2
solutions . Key Explan atio n: Ch oice A is correct. To find
J(.6), first find the value of x which will be plugged
6. Leve l: Hard I Do main: ADVANCED MATH into the equation J(.2x). Equating 2x to 6 and
Skill/K nowl edge: Equivalent expressions I solving for x yields x =3. Plugging 3 to 9x-7 yields
Testing point: Converting behveen exponents and 20. Therefore,J(.6) =20.
radicals
Distractor Explanation: Chok e 8 is incorrect
Key Explanatio n: Ch oice B is correct. To simplify and may result from plugging 6 directly into the
the variable with different exponents, add the equation. Choice C is incorrect and may result
• 2 • from substituting x with 2x and plugging 6 into
exponents of g' and g' which yields g'. Making the equation. Choice D is incorrect and may result
I 6
from plugging 2 directly into the equation.
2 have the same exponent as gyields 32'.g' .
Putting them inside the radical sign yields (/32g'

9. Level: Medium I Do main: PROBLEM-SOLVING
AND DATA ANALYSIS
D istra ctor Exp lanati on: Choice A is incorrect
Skill/ Knowle dge: One-variable data:
bee.a.usethe 2 did not have any exponent and
thus should have been left outside the root or
Testing point: Finding the mean and median
converted to the fifth. C hoi ce C and Ch oice D are
incorrect and may result from interchanging the
Key Explanatio n: Choice A is correct bec.ause.
numeratorand denominator of the exponent
The median of the above data set of 21 students
will be the !.!..:!:.!., which is the 11•• shoe sill,

7. Level: Medium I Domain : PROBLEM-SOLVING 2
AND DATA ANALYSIS which is then represented by 3. The mean shoe
Skill/K n owledge: Inference from sample statistics size can then be calculated by adding the products
and margin of error I Testing poin t: Finding the of the shoe size and their corresponding frequency
margin of error and dividing the sum by the total number of
students. This yields a sum of 67. Dividing the
Key Explanatio n: To find the margin of error , first
sum by 21 yields a mean of3.l9 . Therefore , the
find the midpoint of the sample mean mass.
mean ¾ill be larger than the median.

I MATH
Distractor Explan ation: Choice B and Care

I
720
calculating .
incorrect as they are both false statements. 360
Choice D is incorrect because there is sufficient
information to answer the question. 12. Level: Easy I Doma in: PROBLEM-SOLVING
AND DATA ANALYSIS
Skill/Knowledge: Percentages I Testing point:
IO. Level: Medium I Domain: ADVANCED MATH
Finding the percentage increase
Testing point: Using exponent rules
Key Explanation: Choic.e C is correct . If 80 is
increased by 200%) that means that the new value
Key Exp lanat i on: To solve for a, first make the
will be 300% of 80 which is 240. An alternative
bases equal. Converting 27' to a base 3 yields 3" .
solution is to find 200% of 80 and add it to 80
Converting 81 4 to a base 3 yields (3' ) 4 or 3""'.
which yields 240.
The equation ·will now become 33" + 3-tx = 3"" .
On the right side of the equation, the bases are
divided, which means that the exponents must be
because it is the percentage. Choice 8 is incorrect
subtracted . Subtracting the exponents yields
because it is the increase without adding the
31Jx---tx>= 3-..: or simply 37.-: = 3 A . Equatingthe
original. Choice D is incorrect bee.a.useit is the
exponents yields 7x = ax. Dividing both sides of
sum of 80 and 200.
the equation by x yields 7 = a.

11. Level: Hard I Domain: GEOMETRY AND
TRIGONOMETRY
point: Using the quadratic formula
Skill/Knowledge: Lines, angles, and triangles I
Testing point: Finding the sum of the Interior
Key Explanation: To solve for the quadratic
angles of a polygon
equation, use the quadratic formula
Key Explanati on: Choice C is correct. The sum -b ± .Jb1 - 4ac

----- , where a = 2) b = - 4 and c =
of interior angles in a polygon is represented by 2a
180°(,i- 2). A hexagon has 6 sides and therefo re -7. Substituting the values to the formula yields
the sum of interior angles in the hexagon will be
. . . . .
180(6- 2) = 720°. 720 degrees in radian form will ( ) . S1mphfymg this yields
22
720
be - = 4,r. Therefore b = 4.
180 4 ±.Jn
--- Jn
or 1± -- . s·1mp1,,rmg
1·t. · =12 yie
\/IL . Ids
4 4
6-J2. Therefore) the expression becomes 1±
and may result in calc ulating .Choice
4
or t ± . Since the expression is now in the

8 is incorrect and may result in calculating 2
720
720. Choice D is incorrect and may result in same format as l ± -- ) then a = 3.
2
I MATH


I
Skill/Knowledge: Lin ear functio ns I Testing Skill/Knowledge: Equivalent expressions I
point: Interpretation of terms in a linear function Testing point: Matching coefficients
Key Explanation: Choice B is correct. This is Key Explanation: Using distributive property on
because 262 is the y -interceplof the model and the left side of th e equation yields
represents the number of houses on day 0, which Sxy + 3 - 6xy +2xf - 2 =axf + bxy + c.
is the beginning of Octobe r. Combining like terms )'ields 2xf - xy + I =axf +
bxy + c. Comparing th e coefficients on both sides
Distractor Explanation: Choice A is incorrect of the equation, yields a= 2, b= - !,and c= I
because the number of houses at the end of Therefore) a+ b = l.
Octobe r is repr esented by h(x). Choic,, C is
incorrect as the number of houses sold per day
would be 8. Choi ce D is incorrect as the number
of houses sold on the first day of October is
represented when x = 8.
Testing point: Finding the product of th e roots of
a quad ratic equation
TRIGONOMETRY Key Explanation: Choice B is correct. ln a
Skill/Know ledge: Right triangles and quadratic equation (ax' + bx+ c =0), the product
trigonometry I Testing point: Working with
of the roots can be found by :. , Using th e given
special triangles a
equation, c = - 24 and a= 3. Thus, the product of
Key Explanation: Choice A is correct. A 90 - 60
-24
- 30 triangle has a h)'potenuse of 2x, a shorter the roots "'II be - - or - 8.
3
leg of x, and a longer leg of The area of
Distractor Explanation; Choke A is incorrect
this triangle can th en be found b)' th e form ula
as this is the value of a. Choice C is incorrect
x basex heigl1t . Substituting the base and the b
2 and may result from calculating - . Choice D is
a
. h tyie
heig . Ids -xxxxv5
I r.3 or -- . Theg ·1ven incorrect and may result from calcu lating th e sum
2 2
side AC is the h)'potenuse of the trian gle. So, 32 of the roots whic h is ( ~ ) .
= 2x which yields x = 16. Substituting 16 to the
.
18. Level: Medium I Doma in: ADVANCED MATH
form ula y,elds -- or I • Skill/Knowledge: Nonlinear functions I Testing
2
point: Using the vertex form of a quadratics
Distractor Exp lanation: Choice B and Choice equation
D are incorrect and may result from using Ji
instead of ..[3. Choice C is incorrect because this Key Explanation: Choice B is correc t. The general
is one of the sides of the trian gle. equation of a parabola is given b)' y =a(x - h)'

+ k, where (Ir, k) denotes the coordinate of the

Module 1
Distractor Explanation: Choice A is incorrect.

I
vertex. In this case, h = 3 and k = 10. Thus. the This is the value of the difference in the y
equation becomes y = a(x- 3)' + I 0. The sign coordinatesbehveen the two points. Choke 8 is
of a denotes the orientation of the parabola . If incorrect as this is the negative value of option A.
a is positive, the parabola opens upward If a is Choice C is incorrect as this is the positive value
negative, the parabola opens downward. In this of option D.
case) the parabolaopens downward so the value of
a must be negative. Therefore, the equation of the
parabola is y = - 2(x - 3)' + IO.
Skill/Knowledge; Linearequations in one variable
Testing point: Finding the value of x in a linear
Distractor Explanation: Choice A and Choice C
equation
are incorrect since their a is positive which would
suggest that the graph opens upwards however the
Key Explanation: Choice B is correct. To find the
graph opens downwards. Choice D is incorrect
value of x, multipl)' both sides of the equation by
and may result from using (- 3, 10) as the vertex
4
instead of (3, 10).
3
This yields (x- 5) = 27 xi or simply (x - 5) = 36.
3
I 9. Level: Easy I Domain: ALGEBRA
Skill/Knowledge: Linear equations in one variable Distractor Explanation: Choice A is incorrect
Testing point: Matching coefficients and ma)' result from calculating the value of x.
Choice C is incorrect and may result from

Key Explanati on: Using the distributive propert)',
the equation becomes 6 - 6x = ax+ b or -6x + 6 = multipl)'ing ! to both sides of the equation
4
ax+ b. Comparing the coefficient and the constant
on both sides of the equation yields a = - 6 and b = instead of i.
6. Therefore , the product of a and b is - 36. 3
Choice D is incorrect and may result from
conceptual or calculation errors.
point: Finding the average rate of change 22. Level: Hard I Domain: ALGEBRA
Key Exp lana tion: Choic,, Dis correct. To find the two variables I Testing point: Finding solution to
average rate of change between t'wo points on a a system of line.arinequalities
curve is the same as finding the gradient between
the two points . In this case, the points are (0, - 8) Key Explanation; Choice C is correct. To solve
such questions , the best method would be to
(-16)-(-s)
and (2, - I 6). -'---'--'--"- which yields the slope substitute the points to the inequalities and check
0-2
if the statements are true or false.
as - 4.
Substituting (3, 1) to the first inequality )'ields 1 >
- 2(3) - 1 or 1 > - 7, which is true .
Substituting (3, 1) to the second inequality
yields 3(1) < 3 + 9 or 3 < 12, which is also true.

Module 1
I
Therefore, the coordinate (3, 1) lies inside the
intersection of th e hvo inequalities.
Distractor Exp lanation: Choice A is incor rect.

Substituting (- 2, 1) to both inequalities will result
in one false statement
Choic.e B is incorrect Substituting (1, 4) to both
ineq ualities will result in one false statement.
Choice D is incorrect. Substituting (- 3, 3) to both
ineq ualities will result in false statements .

I
I.
MATH

Distractor Explanation: Choice A is incorrect .

I
Skill/Knowledge: Nonlinear equations in one Plugging the point (I, 7) into the equation yields
variableand system of equations in hvo variablesI 109 = 84. Therefore , it lies outside the circle .
Testing point: Solving absolute value equations Choice Bis incorrect. Plugging the point (- 2, 5)
into the equation yields 90 =84. Therefore , it lies
Key Exp lana ti on: Choice C is correct. To outside the circle. Choice D is incorrect . Plugging
calculate the two solutions (p & q), equate the the point (3, - 6) into the equation yields
contents of the absolute value symbol to both - 12 = 84. Therefore. it does not lie on the circle .
the positive and negative values of the number
on the other side of the equation. To obtain the
first solution (p), solve for x in the equation 3x
TRIGONOMETRY
- I = 2. Adding I to both sides of the equation
Skill/Knowledge: Right triangles and
yields 3x = 3. Dividing 3 from both sides of the
equation yields x = I. Thus , p = I. To obtain the
trigonometry I Testing point: Using trigonometry
identities
second solution (q), solve for x in the equation
3x - I= - 2. Adding I to both sides of the equation
Key Explanation: Si11 x = cos (90 - x). So, if sin C
yields 3x = - 1. Dividing 3 from both sides of the
and cos 63 are equal, then the angles would add up
equation yields x = - ~. Thus , q = - ~. Adding I to 90°. Therefore , 63° + C = 90°. Subtracting 63°
3 3 from both sides of the equation yields C = 27°.
and - yields ~. Therefore , p + q = ~.
3 3 3
Distrac .tor Explanation; Choice A is incorrect 4. Level: Hard I Domain: ADVANCED MATH
and may result from multiplying the second Skill/Knowledge: Equivalent expressions I
solution (q) by - I. Choice Band Choic.e D are Testing point: Working with complex numbers
incorrect as these are the two solutions to the

Key Explanation; Choice A is correct. Rationalize
equation.
2
the denominator of - 2i by multiplying the
3+41
2. Level: Medium I Domain: GEOMETRY AND fraction by the denominator's conjugate which is
TRIGONOMETRY
3-4i 6-6i-8i + Si'
Skill/Knowledge: Circles I Testing point: Using --.. This yields ., . Substituting - I
3-41 9- 161·
equation of a circle
2 14 . M ch" th
· Ids ----,
tor y1e . at mg ecoe ffic1ents
.
Key Exp lana ti on: Choke C is correct. To solve 25 25
this question , plug each point into the equation
yields a=-~ and b =-~.
of the circle. A coordinate that lies on the circle 25 25
means that the equation will be equal on both Distractor Explanations: Choice B is incorrect
ends . Plugging the point (- 3, 4), the equation as this would be the value of b. Choice C and
becomes (- 3 - 3)' + 4' + 8(4) = 84. Simplifying the Choice D are incorrect and may result from
equation , this yields 84 = 84. miscalculation or conceptual errors.
Therefore , point (- 3, 4) lies on the circle.
I
5.
MATH
Level: Medium I Domain: ADVANCED MATH

(3 - 2)l3x - 21= 7 or l3x - 21 = 7. Then, equate

I
Skill/Know ledge.: Nonlinear equations in one the contents of the absolute value symbo l to both
variableand systems of equations in two variables the positive and negative values of the number on
Testing point: Solving system of linear and the other side of th e equation . To obtain the first
quadratic equations solution) solve for x in the equation 3x - 2 = 7.
Adding 2 to both sides of the equation yields 3x
Key Explanation: Choice C is correct. To solve for
=9. Dividing 3 from both sides of the equation
x, we can equate the t'wo equations.
yields x = 3. To obtain the second solution, solve
This yields 2x - 2 = 2x' - 9x + 7.
for x in the equation 3x - 2 = - 7. Adding 2 to both
Subtracting 2x and adding 2 to both sides of the
equation yields 2x' - 9x + 7 - 2x + 2 = 0. sides of the equation yields 3x = - 5. Dividing 3
Combining like terms yields 2x' - I Ix+ 9 = 0. To
from both sides of the equation yields x =- 5 .
solve the quadratic equation use either the factor 3
method or the quadratic form ula. Using the factor Therefore) the positive solution to the equation is
method , get the two factors of l &x' whose sum is 3.
- I Ix.
The two factors are - 2x and - 9x which makes the
equation 2x' - 2x - 9x + 9 = 0. 7. Level: Easy I Domain: ALGEBRA
Gro upin g the first two terms together and the last Skill/Knowledge: Linear functions I Testing
two terms together yields (2x' - 2x) - (9x - 9) = 0 point: Cre,iting equations from graphs
Factoringout the greatest common factor yields
2x(x - l ) - 9(x - 1)=0. Key Explanation: Choice C is correct.
Factoring out the common binomial yields (x - I) Calculating the slope of the given line using the
(2x - 9) = 0. Equating both factors to 0 yields the 5
points (- 5, 0) and (3, 0) yields . A slope of a
two solutions, which are x = 1 and x = or 4.5
3
2 line perpendicular to this will be the negative
Distractor Explanation: Choice A is incorrect reciprocal of the slope of the given line.
and may result from adding the two solutions. Therefore , a line pe rpendic ular to this should have
Choke 8 is incorrect as it is the negative of one
of the solutions. Choice D is incorrect and may a slope of ( -: ).
result from getting the difference between the
To get the slope of a line from the equation,
solutions.
convert the equation to slope - intercept form.
Dividing both sides of the equation by 5, Choice
6. Level: Hard I Doma in: ADVANCED MATH
-3
Cbecomes y=
Skill/Know ledge: Nonlinear equations in one 5 x+ 3 .
variableand systems of equations in two variables
Since the coefficient of xis , then this line is
Testing point: Solving absolute equation
perpendicular to the given line.
Key Explanation: To obtain the solutions, first
simplify the equation by factorization. Factoring Distractor Explanation: Choke A is incorrect
out 2 from l6x - 41 yields 2l3x - 21. Factoring as this is the equation of the line in the grap h.
out l3x - 21 from 3l3x - 21- 2l3x - 21 = 7 yields

Choice 8 is incorrect as this is the equation of a

Module2
Therefore, L ABC + L BAC = L ACD.

I
The equation will now become 2x - 2 + x + 3 =
line that has a slope of . Choice D is incorrect as
ll8.
Combining like terms yields 3x + I = 118.
this is the equation of a line that has a slope of
3 Subtracting I from both sides of the equation
making it parallel to the given line. yields 3x = 117.
Dividing 3 from both sides of the equation yields
X= 39.
TRIGONOMETRY
Skill/Knowledge: Circles I Testing point: Finding 10. Level: Easy I Domain: PROBLEM-SOLVING
the circumference of a circle given itS equation AND DATA ANALYSIS
Skill/Knowledge: Ratio, rates, proportional
Key Exp lana ti on: Choice D is correct. To find relationships , and units I Testing point: Creating
the circumferenceof a circle, first, find the radius and solving rate equation
of the circle or the diameter. Rewritethe given
Key Explanation: Choic.e B is correct. The
equation into the standard form for the equation
question presents an inverse proportion problem
of a circle, by completing the squares. This yields
where the number of carpenters (x) is inversely
x' + 6x + 9 + y' - 4y + 4 =5 I + 9 + 4. Simplifying
proportional to the number of days it requires to
the equation yields (x + 3)2 + (y - 2)' =64. Since
build a bed (y). Using the formula xy =k and the
the equation is now in standard form) then rl =
given data x =4 and y = 3 yields 12 as the value of
64. Solving for r yields 8 as the radius . Using the
k. Thus. the inverse proportion equation becomes
formula of the circumference which is 2rrr yields
xy= 12. To solve for the corresponding number of
16rr.
carpenters, substitute 2 with y which then yields
Distrac .tor Explanation; Choice A is incorrect 2x = 12. Solving for x yields 6 as the number of
carpenters needed to build the bed in 2 days.
and may result from solving for the area of the
circle inste.ad of the circumference. Choice B is Distractor Explanation: Choice A is incorrect
incorrect and may result from using nr instead of as this represents the value of the constant k.
2rrr to solve for the circumference.Choice C is Choice C is incorrect as this is the product of four
incorrect and may result from using .Jsi. as the carpenters and 2 days. Choice D is incorrect as
radius of the circle. this is a miscalculation or conceptual error.
9. Level: Medium I Domain: GEOMETRY AND 11. Level: Easy I Domain: ADVANCED MATH
TRIGONOMETRY Skill/Knowledge: Equivalent expressions I
Skill/Knowledge: Lines, angles and triangles I Testing point: Using the foiling method to
Testing point: Using the exterior angle theorem multiply expressions
Key Exp lana ti on: According to the faterior Key Explanation: Choic.e C is correct . Using
Angle Theorem, the exterior angle of a triangle is distributive property yields , Sxy (x - 2y) + 3x (x
equal to the sum of the opposite and non - adjacent - 2y). Simplifying the expression yields Sx'y + 3x'
interior angles. - IOxy' - 6xy.
Distractor Exp lanation: Choice A and Choice

Module2

I
D are incorrect and may result from applying AND DATA ANALYSIS
the distributive property incor rectly. Choic.e B is Skill/Knowledge: Probability and conditional
incorrect and may result from a miscalculation probability I Testing point: Finding the
error in multiplying 5xy and - 2y. probability of an event
Key Explanation: Choice D is correct. The unfair

coin is tossed 20 times and 14 of these land
Skill/Know ledge: Systems of two linear equations
on heads making the probability of the unfair
in two variables I Testing point: Solving for a
variable in a system of linear equations coin landing on heads =0.7 . Therefore the
Key Explanation: To solve for y, use the probability of the coin land ing on heads the 21"
elimination method. Multiplying 2 to the second time will be 0.7.
equation yields I Ox+ 4y = 16. Adding the first and
Distractor Explanation; Choke A is incorrect as
second equations yields 7x + !Ox - 4y + 4y = I +
this is the probability of landing on heads on a fair
16. Combining like terms yield I7x = 17. Dividing
coin. Choice B is incorrect and may result from
17 from both sides of the equation yields x = I.
a miscalculation or conceptual error. Choice C is
Substituting the value of x to the first equation
incorrect as it gives the probability of the unfair
yields 7(1) - 4y = I or 7 - 4y =I.Subtracting 7
coin landing on tails.
from both sides of the equation yields - 4y = - 6.
Dividing - 4 from both sides of the equation yields
3
y= or 1.5.
2 Skill/Knowledge: Systems of two linear equations
in two variables I Testing point: Solving for x and
13. Level: Easy I Domain: ALGEBRA yin a system of linear equations
Skill!Knowledge: Linear inequalities in one or
Key Explanation: Choice D is correct. Solve for x
two variables I Testing point: Solving for x in an
and y either by substitution or by elimination.
inequality
Using the elimination method , multiply 3 by both
sides of the second equation. This yields (5x + y
Key Explanation: Choice B is correct Adding x
= - 6) 3 or I 5x + 3y = - 18. Subtracting the second
to both sides of the equation yields - 2x + x,; 8 - x
equation from the first equation yields - I7x = 34.
+xor - x~8.
Dividing both sides of the equation by - 17 yields
Dividing both sides of the equation by - I yields
x = - 2. Substituting the value of x to the second
x - 8. Therefore) xis greaterthan or equal to - 8.
equation yields 5(- 2) + y = - 6. Simplifying the
And - 10 is the only option that is less than - 8.
equation yields y = 4. Subtrac tingy from x yields
- 2. - 4. or - 6.
Distractor Explanation: Choic.es A, c. and D are
incorrect . These values will make the inequality Distractor Explanation; Choke A is incorrect
true and are considered solutions. and may result from subtracting x from y. Choice
B is incorrect because it is the value of y. Choice C
is incorrect as it is the value of x.

I MATH


I
Skill/Knowledge: Nonlinear functions I because it implies that the angles are equal.
Testing point: Converting the unit on exponential Choice C and D are incorrect and this maybe due
functions to conceptual or calculation errors
Key Exp lana ti on: Since the equations are still

equal , then 1.200(1.03)" =1,200(1.03)"". Dividing
both sides of the equation by 1,200 yields
Testing point: Factoring using the difference of
( 1.03)" = ( 1.03)'' . Since the bases are equal, equate
two squares
the exponents which yield m = ad. Since I month
= 30 day,, then 1 = a(30). Dividing 30 from both
Key Explanation: Choice A is correct. This
sides of the equation yields ..!..=a . question can be solved using factorization .
30 Using the difference of squares, r - a? becomes
(x + a) (x - a).
Transforming the numerator of 4x' - 3 to the
TRIGONOMETRY 2
Skill/Knowledge: Area and volume I Testing

format x' - a' yields ( 2x)' -( . Factoring the
point: Finding the volume of a cylinder expression yields (2x+ .J3)(2x-.J3) .
Key Exp lan ati on: Choke A is correct . The (2x +.J3){2x-.J3)
volume of a cylinder is given by the formula rrr 1,
This would result to { r.)
2x + v3
. Using the given data, h = 2r. Therefore , h = 2(6)
= 12. Therefore, the volume ¾ill be rr(6)2 (12) = Canceling out the binomial 2x + .J3 from both
432,r.
numerator and denominator yields 2x - J3.
Distrac .tor Explanation; Choice B is incorrect
and may result from interchanging the values of r Distractor Explanation: Choice B is incorrect
and /J. Choice C is incorrect and may result from and would result if the student mistook the
calculating the surface area of the cylinder instead denominator for a minus sign . Choice C and
of volume. Choi ce D is incorrect and may result Choice D are incorrect and may result from
from conceptual or calculation errors. conceptual or calculation errors.
18. Level: Easy I Domain: GEOMETRY AND 20. Level: Hard I Domain: ALGEBRA
TRIGONOMETRY Skill/Knowledge : Systems of two linear equations
Skill/Knowledge: Circles I Testing point: Using in two variables I Testing point: Working with
circle theorems systems of equations with Infinite solutions
Key Explana ti on: Choice A is correct . An angle Key Explanation: Equations that have infinite
subtended at any point of the circle is half the solutions are equations that are the same line just
angle subtended at the center. This me.ans that written differently. They have the same slope and
L DOE = 2 L DRE. Therefore , L DOE = 2(35°) the same y - intercept.
= 70°. In the above equation , neither are similar. To
make them similar, multiply the top equation by

Module2
I
- 2 which yields - I Bx+ 28y = 6.
Comparing the coefficients of the first and second
equations yields n = - I 8 and b = - 28.

Skill/Know ledge: Linear equations in two
variables I Testing point: Matching coefficients
Key Explanation: Choice D is correct. To find

the value of a) we have to first group like terms
together .
Adding 4x to both sides of the equation yields 3x
+ Sy+ 4x = nx - 4x - by +4x
or simply 7x +Sy= nx - by. This makes n = 7 and
b= - 5
Distractor Explanati on: Choice A is incorrect

because this would be the value of n if the - 4x had
been ignored
Choke 8 is incorrect and may result from
conceptual or calculation error.
Choice C is incorrect because this would be the
value of b instead.

Skill/Know ledge: Linear inequalities in one or
two variables I Testing point: Solving for x in an
inequality
Key Explanation: Choice D is correct. Using the

distributive property yields 3x + 2 < - Sx - 30.
Adding Sx and subtracting 2 from both sides of
the equation yields 3x + Sx < - 30 - 2 or Bx< - 32.
Dividing 8 from both sides of the equation yields
x < - 4. Since - 5 is less than - 4, then it is a solution
to the inequality.
Distractor Exp lanati on: Choice A and Choice B

are incorrect because they are both greater than
- 4. Choice C is incorrect bee.a.usethe value of x
must be less than and not equal to - 4.

Chapter 4
Practice Test 3

Out ol 27 27 22 22
My Score
Time Taken

Module
1

The questionsin this sectionaddressa numberof importantreadingand writing skills.Each

question includes one or mo re passages, which may include a table or graph. Read each
the passage{s). All questions in this section are multiple-choice with four answer choices.
- The researchers compiled data on side effects

from 163 patients with major depressive disorder
or bipolar disorder and 25 healthy controls who
- A large percentage of the organisms in th e world
are parasitic, meaning they derive nutrients from
another species, but almost none of them are
participated in one of five placebo- controlled mammalian. One notable __ is the vampire
clinical trials conducted at the NI H Clinical bat, which feeds on the blood of cows and other
Center over 13 years. The study did not address mammals.
the side effects associated with repeated infusions
or long- term use. Which choice completes the text with the most
As used in the text) what does the word "controls"
most nearly mean? A) peculiarity
B) exception
A) authorities
C) distortion
B) restraints
D) idiosyncrasy
C) benchmarks
D) commands

Module
1
- Salt stress. too much salt in the soil for plants

..How HEPHLI mechanistically regulates hair
to thrive, is one of the major environmental growth and development will require in - depth
constraints limiting agricultural productivity and analysis, and the curly whiskers from HEPHLI
influencing the __ of bioactive compounds of knockout mice could help these investigations.
vegetables. In this study, we assessed the effect of Our preliminary results showed that HEPHj.J
NaCl salt stress on flowering , fructification , and regulates the activity of an enzyme, lysyl oxidase,
fruit nutritional quality of a local cultivar of chili which needs copper for its enzymatic activity. This
pepper. raises the intriguing possibility that, in addition to
playing an iron - related role, HEPHLI could relate
Which choice completes the text with the most to the copper absorption associated with Menkes
logical and precise word or phrase? disease and its associated hair abnormalities. ln
conclusion, our study identified HEPHLI as a
A) attentiveness novel gene responsible for hair abnormalities and
B) dedication highlights the importance of exploring the role
ofHEPHLl - and its interconnections with other
C) concentration key regulators - in developing new therapeutic
D) centralization strategies to treat hair disorders and even more
insidious genetic diseases.
v\'hat is the role of the second sentence in the

overall structure of the text?
A) It establishes a potential link behveen

HEPHLI and the lack of proper copper
absorption found in patients with Menkes
disease.
B) It explains why patients with hair

abnormalities may actually have a condition
called Menkes disease.
C) It points out that there is a connection

between iron intake and copper intake and an
imbalance could cause Menkes disease.
D) It elaborates on the claim that mice are the
best source of data about hair growth and
development related to Menkes dis.ease.
CONTINUE
Module
1
- In general, deep ocean habitats may be negatively

affected by tidal current energy systems due to
the change of water flows, materials on the ocean
- Extraterrestrial life, that familiar science - fiction
that kitschyfantasy, that CGI nightmare,
has become a matter of serious discussion, a
floor, and movement of sediment. Potential other "'risk factor," a "scenario." How has ET gone from
effects include mortality of fish passing through sci- 6 fairytale to a serious scientific endeavor
turbines (blade - strike) and the collision risk modeled by macroeconomists , funded by fiscal
of marine mammals with tidal stream farms. A conservatives, and discussed by theologians?
study showed that change in sediment patterns Because, following a string of remarkable
will most likely follow the installation of tidal discoveries over the past two decades, the idea of
arrays, impacting the local underwater habitat, alien life is not as far- fetched as it used to seem.
and in turn , animal and plant species. However, Discovery now seems inevitable and possibly
in their review, Frid et al. conclude that "'there is imminent
little scientific literature to suggest that operation
of undenvater tidal energy devices will cause In the text, what is the primary function of the
elevated levels of mortality to organisms such phrases "science - fiction trope,'*"kits chy fantasy,"
as fish and marine mammals ." Also. Lewis et al and "CGI nightmare " >
mention that, "while current technologies have
moving parts that may harm marine life, there is A) To point out the ever- changing image of how
no evidence to date of harm from tidal current extraterrestrial creatures appear
devices to marine life:·
B) To encourage readers to imagine the possible
variety of extraterrestrial life
What is the main function of the quotes from Frid
et al. and Lewis et al. in the overall structure of C) To interject a lighthearted note into an
the text? otherwise serious passage
D) To emphasize that there is credibility in

A) They show reputable scientists that hold very something that once was believed impossible
different views from e.ach other.
B) They provide authoritative viewpoints that

oppose that of the author.
C) They undermine conclusions which
emphasize safety of tidal energy systems.
D) They introduce expert opinions that reinforce

the authors' primary claim .
CONTINUE
Module
1
- Text 1
A 1979 paper by father - and- son team Luis
- The following text is adapted from Mother
)ones's 1912 speech to coal miners picketing in
and William Alvarez identified their discovery Charlestown , West Virginia.
of unusual quantities of a rare element called
I want to show you here that the average
iridium in a layer of sediment about 65 million
wages you fellows get in this country is $500
years ago. They contended that the iridium was
indicative of a massive meteor impact that sent a year. Before you get a thing to eat there is
$20 taken out a month , which leaves about
clouds of dust into the atmosphere, cooling the
$24 a month. Then you go to the "pluck - me"
Earth enough to trigger the mass extinction of the
dinosaurs at the end of the Cretaceous period. stores (operated by the mine ) and want to
get something to eat for your wife, and the
Text2 child comes back and says, "Papa, I can 't get
anything ."
Though dramatic , the idea of a meteor strike
wiping out the dinosaurs is fur- fetched , say "Why," he says, "there is $24 coming to me?"
modern paleontologists. They agree a strike
occurred but claim that there was actually no The child says, "They said there was nothing
simultaneous or instantaneous event that could coming to you." And the child goes back
be classified as a mass extinction. Instead, species crying without a mouthful of anything to eat.
slowly died out over millions of years, with the The father goes to the "pluck - me" store and
last major representatives living to approximately says to the manager , "there is $24 coming to
the end of the Cretaceous period me," and the manager says, "Oh, no, we have
kept $26 for rent."
Based on the texts, which choice would the
authors of the text most likely agree about' According to the passage , what is true about the
wages of the mine workers?
A) A massive meteorite impact occurred) though
it may not have caused a mass extinction. A) They are lower than the income of mine
B) Though the earth cooled due to a meteor workers around the country.
impact , it was not enough to kill the B) They are periodically being reduced without
dinosaurs. explanation.
C) There was actually no mass extinction of C) They are not consistent with the minimum
dinosaurs , though eventually they all died. wages of other jobs .
D) Most dinosaur species died prior to the D) They are insufficient because of the policies of
period after the Cretaceous period . the mine owners.
s.rom 165
CONTINUE
Module
1
- The GRL paper focuses on one region of the

Southern Ocean extending from the tip of South
America to the tip of the Antarctic Peninsula.
- Emily Dickenson'spoems were edited by her
friends before publication to match the tastes of
the times. Her personal style still shines through ,
"The Drake Passage is the windiest, roughest as in the way she personifies books in her poem
part of the Southern Ocean)" says Colm Sweeney, "In a Library ": __
lead investigator on the Drake Passage study
and co - author on the GRL paper, "The critical Which quote from "In a Library" most effectively
element to this study is that we were able to illustrates the claim?
sustain measurements in this harsh environment
as long as we have-both in the summer and A) "A precious , mouldering pleasure 't is / To
the winter, in every year over the last 13 years. meet an antique book , / In just the dress his
This data set of ocean carbon measurements is century wore;"
the densest ongoing time series in the Southern B) "What interested scholars most , I What
Ocean." The team was able to take these long -
competitions ran / When Plato was a
term measurements by piggybacking instruments certainty."
on the Antarctic ResearchSupply Vessel Laurence
M. Gould, which makes nearly 20 crossings of the C) "When Sappho was a living girl,/ And
Drake Pas.sageeach year, transportingpeople and Beatrice wore / The gown that Dante deified:'
supplies to and from Antarctic researchstations. D) "Facts, centuries before,/ He traverses
familiar,/ As one should come to town"
According to the text, why are the results of the
Drake Passage study unique'
A) They used more complete measurements than

any other study of the region.
B) They were derived using equipment that had
not previously been used.
C) They incorporated chemical measurements as
well as other forms of data .
D) It was the first study to focus only on the
Southern Ocean.
CONTINUE
Module
1
Ill 1B
If we manage to separate out a clean signal from Percentage of Registered Nurses by Field
a planet outside our solar system and find some
Government (5%} Educational Ser.foes (3%)
features in the light spectrum that might be
indicative of life, we will need to work hard to
think of any non- biological process that might
account for them . "Life is the hypothesis of
last resort ." noted astronomer Carl Sagan . This
Ambulatory
requires some understanding of what processes (outpatient) Hospitals (60%)
might operate on worlds that we will know care (l 8%)
relatively little about ; what we find on Earth can
serve as a guide but also has potential to lead us
astray.
Data from US Bureau of Labor Statistics, June,
Which hypothetical situation is Carl Sagan most
2021
likely warning to avoid in his quote?
Nursing is one of the fields in most demand. with
A) A rover that was sent to Mars discovers a an anticipated annual growth rate of 7 percent
bacteria - like organism when it drills deep through 2029. Although some nurses work only
into the core of the planet. in hospitals . there are actually many options.
B) An astronomer realizes that the atmosphere of especially as the population ages and nurses are
a planet is too hot to sustain life even though needed to tend to the daily needs of seniors. For
it has oxygen. example, __
C) A scientist finds a planet with a large amount \<Vhich choice most effectively uses data from the
of oxygen in its atmosphere so claims that the graph to complete the example'
oxygen is produced by living creatures.
D) A new telescope finds a new planet orbiting A) educational services employed about 3
a star that was previously believed to have no percent of the registered nurses in 2021.
planets . B) fewer registered nurses worked for the
government than in ambulatory care .
C) the percentage of registered nurses working in

nursing homes increased by 7 percent in 2021.
D) about 7 percent of registered nurses in 2021

worked in nursing or residential homes.
CONTINUE
Module
1
Ill
Engineering and Computer Science Stereotypes
Favoring 2
boys
1.5
.: 0.5
01------------
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Favoring . Q. 5 Grade level
girls
LEGEND
Gender -interest
Gender -ability
"Scientists ran an experiment where they found that a diverse set of students believed
gender -interest stereotypes favoring boys in computer science and engineering. Students
developed these stereotypes at a very young age. They also found that Gender -interest
stereotypes were stronger than gender -ability stereotypes. Girls who believed the
stereotypes were _____ .
Which choice most effectively uses data from the graph to complete the text'
A) less skilled than interested in computer science and engineering .
BJ equally skilled and interested in computer science and engineering.
C) less interested in participating in computer science and engineering .
D) more interested in participating in computer science and engineering.
CONTINUE
Module
1
Ill Ill
The following text is adapted from Jefferson Keel's Behavioral activation is a type of talk therapy that
2011 statement, "The Indian Reorganization helps a patient get unstuck from negative mood
Act- 75 Years Later: Renewing our Commitment spirals by noticing a connection between what
to Restore Tribal Homelands and Promote Self- they do and how they feel, and gradually adding
determination. " more small and enjoyable actions back into life.
Behavioral activation has the goal of decreasing
Two years ago, our shared vision and the avoidance) bolstering peer connection , and
Federal responsibility to Indian tribes improving engagement in rewarding activities .
were threatened by the Supreme Court's Through behavioral activation, a client works
interpretation of the IRA in Carcieri v. with a counselor to start looking at actions that
Salazar.There are at least 14 pending cases could help boost the mood. For exan1ple, it might
where tribes and the Secretary of Interior are start ·with a goal to get out of one's pajamas and to
under challenge. There are many more tribes shower every morning . Feeling a little bit better
whose land - to - trust applications have simply just by taking that step, the patient then could
been frozen while the Department of Interior reach out to get extra support catching up in
works through painstaking legal and historical poor school subjects. ln other words) rather than
analysis . We are seeing harassment litigation waiting to feel better, the patient does things that
against tribes who were on treaty reservations align with personal values and that ¾ill lead to
in 1934 with a BIA superintendent. Land feeling better.
acquisitions are delayed . Lending and credit
are drying up. Jobs are lost or never created Based on the text, why is behavioral activation
We fear that this will continue to get worse successful in treating depression?
until Congress acts. Even worse, this decision
will create two classes of Indian tribes: A) It encourages the patient to do what feels most
those who will benefit from Federal trust comfortable at the time.
responsibility and those who will not.
B) It uses incremental steps to form patterns of
According to the text, why is the Carcieri decision behavior that alter emotions.
especially problematic? C) it focuses on solving the problems that
triggered the depressed behavior .
A) It did not adhere to the exact wording of the
D) It emphasizes long - term goals that can be
original 1934 legislation.
attempted when the patient is healthy
B) It asserted that the 1934 legislation only
applies to specific Native Americans.
C) It cre,ited new methods by which the Native
Americans could regain lands .
D) It set precedents that facilitated the

establishment of tribal governments .
CONTINUE
Module
1
Ill
In the Solomon Islands. co·wry shells were sewn Numerous theorists have offered minimum wage
into long pieces of cloth as a form of currency, as a mechanism for leveling economic inequality
and although __ use has declined, they have by enabling lower- paid workers to earn more
not been completely replaced by modem coinage. money. However, Professor David Neumark, in
conjunction with Dr. William Wascher of the
Which choice completes the text so that it Federal Reserve Board, __ with this view. The
conforms to the conventions of Standard English? results of their literaturesurvey covering over
JOO papers revealed that only 10 percent reported
A) its positive results and over two- thirds documented
B) their increased disparity.
C) there Which choice completes the text so that it

D) they're conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
A) dissent
B) dissents
- Volcanoes come in all sizes and shapes, but they

all fall into three basic structural patterns known
as cinder cone, __ shield formations.
C) dissenting
D) have dissented

People in developed nations often take water for
A) composite (or stratovolcano), and __ over 2 billion people in the world do not
B) composite, (or stratovolcano), and have access to safe drinking water; 670 million
people have no handwashing facilities at all.
C) composite (or stratovolcano) and.
D) composite, (or stratovolcano) and, Which choice completes the text so that it
A) granted but;
B) granted; but
C) granted, but
D) granted but
CONTINUE
Module
1
Ill
Wheat and rice are the most common cereal crops According to __ the variation among the
in the world and are consumed as the staple part sites would increase over time. as random chance
of diets in many countries. but there are many caused different species to go extinct in some
other cereal __ that can be eaten directly or areas but not others.
fed to meat animals.
vl'hich choice completes the text so that it
A) Clark the neutral model would predict that:
A) crops- such as rye and sorghum-
B) Clark, the neutral model would predict that
B) crops, such as rye, and sorghum,
C) Clark, the neutral model would predict: that
C) crops- such as rye and sorghum)
D) Clark the neutral model would predict , that
D) crops, such as rye and sorghum -
- Inuit is the common name for a group of

indigenous peoples who live in the arctic and
subarctic regions. The term was originally used
Ill
There are so many sub- fields in science that
sometimes the distinctions are hard to determine)
and many overlap. __ paleontology is the
study of ancient life) including creatures ranging
by the Alaskan lnupiat people, so is not always from as small as microbes to as large as dinosaurs,
used in self- reference by all the __ Labrador, but paleoichthyology focuses exclusively on the
Quebec. Nunavut. and the Northwest Territories. study of prehistoric fish.
Which choice completes the text so that it 'Nhich choice completes the text with the most
conforms to the conventions of Standard English' logical transition?
A) sub - groups in Greenland, A) Or else,
B) sub - groups in: Greenland, B) Even so,
C) sub - groups in: Greenland C) For instance,
D) sub - groups; in Greenland, D) On the whole,
CONTINUE
Module
1
Ill
E-choloc.ationis a form of sonar in which an
animal emits a sound and, using the resulting
echo. can locate and identify various objects.
Echolocation is highly developed in only a few
species. such as bats. whales and dolphins. __
it is also present in a limited form among shrews
and t\vo species of cave- dwelling birds.

logical transition?
A) However.
BJ Consequently,
CJ Accordingly,
DJ Clearly,
It turns out that 21.6 percent of the population

in the United States are bilingual and speak a
language other than English in their homes.
__ that may seem like a large percentage)it
is fur lower than the worldwide average of 43
percent of the population speaking at least two
languages.

logical transition?
AJ Although
BJ Because
CJ Despite
DJ Since
CONTINUE
Module
1
While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes:
• Maya Angelou was a famous civil rights activist, poet, and author, though she held
many other roles throughout her life.
• I Know Why the Caged BirdSings ( 1969) is one of her most acclaimed books; it
publicly reveals details about her private life up to the age of 17.
• She was asked to read the poem •on the Pulse of Morning" at President Bill Clinton's
inauguralceremony in 1993.
• She directed her first movie, Down the Delta, in 1996, though she had previously
participatedin acting and production of other mO\ries.
• Published in 2013 when she was 85 years old, Mom & Me & Mom recounts her
complex relationshipwith her o·wn mother.
• At her death in 2014) she was working on a new book about her experiences with
different world leaders.
The student wants to emphasize an underlying theme in some of Maya AngeJouSbooks.

Which choice most effectively uses relevant information from the notes to accomplish
this goal'
A) Maya Angelou wrote a ·wide variety of works in her later years. including Down the
Delta and Mom & Me & Mom.
B) Many of Maya Angelou's works, such as / Know Why the Caged Bird Sings and Mom &
J\,fe & J\,fom, are autobiographical.
C) Maya Angelou had close contact with many world leaders, as shown by reading "O n
the Pulse of Morning" at President Bill Clinton's 1993 inaugural ceremony and writing
a book on the subject prior to her death .
D) While some of her books received great critical acclaim, such as/ Know Why the
Caged BirdSings, others were not popular, such as Mom & Me & Mom .
CONTINUE
Module
1
- While researching a topic) a student has taken the

following notes:
• In 1803, Luke Howard first defined the

different categories of clouds .
• Cirro - form clouds are high and wispy, like

curls of hair. They usually appear before a
change in weather.
• Cumulo- form clouds are tall, reaching

from low to high in the sl..-y because they are
formed by rising humid air. They have a flat
base and distinct shapes, like fluffy cotton
balls.
• Strato- form clouds are low) wide, and flat.

They often cover the whole sky in a gray or
white layer and do not have dear edges.
• Nimbo - form clouds are the type that bring

rain or snow. They are actually a combination
of the other three cloud forms. so can be
similar in shape to any of the others.
The student wants to emphasize how nimbo- form

clouds differentiate from the other three types.
\•Vhich choice most effectively uses relevant
information from the notes to accomplish this
goal'
A) Unlike other types of clouds, nimbo - form

clouds produce precipitation.
B) Nimbo - form clouds are much larger than
other types of clouds.
C) Different from other cloud types, nimbo -
forms do not have any shape.
D) While other clouds are low in the sky, nimbo -
form clouds are high.
CONTINUE
Module
2


- The cane toad (Rhine/la marina ) was __ to

South America but was transported to Australia
in 1935 in an attempt to control the beetle
- Be aware that some __ business opportunity
promoters have been known to name
"insiders" who give glowing - but bogus -
infestations on sugarcane plantation. recommendations. Don't just talk to the few
people they suggest Choose whom to contact .
Which choice completes the text with the most What if what the seller is telling you is different
logical and precise word or phrase? from what's on the disclosure document or what
you hear from another buyer' Step on the brake.
A) innate
B) congenital
C) pandemic
D) endemic A) arguable
B) questionable
C) improbable
D) unresolved
CONTINUE
Module
2
- The following text is adapted from Abraham

..The Business Opportunity Rule governing
Lincoln's last public address. given on April 11, franchise sales says that a seller has to give you
1965 the disclosure document at least seven days
before you sign a contract or pay them anything.
If this course of rejection has any tendency to Use that time to check out the information in
bring Louisiana into proper practical relations the disclosure document. including contacting
with the Union) I have) so far, been unable to references . Be aware that some questionable
perceive it. If, on the contrary, we recognize , business opportunity promoters have been
and sustain the new government of Louisiana known to name "insiders " who give glowing - but
the converse of all this is made true . bogus - recommendations. Don't just talk to
the few people they suggest. Choose whom to
As used in the text, what does the word contact What if what the seller is telling you is
"recognize " most nearly mean? different from what's on the disclosure document
or what you hear from another buyer? Step on
A) identify the brake. An inconsistency could be a tell - tale
B) accept sign of a business opportunity rip-off. However .
it is important to remember that many business
C) realize
investments have a wide range of returns . so not
D) appreciate all differences in profit are a deliberate attempt to
scam a potential buyer.
What is the purpose of the information that the

seller must disclose at least seven days before
signing a contract?
A) To point out that there is adequate time to

make a decision
B) To emphasize that the buyer is under a lot of

pressure
C) To indicate that honest references take time
to find
D) To offer the reason that sellers secure bogus

recommendations
www.vibrantpublishers.rom
CONTINUE
177
Module
2
- In order to learn more about the properties of

fire in space, scientists aboard the International
Space Station have conducted many experiments.
- This passage is adapted from Emma Lazarus's
poem Spring Star.
Over the lamp- lit street,

Their goal is to gain valuable insight into the
mechanisms of fire that will ultimately help Trodden by hurrying feet,
prevent fires on spacecraft or offer solutions to
Where mostly pulse and be,it
quickly extinguish such fires. Flames act very
differently in an environment devoid of gravity Life's throbbing veins,
than they do on Earth. For example, spheres of See where the April star,
light form, and the flames can ignite at extremely
low temperatures.On Earth,a standard gas stove Blue- bright as sapphires are,
burns at about 3100 degcres Fahwnhrit.but a Hangs in deep heavens far,
sustained flame can burn at 900 degrees in the
InternationalSpace Station. Waxes and wanes.
What is the main purpose of the underlined What is the main structure of the text?
portion in the overall structure of the text?
A) It establishes a contrast between two images .
A) It highlights the motivation for conducting B) It shows the futileness of an action.
the experiments.
C) It offers a solution to a problem.
BJ It outlines the methodology the scientists are
D) It elaborates on an extended metaphor ..
using to conduct the experiments.
C) It offers a point of comparison for the results
of the experiments.
D) It presents an example of the phenomenon
viewed in the experiments.
CONTINUE
Module
2
- The following text is adapted from F. Scott

Fitzgerald's 1992 novel, 7/,e Beautiful and the
Damned.
- The Panama Canal stands as one of the greatest
feats of engineering in all time. The idea was not
new- in 1534, Charles, King of Spain) ordered a
survey of the region - but it took until 1904 for
Young Anthony had one picture of his father the self- educated engineer John Frank Stevens to
and mother together - so often had it faced solve the technical problems with an intricate lock
his eyes in childhood that it had acquired system and numerous inventions of equipment
the impersonality of furniture , but everyone for the specialized tasks . Equally important were
who came into his bedroom regarded it with the efforts of Sanitation Engineer William C.
interest It showed a dandy of the nineties . Gorgas, who tirelessly oversaw the efforts to keep
spare and handsome ) standing beside a tall the work crews healthy. Entire cities of workers
dark lady with a muff and the suggestion of and their families needed food, clean water ,
a bustle. Between them was a little boy with medical care) and other essential services.
long brown curls, dressed in a velvet Lord
Fauntleroy suit. This was Anthony at five) the Based on the passage , why is William Gorgas key
year of his mother's death . in building the Panama Canal'
Which choice best summarizes the text? A) He was able to invent equipment that
performed different functions.
A) A young man reminisces about his family.
B) He was a doctor who took care of the workers'
B) A man's family's appearance is explained. medical needs.
C) An aristocrat's achievements are outlined. C) He was zealous about fulfilling duties
D) The cause of a tragic event is revealed . regarding the health of workers.
D) He surveyed the area to determine the best
way to build cities for workers .
www.vibrantpublishers.rom
CONTINUE
179
Module
2
- George Herman "Babe• Ruth, Jr. ( 1895- 1948)

played 22 seasons of Major League baseball.
He started as a left- handed pitcher but made
The extreme temperatureson the planet Mercury
make it unlikely that there is any life on the
planet in a fonn we would recognize. Mercury
his fame as an outfielder and powerful batter, is closest to the Sun) and therefore the daytime
earning the title "Home Run King.• Despite the temperaturesare extremely hot, up to 800 degrees
decades that have passed since he stepped off the Fahrenheit (430 degrees Celsius). Since there
field, Babe Ruth is still a household name and is only a residual atmosphere, nights are much
considered one of the greatest American sports colder. In fact) despite its proximity to the Sun.
heroes. He was fortunatein that respect. as funs Mercury__
celebrated his triumph s against the background
of news from World War I and the 1918 influenza Which choice most logically completes the text'
pandemic.
A) has an egg- shaped orbit which changes its
Based on the text, what is one reason why Babe distance from the Sun.
Ruth became so famous?
B) rotates around the Sun faster than any other
planet , in only 88 days.
A) He was an excellent pitcher.
C) is approximatelythe same size as Earth's
B) He showed people success during a grim time.
moon and covered with craters.
C) He fought in World War I.
D) might even be cold enough to have permanent
D) He suffered from the 1918 influenza water ice near the poles.
pandemic.
CONTINUE
Module
2
Ill 1B
Median annual wages for urban and regional JOO
planners in selected industries in the United l 80
States, May, 20 I 9
Median Income r
E
60
"-
,E 40
20
({Jf!'~ ~ -
n=IS n=3 n=4 o:Jl n=IO
; ; • 3
1
s
t J •r •l.
• .,,_
"s- ]
.ll
:
=
.,,_ ;i; <) 5
I J..ledi:uiIncome I "s- .F
;i;
The median annual wage for urban and regional "This study, authored solely by Sugiura Shinji,
planners was $73,050 in May 2018. The median an ecologist from Kobe University in Japan)
wage is the wage at which half the workers in an describes how the Japanesewater scavenger beetle
occupation earned more than that amount and (Regimbartiaattenuate) manages to extricate
half earned less. The lowest 10 percent earned less itself from inside several species of frog within
than $45,180, and the highest IO percent earned 6 hours of being swallowed . Active escape of the
more than $114. 170. The median rate varies aquatic beetle Regimbartia attenuata from the
depending on the field of the planning as well. For vents of five frog species via the digestive tract.
instance) the median income is __ . Although adult beetles were easily eaten by frogs ,
•
Which choice most effectively completes the
example using information from the graph?
graph to complete the text'
A) higher for state government employees than
for local government employees
A) a muimum of 65% of swallowed beetles were
B) greater for those in architectural. engineering. excreted were still alive.
and related fields than for those in any
B) on average the swallowed beetles were
government position
excreted did not survive.
C) lower for those working in the government
C) it took less than 6 hours for the swallowed
than for those who work in private industries
beetles to be extracted .
such as engineering or related services
D) an average of 90% of swallowed beetles were
D) not as high for management , scientific , and
excreted were still alive.
technical consulting service employees as it is
for local government employees.
CONTINUE
Module
2
The following text is adapted from Herman

Melville's 1851 novel, Moby Dick; or Tl,e Whale.
- The planet Venus is the second closest to the
Sun in our solar system , but is generally hotter
than the closest planet ) Mercury - the average
I always go to sea as a sailor, bee.a.useof temperature is 462 degrees Celsius. That is
the wholesome exercise and pure air of the because the atmosphere contains about 96
forecastle deck. For as in this world, head percent carbon dioxide , creating a greenhouse
winds are far more prevalent than winds effect that is like having a giant blanket over the
from astern (that is, if you never violate the planet that retains the heat The sulfuric acid in
Pythagoreanmaxim), so for the most part) the atmosphere makes it very reflective ) so Venus
the Commodore on the quarter - deck gets his is the second brightest object in the night sky after
atmosphere at second hand from the sailors the Moon.
on the forecastle. He thinks he breathes it
first; but not so. In much the same way do According to the text, what is most likely true
the commonalty lead their leaders in many about the planet Mercury'
other things . at the same time that the leaders
little suspect it But wherefore it was that after A) It does not have any sulfuric acid in its
having repeatedly smelt the sea as a merchant atmosphere .
sailor, 1should now take it into my head to go
B) Its temperature never exceeds 462 degrees
on a whaling voyage; this the invisible police
Celsius.
officer ofthe Fates.
C) It has less than 96 percent urbon dioxide in
With which idea about captains would the its atmosphere .
narratormost likely agree?
D) It is difficult to locate in the night sky because
it is dark.
A) They have worked hard to earn their position.
B) They are greatly worthy of respect
C) They do not understand the needs of simple
sailors .
D) They are mistaken about the extent of their

power.
CONTINUE
Module
2
Ill
Coffee is the third most consumed beverage in
.. Marilyn Monroe , the iconic actress and fashion
the worldt a wekome statistic for the people in model from the 1950s and '60s, is attributed as
Uganda, __ is the leading cash crop. _ women rarely make history." In reality, the
credit should go to Laurel Thatcher Ulrich, who
Which choice completes the text so that it was a student at the time but who later went on to
conforms to the conventions of Standard English' become a professor at Harvard University.
A) there, it Which choice completes the text so that it

B) where it
C) which A) saying that, "Well- behaved
D) it B) having said that: "well- behaved
C) she said, "Well- behaved
D) saying that "well- behaved
Ill
A classic image of colonial cooperation, __ .
Martha kept detailed records of her experiences
in the American frontier for over three dee.a.des.
Ill
Volunteers of America is a non - profit
Which choice completes the text so that it organization which helps homeless, disabled ,
conforms to the conventions of Standard English' senior, and other underserved individuals regain
a balanced life. Over the past 125 years, the __
A) the diary of an 18th- century midwife named have helped an average of 1.5 million people
Martha Ballard documents several quilting annually.
bees
B) an 18th- century midwife named Martha
Ballard documented several quilting bees in
her diary
A) volunteers efforts'
C) Martha Ballard, an 18th- century midwife,
B) volunteer's efforts
documented several quilting bees in her diary
C) volunteers' efforts
D) several quilting bees were documented in
the diary of an 18th- century midwife named D) volunteers's efforts'
Martha Ballard
CONTINUE
Module
2
Henry Wadsworth Longfellow's detailed poems

gre.atly influenced the perception of various
historical events, such as Paul Revere's nighttime
-
Inflation is when the prices of goods and services
generally increase, resulting in a decrease in the
purchasing power of money. Economists debate
ride during the American Revolutionary war, about the effects of low levels of __ high levels
even though he sometimes sacrificed accuracy for of inflation are universally accepted as disruptive
eloquence to make the poems more engaging . to an economy .
A) sacrificed accuracy for eloquence A) inflation,
B) sacrificed- accuracy for eloquence - B) inflation;
C) sacrificed: accuracy for eloquence C) inflation:
D) sacrificed (accuracy for eloquence) D) inflation
El
Archaeologists determined that a pair of sandals
made from sagebrush bark that were found in
a cave in Oregon in 1939 are actually the oldest
extant example of shoes in the __ specimens
have been dated to between 7,000 and 8,000 BCE.
\•Vhich choice completes the text so that it

A) world; and the
B) world. Because the
C) world, the
D) world. The
CONTINUE
Module
2
Ill Ill
EdwardTingatinga'sprofessionalart career only Tropical saltwater fish are beautiful to watch, but
lasted four years. __ he is considered one of they take a lot of time and special equipment to
the most influential modern African painters and maintain properly.That equipment is not cheap,
was the founder of an art style now archetypalin either. A standard tank with fish can easily cost
Tanzania. around $2,000 to set up, and there are monthly
expenses such as food, salt. and minerals ) which
Which choice completes the text with the most can run over $35 a month for a SO- gallon tank.
logical transition? __ the upkeep alone is equivalent to over two
coffee lattes from a specialty store every week.
A) Therefore,
vl'hich choice completes the text with the most
B) Even so, logic.al transition?
C) Specifically,
A) On the other hand,
D) Moreover,
B) Even so,
C) In addition ,
D) In other words,
Ill
Dogs trained for search and rescue have the same
goal of finding humans , but there are actually
two main methods that the dogs use to reach
this goal. One is called air sc.ent, in which a dog
sniffs its surroundings and makes a straight line
for the target once the scent is detected . __
a dog sniffs the ground and follows the specific
route that the person took . even if the path is very
convoluted This method is called tracking .

logical transition?
A) Furthermore ,
B) Precisely.
C) However,
D) Alternatively,
CONTINUE
Module
2
• Ada Lovelace (nee Byron) was born 1815 and was very interested in science and math
from an early age, so her tutor introduced her to the mathematician Charles Babbage.
• Babbage is considered the "Fatherof the computer"because he invented an

"Analytical Machine." which he used to calculate numbers .
• It is possible that Lovelace wrote the first computer program in the world because she
helped design programs for the Anal}~ical Machine.
• In a 1842- 1843 Italian translation explaining how the Analytical Machine worked,
she wrote down a program in an appendix:that was not in the original materials
provided by Babbage.
• She reali2ed that the Anal}~ical Machine could be used for non - numerical purposes
if other symbols such as letters or musical notes were substituted.
The student wants to emphasize that Ada Lovelace'scontributions to mathematics are

just as important as Charles Babbage's. Which choice most effectively uses relevant
information from the notes to accomplish this goal?
A) Charles Babbage is famous for creating the Analytical Machine, but Ada Lovelace also
was interested in explaining how it worked to others, even in different languages.
B) Ada Lovelace wrote a program for the Analytical Machine in 1842- 1843, without
which Charles Babbage would not have been able to create a working computer.
C) Charles Babbage, Ada Lovelace's tutor, introduced her to the Anal}~ical Machine , and
she excelled beyond his abilities at using it.
D) Although Babbage invented the Analytical Machine, Ada Lovelace was able to
explain how it worked, create effective programs, and offer additional uses beyond
mathematical calculations.
CONTINUE
Module
2
• EdwardTingatinga was born in 1932 in a small town called Namochelia in Tanzania.
• An art movement was named after his unique style of cartoon- like animals and
landscapes.
• He tried his hand as a musician , and only started painting in 1968. His work was first
done using recycled materials like old boards and bicycle paint
• His work became popular among touristsso he was able to be an artist full time. He
started a gallery and studio in 1970.
• In 1972 he was accidentally killed by a policeman who mistook him for someone else.
• His students continue to paint using his style and today his gallery is the largest in
Africa.
The student wants to emphasize how influential Edward Tingatinga's painting is in Africa.
Which choice most effectively uses relevant information from the notes to accomplish
this goal'
A) Edward Tingatinga painted using recycled materials , which started a trend towards
using recycled art by a wide range of artists.
B) Though his art career only lasted four years, Edward Tingatinga's art was appealing
enough to build a following that carries on the art style today.
C) Edward Tingatinga was the most popular artist of animals and landscapes for tourists
to Africa, so his original paintings are highly sought - after today.
D) Despite using recycled materials , Edward Tingatinga became so famous that other
artists copied and sold pictures of his artwork.

Module
2
- Yellowstone National Park is a popular tourist

site , but it is also an active supervokano. Over the
past 2.1 million years, it has erupted with such
force that there are layers made of ash and pumice
400 meters thick in places. The most recent
giant explosion ) about 640,000 million years ago,
emitted huge amounts of lava. __ Now, the
park& famous geysers and hot springs are heated
by the remaining pools of magma , which are at
most 15 percent of their former size.
\•Vhich choice most effectively anticipates and

addresses a relevant counterargument to the
assertion presented in the passage?
A) About 70,000 years ago, there was another

eruption, but it was not of the same
magnitude and consisted mostly of lava.
B) Geologists have detennined that Yellowstone

had three supereruptions as well as several
lesser eruptions.
C) One might expect a giant peak , but so

much magma poured out each time that the
underlying reservoirs collapsed and formed a
giant caldera .
D) The region to the southwest , the Snake

River Plain , had eruptions prior to the
supereruptions at Yellowstone.
STOP
CONTINUE
Module
1
Math
The questio ns in this sectio n add ress a number of importa nt math skills. Use of a calcu lator is permi tted
for all questio ns.
ifltllii
Unless otherwise indicated:•All variables and expressionsrepresent real numbers.• Figures provided
are d rawn to scale. • All figures lie in a plane. • The dom ain of a give n functio n is the set of all real
numbers x for which /{x) is a real number.
G
t
CJ w b~ ~ x s~
0
45°
b a x,{3 s
I
A= nr2 A= l w A= bh cl = a2 + b2 Special Right Triangles
C = 2,rr
2
B "
V = t wh
V E:}, @
V = ,rr 2h V = 1,rrJ
4 &
V =½1rr2h V=
3
I
t wh
w
The number of deg rees of arc in a circle is 360.

The number of radians of arc in a circle is 2rr.
The sum of the measures in degrees of the angles of a triangle is 180.

Mod ule
1
For multiple-choice questions, solve each problem , choose the correct

answer from the choices provided , and then circle your answer in this
book . Circle only one answer for each question . If you change your mind,
comp letely erase the circle. You will not get credit for questions with more
For student-produced response questions, solve each problem and write

below .
Once you've written your answer, circle it clearly. You w ill not receive
answer.
Your answer can be up to 5 characters for a positive answer and up to
6 characters (including the negat ive sign) for a negative answer, but no
more .
• If your answer is a fraction that is too long (over S characters for positive, 6
characters for negative), write the decimal equiva lent.
• If your answer is a decima l that is too long (over S characters for positive,
• If your answer is a mixed number (such as 3.!. 2 ), write it as an improper
• Don't inclu de symbols such as a percent sign, comma, or dollar sign in

Module
1
- Which of the following describes the

transformationof a circle with the equation
(x - 3)' + (y + 6)' = 49 to a circle with the equation
- If the number of weeds on a farm is represented
by the function fix)= 1,300( 1.995}', where xis in
weeks, which of the following statements is true
(x - 2)' + y' + By= 33' about the model'
A) The circle moves 1 to the right and 2 up A) The number of weeds on the farm in the
beginning was 1.995
B) The circle moves 1 to the right and 2 down
B) The number of weeds on the farm increases
C) The circle moves 1 to the left and 2 up
by 1.995 every x weeks
D) The circle moves 1 to the left and 2 down
C) The number of weeds on the farm increases
by 99.5% every x weeks
D) The number of weeds on the farm increases
-
by 1300 every x weeks
How many solutions are there to the equation
-
below?
(x - 1)(x + 2) = x (x - 3)

A) 0
(x - 2)2 (x + 2)"
B)
C) 2 A) x' - 8x'+l6
D) 4 B) x' - 16
C) x'+Bx+ 16
D) x' + 16
- If the system below has an infinite number of

solutions, what would be the value of p '
3(x - 6)- 2 (x + 2)=px - 5x - 22

Module
1
A food scientist measures 27 different foods

whose calorie content is shown below. What is the
difference between the mean and the median of
-
30 Grade 11 students in a summer math class
were asked what is the hardest subject for them.
80% of the students said that Statistics was the
the calorie content of the 27 foods, rounded to the hardest while the rest chose Physics as the hardest
nearest tenth of a calorie? subject. Which of the following statements can
best be concluded from this information'
Calorie c,o ntent Frequency
JOO 6 A) 80% of the students in the summer math class
180 9 think Statistics is the hardest subject.
280 11 B) 20% of the Grade 11 students think Statistics
35-0 I is the hardest subject
C) 80% of the Grade 11 students in the math
summer class think Physics is the hardest
subject.
-
D) 20% of the grade 11 students in the math
summer class think Physics is the hardest
subject.
What is the x- intercept for the following equation
x=3 1• 1 +~ 1
3 .
A)
B) 3
C) 2
5
3
-
lf - 3(x+ 3)2 + 9+x= ax'+ bx+ c, what is the
value of a+ b + c?
D) I
3

Module
1
1111
Ifthe maximum point for a quadratic equation
f(x) is (3, 2), and it passes through the point (2,
0), which of the following is a solution for x to the
- If (a, b) is a solution to the following system of
inequalities. which of the following represents the
minimum value of b?
quadratic equation?
y;,, 2 (x - 3)' + 5
A) - 2 ysx+3
B) 4 A) 3
B) -3
C) - 16
C) -5
D) 12 D) 5
Ill Ill
What is the value of the slope of a line that passes What is the volume of a sphere with a radius of 3'
through the origin and point (3, 5)'
3
A) -
5
B)
C)
5
-
3
3
5
- If the system of equations below has no solution,
which of the following would be a possible value
ofp
5
D)
3 3x - 4y= 8
px+ By+ 6 = 0'
A) - 6
B) 6
C) 2
D) - 2

Module
1
Ill Ill
What is the center for the equation of the circle What are the possible solutions to the equation
given below below
x' + 6x + y' - 6y =63?
A) (3, - 3) A) 2
B) (6, - 6) B) 10
C) (- 6, 6) C) 2 and 10
D) (- 3, 3) D) - 2and - 10
Ill Ill
If one of the solutions for the quadratic equation 5 2 4 2 I .
If - = - and - - - =- - , what 1s the value of
3+ lg X y X y 5
below is - -~ , what is the value of g?
3 xy?
3x' - 6x - ll
Ill 1111
Which of the following is NOT a solution to the If 3x' + 7x+ 9 3x+l3+~. What is the value
following inequality x-2 x-2
- 2x :2: - 4 - x? of A'
A) 4 A) 19
B) 5 B) 7
C) 3 C) 35
D) 2 D) - 23

Module
1
Ill
A zookeeper conducted a study on the mass of
penguins in the zoo. He found that the mean
mass of the penguins in the zoo is 67.9 kgs.
He estimated that the margin of error for the
mean mass is 4.5 kgs. Which of the following
statements can best be concluded from the study
he conducted?
A) The mass of the penguins in the zoo is

between 72.4 kgs and 63.4 kgs.
BJ The mass of all penguins is 67.9 kgs.
C) The median mass of penguins in the zoo lies

DJ The mean mass of the penguins in the zoo lies

Ill
How many solutions does the system below have?
3(x - 3J + 2(x + yJ =Sx + 2y - 9
A) 0
BJ Infinitely many
CJ
DJ 2

Module
2
Math
The questions in this section address a number of impo rta nt math skills. Use of a calcu lator is permitted
for all questions.
ifltllii
Unless otherwiseindicated:•All variables and expressionsrepresent real numbers.•Figures provided
are drawn to scale. • All figures lie in a plane. • The domain of a given functio n is the set of all real
numbersx for which /{x) is a real number.
G
t
CJ w b~ ~x s~
0
45°
b a x,{3 s
I
C = 2,rr
2
B "
V = t wh
V E:}, @
4 &
V =½1rr2h V=
I
3
t wh
w

The numberof radians of arc in a circle is 2rr.

Module
2
For mu lti pl e-choice questi on s, solve each prob lem, choose the correct
For stude nt-p rod uced res ponse question s, solve each problem and write
below .
Once you've written your answer, circle it clearly . You will not receive
answer.
more .
your circled answer .

Module
2
- Which of the following equations is equal to

3(x + 5)' - 2(x - 5)' + 2x?
- Which of the following best descr ibes the line of
best fit for the graph below'
A) x' +x + 125 ---+---- 20-+-----+----
BJ 3x' + 52x + 25
CJ x' - 2x - 25
DJ x' + 52x + 25 •
-
- 10 0
I 2x
-- + -- , for all values of x, where x *2 and
x-2 5-x
-+-I- I
A) y= - x+8
4
B) y=4x+8
2x' -Sx +5 I
A) C) y= - x-8
-x' +7x- 10 4
2x + l -1
BJ --
-3
D) y=-x+8
4
CJ --
2x + l
3
2x +1
DJ
(S-x)(x-2)
- What is the value of y for the system below'
3(x - 2) + Sy= 2
y = - 2(x - SJ

Module
2
- If angle AO B is
12
!.._ ;r , what is the value of the arc
- If the difference of the sum of the interior angles
in a hexagon and that of a heptagon is an, what is
the value of a?
length AB, given that the radius of the circle is 6
cm?
0
- Given that }{3) = 2 and }{6) = - 3, which of the
following functions best describes fix)'
5
A) f(x)=--x+7
3
A) 12ncm 2
B) f(x)=-x-6
B) 36ncm 3
3
7 C) f(x)=- - x
C) -ncm 5
2
21 3
D) - ;c cm D) f(x)= - x+2
2 5
What is the sum of the roots for the equation

given below
- Given that 2(x + 4)
x+ 6?
= 18, what is the value of
2x' +6x+ 18=0' A) 9
B) 5
A) 3
C) - 4
B) - 3
D) 11
C) 9
D) - 9

Module
2
1111
An educational fair is attended by students and
parents in a state. lf2 ,000 students attended the
fair, and the ratio of students to parents in the fair
- Which of the following coordinates represent a
solution to the following system of inequalities
y > - 3x+ 5
is 5:3.5, how many people attended the fair'
y> 2x'
A) (2, 4)
B) (1, 4)
C) (4, 3)
ID
D) (2, I)
Find the percent decrease from the actual valuey
for when x =4 and the predicted value y for when
x=4 .
Ill
What is one possible positive solution to the
equation below?
• 3lx - 4l=6
•
- 10 0 10
-+-.IH---------+---
A) 22.22%
B) 33.33%
C) 50%
D) 18.18%

Module
2
Ill 1111
If AB= DC and segment AD is parallel to What is the value of the slope of a line
segment BC, and AD= 12, DC= 10, and perpendicular to the line Sx - 6y + 30 =0
BC =28, find the area of the figure ABCD below
(not drawn to scale) .
Ill
B C Which of the following is equivalent to cos 72°?
A) tall 18°
A) 120
BJ sin 72°
B) 60
C) sin 18°
C) 96 D) cos 18°
D) 48
Ill
Ill The weather channel predicted that there will be a
How many solutions does the equation below 0.26 chance that it will rain this week. What is the
have probability that it will not rain this week'
2 IX+ 3 I - 3 IX+ 3 I=- 2' A) 0.62
BJ 0.74
A) 0
C) 0.26
B)
D)
C) 2
D) There isn't sufficient information to answer
the question.
s.rom 203 CONTINUE
Module
2
What is the maximum value oft for the given

equation v(t)?
- Which of the following is a solution to the
inequality Ix+ 3 I >4'
v(t) =- 31' + 9t + 12 A) - 5
B) - 9
C) - 2
D) - 7
El
If the semi - circle below has a radius of 7 and
angle PQR =60°, what is the length of side PR'
- If3x + 4y =31 and 2x + 3y =22, what is the value

ofx+ y?
A) 9
R Q B) 5
C) 4
D) 11
A) 14
B) 7
C) 7.J2
D)
STOP

Answer Key

- "
"
"
0
'ij
-~-
:, ;i 19
.g
i
-
'.:I
t
" -
t: t: i: :, t:
0 0 0 0 0
u 0 u ::e V 0 u u
I. C I. D I. C I. D
2. B 2. B 2. B 2. A
3. C 3. B 3. 6 3. -2
4. A 4. A 4. C 4. A
5. B 5. C 5. A 5. C
6. D 6. B 6. 29.3 6. B
7. D 7. B 7. C 7.
8. D 8. C 8. D 8. A
9. A 9. B 9. - 38 9. D
10. A 10. D 10. B 10. 2400
II. C II. A II. C II. D
12. D 12. D 12. D 12. B
13. C 13. D 13. 36rr 13. 2or6
14. B 14. C 14. A 14. A
15. B 15. B 15. D 15. C
16. B 16. D 16. 42 16. - 6/5
17. A 17. D 17. B 17. C
18. B 18. C 18. B 18. B
19. C 19. A 19. 10 3/2 or
19.
20. A 20. D 20. C 1.5
21. A 21. B 21. D 20. D
22. B 22. B 22. B 21. B
23. C 23. D 22. A
24. A 24. D
25. A 25. D
26. B 26. B
27. A 27. C

I
I. Level: Hard I Domain: CRAFT AND 3. Level: Easy I Domain: CRAFT AND
STRUCTURE STRUCTURE
Skill/Knowledge: Words in Context Skill/Knowledge: Words in Context
Key Exp lanat i on: Choke C is the best answer Key Explanation: Choic.e C is the best answer
because it refers to something that is used as because C refers to the gradual amassing or
a standard of comparison. It fits the context acquisition of something. It fits the context of
of saying that 25 healthy people were used as describing what aspect of bioactive compounds -
comparisons for the 163 patients with major in this case) nutrients - in vegetables is affected
depressive disorder or bipolar disorder. by salt stress . The sentence can be paraphrased
by saying that salt changes the rate that bioactive
Distractor Explanation: None of the other compounds amass .
choices describe the 25 healthy patients . Choic.e A
refers to "'experts," but the experts on the subject Distractor Explanation: None of the other
were conducting the experiment , not taking choices fits the context of describing what aspect
placebos as part of the test. Choice B refers to of biological compounds is affected by salt. Choice
limitations rather than comparisons. Choice D A refers to how well one focuses one's thoughts,
refers to orders. so it does not apply to inanimate things. Choice
B also does not refer to inanimate things, as it
2. Level: Easy I Domain: CRAFT AND describes the emotion of being committed to a
STRUCTURE purpose. Choke Dis incorrect because it refers
Skill/Knowledge: Words in Context to bringing activities, not things, into one place
under one form of control or leadership.
Key Exp lanati on: Choice B is the best answer
because the text is describing a trend among 4. Level: Hard I Domain: CRAFT AND
parasites: almost none are mammals . The blank STRUCTURE
portion is a noun that describes the vampire bat) Skill/Knowledge: Text Structure and Purpose
which is a parasitic mammal. Choice B refers to
something that does not follow the general rule, so Key Explanation: Choic.e A is the best answer
perfectly describes a parasite that does not fit the because the sentence says that HEPHLI regulates
usual pattern. an enzyme that needs copper. Later, the passage
points out that copper is related to Menkes
Distrac .tor Explanations: Choice A is incorrect
disease. Therefore, the second sentence shows how
because it refers to a strange or unusual habit or HEPHLI might be related: a change in copper
characteristic that stands out, not to an object that
changes how lysy) oxidasefunctions. and that
does not fit a rule . Choice C is incorrect bec.ause
would appearas the copperabsorptionissuesin
it refers to something that is not the same shape
Menkes disease
or quality , such as sound or appearance. Choice
D is incorrect because it refers to an individual Distractor Explanation: Choice B is incorrect
preference that is unusual. because the sentence does not refer to hair
abnormalities or Menkes disease, only to
I
HEPHLI. Choi«: C is incorrect because the 6. Level: Hard I Domain: CRAFT AND
sentence refers to copper intake , but not iron STRUCTURE
intake . There is no discussion of whether an Skill/Knowledge: Text Structure and Purpose
"imbalance " or "too much of one compared to
the other" causes Menkes disease either. It is Key Explanation: Choice D is the best answer
possible the syndrome can occur when they are in because the author follows the phrases about
balance but at too low or high a dose. Choice D extraterrestrial life with a question that asks
is incorrect because the second sentence does not how such life has changed from "sci- 6 fair}~ale
relate to mice . It is possible that other creatures are to a serious scientific endeavor. " The author is
better for study of Menkes disease . emphasizing the transition in how people perceive
extraterrestrial life. In the past . it was viewed as
something "impossibll' or "not real;' and the
5. Leve l: Medium I Domain: CRAFT AND
phrases highlight that image . The phrases provide
STRUCTURE
a strong contrast to the "credible" or "believable"
nature of extraterrestrial life today, which the
author summarizes in the concept that the
Key Explanatio n : Choice B is the best answer
search for life is "modeled by macroeconomists ,
bee.a.usethe paragraph is outlining various
funded by fiscal conservatives , and discussed by
potential problems to underwater habitats . The
theologians."
author indicates that there are many different
potential problems, so "deep ocean habitats may
Distractor Explanat ion: Choice A is incorrect
be negatively affected " The quotations come after
because the author never describes the appearance
this discussion and are preceded with "however:
of extraterrestrial life. The phrases may evoke
which shows that they are a contradiction to the
images, but they do not act as a contrast for the
previous idea. Therefore ) they are included to
current beliefs about what life outside Earth might
show the opposite side of the argument. They
look like. Choke 8 is incorrect because the images
indic:ate that as yet, despite the author •s concerns,
evoked by the phrases are all theatrical forms
there has been no "elevated levels of mortality " or
of aliens. They do not necessarily reflect what
"evide nce . .. of harm.' '
scientists think actual extraterrestrial life might
look like, and do not "encourage " or "suggest" that
Distractor Exp lanati on: Choice A is incorrect
the reader think about anything other than the
bee.a.usethe claims made in the quote support
stereotypes. Choice C is incorrect because, while
the same idea: very little damage occurs to ocean
the phrases may be "lighthearted ;' the purpose is
creatures. Therefore , the views are not different
not to make the reader laugh. The purpose is to
from each other . Choi ce C is incorrect because
emphasize the important point that the new view
"undermine' ' refers to weakening an argument.
of extraterrestrial life is very serious compared to
However, the quotes strengthen rather than
views of such life in the past.
weaken the idea that systems are safe. Choice
D is incorrect because the conclusions oppose
rather than strengthen the paragraph's main claim 7. Level: Medium I Domain: CRAFT AND
that there are risks from tidal energy systems to STRUCTURE
aquatic habitats and creatures. Skill/Knowledge: Cross - Text Connections

I
Key Explanation: Choice D is the best answer you fellows get in this country is SSOO a year;·
that both authors would agree upon. The author which indicates th at the wages of the miners
of Text 1 says that there was a mass extinction Mother Jones is addressing is typical of the rest in
at the end of the Cretaceous period ) indicating the country. Choice B is incor rect beca use th ere
that most species did not survive past th at time: is no indic.ation th at the wages are "periodically"
they died before the next period The auth or of or "sometimes" lowered or reduced; the problem
Text 2 says that there was no mass extinction , is that th e amount of money is not enough for
but th at the "last major repr esentatives liv[ed] to expenses. Choice C is incorrect because the re is
approximately the end of the Cretaceous pe riod:' no reference to the amount of money people earn
In other words, they died off slowly ove r time in othe r jobs; it could be that miners earn more )
until th e end of th e period , and most did not live but that their expenses are too high to survive .
into the next period.
9. Level: Medium I Domain: IN FORMAT IO N AND

Distractor Exp lanations: Choice A is incorrect
IDEAS
bec.ause the author of Text 1 says that a meteorite
"'triggered" or "'caused " a mass extinction. Choice
B is incorrect because the author of Text 2 does
Key Explanation: Choic.e A is the best answer
not say whether th e Earth cooled or not; in
because, according to Sweeney) "The critical
addition , the author of Text I says that the change
element" or "important point " of the study
was enough to cause a mass extinction. Choice
was th at the researchers "were able to sustain
C is incor rect beca use Text 1 refers to a mass
measurements in this harsh environment as
extinction .
long as [they) have-bot h in th e summe r and
the winter, in every year ove r the last 13 years.''
8. Leve l: Medium I Domain: INFORMAT ION AND In othe r words, the results of the study were
IDEAS "uniq ue" or "one of a kind'' beca use th ey relied
Skill/Know ledge: Cent ral Ideas and Details on "measurements "' or "data'' th at did not lack
large blocks of time. No previous study had suc h
Key Explanation: Choice D is the best answer com plete data to work with: the Drake Passage
because Mothe r Jones says th at the average wage data "is the densest ongoing time series in the
is $5-00 a year, but th at "before you get a thing to Southern Ocean :-'
e.at there is $20 is taken out a month ,.. presumably
by th e mine owners. Then the "pluck - me" stores. Distractor Explanation: Choice B is incorrect
which are owned by the mine owners, take th e because there is no discussion of what equipment
remaining money for rent. Therefore , the wages or methods the scientists used to collect their
are "insufficient" or "not high enough " bee.a.usethe data. They could have used very common tools.
mine ovmers have th e policies of ded ucting wages Choice C is incorrect because there is no evidence
and unfairly charging too much . that previ ous studies did not "incorporate " or
"use" chemical measurements. The only difference
Distractor Exp lanation: Choice A is incor rect brought up is that th e period of collection in the
because the passage says that the "average wages Drake Passage study was unb roken for 13 years.
Choice D is incorrect because it is implied that
I
there have been othe r studies of the region. If th e assumes that oxygen is caused by living creatures
data set is "the densest," then there is an implied rathe r than considering and eliminating all other
comparison th at the re were othe r studies that had possible reasons that there may be oxygen present.
data that was not as dense .
Distractor Explanation: Choice A is inco rrect
bee.a.useit offers tangib le proof of an organism
10. Level: Hard I Doma in: INFORMATION AND
rathe r than just guessing that th ere is life based
IDEAS
on secondary signs. Choice B is incor rect because
Skill/Know l edge: Command of Evidence
it shows that the scientist does not rashly assume
(Textual)
th at oxygen means there is life. Sagan would
appro\fe because the scientist indicates the re are
Key Explanatio n : Choice A is the best answer.
othe r options to explain the oxygen . Choic,e D is
The claim is that Dickenson "'personifies
incor rect bee.a.useit does not show that anyone is
books," which means th at she gives books th e
jumping to the conclusion that th ere is life befo re
characteristics of living people. Choice A refers to
enough facts exist to prove th at there is life.
"meeting " a book, like meeting a person, and that
the book is "in th e dress" or "wear ing the clothes"
of his time period, jus t like a person would 12. Leve l: Medium I Domain: INFORMAT ION AND
IDEAS
Distractor Exp lanation: None of the oth er Skill/Know ledge: Command of Evidence
choices show books in a way that makes them (Textual)
seem like living creatures . Choice B only refers to
what sch olars are inte rested in, not th e way books Key Explanatio n : Choice D is the best answer.
are. Choice C refers to time pe riods. Choice D is The examp le sho uld be one that shows th at
a weak choke because books are not mentioned ; if there are options for nurses othe r than working
"he" refers to a book, it could show that the book in hospitals; partic ularly, th e exan1ple sho uld
is familiar ·with facts from long ago. However, relate to th e aging population . Choice D focuses
Choice A definitely refers to books having human on a group of registered nurses who have such
qualities . so is a much better example of the claim. an occ upation: they ·work in nursing homes or
residential care facilities where seniors often live
when th eir health declines.
IDEAS Distractor Explanation: Choice A is inco rrect
Skill/Know l edge: Command of Evidence bee.a.useit refers to employment othe r than
(Textual) working in a hospital, but it does not address
the q uestion of an aging population. Nurses
Key Explanatio n: Choice C is the best answer in ed ucation most likely work with younge r
bee.a.useSagan's quote is a warning that before people starting out in their careers. Choice B
assuming that there is life, "we will need to work is incorrect because it is too vague. It lists two
hard to think of any non - biological process" that different careers. but does not say what percentage
could explain "some features in the light spectrum of nurses work in them or how they relate to
that might be indicative of life.• Choice C is a an aging population . Choic,e D is inco rrec t
c.ase that Sagan would warn against bee.a.useit bee.a.useit does not convey the information from

I
the grap h correctly. It refers to the percentage interested and skilled. Choice D is incorrect
change in employme nt, but th e graph refers to the because it doesn't accurately reflect the data
percentage of the registered nurses em ployed at from the grap h. The graph indicates that gender -
the time. interest stereotypes were stronger than gender•
ability stereotypes . Hence , girls who believed
in the stereotypes would be less interested in
participatingin any courses related to computer
IDEAS
science or engineering.
SkiWKnow ledge: Command of Evidence
(Quantitative)
14. Level: Hard I Domain: INFORMATION AND
Key Explanation: Choice C is the best answer IDEAS
because it uses data from the graph to accurately Skill/Knowledge: Inferences
com plete the text. The grap h shows Gender -
interest stereotypes were stronger than gender• Key Exp lanation: Choice B is th e best answer
ability stereotypes hence those who believed because Keel complains in the last sentence,
the stereotypes would be less interested in "this decision will create two classes of Indian
participating in any courses related to computer tribes: those who will benefit from Federal trust
science or enginee ring. responsibility and th ose who will not• In oth er
words, he feels th at the decision has problems
Distractor Exp lanati on: Choice A is inco rrect because some Native Americans qualify and some
because it doesn't accurately reflect the data from do not. so the "classes"or "groups" will be unequal
the grap h. The gra ph indica tes that girls who in how they are tre.ated.
believed in the stereotypes would believe th at they
are less skilled but would also not be interested in Distractor Explanation: Choke A is incorrect
participating in any courses related to computer because Keel does not explain how he felt about
science or engineering. The word "than" suggests the original wording or how the policy varied
that they more interested than skilled however from the original intent. Choice C is incorrect
the grap h shows that gende r-interest stereotypes because the decision did not make any "new"
were st ronger than gender•ability stereotypes, methods or laws. It only restricted which groups
meaning that they would be less interested than of people the law applied to. Choice D is incorrect
skilled and not less skilled than interested. Choice because "precedents"are legal cases that act as
B is incorrect because it doesn't accurately reflect a guide for deciding future cases. The Carcieri
the data from th e graph. The grap h indicates that decision. however, did not "facilitate"or "make
girls who believed in the stereotypes would believe easier" the process of"establishing" or "creating''
that they are less skilled and not be interested in tribal governments.
participating in any courses related to computer
science or engineering. The word "equallt
15. Level: Easy I Domain: INFORMAT IO N AND
suggests th at they interested and skilled at th e
IDEAS
same level however the graph shows that gender•
Skill/Knowledge: Inferences
interest stereotypes were stronger than gender•
ability stereotypes, meaning that they would
be less interested than skilled and not equal ly
I
Key Explanation: Choice B is the best answe r Choice C is incorrect because it refers to a place
bee.a.usethe process of behavio ral activation is rath er than possession. Choice D is a contraction
desc ribed as beginning with simple activities to for "they are,• which does not fit the grammatical
boost one's mood , s uch as taking a showe r. As th e structure preceding "use has declined ."
patient improves , more advanced steps can be
taken, s uch as imprO\ring in poor schoo l subjects .
"Incr emental" refers to a series of additions. so
CONVENT IONS
accurately describes additional ste ps taken to alter
behavior and feel better using new patterns or
routines. Key Exp lanation: Choice A is th e best answer.
"(o r stratovolcano)" is anothe r name for the
composite formation of volcanoes. as s hown
bee.a.use patients are encouraged to do something
by the "or." In oth er words. it is additional
positive even when they do not feel comfortab le
information describing th e preceding item ,
about doing it: "rathe r than waiting to feel better ,
"composite. " Extra information in parentheses
the patient does things that align with pe rsonal
s hould be treated as part of the word it describes.
values and that will lead to feeling better.• Choice
In this case, the re would be a comma after
C is incor rect bee.a.use the pas.sage does not refer
composite if the re we re no parentheses beca use it
to solving the problems, only to doing positive
is part of a list joined by "and," so a comma s hould
steps to get out of a spiral of depression . Choice D
come after the parentheses.
is incorrect because behavioral activation focuses
on a series of s hort- term goals, su ch as getting Distractor Explanation: All of the oth er choices
out of pajamas or taking a showe r. The s hort- term have incorrect punctuation for items in a list. For
goals may be aligned with a large r, long- term goal, Choice Bt items in parentheses are included as
but such a process is not disc ussed in the text. part of th e word they describe , so they should not
be divided into a separate item using a comma
16. Level: Easy I Domain: STANDARD ENGLISH afte r "composite ." Chokes C and D are inco rrec t
CONVEN TIONS because items in a list s hould be followed by
Skill/Know ledge: Form, Struct ure, and Sense a comma, but "and" is not. Choice C is also
missing a comma after "st ratovolcano)" and
Key Explanation: Choice B is the best answe r Choice D erroneously places the first comma after
bee.a.useit is a plural possessive form . It shows that "compositl ' rather than afte r "stratovolcano)':
the "use• is something of the "cowry shells:·

CONVENT IONS
bee.a.useit is a singu lar possessive word, but
"cowry shells" is plural. •(currency '' is singular, but
it is not th e correct referent in the context because
Key Exp lanation: Choice B is th e best answer .
"cowry shells" are th e s ubject of the sentence;
The subject is the singular "Professor David
"they" also give a clue to the proper pronoun.
Neumark;' so a singu lar verb is needed for
agreement.

I
Distractor Exp lanation : Choice s A and D this case , the names of th e crops are not required ,
are incorrect because "in conj unction with Dr. but could help the reader know what other cereal
William Wascher of the Federal Reserve Board" crops there are.
modifies "Professor David Neumark " rather than
Distractor Explanatio n : Choice B is incorrect
creates a verb with two people in it. Although it
because , while commas after "crops" and
appears that a plural verb is needed , that is not
"sorg hum" would also create an aside that
the case. Choice C is incorrect because it is only
describes "cereal crops ," there s hould be no
a ge rund rather than an active verb (such as "'is
comma after "rye." That punctuation is because
dissenting ,") so the result is a fragment.
"rye and sorghum" forms a list of two items joined
by "and," and s uch a list s hould not have a comma
19. Level: Easy I Doma in: STANDARD ENGLISH before th e "and ." Choices C and D are incor rect
CONVENT IONS because "that " is th e start of a relative clause
Skill/Know ledge: Boundaries that sho uld not be divided from its noun with
any punct uation. However . a single das h could
Key Explanation: Choice C is the best answer . otherwise be used after a main clause to add more
"'People . .. granted '' is the main idea . and "over .. .
information such as the names of the grains .
wate r" is another complete idea with a noun and
verb . That idea is made secondary by the word
"'but" A clause that is secondary needs to be 2 1. Level: Easy I Domain: STANDARD ENG LISH
separated from the main idea using a comma . CONVENTIONS

Distractor Exp lanation: It may appear that a
Key Explanation: Choic.e A is the best answer .
semicolon is needed to separate ideas in a list)
A se ries of nouns joined by "and" s hould have a
as there is a semicolon before "670 million ."
comma following each noun . Since "Greenland "
However, Choic.es A and B are incorrect because
is one place on the list where Inuit people live,
a semico lon must be preceded and followed by
it s hould be followed by a comma. No other
comp lete ideas th at can stand on their own. In
punctuation is needed.
Choice A, "but" is left hanging at the end of the
preceding idea. and in Choice B. "but" c reates Distractor Explanatio n : Choices B and C
a subo rdinate clause that can not stand alone . are incorrect because a colon shou ld follow a
Choice D is incorrect because there should be a com plete clause , but the part preceding the colon
comma separating clauses from each othe r. cannot stand on its own as a sentence. "In'' is left
dangling . Choice C is also incorrect because the re
20. Leve l: Medium I Domain: STANDARD s hould be a comma afte r "Greenland. " Choic.e D
ENGLISH CONVENTIONS is incorrect because the part before and after a
Skill/Know ledge: Boundaries semicolon sho uld both be complete clauses , but
the following portion has no subject or verb.
Key Explanatio n : Choice A is the best answe r.
A pair of dashes can be used to add inte resting
but not essential information to a sentence. In
s.rom 213
I
22. Level: Easy I Doma in: STANDARD ENGLISH 24. Level: Easy I Doma in: EXPRESSION OF IDEAS
CONVEN TIONS Skill/Know ledge: Transitions
Key Explanation: Choice B is the best answer The previous sentence explains that echolocation
bee.a.use"According to Clark" is a modifier that
is highly developed in some species. The following
refers to the main clause, "'the neutral model. . . sentence says that other species have echolocation)
over time." A modifier should be separated but it is in a "limited form"' or "not developed
from the main clause with a comma. No other much at all." Choice A is used to qualify an
punctuation is needed in the underlined portion. earlier claim, so it fits the context of qualifying
Distractor Exp lanation: Choice s A and C the idea that only a few animals have developed
are incorrect because a colon should follow a echolocation by saying that in reality, others also
have it) albeit in a modified form.
complete idea, but the portion preceding the colon
cannot stand on its own as a sentence. Choic.es A
Distractor Explanation : Choices 8 and Care
and D are incorrect bee.a.use"according to Clark"
used to show the logical result of an argument, so
needs to be followed by a comma to separate it
they do not effectively estab lish the relationship
from the main clause. Choice D is also incorrect
between ideas . A few species having limited
because there should not be a comma separating
echolocation is not necessarily a logical result
"'predict" from its object, "that the variation would
of some species having echolocation. Choice
increase."'
D is used to introduce an idea that the re.ader
might assume; in other words, the author feels it
23. Level: Easy I Domain: EXPRESSION OF IDEAS is ob\rious. However, it is probably not common
Skill/Know ledge: Transitions know ledge that sh rews and two bird species have
modified echo location.
The first sentence explains that some scientific
fields overlap, and the following sentence gives 25. Leve l: Easy I Doma in: EXPRESSION OF IDEAS
a specific example of two fields that have points Skill/Know ledge: Transitions
in common . Choice C is used to introduce an
example or specific case of a general idea, so fits Key Explanation: Choice A is the best answer
the context well. bec.auseit is used to establish a contrast between
clauses in a sentence. In this case, it contrasts what
Distractor Exp lanation: None of the other "'seems"' or "appears~to be a large percentage ·with
choices effectively shows that the following the much larger worldwide population . In other
information is a particularcase that is used to words, Choice A establishes that the percentage of
clarify the previous sentence. Choice A introduces bilingual speakers in the US is relatively small, as
an alternate possibility, not the same thing. it is half that of the global average.
Choic.e B shows that something happens despite
something else, so provides an exception rather Distractor Explanation : None of the other
than a classic example. Choice D is used to choices effectively show the relationship behveen
introduce a summary or preference regarding the the first and second halves of the sentence.
previous idea.
I
Choices B and D are used to show a reason, 27. Level: Medium I Domain: EXPRESSION OF
but there is no reason given for why different IDEAS
populations are biling ual or not. Choice C is Skill/Knowledge: Rhetorical Synthesis
grammatically incor rect. Its meaning of"even
tho ugh• fits the context , but "despite" should be Key Explanation: Choic.e A is the best answer .
followed by a noun or noun phrase rather than a The final bullet point refers to the fact th at
clause starting with "that." nimbo - form clouds "are the type that bring rain."
Therefore , they prod uce rain , but the othe rs do
not.
26. Level: Medium I Doma in: EXPRESSION OF
IDEAS Distractor Explanation: Choice B is incorrect
Skill/Knowledge: Rhe torical Synthesis because there is no indication th at nimbo - forms
are larger th an th e othe r types . W hile they
Key Exp lanat i on: Choi«: B is the best answer.
combine sha pes, they could do so on a small scale.
The question asks for an "underlying theme' ' in
Choice C is incorrect because the notes state that
some of Maya Angelo u's books . In othe r words ,
nimbo - form combines th e shapes of othe r clouds;
it is asking for something that is simila r to books
therefore ) they must have recognizable shapes
that she wrote. The desc ription of/ Know Why the
that can be matched to oth er forms . Choice D
Caged Bird Sings says that it "reveals details abo ut
is incorrect because the location of nimbo - form
her private life up to th e age of 17;• or "tells about
clouds is not given. In additio n) cirro- forms are
her youth;' and the notes say th at Mom & Me &
described as high .
Mom is abo ut her relationship with her mother. In
oth er words , both books tell about her personal
life, which makes them "autobiog raphies ~

beca use. while it is tru e, it does not refer to a
th eme in books. instead, it refers to a movie.
Down the Delta. Choice C is incorrect because
it also does not refer to a theme in books , only
a theme in her life. There is no evidence that
she actual ly wrote more than one unfini shed
book about world leaders. Choice D is incorrect
beca use, while I Know Wl,y the Caged Bird Sings
was received well, there is no indication th at her
oth er books were received p oorly or were not re.ad
by many peop le.
s.rom 215
I
I. Level: Medium I Doma in: CRAFT AND 3. Level: Easy I Domain: CRAFT AND
STRUCTURE STRUCTURE
Skill/Know ledge: Words in Context Skill/ Knowledge: Words in Con text
Key Explanatio n : Choice D is the best answer Key Exp lanation: Choice B is th e best answer
bee.a.usethe blank shows the cane toad's because "recognize " is what "we;· the Union ,could
relationship to Sout h America. Choice D means do to the new government of Louisiana that
"native to'' a specific place) so fits th e context of would make true the "converse" or "opposite "
saying that the toad came from South America but of the previous discussion of "discouraging and
was "transported' ' or "moved " to Australia . paralyzing " all the people. The previous discussion
is about what happens if the Union does not
Distractor Exp lanatio ns: None of th e other supp ort Louisiana . Choice B refers to welcoming
choices establishes the toad's relationship to Sout h or integrating something , in this case, Louisiana )
America. Choices A and 8 refer to an inborn so it fits the context of showing th e opposite of
or natural trait or characteristic. , not a species. rejecting Louisiana .
Choice C refers to an epidemic or wide - spread
disease . Distracto r Explanation: None of th e other
choices show th e opposite of rejection. Choice A
refers to indicating what something is or naming
2. Leve l: Medium I Doma in: CRAFT AND
it. Choice C refers to eithe r fully unde rstanding
STRUCTURE
something or achieving a goal. Choke D refers to
Skill/Know ledge: Words in Context
knowing the value of something.
Key Explanatio n : Choice B is the best answe r

because the blank is used to describe the business 4. Level: Medium I Domain: CRA FT AND
opportunity promote rs who get people to make STRUCTURE
"glowing - but bogus - recommendations ." In Skill/Knowledge: Text St ructure and Purpose
othe r words , the se lle rs who find people to give
fake good reviews. If the reviews are fake) they are Key Exp lanation: Choice A is th e best answer
dishonest. Choice B refers to something which is because the reference to the seven - day period
potentia lly dishonest or not completely legal, so is followed by, "Use that time to check out th e
accurately describes the seJJers that do dishonest information in th e disclosure document ) incl uding
things. contacting references ." Therefore ) the information
about the lengt h of time is given to show that
Distractor Exp lana ti on: None of the oth er buyers have a full week to research the purchase
choices fits the context of describing a promoter before agreeing to it
who uses fra ud ulent methods to convince
someone to buy a product Choice A refers to Distracto r Explanation; Choice 8 is incorrect
something th at does not have a dear answer. because the autho r does not give any indkation
Choic.e C refers to something that is unli kely. that the amount of time is too short. The time is
Choice D refers to something that has not been mentioned to show that one even has leeway to
decided or settled. contact references. Choice C is incorrect because

I
the author suggests using the time to check all the Key Exp lanation: Choice A is the best answer
information, not just the references. There is no because the text "contrasts " or "shows the
indication that finding honest references is more difference" between two different things: the busy
time - consuming than any of the other portions . street below and the bright star above.
Choice D is incorrect because sellers "securl ' or
"'get" bogus recommendations because they want Distractor Explanations: Choice B is incor rect
their company to sound good. They do not do it because the passage does not say that any actions
only because of a seven - day period before signing. are "'futile" or "useless." The busy street image
is hectic) but there is no claim that it has no
point Choice C is incor rect because there is no
"problem " or "'concern to be solved; and hence ,
STRUCTURE
there is also no solution or remedy in the text.
Choice D is incorrect because while a star or street
could be a metaphor , there is no hint about what
Key Expl anat i on: Choice C is the best answer
they might repr esent in the text
beca use the result of the experiment is that "'flames
can ignite at extremely low temperat ures." More
specifically, the flames "can bum at 900 degrees 7. Level: Easy I Domain: INFORMAT ION AND
in the International Space Station; That piece IDEAS
of info rm ation is not very helpful to the average Skill/Knowledge: Central Ideas and Details
reader , so the author gives a reference that the
reader most likely knows , th e temperature of Key Exp lanation: Choice B is the best answer
something in a house on Earth. The reader can because the text describes the photograph of
then see that the flame can burn at a third the Anthony's family, explaining their "appearance '' or
temperature as one on Earth . "how they looked•
Distrac .tor Explanations: Choice A is incorrect Distractor Explanation: Choice A is incorrect

beca use "'motivation' ' is a "reason" or "goal." The because the passage is written from the point of
goal is not a fact about gas stoves on Earth; the view of a third - person narrator . Anthony does not
goal is desc ribed in the second sentence, "'to gain "reminisce " or "nostalgically talk about " the people
valuable insight into the mechanisms of fire:• in the pict ure. Choice C is incor rect because,
Choice 8 is incorrect because "methodology" is while the characters might be "aristocrats " or
the series of steps taken to perform an expe riment. "upp er class:· the pas.sage does not focus on the
However, there is no indication of how th e "achievements " or "'successes" of the characters.
scientists lit flames in space. Choice D is incorrect Choice D is incorrect because , while the mother's
beca use the underlined portion shows what death might be called "tragic" or "sad," the cause of
happens on Earth) not in the experiments on the her death is not "revealed" or "shown."
International Space Station.
8. Level: Easy I Domain: INFORMAT IO N AND

6. Level: Hard I Domain: CRAFT AND IDEAS
STRUCTURE Skill/Knowledge: Central Ideas and Details
I
Key Explanation: Choice C is the best answer . 10. Level: Hard I Domain: IN FORMAT ION AN D
The next- to- the - last sentence explains that IDEAS
Gorgas "'tirelessly" or "did not stop," in other Skill/Knowledge: Command of Evidence
v.'Ords. was zealous abo ut his "duties" or "tasks," (Textu al)
which involved overseeing "the efforts to keep the
work crews healthy." Key Exp lanation: Choice D is th e best answe r
because the text is discussing th e extreme
Distractor Exp lanation: Choice A is incor rect temperatures on Mercury. The transition "'in fact"
bee.a.useStevens, not Gorgas, invented new is used to emphasize a point ) and in this case, the
equipment. Choice B is incorrect because there blank portion needs to emp hasize the previous
is no indication that Gorgas was a docto r, only a idea of nights being cold. Choice D effectively
sanitation enginee r. Choice D is incorrect because does that by s howing that despite the hot days,
the passage does not say the details of building there may still be ice on the planet
cities for th e workers ; someone else might have
done any necessary surveying . Distractor Explanations: All of th e other choices
can be eliminated beca use th ey offer a point th at
is off the topic of tempe rature and cold. Choice
A refers to th e orbit , Choice B to th e speed , and
IDEAS
Choice C to the size and appearance
Skill/Know ledge: Cent ral Ideas and Details
Key Explanation: Choice B is the best answer 11. Level: Easy I Domain: IN FORMATION AND
because the pas.sage says he was "fortunate in IDEAS
that respect ," meaning that he was lucky in Skill/Knowledge: Command of Evidence
becoming "a house hold name" or "really famous " (Textu al)
because "fans celeb rated his triumphs against the
backg round of news from World War I and the Key Exp lanation: Choice A is th e best answer
1918 influenza pandemic ." In other words, fans because the graph s hows that the median income
liked his "'triump hs" or "successes" as a contrast to for state government employees is slightly under
the "grim' ' or "'bad" times of a war and pandemic. the $80,000 mark, at abo ut $75,000. The median
income for local government employees is closer
Distractor Exp lanations: Choke A is incorrect to S70,000, which is halfway between the $60,000
because the passage says that he started as a and $80,000 lines. Therefore ) the median income
pitc her, but became famous when he was "an for state government employees is "higher" or
outfielder and powerful batte r:· Therefo re, his "larger " than that for local government employees.
fame was not beca use of his pitching. Choices
C and D are inco rrect beca use th e passage only Distractor Explanation: All of the oth er choices
refers to the se events as the "background " of can be eliminated beca use th ey are not s upp orted
Ruth's "tri umphs" or "successes ." There is no by the data from the grap h. Choices B and Care
disc ussion whethe r he participated in them or not. incorrect because "architectural ) enginee ring, and
related fields" at just under SS0,000 is lower, not

I
grea ter, than for "federa l govern m ent employees " really the sailors have influence and can lead or
at just un der $ 100,000. Choice D is incor rect have control abo ut many things in a quiet way.
beca use "management , scientific, and technical
consulting service " is slightly higher th an for Distractor Explanation: All of the other choices
"local government; ' tho ugh both are between can be eliminated because they are not supported
$60,000 and $80,000. by any evidence from the pas.sage. For Choice
A, there is no reference to how captains get
appointed . For Choice B, the comment that they
12. Level: Medi um I Domain: INFORMAT ION AND
breathe second - hand air im plies that captains do
IDEAS
not deserve as much respect as they think they do.
For Choice C) th ere is no evidence th at captains
(Q uantitative}
do not understand the needs of sailors . They order
sailors abo ut, but they still could take care of
Key Exp lanat i on: Choic,, D is the best answer
sailors well
beca use th e total average of the bar chart
values ac ross th e 5 species of frogs equates to
approximately90 %( 15 x 94 + 3 x64 + 4 x 70+ 8 14. Level: Hard I Doma in: INFORMATION AND
x 88 + 10 x 100) / (IS + 3 + 4 + 8 + JO). The total IDEAS
average can be estimated by looking at th e graph Skill/Knowledge: Inferences
with out doing the math .
Distrac .tor Explanation; Choice A is incorrect The text points out that Venus is warm because
beca use More than 65% of the swallowed beetles it has a "giant blanket " of an atmosp here with
survived. Choice B is inco rrect beca use more than so much carbon dioxide holding in the heat.
50% of the swallowed beetles survived. Choice C If Mercury had such a blanket , th en it would
is incor rect bee.a.usethe results of study was does also hold in heat due to the green h ouse effect.
not use time as variab le. Therefore, Mercury probably has less carbon
dioxide, which is why it is less hot in genera l than
Venus is. even tho ugh Mercury is closer to the
13. Level: Medi um I Doma in: INFORMATION AND
Sun.
IDEAS
because Mercury could have some sulfuric acid
Key Exp lanat i on: Choice D is the best answe r
in the atmosp here, thoug h it presumably does not
beca use th e narrator says that th e sim ple sailo rs
have as much as Venus, which is reflective and
bre,ithe th e fresh air first, and th at the captain
brighter bec.ause of the acid. Choice B is incor rect
"thinks he bre,ithes it first; but not so:· The
because "neve r" is too abso lute. The passage only
comparison is expanded to say th at "In much the
says th at Venus is "generally hotter," which means
same way do the commonalty lead their leaders
that it can sometimes be less hot than Mercury.
in many oth er things , at th e same time that the
Plus, th e "average'' or "middle " temperat ure is
leaders little suspect it." In othe r words, he is
462 deg rees Celsius, so it is possible that Mercur y
implying that the captain feels he has power, but
is sometimes hotter than that Choice D is not
I
discussed in the passage ; it could be possible to is Marth a Ballard, who is an individ ual person
locate Merc ury easily. The passage only says th at rath er than an image of cooperation.
Venus is brighter.

15. Level: Medium I Domain: STANDARD ENGLISH CONVENT IO NS
ENGLISH CONVENTIONS Skill/Knowledge: Form , Structure , and Sense
Skill/Know ledge: Form , Structu re, and Sense
Key Exp lanation: Choice D is the best answer.
Key Explanation: Choice B is the best answe r. When a quote is used as part of a sentence rath er
"Where' ' is used to start a clause that describes a than a complete clause , it is only identified with
place , so it fits the context of adding detail abo ut quotation marks . While "said" is followed by
coffee being the leading cash crop in the place of a comma and the first word of the quotes is
Uganda. capitalized , in this case, "that .. makes the quote
part of th e sentence itself.
Distractor Exp lanation: Choic.es A and D are
incorrect because they create run - on sentences Distractor Explanation: Choice A is incorrect
that join t\vo independent clauses that can stand because a comma and capitalization are used afte r
on their own as sentences. Choice C is inco rrec t a reporting verb su ch as "said ," not as part of a
bee.a.use"which" starts a clause that refers to the clause starting ·with "that." Choice 8 is incorrect
preceding noun. However , the place of "Uganda " because a colon should come after a complete
is not a le.ading cash crop. Instead , coffee is a cash clause , but "that" is left dangling. Choice C is
crop in Uganda . incorrect because "is attrib uted as" is followed by
a noun or gerund (the - ing form of a verb ) rather
than a complete clause with subject or verb.
ENGLISH CONVENTIONS
Skill/Know ledge: Form, Struct ure, and Sense 18. Level: Medium I Domain: STANDARD
Key Explanation: Choice D is the best answer . "A Skill/Knowledge: Form , Structure , and Sense
classic image of colonial cooperation " is a modifier
that needs to describe the noun that follows it Key Exp lanation: Choice C is the best answer. An
Choic.e D accurately shows that th e image of s followed by an apostrop he is the correct way to
cooperation refers to quilting bees. indicate a plural possessive. It correctly s hows that
the effor ts were made by more than one volunteer.
Distractor Expl anation: All of the othe r choices
can be eliminated because the modifier "A classic Distractor Explanation: Choice A is incorrect
image of colonial cooperation " refers to something because "volunteers " is a plural noun th at does
illogical. In Choice A, it refers to a diary , but a not show any possession. Chokes A and D are
diary is a personal account rath er than a classic incorrect because "efforts .. does not possess
example of cooperating with othe r people . anything in the sentence ) so s hould not have an
Choices 8 and C are incorrect because the subject apostrop he. Choice B is incorrect because an
apostrop he followed by ans is the way to s how

I
possession of a singular thing, but the efforts its own) but "and'' subordinates the following
span 125 years) so were done by more than one portion. The second part cannot stand on its
volunteer. own. Choice B is incor rect beca use "'because "
subordinates the follo·wing portion, which cannot
stand on its own as a sentence. Choice C is
incorrect because it is a comma sp lice behveen
ENGLISH CONVEN TIONS
two clauses that can each stand on th eir own.
Key Exp lanat i on: Choice A is the best answer. 2 I. Level: Medium I Domain: STANDARD
"Sacrificed XX for YY" is a standard idiom that ENGLISH CONVENTIONS
refers to doing something at the expense of Skill/Knowledge: Boundaries
something else. No punctuation is needed.
Key Explanation: Choic.e B is the best answer .
Distrac .tor Explanation; Choices 8 and D are The portions before and after th e punctuation
inco rrec t beca use "accuracy " is the object of are both independent clauses, meaning th at they
"'sacrificed ;"' "for eloquencl' is the reason that could both stand on their own as sentences.
accuracy was given up. However, dashes and Therefore , they should be joined by a semicolon or
parentheses are used to indicate additional a period ) which is not a given choice.
info rm ation that is not part of the main clause, so
they erroneously divide the object from its verb. Distractor Explanation: Choice A is incorrect
Choice C is incorrect because a colon should not because it c reates a comma splice. Choice C is
divide essential parts of the sentence from the incorrect because a colon is used to add more
main clause. In this case) the portion after the information clarifying the clause before the
colon is necessary for correct understanding of colon. ln this case, the preceding portion is
what Longfellow did about low levels of inflation, but the following
portion introduces a different topic ) high levels
of inflation. Choice D is incorrect because it is a
run - on.
CONVENT IO NS
Key Exp lanat i on: Choke D is the best answe r. Skill/Knowledge: Transitions
The ideas in th e preceding and following portions
are complete clauses that can stand on their own Key Explanation: Choic.e B is the best answer .
as sentences, so should be divided by a period and The first sentence explains that Tingatinga 's
a capital letter "'t~ career was very short. The second sentence offers
a contrast : he was one of the most important
Distrac .tor Explanation: Choke A is incorrect painters in modern Africa. Choke 8 is used to
beca use a semicolon should be preceded and show th at despite one thing happening, anothe r
followed by a complete clause th at can stand on is true. It therefore fits the context of saying that
despite the short career) Tingatinga made a great
impact.
I
Distractor Exp lanati on: None of the other an idea in different words. so effectively shows that
choices establishes a contrast between the the following is a different way of looking at the
preceding and following ideas . Choice A is used figures in the previous sentence.
to introduce a logical result of the previous claim,
but it is more logical to expect little impact from Distractor Explanation; Choke A is incorrect
a short career. Choic.es C and Dare both used to because it is used to show a contrasting or
add more detail to clarify the same topic rather opposite idea) not rephrase the same point.
than change tone to something unexpected . Choice B is used to show that something happens
in spite of something else, which does not fit the
discussion of equivalent concepts . Choice C is
used to add more to the same argument , so in
the context , would be used to add a new type of
expense in caring for tropical fish.
Key Explanatio n : Choice D is the best answer .
The passage desc ribes two types of search and
rescue dog, and the blank is the point at which 25. Level: Medium I Domain: EXPRESSION OF
the topic changes from one type to the other, from IDEAS
air scent to tracking . Choke D is used to show Skill/ Kno wledge: Rhetorical Synthesis
that the following method is an "alternate " or
Key Exp lanati on: Choice D is the best answer. It
"different" case, so it fits the context of introducing
gives three valuable contributions that Lovelace
a second method
made to the field of mathematics: she explained
Distractor Exp lanati on: None of the other the computer , created programs , and devised
choices shows that the following information uses for it. Therefore , she added to the field in
is the second of two possible methods. Choice specific and important ways. Creating programs
A is used to add another point to continue an and devising uses. in particular ) show the need to
argument. Choice B is used to add specific detail manipulate math in order to accomplish ce rtain
clarifying a general statement. Choice C is used goals.
to add a qualification or restriction to a previous Distractor Explanation; Choke A is incorrect

claim. because it only says that Lovelace "explained"
or "talked about " the machine. Though that was
24. Level: Easy I Domain: EXPRESSION OF IDEAS one valuable addition to help spread information
Skill/Know l edge: Transitions about what it was, on its ovm that does not show
she made mathematical contributions . Choice
Key Explanatio n: Choice D is the best answer. B is incorrect because, while Lovelace wrote
The previous sentence desc ribes the price of a program ) the notes do not say that Babbage
"monthly expenses" as being ove r S35. The could not write them himself. It is possible that
following sentence describes the "upkeep" or his computer would have worked ·without her
"ongoing expenses;· which are the same thing, help, but that she expanded on what it could
but uses a different way to express the money: it do. Choice C is incorrect because Babbage was
discusses what alternate things a person could buy, not Lovelace'stutor, he was introduced by her
lattes. Choice D is used to rephrase or introduce tutor. Furthermore , the notes do not say that she

I
exceeded his abilities using it, only th at s he came none can be seen: the space where the magma had
u p with different uses for it. been collapsed , so the ground dropped down into
a caldera or crate r.
26. Level: Medi um I Domain: EXPRESSION OF

Distractor Explanation: None of the othe r
IDEAS
choices addresses a counter argument about
Skill/Knowledge: Rhe torical Synthesis
the park being a supe rvokano. Choices A and
Key Exp lanat i on: Choic<! B is th e !,.,st answer. B provide more detail about th e eruptions . but
The notes state that Tingatinga started painting does not show th at the aut h or recognizes that
in 1968 and died in 1972, a pe riod of four years . the reader might doubt the claim th at the re is a
However , his art was "'appealing " or "attractive " super volcano . Choke C expands the discussion to
enough that "an art movement was named after a different area than the park rathe r than answe r a
his unique style" and students "continue to paint question about the park.
using his style" even now.
Distrac .tor Explanation; Choke A is incorrect

beca use. while Tingatinga used recycled materials
and started a movement , there is no indication
th at his followers also use recycled materials .
His students paint in his style, but they do not
represent a "wide range" of other artists . which
wo uld include artists in different media or styles .
Choice C is incorrect because the notes say his
arhvork, which was of animals and lands capes ,
was popular among tourists . but not necessarily
th e "most " popular. The notes also say that his
gallery sells works by the students , but not that
"'h is original' ' or "'his own" artworks are still being
sold. Choice D is incorrect because the passage
says that students made pictures "in his style ;· but
not that they "copied " or "made exact replicas " of
th e works that Tingatinga did.

Key Exp lanat ion: Choice C is the best answer.

The assertion in the passage is that Yellowstone
is a supervolcano. The reade r might question
th at claim by saying th at the re is no peak, but the
passage addresses th at question by explaining why
s.rom 223
I
I. Level: Medium I Domain: GEOMETRY AND 2. Level: Hard I Domain: ADVANCED MATH
TRIGONOMETRY Skill/Knowledge: Nonlinear equations in one
Skill/Knowledge: Circles I Testing point : variable and systems of equations in two variables
Working with transformations and the equation of Testing point: How many solutions does an
a circle equation have
Key Explana ti on: Choice C is correct The Key Explanation: Choice 8 is correct. To solve
equation of a circle is given by (x - h)' + (y - k)' this equation , first, use the foiling method to
= 1', where (h, k) is the center of the circle. In the expand the left side of the equation and use the
initial equation, the center of the circle is distributive property to expand the right side of
(3, - 6) and in the transformed equation, the center the equation. Then combine like terms and solve
of the circle is (2, - 4). To compare the equations, the resulting line.ar equation as follows:
the equation of the second circle must be put into (x - 1) (x + 2) = x(x - 3)
standa rd form by completing the square as shown x' - x+2x - 2=x' - 3x
below. x - 2= - 3x
(x - 2)' + y' + 8y = 33 4x= 2
(x - 2)' + y' + 8y + 16 = 33 + 16 1
x= - or0.5
(x - 2)' + (y + 4) 2
= 33 + 16 2
(x - 2)' + (y + 4)' = 49, This shows that the equation has only one
This yields(2, - 4) as the center of the transformed solution.
circle.
Therefore , the transformation will be 1 to the left Distractor Explanatio n : Choices A and Care
as the x coordinate moves from 3 to 2 and 2 up as incorrect. These answers may be arrived at due to
they coordinate moves from - 6 to - 4. math miscalculations or conceptual errors. Choice

D is incorrect . This answer may be arrived at if the
Distrac .tor Explanation: Choice A is incorrect student chooses to simply equate each parentheses
because the x coordinate moves to the left rather to zero and finds 1, - 2, 0, and 3 as the solutions .
than to the right This answer may have been
incorrectly selected if the student misinterpreted 3. Level: Easy I Domain: Algebra
the standard form for the equation of a circle and Skill/Knowledge; Linear equations in one variable
thought that the x -coordinates of the centers of Testing point: Solving equations of one variable
the circles are ~3 and ~2. Choice B is incorrect.
This answer may have been incorrectl y selected if Key Explanation; For a system of equations to
the student assumed that the centers were (-3, 6) have an in.finite number of solutions, it means
and (· 2 and 4) through misinterpretation of the that the equations are identical and have the same
standard form of the equation of a circle and/or slope and y - interc.ept.
through completing the square incorrectly. Choice The first step is to use the distributive property
D is incorrect and may have been incorrectly to multiply out the terms on the left side of the
selected by not completing the square correctly or equation, resulting in:
incorrectly interp reting the center values in the 3x - 18 - 2x - 4 =px - Sx - 22n
standard equation for a circle Combining like terms yields:
I
x - 22 =px - 5x - 22 (x' - 4)'.
Adding 5x to both sides yields: Using the identity (a - b)' =a' - 2nb + b' the
6x - 22 =px - 22p problem cm be simplified to (x' - 4) 1 =x' - 8x' +
Therefo re p is equal to 6. 16, making Choice A the right option .
4. Level: Easy I Domain : ADVANCED MATH Distractor Explanation; Choke 8 is incorrect.
Skill/Know ledge: Nonlinear functions I Testing This answer choice may be arrived at due to a
point : Determining the meaning in context with common exponent conceptual error. Choice C
exponential equations is incorrect as this answer choice may be due to

a miscalculation of 8x as positive. Choice D is
Key Explanation: Choice C is correct. The format incorrect due to both exponent conceptual and
for an exponential growth equation is: miscalculation errors.
In itial value x ( I +growth rate as a decimal)•
The growth factor of the weeds on the farm is 6. Level: Easy I Domain: PROBLEM-SOLVING
defined by 1 + the growth rate r. AND DATA ANALYSIS
Therefore , Skill/Knowledge: One - variable data :
1 + r = 1.995 distributions and measures of center and spread I
r =0.995 or 99.5%, Testing point : Finding mean and median of
which would then make choice C correct. grouped data
Distract.or Explanation: Choice A is incorrect. Key Exp lanation: To calculate the median of the
The number of weeds on the farm) at the 27 foods, look for the middle number freq uency
beginning, known as the initial value, was wise of the data. If there are 27 items then the
1,300. Choice Bis incorrect. This choice implies middle number is the 14th food which, based on
that the model is linear. However) the model is the freq uency table, has 180 calories. To find the
exponential. Choice D is incorrect bee.a.useit mean number of calories, use the me.an formula
implies that the model is linear and that 1,300 is which can be found by taking the total number
the increase in weeds every x weeks, however) it is of calories divided by the number of food items.
the initial number of weeds on the farm. To find the total number of calories multiply
each calorie content number in the table by its
frequency.as follows:
5. Level: Easy I Domain : ADVANCED MATH
( 100 X 6) + ( 180 x 9) + (280 x 11) + (350 x I)=
5,650 / 27 =209.3.
Testing point: Binomial expressions
Therefore the difference of the mean and median
Key Explanation: Choice A is correct To solve of the calorie content of the 27 foods would be
this problem, first, use the exponent rules to 209.3 - 180 =29.3.
combine both binomials in parentheses with one

exponent. ((x - 2) (x + 2)) 1 using the identity
(a+ b)(n - b) =n' - b', (x - 2) (x + 2) can be
simplified to (x' - 4) and that would simplify to

I
7. Level: Medium I Domain: ADVANCED MATH Distractor Explanatio n: Choice A is incorrect .
Skill/Knowledge: Nonlinear functions I Testing It generalizes the survey to all students in
point: Finding the x - intercept the summer math class . Chokes B and C are
incorrect They contradict th e given information .
Key Exp lanat ion: Choice C is correct. The x-
intercept is found when y = 0, therefore:
9. Level: Easy I Doma in: ADVANCED MATH
x=3 ° '+~ Skill/Knowledge: Equivalent expressions I

3 Testing point: Manip ulating quadratic equations
x=3" ' +~
3
Key Explanation: First, expand out (x + 3) 2 to (x
I 5
x = + , which makes x = 2 making Choice C + 3) x (x + 3). Using the foiling method , multiply
3 3 out the two binomial terms to get the following:
correct. - 3 (x' + 6x+ 9) + 9 + x= ax'+ bx+ c
Use th e distrib utive p roperty to expand out the left
Distrac .tor Explanation; Choke A is incorrect.
side of the equation and then combine like terms
The student might incorrectly think this equation to get the following: - 3x' - 17x - 18 =ax'+ bx + c
The refore a = - 3, b = - 17 and c = - I 8; a + b + c =
is linear and therefore th e represents they -
- 3 + - 17 + - 18 = - 38
intercept. However) this is not th e case. Also, the
question has asked for the x- intercept. Choices
JO. Level: Hard I Doma in: ADVANCED MAT H
B and Dare incor rect and would be due to a
Skill/Knowledge: Nonlinear functions I Testi n g
conceptual or miscalculation error.
point: Vertex form of a quadratic equation
8. Level: Hard I Domain: PROBLEM-SOLVING Key Explanation: Choice B is correc t. The

AND DATA ANALYSIS maximum point of a quadratic equation is the
Skill/Knowledge: In ferences from samp le vertex. Therefore, (3, 2) is the vertex of the
statistics and margin of error I parabo la. The vertex form of a parabo la is given
Testing point: Generalization of data from by a(x - I,)' + k, whe re (I,, k) is th e vertex of the
surveys parabo la. This equation can be used to find the
equation for a parabola . Therefore, y = a(x - 3)'
Key Exp lanat i on: Choice D is correct. I 00% - + 2. The quadratic equation passes thro ugh the
80% (who think statistics is the hardest subject) point (2, 0). Plugging this point into the vertex
= 20%(who chose Physics as the hardest subject. form equation for x and y yields
Since only 11mgraders in the math summer class 0 = a(2 - 3}' + 2
were surveyed the data can only be generalized to 0=a+2
the 1ph graders in the math summer class. This a= - 2
th en makes option D. the best option. y = - 2(x - 3)2 +2
If xis a solution to the quadratic equation, y must
equal zero. Plugging in the answer choices into the
I
vertex form equation is the fastest method . Choke Key Explanat ion: Choice D is correct. To solve
B is the only answer that works. 0 =- 2(4 - 3)2 + 2 this problem , graph the system.
and thus O=0 results.
'
20-
Distractor Exp lanati on: Choice A is incorrect.
This is the value of a in the vertex fonn of a ,
...
parabola equation . However, this option can also
L
be a miscalculation. Choice C is incorrect. This -
is the y-i11terceptof the equation. Choice D is
incorrect . This can be the result of a conceptual or
...
miscalculation error.
,.
- -
I" 20- -
, I
'
Skill/Know ledge: Linear functions I Testing
The solution for the system will be the region that
point: Finding the slope of a line given two points
is shaded . The minimum value of b can then be
Key Explanation: Choice C is correct. To find the found by finding the vertex of the parabola
y =2(x - 3)' + 5. The vertex form of a parabola is
slope of a line, the formula Y, - Y, is used. given by y =a(x - Ii)' + k. Therefore , the vertex of
x , -x,
the parabola is (3, 5). The minimum y value of a
Plugging in the x and y coordinates of the two
concave up parabola can be found at the vertex.
given points (0, 0) and(3 , 5) into the slope
Therefore ) the minimum value ofb is 5.
5-0 5
equation yields _0=
3 3 Distractor Explanation: Choice A is incorrect
Distractor Exp lanati on: Choice A is incorrect It is the minimum value of the system of
and was determined by finding the change in inequalities. Choices 8 and Care incorrect. These
x over the change in y instead of the change answers would be the value of a and b if the vertex
in y over the change in x. Choices B and D was incorrectly found to be (- 3, - 5).
are incorrect and were the result of either
miscalculation or conceptual errors. 13. Level: Easy I Domain: GEOMETRY AND
TRIGONOMETRY
12. Level: Hard I Domain: ADVANCED MATH Skill/Knowledge: Area and volume I Testing
Skill/Know ledge.: Nonlinear equations in one point; Volume of a sphere
Testing point: System of linear and quadratic Key Exp lanat ion: The volume of a sphere is found
. 4
inequalities
usmg the formula ,rr3 = 4 (3)3 ;r = 36,r
3 3

I
14. Level: Easy I Domain: ALGEBRA x•s and the js in the equation.
Skill/Knowledge: Systems of two linear equations x' + 6x + 9 + y' - 6y + 9 = 63 + 9 + 9
in two variables I Testing point: Systems of (x+ 3)' + (y - 3)2 = 81
equations wiht no solution This then gives the center of the circle as (- 3, 3).
Key Exp lan ati on: Choke A is correct . For a Distractor Explanation: Choice A is incorrect .
system of equations to have no solution , the This is the negative of the center of the equation of
system represents parallel lines with the same the circle.
slope but different y - infercepts. Choic.es B and Care incorrect They can be
3x - 4y= 8 determined by incorrectly picking the coefficients
px+8y= - 6 of x and y without writing the equation in
To easily compare the slopes, the equations should standard form .
be put into the slope - intercept form of a line y
= mx + b where m is the slope. By mathematical
manipulation, doing this yields the equations:
3 variable and systems of equations in two variables
y= - x-2
4 Testing point: Solving quadratic equations using
p 3
y=-x-- the quadratic formula
8 4
Since parallel lines have the same slope, the Key Explanation: This quadratic equation can be
solved using the quadratic formula
equation -p = ! can be solved by p. Multiplying
8 4 -b ±Jb2 -4ac
x = ----- ,where a= 3 and b = - 6 and
both sides of the equation by - 8 yields p = - 6, 2a
Choice A. c= - 11.
Distractor Explanation: Choices B, C, and D Therefore:

are incorrect . They would make the system of
-(-6) ± J(-6) 2 -4(3)(- 11)
equations incorrectly have l solution . These x=----------
2(3)
answer choices are determined by mathematical
miscalculations or conceptual errors. X=
6
X=
I 5. Level: Easy I Domain: GEOMETRY AND 6
TRIGONOMETRY 6 ±W4
X=
Skill/Knowledge: Circles I Testing point: 6
Equation of a circle
X=
6
Key Exp lana ti on: Choice D is correct. To find the
X=
center of the circle. we have to ·write the equation 3
of the circle in its standard form (x - h)' + (y - k)' Therefore g = 42.
= r. This is done by completing the square for the
I
17. Level: Easy I Domain: ALGEBRA Distractor Explanation; Choke A is incorrect
Skill!Know ledge: Linear inequalities in one mathematically as shovm above . Choi ce C is
or two variables I Testing point: Solving linear incorrect as it incorrectly states that 2 is one of the
inequalities solutions. Choice D is incorrect It can be due to a
miscalculation error .
Key Explanation: Choice B is correct. To
solve the inequality, add x to both sides of the
inequality .
- 2X + X -4- X +X
-x - 4, Next. divide both sides of the equation
in two variables I Testing poiot: Solving
by - I which flips the inequality sign. simultaneous equations

x:;; 4, Only 5 is not less than 4.
Key Exp lanati on: Cross multiplying l = !. yields
X y
Distractor Exp lanati on: Choice A is incor rect
5y=2x
as it is a solution to the inequality. - 4 = - 4.
Choice C is incor rect as it is also a solution to The next step is to get the two terms on the left
the inequality 3 S 4. Choice D is incorrect as 2 side of the second equation of the same common
S 4 and is therefore also a solution to the above denominator of xy as follows:
inequality .
~x(r)_!.x(:'.)=
xyyx
4y-2x
xy
_.!.
5
18. Level: Easy I Domain: ADVANCED MATH Cross multiplying the condensed second equation
Skill/Know ledge.: Nonlinear equations in one yields
5(4y - 2x) = - xy = 20y - I Ox= xy
Testing point: Solving square root equations
Using the first equation, Sy= 2x, multiply each
side by 4, resulting in 20y = Bx
Key Explanation: Choice B is correct The
Substituting Bx for 20y in the second equation
problem can be solved in 2 ways. The easiest
and quickest way is to just substitute the answer yields
choices and test to see which answer makes the Bx - 10x=xyor - 2x=xy
equation true . Dividing both sides of the equation by x yields
Substitute Choice A. y= - 2
Substituting this value for yin the first equation
J2(2)+5 =2-5
yields
Jg =-3,
5(- 2) = 2x
This isn't true .Substitute Choice B.
- 10 = 2x
= 10-5 x= - 5
= I0- 5 Therefore , xy = (- 2)(- 5) = 10
This makes Choice B the only right option .

I
20. Level: Easy I Domain: ADVANCED MATH 22. Level: Hard I Doma in: ALGEBRA
Skill/Knowledge: Equivalent expressions I Skill/Knowledge: Linear equations in two
Testing point: Remainder theorem variables I Testing point; Number of solutions in a
linear system of two variables
Key Exp lanat ion: Choice C is correct A is the
remainder when the function 3x2 + 7x + 9 is Key Explanation: Choic.e B is correct. The first
divided by x - 2. The remainder can be found step is to use the distributive property to multiply
when ft.2) is calculated. Because - 2 =0 yields x out the terms on the left side of the equation as
= 2 as a solution) it can be plugged into the given follows:
quadratic function as follows to find A: 3x - 9 + 2x + 2y =Sx + 2y - 9
3(2)' + 7(2) + 9 = 12 + 14 + 9 =35. Combining like terms on the left side of the
equation yields:
Distrac .tor Explanation: Choice A is incorrect. 5x+ 2y - 9 =5x+ 2y - 9
This is the answer incorrectly found by adding Since the equations on the left and the right are
coefficients together (3 + 7 + 9) of the quadratic the same) they represent the same line and thus
equation. have infinitely many solutions.
Choice 8 is incorrect. This is the answer
incorrectly found by plugging in - 2 instead of2 Distractor Explanation: Choice A is incorrect.
into the quadratic equation To have zero solutions the equations would need
Choice D is incorrect , This is the answer to be parallel lines and thus have the same slope
incorrectly found through a conceptual or and different y-intercepts . That would mean that
miscalculation error. the coefficients of x and y will be equal however
the constants will not This is not the case in this
problem. Choice C is incorrect. That would mean
there would be one (x, y) solution to the system
AND DATA ANALYSIS
Skill/Knowledge: In ference from sample statistics above. That is not the case as they represent the
and margin of error I Testing point: Margin of same line. Choice D is incorrect. Linear equations
error with t\vo variables do not have 2 solutions.
Key Exp lanat i on: Choi«, D is correct. Given that

the sample mean mass is 67.9 kgs, the actual mean
mass of the penguins in the zoo would lie between
67.9 kgs plus or minus 4.5 kgs, or 63.4 kgs and
72.kgs.This then makes Choi ce D correct.

as the mass of the penguins in the park cannot be
found from the data available .
Choice 8 is incorrect as the mean mass does not
state that the mass of all the penguins is 67.9 kgs.
Choice C is incorrect. Nothing can be concluded
about the median mass of the penguins in the zoo.
I MATH Answers & Explanations Module2
I
I. Level: Medium I Domain: ADVANCED MATH Using the foiling and distrib utive operations to
Skill/Know ledge: Equivalent expressions I Testing multiply out and combine like terms, the final
point: Foiling out binomials and combining like 1
2x - 5x+S
answer is: 1 .
terms -x + 7 x- 10
Distractor Explanation; Chokes B and C are

Key Explanation: Choice D is correct. To solve
incorrect. These answers can be arrived at wrongly
the question, first, distribute out the two binomial
by adding the two fractions directly, which is a
expressions. The next step is to combine like terms
common conceptual error. Choke D is incorrect.
and put the final expression in standard form .
This answer may be arrived at by finding the
3(x' + !Ox+ 25) - 2(x' - !Ox +25) + 2x
common multiple for the denominator and then
3x' + 30x + 75 - 2x' + 20x - 50 +2x
just adding the original numerators directly
x' + 52x+ 25
witho ut multiplying them by the binomials
Distractor Exp lanation: Choic.es A and Care needed to get the common multiple for the
incorrect . These answers can be arrived at if the denominator.
foiling expansion is done incorrectly. Choice B
is incorrect This answer can be arrived at if a 3. Level: Easy I Domain: ALGEBRA
math miscalculation is done after the foiling out Skill/Knowledge: Systems of two linear equations
expansion is completed. in two variables I Testing point: Solving
simultaneous equations
Key Exp lanation: Solve for y by using the
distributing property and the substitution method
Testing point: Finding the least common
as follows:
denominator with binomial terms and combining
3x - 6 + 5(- 2(x - 5)) = 2
Key Explanation: Choice A is correct To solve 3x - 6 - 1O(x - 5) = 2
this problem , the fractions need a common 3x - 6 - 10x+50=2
denominator to be added The least common - 7x+44=2
denominator is (x - 2) (5 - x), which multiplies - 7x= - 42
out to a denominator of - x' + 7x - 10. To get x=6
both terms of this expression over the same Substit ute x =6 into the second equation to find y.
denominator, the numerator and denominator of y= - 2(6 - 5)
the first term each must be multiplied by (5 - x) y= - 2
and the numerator and denominator of th e second
term each must be multiplied by (x - 2). Since the 4. Level: Easy I Domain: PROBLEM-SOLVING
two terms are now over the same denominator, AND DATA ANALYSIS
the numerators can be added as follows: Skill/Knowledge: Two - variable data: models and
5-x+ 2x(x-2) scatte rplots I Testing point: Line of best fit
(x-2)(5- x) '
Key Exp lanation: Choice A is correc t. This
question can be solved in several ways. The

I
equation of the line of best fit can be determined circle. Choice D is incorrect This is the area of the
by finding th e slope and y - interc.eptfrom the
sector that can be found using the formu la r'0
graph directly and plugging those values into the 2
slope- intercept eq uation of a line, y = mx + b. The , where 8 is the measure of the central degree in
elimination method can also be used. The slope radians.
and y - intercept of th e line of best fit are both
positive. which eliminates Choices C and D. The
6. Level: Easy I Domain: ADVANCE D MATH
slo pe of the line of best fit is not steep so that
Skill/Knowledge: Nonlinear eq uations in one
eliminates Choice B.
variab le and systems of equations in two variab les
Testing point: Finding th e sum of th e roots in a
Distrac .tor Explanation; Choice B is incorrect
quadratic equation
beca use th e slope of the line of best fit is
4
Key Explanation: Choic,e B is correc t. The first
and not 4. Choice C is incorrect because the
ste p is to sim plify the equation by dividing out 2,
y - intercept of the line of best fit is positive, not
the greatest common factor out of the eq uation)
negative. Choice D is incor rect bee.a.usethe line of
leaving x' + 3x + 9 =0. The eq uation does not
best fit has a p ositive slope and not a negative one.
factor so the quad ratic equation can be used
in simp lified fonn . The sum of th e roots of a
5. Level: Medi um I Doma in: GEOMETRY AND -b
TRIGONOMETRY
quadratic eq uation is eq ual to - , where a =l )
a
Skill/Knowledge: Circles I Testing point: Arc b= 3 and c= 9.
length of a circle Therefore , the sum of the roots of the quadratic
-3
Key Exp lanat i on: Choice C is correct The arc eq uation above would be - =-3 .
I
length of th e circle can be found by using the
equation arc length =rfi, where r is the radius of Distractor Explanatio n : Choice A is incorrect.
th e circle and theta is the degree in radians of th e This gives the value of or the negative of the
central angle that subtends the arc length desired . a
sum of the roots . Choice C is incorrect. This is the
Therefo re th e arc length wo uld be
product of the roots given by =.a .
6(2.rr)=Z.
12 2
,r The arc lengt h can also be found
Choice D is incorrect as this is th e negative of th e
by converting radians to degrees using the product of the roots and can be arrived at by using
-c
formula 2,r r . This wo uld still give the answe r
360 a
7
as - n cm.
2 7. Level: Medium I Domain: GEOMETRY AND
TRIGONOMETRY
Distrac .tor Explanation: Choice A is incorrect.
Skill/Knowledge: Lines, angles , and trian gles
This is the circ umference of the whole circle.
Testing point: Finding th e s um of angles in a
Choice 8 is incorrect. This is th e area of the whole
polygon and converting degrees to radians
I
Key Explanation: The sum of the interior angles Key Explanation: Choice D is correct. To
in a polygon is 180 x (n - 2 ), where n is the solve this problem, first divide both sides of th e
number of sides in the polygon. A heptagon has 7 equation by 2 to get:
sides, so the sum of its interior angles will be 18
(x+4) = -
180 X (7 - 2) =900°. 2
A hexagon has 6 sides, so the sum of its interior (x+4) =9
angles will be 180 x (6 - 2) =720°. The difference x =S
between the total number of degrees of the Therefore (x + 6) =5 + 6 = 11
interior angles of the two shapes is 180°. This
number in radians would be n and a = l. Distractor Explanation: Choke A is incorrect.
This is the value of (x + 4). Choi ce B is incorrect
This is the value of x only. Choice C is incorrect. It
can be the result of a miscalculation.
point: Finding equations of functions
10. Level: Medi um I Domain: PROBLEM-SOLV ING
Key Explanation: Choice A is correct The AND DATA ANALYSIS
prob lem gives two points and asks what th e Skill/Knowledge: Ratios, rates, proportional
function j(x) is that best describes the points. relationships, and units I Testing point: Ratios
Using points (3, 2) and (6, - 3), the slope of the
function, which is the change in they coordinates Key Explanation: To solve this problem) let x
(y' - y') equal th e total number of people at the fair. Every
over the change in the x coordinates, , ) , can
(x· -x group of 5 students and 3.5 parents has a total of
be found as follows: 8.5 total people in it. Set up a proportion of ratio
students to ratio total people and set it equal to the
2- (- 3) 5
---
3- 6
- -- 3 ratio of the total number of students to the tota l
The answer choices are in slope - intercept form, number of peop le as follows:
y = mx + b whe re m represents the slope. The only 2... =2,000
8.5 X
answer choice that has a slope of -: is Choice A.
Cross multiplying gives the equation
5x =2,000 x 8.5. Dividing both sides of the
equation by 5 gives x = 3)400 students
most likely due to a conce ptual error. Choice C is
incorrect and incorrectly states the slope formula
as th e c hange in x over th e change in y. Choice D 11. Level: Medi um I Domain: PROBLEM-SOLV ING
is incorrect as this is the equation of the line that is AND DATA ANALYSIS
pe rpendic ular to j(x) . Skill/Knowledge: Percentages I Testing point:
Percentdecrease

Key Explanation: Choice D is correct . The
Skill/Know ledge: Linearequations in one variable
percent decrease can be found by using the
Testing point: Solving for x
formula :

I
((difference between actual and predicted values)/ coordinate pair into the second inequality yields
original value) x JOO. 1 > 2(2) = 1 > 4, which is false.
Lookin g at the graph , the actual y values when
x =4 are 6 and 11. The predicted y value at x = 13. Level: Medium I Domain: ADVANCED MATH
4 is 9. Since the question asked for the percent Skill/Knowledge: Nonlinear equations in one
decrease from the actual value to the predicted variable and systems of equations in two variables
value, the actual value needs to be higher and Testing point: Finding solutions for an absol ute
thus we would use they value of 11 and not 6 at x value equation
=4. Plugging in they values of 11 and 9 into the
Key Explanation: To so lve this absolute value
equation yields ( 11 - 9 / 11) x 100 = 18.18%
equation , first divide both sides of the equation
Distractor Explanation: Choice A is incorrect as by 3 to get: Ix - 41 =2. Then remove the absol ute
this answer is the percent increase from 9 to 11. value and set up and solve the following 2
Choice 8 is incorrect as this answer is the percent equations:
dec rease from 9 to 6. x - 4= 2andx - 4 = - 2
Choice C is incorrect as this describes the percent x=6andx=2
increase from 6 to 9.

12. Level: Easy I Domain: ALGEBRA TRIGONOMETRY
Skill/ Knowledge: Linear inequalities in one or Skill/Knowledge: Area and volume I Testing
two variables I Testing point: Systems of linear point: Area of a t rapezoid
inequalities
Key Explanation: Choice A is correct. Since
Key Explanati on: Choice B is correct. To solve
segment AD is paralle l to segment BC and
th e question , th e fastest method would be to
AB =DC the shape is an isosceles trapezoid . To
substitute the x and y coordinates of the answer
find the area of a trapezoid the form ula
choices into the system of inequalities and see I,
which coordinate pair satisfies both inequalities. 2(a +b), is used whe re I, is the height of th e
Plugging in the x and y values for Choice B makes trapezoid and a and b are the lengths of the two
both ineq ualities valid as follows:. bases of the trapezoid.
Inequality I: 4 > - 3( 1) + 5 The height of the trapezoid can be found by using
4 >-3+ 5 the Pythagorean theorem a2 + b2 = c:2, whe re a
4>2 and bare the legs of the right triangle and c is its
Inequality 2: 4 > 2(1) hypotenuse.
4>2
Distractor Explanation; Choice A is incorrect.

Plugging in this coordinate pair into the second
6 10
inequality yields 4 > 4, which is false. Choice C is
incorrect. Plugging this coordinate pair into the
second ineq uality yields 4 > 2(3) =4 > 6, which
is false. Choice D is incor rect. Plugging this 8
s.rom 235
I
Using the pythagorean theo rem a'+ 82 = 10' or Key Exp lanation: The slope is found by putting
a' = 36, yielding a = 6. Thus the height of the the equation of the line into slope - intercept form
trapezoid is 6. Plugging in the values for a, b, and of y = mx + b as follows:
1, into the area of a trapezoid form ula, yields Sx - 6y+ 30 = 0
6 - 6y= - Sx - 30
-(12+28 )= 120
2 5 5
y = x +S . The slope is then , a line
Therefore the area of the trapezoid would be 120. 6 6
perpendicular to this will have the negative
Distractor Explanation: Choke B is incorrect. -{)
This answer is the perimeter of the trapezoid .
inverse of this slope which is 5.
Choice C is incor rect. This answer can be
determined if the shape is divided into a rectangle 17. Level: Easy I Domain: GEOMETRY AND
and two triangles . This answer is the area of the TRIGONOME TRY
rectang le plus one triangle. Choice D is incorrect . Skill/Knowledge: Right triangles and
It is the value of the area of the two trian gles alone . trigonometry
Testing point: Trigonometric identities
15. Level: Easy I Domain: ADVANCED MATH Key Exp lanation: Choice C is correct
Skill/Knowledge: Nonlinear equations in one sin x =cos (90° - x) and vice versa) therefore
variable and systems of equations in two variab les cos 72°= sin (90° - 72°) This equates to sin 18°.
Testing point: Absolute values
Distractor Explanation: Choice A is incorrect.
This choice may be selected due to a conceptual
Key Explanation: Choice C is correct The first
e rror. Choice B is incorrect as sin 72° is equal to
step is to combine the t\vo absolute value tenns
cos 18°. Choice Dis incorrect. cos 18° is equal to
into Ix+ 31 = - 2. The next step is to divide both
sin 72°.
sides by - I to get Ix+ 31 = 2, The absolute value is
equal to a positive number and therefore it has 2
sol utions .
AND DATA ANALYSIS
Distractor Exp lanation: Choice A is incorrect. Skill/Knowledge: Probability and conditional
To have O sol utions in an abso lute value equation , probability I Testing point: Probability
the absol ute equation value has to be equal to a Comp lemen t
negative number. Choice B is inco rrec t. For an Key Exp lanation: Choice B is correct. The sum of
absolute value equation to have 1 solution it has the probabilities of an event and its complement
to be equal to 0. Choice D is incorrect. There is must add up to I. Therefore , if the probability that
sufficient information to answe r the question. it will rain is 0.26, the probability of no rain is
I - 0.26 = 0.74.
Distractor Explanation: Choices A and Care
Skill/Know ledge: Linear equations in two incorrect and can be d ue to a miscalculation
variables I Testing point: Perpendicular lines or conceptual error. Choice D is incorrect as a
probability of I means that it is certain that it will
not rain.
I
19. Level: Easy I Domain: ADVANCED MATH Distractor Explanation: Choice A is incorrect.
Skill/Knowledge: Nonlinear functions I Testing This is the diameter of the circle and the value of
point; Vertex form of a quadratic and minimum / the length of RQ.
maximum point Choice B is incorrect as it is the length of PR.
Choice C is incorrect. This answer is due to a
Key Exp lanati on: The ma.~imum I value of a conceptual error confusing the ratios in sides of
concave down parabolafor the quadratic equation the 30 - 60 - 90 triangle with the 45 - 45 - 90
ax' + bx+ c can be found using the formula I= special triangle.
-b , which finds the x coordinate of the vertex of

2a
the parabola.In the equation above, a is 3 and b =
Skill/Knowledge; Linear inequalities in one or
9 yielding,
two variables I Testing point: Absolute value
l=L:3) )= =: =~
linear inequalities
Key Explanation: Choic.e B is correct. For the

above inequality either x + 3 > 4 or x + 3 < - 4
TRIGONOMETRY
Solving x + 3 > 4 yields x > I. Solving x + 3 < - 4
yields x < - 7. Choke Bis the correct choice as it
trigonometry I Testing point: Special triangles
has the only value in the domain of the range of
solutions to the inequality.
Key Exp lan ati on: The triangle PQR is a special
triangle. Choice D is correct. Triangle PQR is Distractor Explanation: Choices A, C, and D
inscribed in a semicircle where the hypotenuse
are incorrect as they are not part of the range of
of triangle PQR is the diameter of the circle. This
solutions to the inequality.
makes angle Pa right angle. A triangle has 180
degrees and that would make angle R equal to
30 degrees . Therefore triangle PQR is a special 22. Level: Easy I Domain: ALGEBRA
triangle, more specifically a 30 - 60 - 90 special Skill/Knowledge: Systems of two linear equations
triangle. Since the radius of the circle is 7cm) in two variables I Testing point: Systems of
this makes the diameter 14cm. The hypotenuse equations
of triangle PQR is the diameter of the circle. In

Key Explanation: Choice A is correct. To solve
a 30 - 60 - 90 special triangle, the length of the
this problem, subtract the two equations.
side opposite the right angle, the hypotenuse,
3x+ 4y= 3l- (2x+ 3y= 22)
is two times the length of the side opposite the
30- degree angle. This makes side PQ =7cm. The
= x + y = 9. which is Choice A.
side opposite the 60- degree angle in this special

Distractor Explanation: Choice B is incorrect.
triangle is the length of the side opposite the
This answer is the value of x. Choice C is
30- degree angle times Therefore the length of
incorrect This answer is the value of y. Choice
PR is equal to
D is incorrect. It is due to conceptual or
miscalculation errors.
Chapter 5
Practice Test 4

Out ol 27 27 22 22
My Score
Time Taken

Module
1


- R.K. Narayanwas a pioneer in Indian literature

that was written in English. His stories often
revolve around common people in the fictional
- The following text is adapted from Mother Jones's
August 15, 1912 speech to coal miners picketing
in Charlestown,West Virginia.
town of Malgudi . His unassuming insights and
gently humorous treatment of everyday life and The Governor will get until tomorrow night
interactions are __ accessible to the average to get rid of his bloodhounds . We are not
readerand give his writing a timeless appeal going to leave a slave class to the coming
generation, and I want to say to you that the
\•Vhich choice completes the text with the most next generation will not charge us for what
logical and precise word or phrase? we've done; they ·will condemn us for what we
have left undone.
A) readily
As used in the text, what does the word "charge"
B) anxiously most nearly mean?
C) contentedly
A) accuse
D) wryly
B) demand
C) impose
D) assault

Module
1
- The number of people in the US with myopia , or

..The following text is adapted from F. Scott
nearsightedness. has increased over 16 percent Fitzgerald's 1922 novel, 71,e Bea11tif11/and the
since 1971. However, the problem is much more Damned.
__ in Southeast Asia) where an estimated 80
to 90 percent of students with twelve years of Anthony's recollections of the gallant Ulysses
schooling have the condition. were vivid. After HenriettaLebrunePatch
had "joined another choir, .. as her widower
Which choice completes the text with the most huskily remarked from time to time) father
logical and precise word or phrase? and son lived up at grampa'sin Tarryto·wn)
and Ulysses came daily to Anthony's nursery
A) pronounced and expelled pleasant, thick - smelling words
for sometimes as much as an hour. He was
B) advocated
continually promising Anthony hunting trips
C) prescribed and fishing trips and excursions to Atlantic
City, "oh) some time soon now;" but none
D) articulated
of them ever materialized. One trip they did
take; when Anthony was eleven they went
abroad , to England and Switzerland, and
there in the best hotel in Lucerne his father
died with much sweating and grunting and
crying aloud for air. In a panic of despair and
terror, Anthony was brought back to America,
wedded to a vague melancholy that was to
stay beside him through the rest of his life.
½'hat is the main purpose of including the

information about Adam Ulysses Patch
continually promising trips to Anthony?
A) To foreshadow the trip in which Adam

Ulysses passes away
B) To indicate the superficial nature of Anthony's
father
C) To emphasize the deep interest that Adam
Ulysses has for his son
D) To give an indication of Adam Ulysses' vast
wealth

Module
1
- The Jiroft culture is a hypothetical society that

lived in the third millennium BC in Iran. The first
indication of the culture was found in 200 l when
- The following text is from Virginia Woolfe's 1922
novel, Jac.ob's Room.
scientists evaluated confiscated artefacts, but The house was flat, dark, and silent Jae.ob
many were skeptical of the find because it did not was at home engaged upon a chess problemt
have an archaeological context and may contain the board being on a stool between his knees.
forgeries.However.the site of Konar Sandal in One hand was fingering the hair at the back
Iran is now being exc.avated,and archaeologists of his head. He slowly brought it forward and
have discovered hvo mounds, a citadel, and raised the white queen from her square; then
tablets with an unknown script that might prove put her down again on the same spot He
a vital link to understanding whether the Jiroft filled his pipe; ruminated; moved t\vo pawns;
culture actually existed. advanced the white knight ; then ruminated
with one finger upon the bishop . Now Fanny
What is the main purpose of the text? Elmer passed beneath the window.
A) It casts doubt on the existence of an ancient Which choice best states the main purpose of the
culture. text?
B) It reveals flaws in the theory that an ancient

A) It hints that Jacob was more intent on the
culture existed.
window than on chess.
C) It outlines the current understanding of an
B) It emphasizes Jacob's desire to improve his
ancient culture.
chess skills.
D) It presents incompatible findings regarding an
C) It shows the intensity with which Jacob
ancient culture.
concentrated on chess.
D) It establishes that Jacob and Fanny had a

quarrel.

Module
1
- Text 1
It is stated that Abraham.. Lincoln, "had an, almost morbid dislike- to an, escort , or guard,
and daily exposed himself to the--deadly ainL of aJL assassin..." . .. On.. more--than. one--
occasion, he-the- President had gone- through the- streets of Washington, at a, late- hour
of the-- night , without escort , or even.. the--company of a. servant , walking all the-wa y,
going and returning.
Text2
Bancroft 's eulogy on Lincoln never pleased the latter's lifelong friends ... February 16,
1866, David Davis, who had heard it, wrote me: "His analysis of Mr. Lincoln 's character is
superficial ." On the 22nd he again wrote: "Mr. Bancroft totally misconceived Mr. Lincoln's
character in applying 'unsteadiness ' and confusion to it. Mr. Lincoln grew more steady
and resolute , and his ideas were never confused . I thought him always master of his
subject. He was a much more self-possessed man than I thought
Based on the texts, how would the author of Text 2 most likely respond to Lincoln's
behaviour as illustrated in Text l?
A) By conceding the importance of protection but asserting the greater significance of

Lincoln's belief that "assassination is always possible' '
B) By concurring that Lincoln rarely deviated from his personal convictions and
exhibited stability and equanimity .
C) By acknowledging that Lincoln had a morbid dislike of any form of secu rity.
D) By challenging the supposition that Lincoln consistently "exposed himself to the

deadly aim of an assassin."

Module
1
- Chili (Cap sicum spp.) is a spice, a fruit widely

grown around the world that is recognized for
its nutraceutical (nutritional and medicinal)
Melville's 1851 novel, Moby Dick; or 1/ie Whale.
properties and economic value. In Benin) chili is Now, when I say that I am in the habit of
the second cash gardening crop after the tomato. going to sea. I do not mean that I ever go to
Its annual production is about 47.162 tons. Pepper sea as a passenger. For to go as a passenger
plants produce the compound capsaicin, possibly you must needs have a purse. and a purse
to deter mammalian herbivores. In Benin) chili is but a rag unless you have something in
pepper is grown only for food partially in the it Besides, passengers get sea•skk- grow
cultivable lands of the coastal areas, where soil quarrelsome- don't sleep-- no. I never go as
salinity and water irrigation can negativelyaffect a passenger; nor. though I am something of a
the quantity and quality of the crop, and may also salt, do I ever go to sea as a Commodo re, or a
have a strong influence on the concentration of Captain, or a Cook. I abandon the glory and
bioactive compounds of vegetables. distinction of such offices to those who like
them. I always go to sea as a sailor. because
According to the text. what is the reason that the they make a point of paying me for my
chili plant evolved to contain capsaicin in the trouble. where.as they never pay passengers a
fruit? single penny that I ever heard of.
A) It adds flavor to human food dishes. Based on the text, why does Ishmael avoid
traveling aboard ship as a passenger?
B) It is a part of herbal medicine remedies.
C) It increases the plant's absorption of nutrients. A) He does not want excessive responsibilities.
D) It protects the plant from predation. B) He desires reimbursement for his efforts.
C) He sometimes enters periods of deep

depression.
D) He hungers for recognition for his efforts.

Module
1
llll Ill
The following text is adapted from F. Scott According to scientist James Clark, explaining
Fitzgerald's novel , 'Tl,e Beautiful and the Damned. the coexistence of species is critical to truly
understand forest biodiversity and the forces
Early in his career, Adam Patch had married that sustain or reduce it. According to Clark,
an anemic lady of thirty, Alicia Withers, who "A 'neutral model' hypothesizes that species are
brought him one hundred thousand dollars so similar it jus t takes a long time for ·winners
and an impeccable entre into the banking and losers to be sorted out by competition ,
circles of New York. Immediately and rather but eventually the better competitor would
spunkily, she had borne him a son and, as if drive the other to extinction." The neutral
completely devitalized by the magnificence of model predicts that the variation among the
this performanc .e, she had thenceforth effaced sites increases over time , as random chance
herself within the shadowy dimensions caused different species to go extinct in some
of the nursery. The boy, Adam Ulysses areas but not others. Some sites, just by chance,
Patch ) became an inveterate joiner of dubs, should come to be dominated by one species.
connoisseur of good form, and driver of while others would come to be dominated by
tandems - at the astonishing age of twenty- six another species. However, the researchers found
he began his memoirs under the title "New that variance among the sites did not increase
York Society as I Have Seen It." On the rumor over the millennia , leading them to conclude
of its conception , this work was e.agerly bid that stabilizing forces were maintaining forest
for among publishers , but as it proved after diversity.
his death to be immoderately verbose and
overpoweringly dull ) it never obtained even a Which hypothetical data, if true , would most
private printing . weaken Clark's claim that stabilizing forces
control biodiversity in a given region?
Based on the text) which choice best characterizes
Adam). Patch's wife' A) Scientists determine that there is now
significantly greater variation between species
A) powerful in three nearby sites than there was 7,000
B) captivating years ago.
C) diffident B) A complex study determines that the reason

that plant diversity did not greatly alter in one
D) animated region was because of a local herbivore .
C) Archaeological evidence shows that early

humans ate the nuts from a tree that has
subsequently gone extinct in a given area.
D) Several researchers conducted a study

that determined that one species of tree is
extremely susceptible to temperature changes.

Module
1
Ill
Nutrients Found Primarily in Animal Tissues
Nutrient Function Natural source Alternate Source

B12 Used by nervous and Fish, meat , dairy, c-ggs Enriched grain products; some
circulatory systems nutritionaJ yeast
Creatine Increases musde Animal tissue Supplement~ the body naturaIJy
performance makes small amounts
DHA MentaJ health and brain Fatty fish, fish oil Mjaoalgae
dc-velopment , especially in
children
Taurine Muscle function , bile Fish, meat , poultry, Synthetic supplements
production dairy products
The vegan diet is one that is chosen by individuals for various reasons) including
health and/or ethical reasons . In fact, it is evident that the vegan diet is much more
than a diet itself, but has developed into a lifestyle, often associated with animal rights
and environmental advocacy as well as a greater concern for physical activity and
mindfulness. While many health benefits exist. it is essential for those who are vegan or
are planning to become vegan to be educ:ated about potential nutritional deficiencies to
prevent adverse outcomes. For example) a vegan who is adverse to taking man - made
supplements in any form __
Which choice most effectively uses data from the table to complete the claim'
A) is likely to suffer from mental health disorders
B) may suffer from insufficient levels of bile
C) may be prone to various he.art diseases
D) could succumb to circulatory system disorders

Module
1
- West Texas Intermediateis a grade or mix of

crude oil. It is also the benchmark for trading U.S.
-Most students have heard of the charismatic 18th
president, Ulysses S. Grant. However,the name
crude oil. which is one of the most heavily traded of his vice president. Schuyler Colfax, has mostly
items in international commodities markets. The been relegated to history. In reality, he played an
term, "'West Texas Intermediate," is. therefore) important role in passing the 13th Amendment,
often used to refer to the futures market on which abolished slavery. Not only did he actively
the New York Mercantile Exchange. The prices promote his Abolitionist views. but he also voted
fluctuate ¾ildly with the supply and demand , and in favor of the amendment when it came before
higher numbers indicate more trading . While the the House of Representatives. His decision to
index for trading was at around 90 at the end of vote was notable since the Speaker of the House
October , 2022, it actually fell around the median typically remains silent except in the case of a tie.
values for the year. March 2022 had the highest
index of around 120, and the lowest index was. The passage implies that Colfaxs vote for the 13th
curiously, at the end of September. Amendment
Based on the text, what is most likely true about A) occurred because there was a tie in the House
the West Texas Intermediate? of Representatives.
BJ was not considered valid because the Speaker

A) The amount of trading increased throughout
of the House could not vote
2022.
C) greatly emphasized Colfax's commitment to
BJ At the end of September, 2022, the index was
the amendment
probably around 60.
DJ went against the opinions held by President
CJ The index increased in March 2022 because
U.S. Grant
of changes at the New York Mercantile
Exchange.
DJ The index dropped below 20 many times due
to low demand for crude oil.

Module
1
Rabbits and hares look similar and many

people use the names interchangeably,but in
reality, there are many biological and behavioral
- Unusual additions to a freshwateraquarium
include pom - pom crabs, aptly named for the
hair- like tufts on their pincers which make the
differences . For example , the eyes of baby rabbits crabs appear to be holding small pom - poms .
take about ten days __ baby hares to be able to Growing to about one inch long, __ but they
focus and process visual information. can be eaten by even small predatory 6sh.
A) longer than A) a large tank is not required for these crabs,

B) longer as eyes of B) it is not a large tank needed for the crabs,
C) longer than those of C) these crabs do not require a large tank,
D) as long as D) the requirements for these crabs do not

include a large tank,
When the Erie Canal was opened in 1825, it was

Ill
40 feet wide and 4 feet deep . Over half the original Pottery and ceramics are interchangeablewords.
canal was taken out of use with the 1918 opening They both refer to objects which are made from
of a 120 feet wide and 12 feet deep section that clay that is heated to make it harder. Earthenware
__ about ten years earlier to accommodate the is pottery that is baked at a low temperature. The
larger barges of the modern era. result is porous and brittle. Earthenwareis often
glazed to enhance __ durability and capacity
Which choice completes the text so that it to hold water.
A) had been designed conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
B) had designed
A) its
C) designed
B) it's
D) is designed
C) their
D) they're

Module
1
m
The largest known fish species, the whale shark, is
actually a slow - moving filter feeder that primarily
subsists on plankton. Therefore, despite its __
- When Austrian painter Gustav Klimt completed
Tl,e __ it was initially reviled as excessive due
to its gold leaf, silver, and platinum. However) it is
is not a threat to humans. now considered one of the finest examples of the
Art Nouveau style.
A) size. It
A) Kiss (Der Kuss in German)
B) size it
B) Kiss, (Der Kuss in German)
C) size- it
C) Kiss (Der Kuss in German),
D) size) it
D) Kiss, (Der Kuss in German) ,
Ell
Judy Blume is the author of many beloved
Ill
children's __ Tales of a Fourth Grade Nothing. American author and inspirational __ has
Her frank discussions of childhood anxieties and shared his optimistic outlook with audiences
family issues have made her a target of censors, so around the world. His unusual approach to
along with her writing) she has spent considerable leadership is founded in cultural anthropology
time fighting to protect the freedom of speech. rather than business.
Which choice completes the text so that it vl'hich choice completes the text so that it
conforms to the conventions of Standard English' conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
A) stories such as: A) speaker Simon Sinek

B) stories, such as B) speaker - Simon Sinek-
C) stories, such as. C) speaker, Simon Sinek
D) stories. Such as D) speaker Simon Sinek,

Module
1
- __ slavery was abolished and Black American

men were granted the right to vote in the 1860s.
rights were slowly taken away so that conditions
Edgar Allen Poe's Murders in the Rue Morgue is
a detective story written in 1841. At the time it
was written) it was praised as being exceptionally
were inferior for people of color. It took almost clever and considered quite a novelty. __ it is
100 years for new federal laws to be passed that considered the beginning of the detective fiction
prevented discrimination based on race. genre.
Which choice completes the text with the most Which choice completes the text with the most
logical transition? logical transition?
A) Although A) Meanwhile,
B) Since B) Nevertheless,
C) Hence C) Instead ,
D) Because D) Today,
Ill
Water is by fur the most common drink in the
world The next most popular is coffee, but that
beverage is consumed in a variety of different
ways. __ , it may be served hot, cold) or with
additions such as milk or spices.

logical transition?
A) Regardless,
B) Nevertheless,
C) Indeed,
D) Additionally,

Module
1
• Geothermal energy is derived by tapping the heat within the Earth , which does not
require fuel and does not vary based on atmospheric conditions .
• The energy does not generate carbon dioxide, greenhouse gasses. or particulate
matter that contributes to climate change .
• Geothermal power plants have an 80- to 100- year lifespan and require very little
maintenance .
• Not all locations are suitable for geothermal power generation because it would be
too labor - intensive to reach underground pockets of sufficient heat
• Although geothermal plants are often associated with a foul smell, modem filtration
systems can reduce that effect.
The student wants to address a common concern for an audience familiar with
geothermal energy. Which choice most effectively uses relevant information from the
notes to accomplish this goal'
A) Though not all areas are suitable for geothermal plants , it is possible to select ones that
are less labor - intensive for erecting facilities.
B) Geothermal energy is good because it comes from the heat from within the earth
rather than fuel.
C) Geothermal power plants have longer life spans than other power sources because
they can operate up to 100 years.
D) If the proper filtration systems are in place, then geothermal plants will not emit
odor - causing gasses or particles that lead to climate change.

Module
1
- While researching a topic) a student has taken the

following notes:
• The first dynasty of Egypt was the first period

after Lower and Upper Egypt were unified
into one country by the first ruJer.
• The seat of the first dynasty was Thinis .
• The exact dates are unknovm) but were

centered in the Bronze Age, most likely from
3100 B.C. to 2900 B.C.
• Tombs of the period were mostly made from

wood, mud, and bricks; stones were typically
used only for decoration, though some tombs
were stone.
• The first ruler was Narmer and the last ruJer

was Qa'a.
The student wants to introduce the first ruler

of Egypt to someone unfamiliar with Egyptian
dynasties. Which choice most effectively
A) The rulers in the first dynasty of Egypt

reigned from about 3100 B.C. to 2900 B.C.,
starting with Narmer and ending with Qa'a.
BJ Narmer unified Lower and Upper Egypt into
one country in around 3100 B.C. and became
the first ruler of its first dynasty.
C) Narmer was the first ruler in Egypt during the

Bronze Age and his tomb was made of wood,
mud, and bricks.
D) The first dynasty of Egypt ruled from Thinis

after Narmer joined Upper and Lower Egypt

Module
2

- The following text is adapted from Fyodor

Dostoevsky's 1848 novel, White Nights and Other
- Ocean energy, as all other rene\vable sources
of energy. can contribute to a more sustainable
Stories. energy su pply. but it is not environmentally
friendly per se. The activities involved in
Suddenly, the inebriated gentleman set off manufacturing . operation) maintenance, and
and flew full speed in pursuit of my unknown decommissioning of ocean energy devices
lady. She was racing like the wind, but the will have various effects on the environment.
staggering gentleman was overtaking- Governments and society need a __
overtook her. In a flash I was on the other understanding of the environmental implications
side of the street; in a flash the ohtrusiw of ocean energy systems before ocean energy
gentleman had taken the position , had fallen systems are built, and also to reduce or adjust
back without a word. impacts to acceptable levels.
As used in the text, what does the word Which choice completes the text with the most
"'obtrusive.. most nearly mean? logical and precise word or phrase?
A) obvious A) vigorous
B) conspicuous B) sturdy
C) deplorable C) robust
D) inevitable D) tough

Module
2
- The following text is from Charles Dickens's novel

..The following text is adapted from Emily
Oliver Twist, published serially between 1837 and Dickenson's Poems, published after her death in
1839. 1886.
The donkey was in a state of profound If I can stop one heart from breaking,
abstraction:wondering, probably,whether he I shall not live in vain;
was destined to be regaled with a cabbage-
If I can ease one life the aching,
stalk or two when he had disposed of the
two sacks of soot with which the little cart Or cool one pain,
was laden; so, without noticing the word of
Or help one fainting robin
command, he jogged onward.
Unto his nest again,
As used in the text, what does the word
I shall not live in vain.
"abstraction"most nearly mean?
What is the main purpose of repeating the line •1
A) generalization shall not live in vain"?
B) hypothesis
A) It stresses how strongly the author feels about
C) intention
the subject.
D) preoccupation
B) It indicates that the author is close to her
death .
C) It highlights the futile nature of certain tasks.
D) It shows that the author regrets not

accomplishing certain goals.

Module
2
- The vegan diet is chosen by individuals for

various reasons. including health and ethics.
While many health benefits exist, it is essential for
those who are vegan or are planning to become
vegan to be educated about potential nutrient
deficiencies to prevent adverse outcomes. ln
addition, it is evident that the v~an diet is much
mace than a diet itself but has developedinto
a lifestyle, often associated with animal rights
and environmental advocacy as well as a greater
concern for physical activity and mindfulness.
Further research begs the question of whether the
health benefits associated with the diet are solely
attributableto the diet or in conjunction with a
greater physical activity level and mindful living.
What is the main purpose of including the claim

that "'the vegan diet is much more than a diet
itself" >
A) To show that people who are concerned about

protecting animals should consider veganism.
B) To indicate that adopting veganism is a good
way for people to help the environment.
C) To imply that many vegans consider factors

other than food to be part of being a vegan.
D) To establish that people who are vegans have

healthier lifestyles than non -vegans do.

Module
2
Text 1
The Kuiper Belt is a region of space, shaped roughly like a donut , at the far reaches of our
solar system. It is located outside the orbit of Neptune and contains over 2,000 identified
objects) though scientists speculate that there may be millions more that have not been
found yet due to its extreme distance from the sun . In 1930, the dwarf planet Pluto was
the first object to be found in the Kuiper Belt, but it took many decades for the second,
Pluto's moon , Charon, to be located in 1978.
Text2
Objects in the Kuiper Belt are rocky bodies made from elements such as iron, and most
of the ones found to date also are covered with ice that is composed of water or methane.
In fact. some scientists speculate whether Earth's oceans were formed from water ice from
comets in the Kuiper Belt. The quantity of ice greatly increases an object's reflectivity,
making it easier to isolate objects made of such materials in telescopes that are trained on
the distant reaches of our solar system.
Based on the texts, how would the author of Text 2 react to the claim in Text 1 that "there
may be millions more that have not been found yet,.?
A) The author of Text 2 would say that many of the objects will be hard to find because
they are not covered with reflective ice.
B) The author of Text 2 would claim that it is easier to find large objects such as dwarf
planets , so the remaining objects must all be small.
C) The author of Text 2 would point out that the objects that have been found are
probably closer to the sun than the objects that have not yet been found.
D) The author of Text 2 would argue that the number is greatly elevated over the actual
number of objects which are in the Kuiper Belt.

Module
2
- Text 1
Prisons in the 1820s were unregulated and unhygienic , ... Dorothea Dix visited every
public and private facilityshe could access. documenting the conditions she found . She
then presented her findings to the legislature of Massachusetts , demanding that officials
take action toward reform. Her reports - filled with dramatic accounts of prisoners
flogged, starved, chained, and abused by their keepers, and left undressed and without
heat or sanitation - shocked her audience and galvanized a movement that succeeded in
improving conditions for the imprisoned and insane .
Text2
Settlement house founder and peace activist Jane Addams ( 1860- 1935) .. .• along with
a college friend) Ellen Starr, moved in 1889 into an old mansion in an immigrant
neighborhood of Chicago. Hull-House, which remained Addamss home for the rest of
her life and became the center of an experiment in philanthropy ) political action , and
social science research , was a model for settlement work among the poor.
Based on the texts, how would Jane Addams in Text 2 most likely respond to Dix's actions
to improve the conditions for the imprisoned and insane as illustrated in Text l?
A) By disputing the idea that Dix could impose reform through documentation and
reports instead of physically experiencing the conditions.
BJ By assenting the importance of political action in achieving reform but asserting the
g reater significance of a personal lifetime commitment to a social cause.
C) By corroborating that thorough and honest research combined with political action
are necessities when attempting social reform.
D) By contesting the effectiveness of the non•scientific and dramatic nature of DixS

reports in achieving reform .

Module
2
The following text is adapted from Abraham

Lincoln 's last public address, given April 11, 1965.
-It was an audacious idea: To send an unmanned
research vehicle called a saildrone on a 13,670 -
mile journey around Antarctica . at the mercy
The amount of constituency , so to speak, of the most hostile seas on the planet. ln winter .
on which the new Louisiana government "The assumption was the Southern Ocean would
rests , ·would be more satisfactory to all) eat the saildrone . .. and that would be that ;'
if it contained fifty, thirty, or even twenty said NOAA oceanographer Adrienne Sutton.
thousand) instead of only about twelve "But we were ·willing to try, given the large role
thousand) as it does. It is also unsatisfactor y to the ocean plays in climate change. Getting the
some that the elective franchise is not given to Southern Ocean's carbon balance right is urgently
the colored man. I would myself, prefer that important." The 196-day voyage was the world's
it were now conferred on the very intelligent , first autonomous circumnavigation of Antarctica
and on those who serve our cause as soldiers . - a technological feat unfathomable just a
Still the question is not whether the Louisiana decade ago. Until recently, scientists assumed
government) as it stands. is quite all that that the Southern Ocean was a big contributor
desirable . The question is, "Will it be wiser to absorbing the greenhouse gases driving global
to take it as it is, and help to improve it, or to warming. but shifts in winds and circulation
reject ) and disperse it?" "Can Louisiana be around Antarctica could alter CO, uptake from
brought into proper practical relation with the the atmosphere . But researchers had yet to sample
Union sooner by sustaining, or by discarding vast areas, especially during stormy autumn and
her new state government?,. winter seasons.
According to the text, what is one of the According to the text, what is one of the main
controversies regarding Louisiana? goals of launching the saildrone during the
winter?
A) Relativel y few voters reside within the state
B) The state is much larger than many others in A) To prove that the Southern Ocean was
the Union. absorbing as much CO 2 as previously
estimated
C) The proportion of freed slaves is higher than
in other states. B) To test the limitations of new technology
designed to survive harsh conditions
D) The state has not agreed to policies accepted
elsewhere. C) To collect data during a time period in which
very little research had previously been done
D) To establish whether the Southern Ocean
played a vital role in CO, absorption

Module
2
1111
Peanut butter and jelly sandwiches are a nostalgic
childhood staple. However . research shows that
- Shark attacks by Year (Global)
they can be good for you as well as delicious.

Peanut butter is filled ·with nutrients such as
........ 'i---1$:s:8'
,----z,,...~-
vitamin E. iron. and magnesium. Furthermore. it
has a lot of protein and fiber, which helps suppress
the appetite so people can lose weight. On top of
•
that , people who eat peanut butter regularly may 0 8 0
have other health benefits : 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Which choice most logically completes the text?

I fatal attacks ~non ~fatal attacks
When people envision sharks, they often imagine

A) one study showed women who ate at least five
deadly carnivores that attack people on sight.
servings of peanut butter per week were 44
In reality, sharks tend to avoid encounters with
percent less likely to suffer from heart disease.
humans unless provoked , and the actual number
BJ peanut butter is high in calories, so it of deaths per year is typically below JO for the
is advisable to use servings that are 2 entire world per year. Of course) it is incorrect to
tablespoons or less. judge the number of dangerous encounters just
C) select natural varieties rather than brands by looking at deaths . For example, there were 9
which contain partially hydrogenated oils or deaths from shark attacks in 202 I, __
other additives .
Which choice most effectively completes the
D) it can be served in a variety of ways from example using data from the graph'
peanut butter curry to spread on fruit to
mixing it into a smoothie health drink. A) but fewer non - fatal attacks than earlier in the
decade .
B) down by I from the previous year.

C) but there were 64 non - fatal attacks.
D) which was more than in 2018 and 2019

combined .

Module
2
Ill Ill
Togo The following text is adapted from Jane Austin's
Madagascar
1811 novel, Sense and Sensibility.
Eritrea
Burundi
Sierra Leone
Mrs. Dashwood waited only for the disposal
I.
Nigeria
I ' I I
of her effects at Norland before she set
off to her new home ; and this, as she was
exceedingly rapid in the performance of
everything that interested her. was soon done.
Number of Tourists(20 16) The horses which were left her by her husband
had been sold soo n after his death , and an
opportunity now offering of disposing of her
Safari tourism in Africa highlights exotic carriage) she agreed to sell that likewise at the
creatures including elephants, lions , rhinos . earnest advice of her eldest daughter . For the
hippos. and big game. However. the region is also comfort of her children , had she consulted
replete with naturalfe.aturesor attractions that only her own wishes, she would have kept it;
tourists gravitate toward. particularlythose in but the discretion of Elinor had prevailed
search of outstanding scenic sites or who desire Her wisdom too limited the number of their
an environmental adventure.There are dozens of se rvants to three; two maids and a man,
awe- inspiring national parks throughout Afric:a with whom they were speedily provided
like Mt. Kilimanjaro in Tanzania and Zuma Rock from amongst those who had formed their
in Nigeria . However, local conditions make it establish ment at Norland .
hard to travel in some places. For example, due
to the infrastructure for accommodating visitors, Based on the text, what can be inferred about the
travel in Togo in 2016 was: __ relationship between Mrs. Dashwood and her
oldest daughter'
graph to illustrate the claim' A) Mrs. Dashwood defers to her daughters
decisions .
A) the highest of the selected countries B) Mrs. Dashwood usually tells her daughter
represented in the figure. what to do.
B) greater than that of either Burundi or Nigeria. C) Both would prefer living apart from each
C) lower than that of Nigeria but higher than that other.
of Eritrea. D) Both feel that the other is acting in error.
D) higher than it had been in the previous year.

Module
2
Ill
What can you do to add an extra layer of
protection when entering into a business
opportunity? Before you buy a franchise. insist
- The American author Ernest Hemingway , __
received the 1954 Nobel Prize for Literature , was
famous for a very minimalist writing style that is
on seeing proof in writing for earnings claims . best exemplified in his short novel , 17,e Old Man
including statements like "Earn up to $10,000 and the Sea about a sailor struggling against a
a month! " Phrases like "up to" aren 't a way out blue marlin.
for the seller. It's an earnings claim and it's
your right to demand proof. You should also Which choice completes the text so that it
interview current owners of the seller's business conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
opportunity . Ask the tough questions - like if the
information in the disclosure document matches A) he
their experience with the company . Listen to sales B) who
presentations with a critical ear. They are- of
course-trying to sell you something . Finally, if a C) that
seller doesn 't give you the information you know D) whom
they have to provide, walk away.
Based on the text, what can reasonably be inferred

about the author's opinion concerning franchises?
A) The author feels most franchises do not offer

realistic information about their earnings
potential.
B) The author feels franchise advertisements
usually highlight the best possible scenarios.
C) The author feels there are insufficient laws for
the protection of franchise sellers.
D) The author feels that with proper research , an
investor can ensure that the business will not
fail.

Module
2
Ill Ill
Carbon emission credit programs are designed to Federko Garcia L.orca was one of Spain's
reduce the overall amount of pollution released foremost poets and was known for ___ classic
into the environment by limiting greenhouse gas Spanish forms, but with modern symbolism and
emissions, encouraging technological innovation, individualistic humor. Unfortunately, his career
and was abruptly cut short by the Spanish Civil War,
but his legacy lives on.
A) it increases competition bet\veen enterprises
for the credit rights. A) revive
B) increasing competition between enterprises B) revived

for the right to use the credits . C) revival
C) the right to use the credits is something
D) reviving
enterprises compete for.
D) increased competition between enterprises for

the right to use the credits .
Ill
Most people want to incorporate more exercise
into their daily routine . but is there an optimum
time for it? According to sports scientists. exercise
performance is closely correlated with body
temperature, __ typically peaks in the early
evening .

A) it
B) when
C) which
D) that

Module
2
The Similan Islands form an archipelago in the

Adaman __ visitors arrive on speed boats
for a day trip, but consider an overnight stay if
- __ massive stones erected around 2,500 B.C.-
is one of the most famous Neolithic monuments
in the world, though it was built on the site of a
you want to enjoy the stunning scenery almost circle made of timber and pounded earth that had
completely to yourself. been built about 500 years earlier.
A) Sea. Most A) Stonehenge - a ring of

B) Sea, most B) Stonehenge, a ring of-
C) Sea; and most C) Stonehenge, a ring of
D) Sea and - most D) Stonehenge: a ring of
Ell
Modern dance is a contemporary fonn of Billy Joel is a singer and songwriter who is best
expression that evolved from the rigid structure of known for the song "Piano Man ; He started his
ballet to become naturalistic , with free and fluid music career in earnest when he found he did
movements that represent __ feelings. not have enough credits to graduate high school
and claimed he did not care about finishing
Which choice completes the text so that it his education. __ twenty - five years later he
conforms to the conventions of Standard English? contacted his former school and wrote essays that
allowed him to belatedly receive a degree.
A) ideas emotions and
B) ideas, emotions, and
logical transition?
C) ideas, emotions and,
D) ideas; emotions; and A) Inevitably,
B) Simultaneously,
C) Consequently,
D) Nonetheless,

Module
2
Ill Ill
The largest boat to date to sail the Great Lakes, the While researching a topic , a student has taken the
Edmund Fitzgerald , sank on November 10, 1975, following notes :
northwest of Whitefish Point in Lake Superior.
__ its fame . the exact cause of the shipwreck • Freshwater tropical fish can tolerate
has yet to be determined temperatures from 18 to 26 degrees Celsius,
so may require a heater in the ·winter.
logical transition? • Freshwater tropical fish are often kept in
tanks with water plants, but since most eat
A) Because of vegetables as well as meat ) they may consume
the plants.
B) Despite
C) Indeed , • Bee.a.useocean water temperatures remain

relatively constant throughout the year,
D) Furthermore,
salt\vater tropical fish must be monitored in a
system with less than 2 degrees of variation .
• Saltwater tanks are usually maintained at the

proper balance of minerals using synthetic
salt
ID
Several international organizations monitor • Most tropical saltwater aquarium fish are
the position of space debris larger than 10 omnivores or scavengers.
centimeters across to ensure safe space travel.
__ those efforts are not sufficient) as there are The student wants to explain a key difference
between the care of tropical saltwater and
about twenty times as many smaller objects that
freshwater fish to an audience that knows very
are moving at speeds fast enough to damage even
little about fish. Which choice most effectively
a heavily protected spacecraft .
Which choice completes the text with the most accomplish this goal?
logical transition?
A) Tropical fish, whether freshwater or saltwater ,
A) However, most commonly eat meat ) though some
include vegetables in their diets.
B) Likewise,
B) Freshwater fish need to be kept in tanks with
C) Therefore,
plants, though saltwater fish do not.
D) Alternatively,
C) The acceptable temperature variations in a
salt\vater tank are much lower than what is
acceptable for a freshwater tank.
D) Freshwater tropical fish often have plants , but
saltwater tropical fish need synthetic salt.

Module
2
• George Elton Mayo was an Australian psychologist, industrial researcher, and

theorist who came up with a humanistic theory for management.
• Mayo's theory is based on the idea that repetition of tasks is boring and reduces
innovation .
• Mayo's theory offers each worker a significant amount of freedom in completing

tasks.
• The teamwork aspects of Mayo's theory can le,id to high productivity and
communication.
• Some workers feel greater stress and pressure because individual responsibilities are
increased in environments where Mayo's theory is applied.
The student wants to introduce Mayo's theory to an audience who wants to increase
innovation in the workplace. Which choice most effectively uses relevant information
from the notes to accomplish this goal'
A) George Elton Mayo cre,ited a theory based on the idea that repetition of tasks is
boring , so many companies see little innovation.
BJ The theorist George Elton Mayo pointed out that workers given signific,int freedom
complete their tasks and form good teams . but may feel great stress as a result
C) A theory proposed by George Elton Mayo addresses the question of increasing

innovation output by suggesting that workers get more freedom and less repetition in
completing tasks.
D) George Elton Mayo's humanistic theory can c:ause some workers stress , though it is
ouhveighed by the many positive points related to innovation.

Module
2
- While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes :
• The North Pole is located in the Arctic Ocean and temperaturesare routinely above
freezing in the summer.
• Due to the Earth'saxis. there is only one sunset and one sunrise at the poles per year.
• The South Pole is on Antarctica, and researchat the Amundsen- Scott South Pole
Station has provided compelling evidence about continental drift.
• Ground at the South Pole is about 100 meters above sea level, but there is 2,700
meters of ice, so the high altitude contributes to the arid desert environment.
• The highest temperature recorded at the South Pole was - I 2.3C, whereas, the lowest
was - 82.8C.
The student wants to emphasize a way in which the North Pole and South Pole differ from
each other. Which choice most effectively uses relevant information from the notes to
A) The South Pole has extreme temperatures ranging from - 82.8 to - 12.3 degrees
Celsius, but the North Pole does not.
B) Both the North Pole and the South Pole have only one sunrise and one sunset in a
I 2- month period.
C) Scientists have studied continental drift at the South Pole, but the North Pole is in the
ocean.
D) The temperatures at the South Pole are much colder than at the North Pole, with
highs never over - 12.3 Celsius at the former and well above freezing at the latter.
STOP

Module
1
Math
for all questions.
ifltllii
G
t
CJ w b~ ~x s~
0
45°
b a x,{3 s
I
C = 2,rr
2
B "
V = t wh
V E:}, @
4 &
V =½1rr2h V=
I
3
t wh
w


Mod ule
1


below .
answer.
more .

Module
1
- Which of the following represents the equation of

the graph below'
- A standard 52- card deck consists of 13 hearts,
13 spades, 13 dove s, and 13 diamonds. If the
first card picked randomly is a heart and is not
-
I" put back on the deck, what is the probability of
pid<lng a second heart card from the deck?
5 13
A) 52
B) 12
52
- 10 .5 0 5 10
C) 12
51
\ 5
'Q D) 39
51
A) y=3x' - 6x - 3
BJ y= - 3x' + 6x -
C) y=3x'+6x - 3
3 - Which expression is equivalent to
6xy(y + 3x) - 2x(3xy + y') ?
D) y= - 3x' - 6x - 3
A) 12xy' + 12x'y
B) 4xy' + 12.x'y
C) 4xy'- 12 x'y
- What is the product of the solutions in the

equation below?
D) 12.x'y - 4xy'
3x' - 12x + 15 =0
- The price of a dress, which originally cost $200,

increased by 15% on IS~ May 2021. Mary bought
the same dress on the 23'' of May 2021 at a 30%
discount. How much did she pay for the dress'

Module
1
If x' - y' = 12 and x - y =2, what is the value of

x+ y?
- A researcher collected a sample of 12 height
samples from his local mall and wrote them down
in meters.
A) 6 The data he collected are 1.23, 1.45, 1.67, 1.53,
B) 4 1.12, 1.23, 1.25, 1.39, 1.73, 1.84, 1.39, and 1.09.
C) 2 Which of the following statements is correct when

he collects a last- minute sample of2 .23m?
D) - 2
A) The mean and the range will increase and the

median and standard deviation ·will decrease
B) The me.an, range, and standard deviation will
- What is the value of xy for the system below'
2x+ y= 2
inc rease and the median remains the same
C) The me.an, range. median , and standard

deviation will increase
D ) The me.an, range. median and standard

deviation will decrease
3y -x= 20
A) - 12
B) - 2
C) 6 1111
D) - 3
A circle is inscribed in a square. If the square
has a side length of 14cm, what is the area of the
circle?
- What is the positive value of x for the following

equation?
A) 196,r
B) 49rr
C) 141T
D) 98rr
21x+41=12

Module
1
Ill
What is the new y-i11terceptof the function f(x)
below if the line is moved 2 units to the left and I
unit up?
- Iffix)
A) 7
=x + 2 and g(x) =2x + 3, find ..t{g(2)).
B) 4
f(x) =3x + 5
C) 9
D) 11
Ill
Which of the following coordinates is a solution Ill
to the following system of inequalities?
What is the y -i11terceptof the function below'
- 2y > - 4
3x - y>3 y=300'+5
A) (1,2)
B) (I, 3)
C) (2, 4)
D) (3, I)
Ill
A circle has endpoints of a diameter with the
coordinates of(- 6, 10) and (2, 10). Which of the
following is an equation for the circle?
A) (x - 2)2 + (y - JO)'= 16
B) (x+ 2)'+(y - l0)'= 16
C) (x+ 2)' + (y+ 10)' = 16
D) (x - 2)'+(y+ 10)2 = 16

Module
1
Ill
If the shaded region repr esents the solutions to an
.. Which of the following expressions is represented
ineq uality, which of the following ineq ualities is by the gra ph below'
represented by the graph below'
-4 __
·3
-----
-- /
---
\
l.----
\ ·2 -----
\
- 10 -5 0 5 10
' \
\ •l
\
\
\
\
0 20 40 60 80 100
10 \
•
' ' ' '
\
'
A) 400( 1.03)'·"'
A) y>2x+3 B) 180(0.97) '·"'
B) y> - 2x+3 C) 180( 1.03)'·"'
C) y< - x+ 3 D) 400(0.97) '·"'

D) y< - 2x+3
Ill
If 3x + 2(x + 4y) =ax+ by, what is the value of a?
A) 3
B) 2
C) 4
D) 5

Module
1
Ill
Using interval notation, what is the value of yin If 4x + 8 = 24, what is the value of x?
the inequality below'
A) 8
- 3y> - 15
B) 4
C) 3
D) 6
Ell
If sin(3x) = cos(x + JO), what is the value of x in
degrees?
A) 5°
B) 20°
C) 30°
D) 60°
Ill
Amanda is planning a trip and decides to save
for it. She saves SJO dollars during the first week
and doubles the amount she saves every week
thereafter . Which type of function below best
represents the amount that she will save in a given
week?
A) Exponential growth
B) Linear growth
C) Exponential decay
D) Linear decay

Module
2
Math
for all questions.
ifltllii
G
t
CJ w b~ ~x s~
0
45°
b a x,{3 s
I
C = 2,rr
2
B "
V = t wh
V E:}, @
4 &
V =½1rr2h V=
I
3
t wh
w


Module
2
below .
answer.
more .

Module
2
- 7x + 28 = 112 , What is the value of x + 4'

- 271; I
If --
8 1'
=9 , what is the value of 6x - 8v?
'
A) - 4
A) 2
B) 16
B) 5
C) 8
C) 4
D) 12
D) 10
- The radius of a ball is three times the radius of its

prototype . If the prototype has a volume of IOan',
what is the volume of the ball'
-
If the diagonal of a square is 16Ji , what is the
perimeter of the square?
- Ifthe system of equations below has one solution ,

what is the value of k'
r=2x+k
r=x ' - 10x+30
A) - 6
B) 3
C) 6
D) - 3

Module
2
Which of the following graphs represent s the

equation 12x + 4y =8'
C)
A)

Module
2
- If the system of equations below has no solution ,

what is the value of p'
lf3x= - Sy and 2x+ 3y= - 1, what is the value of
x'
3 3
-x+ S= px + - AJ 3
2 2
B) - 5
C) 2
D) - 8
- A researcher created a model p(x), which is a

function for the height of a girl in feet. Where t
is in years and t is 2 ,s; t ,s; 5. If p(xJ = 1.23( l .32J' ,
which of the following best represents the model
in m months?
- What is the greatest possible integer value of k
if the quadratic equation below has two distinct
solutions?
A) p(x J = 1.23( l.32 J"•
BJ p(x) = 1.23( 1;~ 2

r
•
4.x' - 12x+k=0
CJ p(x)= l. 23(1.32)u
DJ p(x J = 1.23( l.32 J•
- How many solutions does the equation below
- lf -2x'+Sx+IO
x-3
A+ --
7
x-3
h" h O fth e
,W IC
have?
A) 0
3(x + 6J + x =4x + 5
following expressions best represents A? B)
A) - 2x - l C) 2
BJ 2x + 3 D) Infinite
CJ - 2x - 3
DJ - 2x' + 4x + 13

Module
2
Ill Ill
Which of the following is equivalent to the What is the area of a circle whose circum ference
expression below? is 12n'
I I
-- + --
x-2 x+2
1
x -4
A)
2x 1111
B) X
Which of the following expressions is equivalent
2x to the expression below?
C) 1
X -4 I
1 3p' ,Ji,
D) X +4
2x
A) 3/Jp
B) ~3p'
ID C) 3!,/p
p D) 3Vf'
R
Ill
½'hat is the volume of a cylinder with a radius of
9 cm and a height of 6 cm'
PQ and PR are tangents and points P and R lie on
the circle. If L PSR =80° and L PQR =an, what A) 270,r
is the value of a?
B) 486,r
5 C) 81,r
A)
18 D) 108,r
B) 13
18
C)
9
D)

Module
2
Ill
lflines 3x +Sy= 6 and - 6x + py = 18 are parallel,
what is the value of p'
- If xy =5 and x' + y'
(x + y)' '
=45, what is the value of
A) - 10 AJ 9
BJ 5 B) 55
CJ 10 C) 110
DJ 3 D) 35
lf3xy(5x+ 2J + 2y(3x - 1) = ax'y+ bxy+ cy, what

is the value of b'
- A study was conducted on 1.200 residents in a
particulartovm. 950 of the residentssurveyed
owned a dog or a cat and the rest ovmed a
different type of pet. If there are 62,500 residents
in the town, approximatelyhow many of them
own a different type of pet?
AJ 62,500
B) 49,480
How many solutions does the absolute value
equation below have? C) 13,020
- 21x+ 41 =- 8 D) 61,550
A) 0
BJ
CJ 2
DJ Infinite
STOP

Answer Key

- "
"
"
0
'ij
-~-
:, ;i 19
.g
i
-
'.:I
t
" -
t: t: i: :, t:
0 0 0 0 0
u 0 u ::e V 0 u u
I. A I. C I. C I. B
2. A 2. C 2. 5 2. 270
3. A 3. D 3. C 3. A
4. B 4. A 4. B 4. D
5. C 5. C 5. 161 5. 64
6. A 6. A 6. A 6. C
7. B 7. C 7. A 3/2 or
7.
8. D 8. A 8. 2 1.5
9. B 9. C 9. B 8. C
10. C 10. A 10. B 9. A
II. A II. C 11. 12 10. B
12. B 12. C 12. D II. 8
13. B 13. A 13. B 12. A
14. C 14. B 14. C 13. A
15. C 15. B 15. 6 14. C
16. A 16. B 16. B 15. 36n
17. C 17. C 17. C 16. D
18. A 18. D 18. D 17. B
19. D 19. A 19. (- oo, 5) 18. A
20. C 20. B 20. B 19. 12
21. C 21. A 21. A 20. C
22. A 22. D 22. B 21. B
23. A 23. B 22. C
24. C 24. A
25. D 25. C
26. D 26. C
27. B 27. D

I
1. Level: Medium I Doma in: CRAFT AND Distractor Explanation: None of the other
STRUCTURE choices 6ts the context of explaining what the
Skill/Knowledge: Words in Context next generation will do to the miners. Choice B
refers to a strong order or requ est) but the actions
Key Exp lanat i on: Choic" A is the best answer.
in "'what we've done" and "'what we have left
The blank describes the way in which the insights
undonl ' are in the past. Choi ce C refers to forcing
and treatment of everyday life are "accessible to
something rather than commenting on something ,
the average reader.'' The pas.sage says the insights
and Choice D refers to a physical attack rather
are "'unassuming " or "'not flamboyant ,.. and the
than a verbal complaint.
treatment of everyday life and interactions is
"gently humorous " or "pleasantly funny,• which
suggests the stories are probably very e.asy to read 3. Level: Easy I Doma in: CRAFT AND
Choice A means "effortlessly " or "easily; which STRUCTURE
fits the context that the average reader can enjoy Skill/Know ledge: Words in Context
the stories without working hard to understand
them . Key Explanation: Choice A is the best answer.
The underlined word is an adjective which
Distrac .tor Explanation: Choice 8 is incorrect describes "the problem" as the problem exists in
because it refers to being full of worry, but there Southeast Asia. "Pronounced " refers to something
is no indication that the average reader would which is conspicuous or noticeable . Therefore , it
be worried about stories that are unassuming fits the context of saying that myopia is a more
and pleasant. Choice C is incorrect because the noticeable problem in Southeast Asia than in the
reader may be content reading the stories . but the US, as such a large percentage of students have it
underlined word refers to the "accessibility" of
the stories rather than to the reader. Accessibility Distractor Explanation: None of the other
is inanimate and therefore not content. Choice D choices adequately desc ribe "the problem" in
is incorrect bee.a.useit refers to dry, ironic humor , Southeast Asia. Choic" B refers to supporting a
but the passage already states that his humor is particular policy, but there is no indic.ation that
"'gentle." people want myopia) as it is a "problem." Choice C
refers to something which is ordered to be done )
such as taking a medical prescription . Choice
2. Level: Medium I Doma in: CRAFT AND
D is inco rrec t because it refers to how clearly
STRUCTURE
something is said.
Key Exp lanat i on: Choic" A is the best answer 4. Level: Medium I Doma in: CRAFT AND
because "'charge" is what the next generation will STRUCTURE
do to the miners. Choice A means "blame," so Skill/Know ledge.: Text Structure and Purpose
6ts the context of saying that the next generation
will not blame the miners for what they have Key Explanation: Choice B is the best answe r
done. They will only blame the miners for what because despite promising trips, "none of them
is "'undone ;· meaning that they will blame the ever materialized." This shows that Ulysses was
miners if the working conditions are still terrible . more interested in talking than in following
www.vibrantp11blishers.rom 287
I
throug h with his word. That is the action of a that the 2001 artefacts are not strong proof that
"sup erficial" or "shallow" personality: saying one it existed. Choice D is incorrect because there
thing but not caring enough to do it. are no "incompatib le" or "'conflicting " findings .
only recent evidence that s upplemen ts less strong
Distractor Explanat ion: Choice A is incorrect earlie r evidence.
because "foreshadowing' involves giving a clue
of something that will hap pen in the future .
However ) the promised trips never happened, so
STRUCTURE
they do not give any hint that Ulysses would take
Skill/Knowledge: Text St ructure and Purpose
his son on a trip or that Ulysses would die. Choke
C is incorrect because , if Ulysses really took an
Key Exp lanation: Choice A is th e best answer.
interest in his son, he would follow through on
Jacob was looking at the chess board , but
promises and spend time with the boy rather than
uncertain abo ut his moves , finge ring his hair and
getting the boy's hopes up and breaking them .
lifting and replacing the same piece before making
Choice D is incorrect because the trips would cost
a few othe r moves which may or may not have
a lot of money if the father and son really took
been effective. The end sentence s hows what he
them all, but the trips never happened. Therefore ,
was actually waiting or hoping for: the sound of
it is possible that the father had very little money
Fanny walking by.
and was just talking about places he could only
dream of visiting. Distractor Explanation: Choice 8 is incorrect
because there is no indkation of a desire to get
5. Domain: CRA FT AND STRUCTURE better at c hess, only to use time waiting. Though
Skill/Knowledge: Text Struct ure and Purpose Jacob thinks about his moves , it is unclear whet h er
they are effective or not. Choice C is incor rect
Key Explanation: Choice C is th e best answe r because Jacob is not "intense" or "'concentrating
because the text describes when the )iroft culture very hard." Instead, he is vacillating ove r moves
was first proposed and what evidence was and noticing things outside the room . Choice D
availab le at th e time . The text th en desc ribes a is incor rect beca use it is clear that Jacob is waiting
later finding - the excavations at Komar Sandal - for Fanny, but not why. There is no due that there
which might strengthen the evidence for su ch a was a "'quarrel" or "'argument. "
culture, but the link has not yet been decisively
drawn , as th e text says "might prove a vital link."
IDEAS
Distractor Explanat ions: Choice A is incor rect
Skill/Knowledge: Cross - Text Connections
because the text starts by s howing that there was
doubt about the culture because the artefacts
were not studied where th ey we re found, but the
because it desc ribes the most likely way th at the
information from Komar Sandal implies th at auth or of Text 2 most likely respond to Lincoln's
the culture may really have existed . Choi ce B is
behaviour as illustrated in Text 1. According to
also incorrect because no "'flaws" or "errors" are
Text 1, Lincoln was someone who stayed true
discussed about the theory; the text only says

I
to his personal convictions despite the concerns capsaicin and says that it is mostly contained in
of those close to him . Text 2 portrays Lincoln as the fruit. The speculation is "possibly to deter
someone who "grew more steady and resolute ) and mammalian herb ivores.'' "'He rbivores" are animals
his ideas were never confused ." In both cases. the that eat plants , so the plants that contained
authors are emphasizing Lincoln's stability and capsakin "stopped " or "'deterred '' predato rs from
equanimity . The a uthor of Text 2 would agree that eating the chili. Over time) the plants with more
Lincoln did not often deviate from his ways. capsakin survived.
Distrac .tor Explanation; Choice A is incorrect Distractor Explanation: Choic.es A and B are
beca use nothing in Text 2 suggests that author incorrect because th ey are uses that chilis have
believed that protection was important. Text 2 is been adapted for by human s but are not why chili
focused on how Lincoln was someone who "'grew plants evolved with c.apsaicin in thei r fruit Choice
more steady and resolute, and his ideas were never C is not mentioned anyw here in the text.
confused ~ not on the importance of protection

or Lincoln's assassination beliefs. Choice C is 9. Level: Easy I Domain: INFORMAT IO N AND
inco rrect beca use Text 2 doesn 't incl ude any IDEAS
info rm ation regarding the morbid nature of Skill/Knowledge: Central Ideas and Details
Lincoln's dislike for pe rsonal protection. In fact,
Text 2 indicates that th e a uthor believes Lincoln to Key Exp lanation: Choice B is th e best answer
be "steady and resol ute, and his ideas were never because "'reimbursement " refers to payment , and
confused ~ which Text 1 mirrors by illustrating he explains how much he enjoys getting paid for
his constant refusal to be guarde d or protected. traveling aboard a ship, "I always go to sea as a
Choice D is incorrect because there's no sailor, because they make a point of paying me for
info rm ation in Text 2 suggesting th at the auth or my tro uble."
would c hallenge th e supposition th at Lincoln
consistently "exposed himself to the deadly aim Distractor Explanation: Choke A is incorrect
of an assassin." Althoug h Text I does indicate that because th ere is no reference to "excessive'' or "'too
Lincoln regularly vent ured out witho ut protection , much' ' responsibility for passenge rs; th e narrator
Text 2 says only th at the auth or believes that does not mention the amount of work. Choice
Lincoln's characte r was that of a self•possessed, C is incorrect because it only describes what
steady and resolute man. Text 2 doesn't imply th at happens to passengers . not to Ishmael. Choice D
th e author doubts that Linco ln consistently put is incor rect bee.a.usethe narrator does not want
himself at risk of being assassinated "recognition " or "fume." He indicates that he is
happy to leave those "to th ose who like them."
8. Level: Easy I Domain: INFORMA TION AND

IDEAS 10. Level: Hard I Domain: IN FORMAT IO N AND
Skill/Knowledge: Cent ral Ideas and Details IDEAS
Key Exp lanat i on: Choice D is the best answe r
beca use "'evolved" refers to the changes that the Key Exp lanation: Choice C is the best answer
plant underwent ove r time. The text defines because Adam's wife, Alicia Withers, is described
I
as "anemic "' and "'devitalized ; which refers to the forces , but Choice B shows that at least one
someone who lacks vitality or spirit She spent exists, Choice C does not grea tly affect Clark's
her time raising her son out of sight of the general data in any way. Even if early humans ate nuts. or
public: "she had thenceforth effaced herself within one species went extinct , the overall biodiversity
the shadowy dimensions of the nursery, " rather can remain the same. ClarkS theory accounts for
than take an active interest in society or her contingencies suc h as extinction as it only shows
hus band's activities . Choice C means "·withdrawn" that stabilizing forces ensure that biodiversity in
or "not confident; · so it desc ribes Alicia well. the region remains approximately rather than
exactly the same . Choice D does not disprove
Distractor Explanation: Choice A is incorrect Clark's theo ry. If one species is susceptible to heat)
because while Alicia had some valuable it could decrease in number or go extinct , but
connections . the passage does not indicate that she overall ) the plants in a region will still rema in in
used them to her advantage. Therefore, s he was the same balance.
not "influential " or "dominant " in manipulating
her connections for her own good Choice B
refers to being able to attract and hold attention
12, Level: Medium I Domain: INFORMAT ION AND
IDEAS
and Choice D refers to being very lively, neither
of which are consistent with the description of an
(Quantitative)
"anemic " lady who does not leave the nursery.
Key Explanation: Choice B is the best answe r

11. Level: Medium I Domain: INFORMAT IO N AND bec.ause the "alternate source" column on th e
IDEAS rig ht- hand side lists only taurine as requ iring
Skill/Knowledge: Command of Evidence a "synthetic " or "man - made" supp lement. Th e
(Text ual) othe r nutrients can be at least partly replaced by
othe r sources. The second column of the chart lists
Key Explanation: Choic ,e A is the best answer "function.' ' Th e functions of taurine are given as
because Clark bases his claim on the concept that "muscle function , bile production. " Someone who
there are few overall changes in the biodiversity of does not have enough taurine would therefore )
an area , He believes that the neutral model , which have problems ,vith muscles and bile. Choice B
is the case if no stabilizing factors exist , would refers to "insufficient levels" or "not enough " bile ,
result in more variation because chance is the only which relates to prob lems with producing bile ,
thing that affects extinction and replacement of
species. Therefore . Choice A gives the scenario in Distractor Exp lanation: None of the oth er
which chance takes a large part , weakening Clark's ch oices are related to the function of taurine .
claim that other forces than chance are at work.. Choic,e A could be caused by a lack of DHA,
which could be replaced using microalgae.
Distractor Explanation: Choice B can be Choic,es C and D could both be caused by a lack
eliminated as strengthening rather than of 812, but that can be replaced using nutritional
weakening Clark's claim that stabilizing forces yeast.
exist. Choice B offe rs a "stabilizing force,. that
controls the biodiversity; Clark did not name

I
I 3. Level: Hard I Domain: INFORMATION AND Distractor Explanation: Choice A is incorrect
IDEAS because the passage says that a vote is usually
Skill/Knowledge: Inferences only cast "'in the case of a tie:• Since Colfax's vote
was notable, it probably was not cast under those
Key Exp lanat i on: Choic,, B is the best answer. conditions or it would be considered average
The text states that the end of October had "about or not worth noticing. Choice 8 is incorrect
the middle of the values" at 90. Since the highest because the passage says that the Speaker usually
values were 30 points greater at 120- in March , does not vote, but can if there is a tie. Therefore .
the lowest values were probably about 30 points it is possible to vote, though it may have been
lower. Since 90 was the median the lowest values "not valid " or "not acceptable " for other reasons.
would be around 60. Choice D is impossible to determine because
there is not enough information in the passage to
determine Grant's views on the subject.
because the amount of trading did not increase
over the ye.ar if March had a greater index, which
shows more trading than September or October. 15. Level: Medium I Domain: STANDARD
Choice C is incorrect because the cause of the ENGLISH CONVENTIONS
index change is only mentioned as changes in Skill/Knowledge; Form . Structure, and Sense
supply and demand; there is no discussion of any

Key Explanation: Choice C is the best answer.
changes at the New York Mercantile Exchange.
"Longer than" is a comparison which needs
Choice D is incorrect because if the middle index
to refer to two things that are similar. In the
was 90 and the highest was 120, then it is unlikely
sentence, the thing being compared is "the eyes of
that the index dropped below 20 many times ; that
baby rabbits." Choice C accurately uses "than• and
would gre,itly change the averages .
the comparative form with - er. It also correctly
compares the eyes of the baby rabbits with
14. Level: Easy I Domain: INFORMATION AND "those" - meaning "the eyes"- ofbaby hares .
IDEAS
Skill/Knowledge: Inferences Distractor Explanation: Choices A and D are
incorrect because they illogically compare the "the
Key Expl anat i on: Choice C is the best answer. eyes of baby rabbits " with baby hares . not the eyes
The passage says that the vote was "notable " of baby hares . Furthermore, Choke D is incorrect
or "important " because the Speaker "typically because it shows the same length of time rather
remains silent' ' or "'usually does not vote."' In than establishing that one event takes ten days
other words ) Colfax went against the normal more than the other Choice B is incorrect because
protocol by voting . His decision shows that he it uses "as" instead of "'than" to make a comparison
was "committed " or "felt strongly' ' about the with - er.
amendment to the point of breaking tradition to
show his support of it.
I
16. Level: Easy I Domain: STANDARD ENGLISH by a logical noun. Since "gro·wing " indicates an
CONVENTIONS animate object , it does not refer to the "large tank"
Skill/Knowledge; Form ) Structure , and Sense in Cboic" A. Cboic" B starts with the placeholder
"it." and Choice D illogically makes the modifier
Key Explanation: Choic.e A is the best answer . refer to "the requirements ."
"Had" is used to show that something happened in
the past before another action in the sentence ; in
this case , it shows that the design was made before
CONVENT IONS
the opening of the new section . "Been" makes
the verb passive , showing that the design of the
section was made by someone not mentioned in
Key Exp lanati on: Choic" A is the best answer.
the passage; the section did not do the designing
The subject is the singular "earthenware ," as
itself .
indicated by the singular verb "is." Choice A is
the singular possessive form showing that the
Distractor Explanat ion: Choices B and Care
durability and water - holding capacity belongs to
incorrect because they are active verbs which
the earthenware.
erroneously show that the section did the act of
designing. Choice C is also incorrect bee.a.use it is
Distractor Explanation: Choice 8 is incorrect
the simple past, so does not show that one action
because it is a contraction for "it is"' rather than a
occurred before another. Choice D is a present -
word showing possession. Choice C is incorrect
tense verb , so does not fit the context of an action
because it is a plural possessive fonn , but "'is"
which occurred in the past.
shows that "earthenware " is singular . Choice D is
incorrect because it is a contraction for "they are."'
ENGLISH CONVENT IONS
Skill/Knowledge: Form . Structure , and Sense
CONVENTIONS
Key Explanation: Choic.e C is the best answer.
The beginning of the sentence , "growing to about
Key Exp lanati on: Choic" D is the best answer.
one inch long ," refers to the size of the crab. A
The underlined portion connects the modifier
modifier like this phrase needs to be followed
"despite its size,. with the main clause ) "it is not a
directly by the noun it modifies. Since Choice
threat. . ." A comma needs to follow a modifier at
C starts with "these crabs ;- it offers the correct
the beginning of the sentence.
order for the modifier and words that follow. In
addition , "the y" in the second half ("but they . ..
predatory fish") properly refers to the subject of because "despite its size,. is not a complete
the sentence , "these crabs ." sentence; there is no active verb. Choice B is
incorrect because there should be punctuation
Distractor Explanat ion: All of the other choices
separating the main clause "it is not a threat. . ."
can be eliminated because the preceding modifier .
from the phrases that modify it. Otherwise , the
"growing to about one inch long.• is not followed
reader is unsure where one part of the sentence

I
ends and the next begins . Choice C is incor rect Distractor Explanation: Choice A is incorrect
beca use a single das h shou ld follow a complete because th ere is no comma separating the
sentence, but the preceding portion cannot stand modifier of time from the main clause. Choic.es
on its own. B and D are incor rect because the comma after
"Kiss" divides the parent h etical info rm ation from
the title it desc ribes.
Skill/Knowledge: Boundaries 22. Level: Medium I Doma in: STANDARD
Key Exp lanat i on: Choke C is the best answer. Skill/Knowledge: Boundaries
"'su ch . .. Nothing"adds more information to
describe th e previous noun , "'many beloved Key Exp lanation: Choice A is th e best answer.
children 's stories." A comma correctly separates "Simon Sinek" is necessary in the sentence to
know which "American author and inspirational
th e noun from extra info rm ation that desc ribes it
but which is not essentia l for unde rstanding the speake r" the sentence is writing about Therefore ,
main part of the sentence. there should be no punc tuation dividing the name
from the rest of th e main clause.
beca use a colon should only follow a complete Distractor Explanation: Choice 8 is incorrect
clause, but "such as" leaves the preceding idea because "'Simon Sinek" is not an aside but
unfinis hed. Choice C is incorrect beca use th ere an essential part clarifying the subject of the
should be no comma dividing "'su ch as" from sentence. Therefore , it should not be set aside
its object, the title of the book. Choice D is from the main clause . Choice C is incorrect
because "'American auth or and inspirational
inco rrect beca use th e portion after the period is
not a comp lete ide.a because there is no verb, so it speake r" is a subject. not a modifier . If it began
with "'an" or "the," then it is possible that th e
cannot stand on its own as a sentence .
description could be used in that way at the start
of the sentence. Choice D is incorrect because it
21. Level: Easy I Domain: STANDARD ENGLISH divides the subject from its verb "has shared. "
CONVENT IO NS
Key Exp lanat i on: Choke C is the best answer. Skill/Knowledge: Transitions
Parenthetical information should be treated as if
it is part of the noun it desc ribes, so in this case, Key Exp lanation: Choice A is th e best answer.
"Der Kuss in German" sho uld follow the same The sentence has two parts . one which says that
punctuation as "'TI,e Kiss." "When .. .Kiss" is a long Blacks were g ranted various rights, but th e second
modifier explaining the time of th e main clause. part says that conditions grew worse for Blacks
"'it was .. . platinum. " A comma should come at the and othe r peop le of color. Choice A is used to
end of a modifier at the start of a sentence. Since show that the main clause occurs in spite of the
clause modified by "although. " Therefore, it fits th e
th e parenthetical information is included as part
of th e clause, th e comma comes after it. context of sho·wing th at conditions were bad in
spite of slave ry being abolis hed.
I
Distractor Exp lanati on: Choices B and D can Distractor Explanation; Choice A is incorrect
be eliminated because they are used to offer a because it is used to show two things that
logical reason for the main clause of the sentence. happen at the same time, but the preceding and
They do not establish the relationship between following sentences are in the past and present
the parts of the sentence, because it is not logical tense, respectively. Therefore) they do not occur
that people who are given rights have those rights simultaneously. Choice B is used to show that
taken away again. Choice C is grammatically something happens despite something else. It does
incorrect because it is not used to subordinate a not fit the context because it is logical rather than
clause. unexpected that a very unusual piece of writing
was the beginning of a genre. Choice C is used to
show an alternative)so is not used to introduce
two things that are both true .
Key Explanatio n: Choice C is the best answer. 26. Level: Hard I Domain: EXPRESSION OF IDEAS
It is used to add information that emphasizes a Skill/Knowledge: Rhetorical Synthesis
previous daim t so fits the context of expanding
on the claim that coffee is served many ways by Key Explanati on: Choice D is the best answer.
giving examples of different ways it is served A "common concern" is a worry that people who
know about geothermal energy might have. In this
Distractor Explanati on: Choices A and B are case) the worry is the "foul" or "bad" smell, and
both used to show that something happens despite Choice D shows that the smell can be reduced
something else, so do not fit the context of adding with filters. In addition , Choice D highlights
examples to a claim. Choice D is used to add more another benefit that might be a concern: the plants
information on a topic, but it does not fit this will also not emit carbon dioxide or other gasses
context because the information should be a new and particles that lead to climate c.hange.
point that is related rather than more details like
examples that expand on the original point. Distractor Explanation: Choice A is incorrect
because the notes do not say how easy it is to
select the proper location; the notes only say
that some locations are not suitable. Choice B
IDEAS
is incorrect because the audience already knows
what geothermal energy is, so presumably, the
Key Explanatio n: Choice D is the best answer. information is not new. Furthermore) Choice
B does not "address'' or "answer" a concern or
The previous sentence describes how a story was
viewed in 1841. The present tense in the following worry; it just explains how the power is generated.
sentence shows that the sentence refers to the Choice C is incorrect because the notes do not
current time. Choice D correctly warns the reader say how long other power plants last; it is possible
that the time c.hanges from the past to the present that the life cycles of geothermal plants are average
"nov/ ' or even shorter than other types of energy-
producing plants.

I
IDEAS
Key Exp lanat i on: Choic<! B is the best answer

beca use the question asks about th e first ruler of
Egypt. Choice B provides the most information
about Narmer, including saying that he was the
first ruler. Choice B includes relevant details about
his unification of Uppe r and Lower Egypt and
the approximate time the unification and his rule
began.

beca use it desc ribes the first dynasty more than
th e first ruler of the dynasty; it provides extra
info rm ation at the expense of details that would
add more abo ut Narmer. Choice C is incorrect
beca use th e notes do not directly state that
NarmerS tomb was made of th ese materials ) only
th at the materials were common for the time . It is
possible that NarmerS was one of the exceptions
made from stone. Choice D is incorrect because it
does not explain whether Narmer actually became
th e first ruler, so it is unclear who the first ruler
was.
I
I. Level: Hard I Doma in: CRAFT AND to something that is strict or uncompromising. It
STRUCTURE refers to things such as rules rather than the way
Skill/Know ledge: Words in Context something is understood.
Key Explanation: Choice C is the best

answer because it is a strong word that means
STRUCTURE
"disreputable" or "offensive." "Obtrusive" refers to
the "gentleman " that was following the girl, and
Choic,e C clearly shows that the gentleman was
Key Explanation: Choice D is the best answer. In
not behaving properly as a gentleman should.
this context. "abstraction" refers to the "state" or
Choice C conveys distinct contempt for the man's
"mood " th at the donkey was in. The passage shows
actions.
th at he did not notice "the word of command "
but instead "jogged onward " or "continued "
Distractor Expl anation: None of the oth er
because he was wondering whethe r he would get
choices shows that the narrator took g re.at offense
a cabbage stalk or not. Choice D refers to having
at the gentleman's behavior.Choice A means
one's attention focused on something , so fits the
"clear,., or "apparent., Choice B refers to something
context of saying the donkey was paying attention
that is easy to see or that calls attention to itself.
to whethe r he would get food or not rather than
Choke D refers to something that is certain to
listening to commands.
Happen .

2. Level: Medium I Domain: CRAFT AND because it refers to making a judgment based on
STRUCTURE specific cases, but the donkey is not judging , nor
Skill/Know ledge: Words in Context is it making a final decision. Choke B refers to a
working idea used as the basis for an experiment,
Key Explanation: Choice C is the best answer but a "state" or "mood" is not a hypothesis. Choice
bee.a.usein the context. the blank describes the C refers to a specific decision , but the donkey has
understanding that governments and society not resolved to do anything, it is just wondering
need before ocean energy deployment takes place. and jogging along.
Choic,e C refers to something that is solid and
able to withstand outside pressures . It shows that
the understanding needs to be complete and not
STRUCTURE
e.asy to crumble when the pressure of arguments is
broug ht against it.
Key Explanat ion: Choice A is th e best answer

bee.a.use"'I shall not live in vain"' can be
choices describe th e understanding that
paraphrased as •1 would have fulfilled a useful
governments and society need. Choice A refers
purpose before dying ." The repe tition of this
to a living thing that is healthy and full of energy.
Choic,e B refers to something that is physically phrase shows th at the auth or feels very strongly
able to withstand roug h tre,itment. When used to or seriously that she should do something useful
desc ribe something intangible , Choic,e D refers before she dies, such as helping prevent a person

I
from getting a broken heart or aiding a bird that Key Explanation: Choic,e A is the best answer .
has fallen from its nest. The author of Text 2 refers to the difficulty of
identifying objects that are not covered with
Distrac .tor Explanations: Choice B is incorrect ice because such objects do not reflect light.
because the author is not saying she is about to Therefore , the objects that have not been found
die, she is saying what she wants to accomplish might not have ice, and therefore , they are harder
before dying . Choi ce C is incorrect because the to see.
phrase highlights the importance of the tasks, but
"'futile" means "'useless." Choice D is incorrect Distractor Explanation: Choice B is incorrect
because there is no clue as to whether the author because the author of Text 2 does not refer to
has "accomplished" or "completed " the things she the size of the object in relation to how e.asy it is
mentions in the poem ; she just stresses that they to isolate; it is possible that many large objects
are important things to do. that are not covered with ice still have not been
found. Choice C is incorrect because there is no
discussion in Text 2 about the distance from the
sun affecting whether it is easy to see objects or
STRUCTURE
not. Choice D is incorrect because Text 2 implies
that there are objects which have not been located t
though there is no clue about how many objects
Key Exp lanat i on: Choice C is the best answer
there might be.
because the author expands on the quote by saying
that veganism "has developed into a lifestyle"
that incorporates other beliefs, such as animal or 7. Level: Hard I Domain: INFORMATION AND
environmental activism and concern for physical IDEAS
activity. Therefore , the author is trying to say that Skill/Knowledge: Cross - Text Connections
the vegan diet includes factors or beliefs that are
Key Explanation: Choic,e C is the best answer
not solely related to a "diet" or "'food"
because it describes the most likely way that Jane
Distrac .tor Explanation; Choices A and B are Addams (Text 2) would respond to Dix's actions
incorrect because, while concern for animals to improve the conditions for the imprisoned
and environmental advoc.acy are often aspects and insane presented in Text I. According to Text
of veganism, on their own, they are not the only It Dix visited every public and private mental
reason for including a remark about becoming a illness and prison facility she could to research
vegan. Choice D is incorrect because the quote and document in graphic detail the inhumane
conditions, she then took political action and
is not comparing vegans and non •vegans. It is
broadening the scope of veganism to include presented the information to legislature of
aspects that cre,ite a lifestyle, not just the food a Massachusetts which led to reform . Text 2
person e.ats. indicates that Addams was an advocate for social

reform and dedicated her life to political action
and social science research that would improve the
6. Level: Medium I Doma in: CRAFT AND lives of lower •dass slums residents. This suggests
STRUCTURE that Addams would corroborate or support the
Skill/Knowledge: Cross - Text Connections methodology and actions used by Dix to achieve
social reform.
I
Distractor Exp lanation: Choice A is incorrect it is only established that freed slaves live in the
because nothing in Text 2 suggests that Addams state; no number or percentage is given. Choice D
·would dispute the effectiveness of research and is incorrect because there is not enough evidence
documentation in achieving social reform . Text to determine what policies or laws the state uses.
2 confirms that Addams would support this type
of action and she practiced it herself. Choice B
9. Level: Hard I Domain: INFORMAT IO N AND
is incorrect because Text 2 doesn't include any
IDEAS
information suggesting that Addams placed
greater significance on a personal lifetime
commitment to social cause than using political Key Explanation: Choice C is the best answer
action to achieve social refonn . Choke D is because the text says that "researchers had yet
incorrect because the re's no information in Text 2 to samp le vast areas, especially during stormy
suggesting that Addan1s would contest or question autumn and winter seasons;' indic:ating that the
the effectiveness of DixS reports in achieving results from the saildrone would fill in the missing
reform . Although Text 2 describes Addams', information by taking san1ples during the winter .
methodology more scientifically, it doesn't imply
that Addams would be against shocking society
because the saildrone was not launched to prove
into reformation using dramatic and emotional
a point about CO 2 absorption. It was to collect
information.
data in order to determine patterns in the times or
places that had not previously been studied much .
8. Level: Medium I Domain: INFORMAT ION AND Choice B is incorrect bee.a.usethe saildrone was
IDEAS sent to collect data, not to "test limitations ." Of
Skill/Know ledge: Cent ral Ideas and Details course. researchers hoped that it would survive
the harsh conditions and did not know if it would ,
Key Explanation: Choice A is the best answer but the main point of the journey was not to see if
bee.a.use a "'controversy " is a "'dispute." One point
the saildrone would make it. Choice D is incorrect
that clouds the debate of whether the state should because the passage implies that it was already
be invited into the Union is that there are only known that the Southern Ocean played a vital
twelve thousand residents within the state . If there role. The details of that role were not known, so
were more , the proper decision might be easier. In the winter launch was to determine certain details,
Lincoln's words, "The amount of constituency, so
not to see if it had a role at all.
to speak, on which the new Louisiana government
rests, would be more satisfactory to all, if it
contained fifty. thirty, or even t\venty thousand , 10. Level: Easy I Domain: INFORMAT ION AND
instead of only about twelve thousand. as it does." IDEAS

Distractor Exp lanation: None of the other (Textual)
choices are supported by evidence from the
passage. Choice B is incorrect bee.a.usethe Key Explanation: Choice A is the best answer
physic.alsize of the state is not mentioned As for because the unfinished sentence says that people
population, the state is presumably smaller than who eat pean ut butter "may have other health
others in the Union. Choice C is incorrect because benefits." Choice A gives a very specific health

I
benefit that might result: less chance of hear t 12. Level: Medium I Domain: IN FORMAT IO N AND
disease. IDEAS
Distractor Explanations: None of the othe r (Q uantitative)
choices gives a specific example to show a health
benefit of pean ut butter . Choice B shows a Key Explanation: Choic.e C is th e best answe r
potential problem: consuming too many calories. because the number of tourists in Togo in 2016
Choice C explains which types are bette r th an was 65,000. That number is lower than the one for
oth ers, but not why. Choice D offers serving Nigeria, 634,000, but higher than the number for
suggestions but does not explain how nutritious Eritrea , 28,000.
the recipes are.
because, although Togo is the top row on the
11. Level: Medi um I Domain: IN FORMAT IO N AND graph, it does not have the greatest number of
IDEAS tourists. That country is Nigeria in the bottom
Skill/Knowledge: Command of Evidence row, which had almost ten times as many visitors.
(Q uantitative }
Choice B is incorrect because the number for
Togo is greate r th an that for Burundi , 56,000,
Key Expl anati on: The unfinished sentence is
but lower than that for Nigeria . Choi ce D is
giving an example to illustrate the claim in the
impossible to determine because th e graph does
previous sentence that "it is incorrect to judge the
not give the number of tourists for the previous
number of dangerous encounters just by looking
year.
at deaths." Therefore, the mission portion should
emphasize a point that extends beyond deaths
caused by s harks. Choke C effectively stresses 13. Level: Easy I Domain: INFORMAT ION AND
th e point beca use it s hows that th ere were many IDEAS
more dangerous encounters in the same year, so to Skill/Knowledge: Inferences

estimate the number of attacks) Choice C shows
th at it is better to look at all attacks rath er than
because the comment that "an opportunity. ..
just fatal ones.
kept it" explain that Elinor, the oldest daughte r,
Distrac .tor Explanations: None of the other convinces Mrs. Dashwood to sell the carriage
choices offer a good example to show that "it despite the fact th at Mrs. Dashwood herself
wanted to keep it. In addition, Elinor su ggests that
is incorrect to judge the number of dangerous
Mrs. Dashwood limit their household to three
encounters just by looking at deaths." Choice A
servants. Mrs. Dashwood "defers"' or "agrees"'
is very vague and the reader does not know if
to the opinions of her daughter despite some
th e number of non - fatal attacks is high or not. It
apparentreluctance.
could be almost identical to the number of deat hs.
Choices B and D only offer more detail abo ut
Distractor Explanation: Choice B is opposite of
deat hs, so they do not emphasize how looking at
the relationship portrayed in the passage. Choices
deaths gives an inaccurate idea of the number of
C and Dare not supp orted by any evidence in the
dangerous encounters.
text.
I
14. Level: Mediu m I Domain: IN FORMAT ION AND objects, not people. In addition, "that" is not used
IDEAS follo·wing a comma. Choice D is incorrect because
Skill/Knowledge: Inference s it is a pronoun used to show the object of a verb,
but the following clause needs a s ubject That
Key Explanation: Choice B is the best answer relationship can be dearly s hown by substituting
bee.a.use the au thor war ns the buyer to do research the proper noun into the blank: "Hemin gway
and be cautious abo ut any purch ase, sin ce sales received the prize."
pitc hes are by definition. "trying to se ll you
something." For examp le, the sales claims may be
16. Level: Easy I Domain: STANDAR D ENGLISH
higher than what an average person is able to ear n.
CONVENT IONS
Therefo re, the selle rs are trying to "highlight•
or "emphasize" the best possible as pects of the
franchise so that yo u buy into the scheme .
Key Explanation: Choice B is th e best answer .
The under lined portion is part of a list joined by
Distractor Explanation: Choice A is incor rect
"and• Each part of such a list needs to have th e
bee.a.use the author only warns th at some claims
same g ramm atical structure. In this c.ase, the first
may be elevated; th ere is no evidence th at "most,.
t\vo items are - ing verbs that show the method
are not realistic or tell the truth. Choice C is
of the reduction following "by": "limi ting . ..
impossib le to dete rmin e from the text beca use
emissions: and "encouraging .. . innovation. "
there is no disc ussion abo ut laws th at protect
Choice B is another - ing verb, so fits the same
the seller. Choice D is incorrect because the
structure.
author does not delve into th e success or failure
of a franchise. The author only indicates that an
investor needs to do prope r research.
can be eliminated beca use th ey do not maintain
the same struc t ure as the other two items in the
15. Level: Easy I Domain: STANDARD ENGLISH list joined by "and ." Choice A is a complete clause,
CONVEN TIONS "i t is . ..." Chokes C and D are noun phrases, "the
Skill/Knowledge: Form, Struct ure, and Sense right .. .'' and "inc reased competition . ..."'
Key Explanation: Choice B is the best answe r

bee.a.use it is used to introduce a clause th at
CONVENTIONS
desc ribes the previous person. ln this case, it
correctly s hows th at "Ernest Hemingway" was th e
pe rson that "received the 1954 Nobel Prize for
Key Explanation: Choice C is the best answer
Literature ."
because it acts as a noun and is used to introduce
a clause that describes the previous noun. ln this
Distractor Explanation: Choice A is incor rect
case) Choice C shows th at body tem perature is
bee.a.use it creates a complete clause that is not
what peaks in the early evening.
subordinated in any way. An idea separated by
commas in the middle of anot h er clause must
have a word s howing how it relates to the othe r
because it forms a comma splice bet\veen two
idea . Choice C is incor rect beca use it is used with

I
ideas th at can stand on their own as sentences. both the portion before and the portion after
Choice 8 is inc orrect because, though it is used a semicolon sho uld be an independent clause.
to identify time . it does not act as a noun . In However) in this case, "'and" subordinates the
this sentence, "'peaks" needs a subject Choice second half so that it cannot stand on its own .
D is incorrect because it is not used following Choice D is incorrect because a single dash needs
a comma; "that " is used to make a general to follow a complete sentence, but the "and"' in
noun more specific) not add more information front of th e dash is left hanging.
regarding th e noun as it is given.

18. Level: Easy I Domain: STANDARD ENGLISH CONVENTIONS
CONVENT IO NS Skill/Knowledge: Boundaries
Skill/Knowledge: Fonn, Structure, and Sense
Key Explanation: Choice B is the best answer .
Key Exp lanat ion: Choke D is the best answer When three or more nouns are joined in a list
beca use th e - ing form of a verb is used to create a using "and." there should be a comma after all the
noun phra se out of an action , and "'known for" is a nouns that precede "'and."
p hrasal verb that needs to be followed by a noun .
Distrac .tor Explanation; Chokes A and B are can be eliminated because they are not standard
inco rrec t beca use th ey are verb forms that are not punctuation for a list joined by "and" Choice A is
used with "known for.'' Choke C is a noun, but incorrect because there is no punct uation at all to
in the sentence ) the blank is followed by anot h er show where one noun ends and the othe r begins.
noun, "classic Spanis h forms ."' A noun should not Choice C is incorrect because there should be a
be directly followed by anothe r noun witho ut comma after the noun "emotions " but none after
some method of indicating how they are related to "and." Choice D is incorrect because semicolons
each oth er. are only used to join items in a list if there are
commas within the ideas . but each noun is a single
word .
CONVENT IO NS
Skill/Knowledge: Boundaries 21. Level: Medium I Domain: STANDARD
ENGLISH CONVENTIONS
Key Exp lanat i on: Choic<! A is th e best answe r. Skill/Knowledge: Boundaries
The information before and after the under lined
portion form complete ideas) and can also stand as Key Explanation; Choke A is the best answer . "'a
two complete sentences. ring of massive stones erected around 2)500 B.C."
is added info rm ation that describes "Stonehenge. •
Distrac .tor Explanation: Choke 8 is incorrect Added information needs to be sepa rated from
beca use it creates a comma splice between two the main clause "Stone henge is one of. . .'' using the
independent clauses. One of the clauses needs same punctuation at both ends. In this case, the
to be subordinated with a transition word for a end punctuation afte r "2,500 B.C." is a das h. so the
comma to be used. Choice C is incorrect because added infonnation should also be preceded with
a dash.
I
Distractor Exp lanation: Choice B is incorrect Key Exp lanation: Choice B is the best answer
because the dash divides "of" from its object. The because it is used to show that something happens
resulting main clause is illogical: Stonehenge, a even though something else happens . In this
ring of is one of.. .."' Choice B is incorrect because case) Choice B accurately s hows that the main
the punctuation needs to be the same at the start idea of the sentence) not finding the cause of the
and end of information inserted into a sentence's ship ·wreck ) occurred even though the first ide.a in
main clause. It is possible to use commas, but the sentence) the fame of the ship) existed. In other
there should also be one after "2,500 s.c.• In words , even though the s hipwr eck was famo us. no
addition , a single dash needs to follow a complete one knows why it sank.
clause ) but there is no active verb in the first
section. Choice D is incorrect because a colon
because it offers the first idea as a reason for
needs to follow an independent clause ) but the
the second) but it is not necessarily reasonable
preceding portion is only a noun.
that something very famous is still a mystery.
Choices C and Dare incorrect because they do
22. Level: Easy I Domain: EXPRESSION OF IDEAS not grammatically fit in the context. They act as
Skill/Know ledge: Transitions separate linking words, so the result is that "its
fume'' becomes an appositive) but "its fame"' is not
Key Explanation: Choice D is the best answer . another way of saying "the exact cause."
The previous information says that Joel did not
care about finishing a high school degree, but the
following says that he later went to the effort of 24. Level: Easy I Domain: EXPRESSION OF IDEAS
obtaining it. Choice D fits that context because
it is used to show that the following information Key Exp lanation: Choice A is the best answer.
happened despite the previ ous claim. In other The previo us portion points out the actions that
words, he finished a degree despite saying he did certain organizations are taking for safety, and
not care about getting one. the following portion says those actions are "not
sufficient"' or "not good enough. " Choice A is used
Distractor Exp lanation: Choic.es A and Care
to show a contrast of ideas, so accurately cues the
incorrect because they refer to the following
reader that the following idea casts doubt on the
happening as a ce rtain or logical result of the
first claim.
previous claim. However , this text refers to
something that happens unexpectedly ; Joel got Distractor Explanation: Choice 8 is incorrect
a degree although he said he did not want one. because it is used to highlight a similarity, but the
Choke 8 is incorrect because it signifies that the preceding and following ideas are opposite as far
previous and following claims happen at the same as ensuring safety for travel in space. Choice C
time, but in this case, the events occur 25 years is used to show a logical result of the prec eding
apart. argument , but in this case, the ide.a that smaller
items can cause damage is not a logical result of
the previous discussion that steps are taken for
safety reasons. Choice D is used to show another
possibility or choice, so does not fit the context

I
of desc ribin g the current situation and a problem innovation or solving th e prob lem of boredom.
with the c urrent situation. Choice B is inco rrec t beca use it does not show
how Mayo's th eory affects innovation; it points
out a way to get tasks done, but not necessarily
25. Level: Medi um I Doma in: EXPRESSION OF
in a creative way. Furthermore ) it points o ut a
IDEAS
problem th at could negate any benefits of the
theory . Choice D is extremely vague; it says that
Key Exp lanat i on: Choke C is the best answer there are positive points regarding innovation, but
beca use th e notes say that saltwater tanks can only the audience does not know what these positive
have a 2- deg ree Celsius variation, but freshwater points are. The negative aspect of stress may not
tan ks can have 8 degrees in variation. Therefore ) outweigh the benefits as far as the audi ence is
th e range for saltwate r tanks is much lower than concerned ; the audience does not have enough
for freshwater tanks. information to make a clear judg ment

beca use it highlig hts a similarity rather than a 27. Level: Medium I Domain: EXPRESSION OF
"'key difference " between the care of the two types IDEAS
of fish. Choi ce B is incorrect because the passage Skill/Knowledge: Rhetorical Synthesis
does not say that freshwater fish "need " or "must "
Key Explanation: Choic.e D is th e best answer
be kept in tanks with plants; it only says that they
because the tempe rature highs are com pared so
are frequently kept in such tanks. Furth ermore,
the reader can see that there is at least a 12- deg ree
th ere is no discussion whethe r saltwate r fish can
difference between the high extremes , which
be kept with plants or not. Choice D is incorrect
im plies a gene rally large difference behveen
beca use it only mentions two things from the
average temperat ures at the hvo poles .
passage which are not necessarily related to each
oth er and are not opposi te in any way; therefore ) it Distractor Explanation: Choice A is incorrect
does not highlight a c rucia l difference. because the tempe ratures of the North Pole
are not given in th e notes , so it is possi ble th at
the tempe ratures are just as extreme , though
26. Level: Medi um I Doma in: EXPRESSION OF
at a higher overal l range if the highs are above
IDEAS
free2ing . Choi ce A does not offer th e reader any
idea of what the tempe ratures at th e North Pole
Key Exp lanat ion: Choice C is the best answer. really are for comparison . For a hypothetical
The audi ence is concerned about improving example based on Choice A) temperatures at the
innovation) and Choice C directly "'addresses' or North Pole could be of a less ext reme range , but
"'responds to" that question by offering a sol ution colder, from - 90 to - 85 C. Choi ce B is incorrect
based on Mayo's theory: giving workers more because it emp hasizes a similarity rather than
freedom. a difference between the places. Choice C is
incorrect because it does not show how the places
are different; th e scientists could have studied
beca use it only discusses why innovation does not
continental drift from a boat and both locations
occur; it does not offer any so lutions for inc reasing
are in the ocean.
I
I. Level: Medium I Doma in: ADVANCED MATH 3. Level: Medium I Domain: PROBLEM-SOLVING
Skill/Knowledge: Nonlinear functions I Testing AND DATA ANALYSIS
point; Determining the equation of a parabola Skill/Knowledge: Probability and conditional
from its graph probability I Testing point : Calculating
probability of simple events
Key Exp lana ti on: Choi«, C is correct The general
equation of a parabola is given by y = a(x - Ii)' + k Key Explanation: Choice C is correct . The
where (Ii, k) is the vertex. Based on the graph, the probability of a simple event occurring
vertex of the parabola is at (- 1, - 6). Substituting can be calculated using the formula
the coordinate of the vertex to the general no. of favorable outcomes
p = ---'--'-------- . Since a heart
equation yields y =a(x + 1)2 - 6. Since the graph total no. of possible outcomes
opens upward, the leading coefficient is greater is picked at first and is not put back in the deck,
than zero. This means that a is positive and based there are only 12 hearts left in a deck of now 5 1
on the choices, a is equal to 3. Substituting 3 to the cards. The probability of picking a heart card for
equation of the parabola yields y = 3(x + 1)' - 6.
12
Expanding the right side of the equation yields the second time would then, therefore, be ,
51
y = 3x' + 6x - 3.
which is 12 heart cards out of the 51 cards on the
Distrac.tor Explanations: Choice A is incorrect deck.
and may result from an error in expanding the

Distractor Explanations: Choice A is incorrect.
equation of the parabola . Choices B and D are
This would be the probability of picking the first
incorrect because a is negative, which means that
heart from the deck of 52 cards. Choice B is
the graph opens downward.
incorrect and may result from not subtracting the
first card picked from the initial total number of
2. Level: Easy I Domain: ADVANCED MATH cards. Choice D is incorrect bee.a.useit represents
Skill/Knowledge: Nonlinear functions I Testing the probability of not picking a second heart .
point: Determining the products of the solutions
to a quadratic equation
Key Exp lana ti on: To find the product of the

so lutions , use the formula ( ~) , where a is the
Key Explanation; Choke 8 is correct. To solve
coefficient of x2 and c is the constant. From the
this, use the distributive property which yields
given equation a= 3 and c = 15. Therefore)the
6xy' + l&x'y - 6x'-y- 2xy'.
1 Combining like terms yields 4xy' + l 2x'y.
product of the solutions is ( : ), which is equal
to 5. Distractor Explanations: Choices A, C) and D

are incorrect and may result from a conceptual or
calculation error.
I
5. Leve l: Easy I Doma in: PROB LEM-SO LVING Key Explanation: Choice A is correct. Solve
AND DATA ANALYSIS for the value of x and y by using the elimination
Skill/Know ledge: Percentages I Testing point: method.
Using discounts and percentage increase Multiplying to th e first equation yields
3(2x + y = 2) or 6x + 3y = 6.
Key Explanatio n : Sinc e the price of the dress first Subtracting the second equation from the
increases by 15%, then it becomes 115% x 200 = first equation yields 6x + 3y - 3y + x = 6 - 20.
230. Therefore, the price after 15" May is $230. Combini n g like terms yields 7x = - 14. Dividing
both sides of the equation by 7 yields x = - 2. To
However, she bought it at a discounted price.
find y, replace x with the value - 2 in the first
Applying the disco unt, the amount that she p aid
equation.
for the dress is 70% x 230 = $161.
Thisyields6 (- 2) + 3y= 6or - 12 + 3y= 6.
Adding 12 to both sides of the equation yields 3y
6. Leve l: Easy I Doma in: ADVANCED MATH = 18.
Skill!Know ledge: Nonlinear equations in one Dividing both sides of the equation by 3 yields
variable and systems of equations in two variables y= 6.
Test ing poin t: Using th e difference of two sq uares The value of xy = (- 2)(6) = - 12.
to solve a system of equations

Distracto r Expla n ations: Choices B and C are
incorrect because these are the values of x and
Key Explanatio n : Choice A is correct. The first
y respectively. Choice D is incorrect because it
equation contains the difference of two squares
would be the value of(y/x) .
which is in the form of a' - b. This can be factored
into (a+ b) (a - b).
Therefo re, 8. Level: Medium I Domain: ADVANCED MATH
(x - y) (x + y) = x' - y'. Skill/ Knowledge: Nonlinear equations in one
The first equation then becomes variable and systems of equations in hvo variables
Testing point: Solving absolute value equations
(x - y)(x + y) = 12. Substi tuting the value of (x - y)
from the seco nd equation into the first equation
Key Exp lanatio n : Isolate the absolute value by
yields 2(x + y) = 12.
dividing both sides of the equation by 2.
Dividing both sides of th e equatio n by 2 yields
2 4
(x+ y) =6. This yields lx+ I or Ix+ 41 = 6.
2 2
Solve the values of x by equating the content of the
Distractor Explanations: Choice B is incorrect
absolute value to the positive and negative values
and may result from solving the value of x. Choice
of the constant
C is incorrect and may result from solving the
Determine the first value of x using x + 4 = 6.
value of y. Choice D is incorrect and may result Subtracting 4 from both sides of the equation
from solving the value of y - x. yieldsx= 2.
Determine the second value of x using x + 4 = - 6.
7. Leve l: Medium I Domain: ALGEBRA Subtracting 4 from both sides of the equation
yieldsx= - JO.
Skill/Know ledge: Systems of two linea r equations
Since the problem only requires the positive value
in two varia bles I Test ing point: Solving system of
of x, the answer is 2.
linear equations for x and y
I
9. Level: Easy I Domain: PROBLEM-SOLVING Key Explanation: The function fix) translated 2
AND DATA ANALYSIS units to the left will become fix+ 2).
Skill/Knowledge: One - variable data: This yjelds y =3(x + 2) + 5 or y =3x + 11.
distributions and measures of center and spread The function fix) translated 1 unit up will become
Testing point : Evaluating and comparing fix)+ I.
measures of center and spread
This yjelds y = 3x+ 11 + I or y= 3x + 12.
Therefore, the new y - intercept is 12.
Key Exp lana tion: Choice B is correct . The data
being added would be an outlier on the higher end
of the data set. The add - on changes the maximum 12. Level: Medium I Domain: ALGEBRA
ofthe data set and this would mean that the range Skill/Knowledge: Linear inequalities in one
would increase. The outlier would also increase or two variables I Testing point: Finding the
the mean. The median will remain the same and solutions to an inequality
will still be 1.39 because it is the 70. number in
the new set of data. The standard deviation will Key Explanation: Choice D is correct. To find the
increase as the data point is an outlier. solution, substitute the choices for each inequality
and verify if the statements are true or false.
Distrac .tor Explanations: Choices A) C, and D
Plugging in Choice D (3, I) to the first inequality
are incorrect. They are false statements.
yields (- 2)(1) > - 4 or 2 > - 4 which is true.
Plugging (3, I) into the second inequality yjelds
10. Level: Medium I Doma in: GEOMETRY AND 3(3) - I > 3 or 5 > 3 which is also true .
TRIGONOMETRY Since both statements are true when the point
Skill/Knowledge: Area and volume I Testing (3, I) is plugged into both inequalities, then the
point; Area of a circle in an inscribed polygon correct answer is Choice D .
Key Explanati on: Choice B is correct. Since the Distractor Explanations: Choice A is incorrect.
circle is inscribed in a square) the side length of Plugging in (1, 2) to both inequalities yjelds - 4 >
the square is equivalent to the diameter of the - 4 and I > 3 which are both false statements.
circle. Therefore, if the diameter is 14cm) the Choice Bis incorrect. Plugging in (I, 3) to both
radius would be half, which is 7cm. The area inequalities yjelds - 6 > - 4 and O> 3 which are
would therefore be 7'rr or 49rr. both false statements.
Choice C is incorrect . Plugging in (2, 4) to both
Distrac.tor Explanations: Choice A is incorrect It inequalities yjelds - 8 > - 4 and 2 > 3 which are
is the area of a circle if the radius is 14cm. Choice both false statements.
C is incorrect because this is the circumference
of the circle. Choice D is incorrect because this is
twice the value of the circle'sarea.
TRIGONOMETRY
Skill/Knowledge: Circles I Testing point: Using
11. Level: Hard I Domain: ALGEBRA the midpoint formula and the equation of a circle
Skill/Knowledge: Linear functions I Testing
point; Using linear transformations Key Explanation: Choice 8 is correct.
I
The standard equation of a circle is given by 15. Level: Medium I Domain: ADVANCED MATH
(x - h)' + (y - k)' =r' where (11, k) is the center Skill/Knowledge: Nonlinear functions I Testing
and r is the radius. The endpoints of the circle are point; Solving for they - intercept in a nonlinear
(- 6, 10) and (2, 10). The midpoint of th ese two function
. ( --6 -,-
+ 2 10+10)
pomtswouldbe - =(-2, 10) Key Explanation: The y-i11terceptis when x =0.
2 2
Substit uting 0 for x in th e given equation yields
• which is also the coordinates of the center
of the circle. The radius of the circle can be
y= 300° + 5.
Any number raised to the powe r of 0 is equal to I .
solved by calculating the distance between
the center and one of the endpoints of the The equation becomes, y = I + 5 or y =6.
diameter. Substituting (2, 10) and (- 2, 10) to Therefore) they - intercept is 6.
the formula J(y2- y1)' +(xi - x2) 2 yields

Skill/Knowledge: Linear inequalities in one
+(-2-2)' =4
or two variables I Testing point: Finding the
4 would therefore be the radius.
equation of an inequality from its grap h
Plugging in th e coordinates of the center and the
radius to the standard equation yields (x + 2)2 +
Key Explanation: Choice B is correct. The
(y - 10)' = 16.
solutions to the inequality are above the line
Distractor Exp lanations: Chokes A, C, and D which would mean that they values are greater.
are incorrect and may result due to conceptual This means that the equation will be in the form
errorssuch as identifying the center from the of y > mx + b. Hence, the possible answer is either
equation of the circle. choice A or B. Since the das h line falls down from
left to right, the value of the s/ope(m) is negative.
Behveen Choices A and B, only Choice A has a
negative slope. Therefore , the grap h represents the
inequality y > - 2x + 3.
point: Finding the value of a composite function

Key Explanation: Choice C is correct. To solve
because it has a positive slope. Choices C and
this, calculate for g(2) first.
D are incorrect because they both use less than
Substituting 2 to g(x) yields g(2) =2(2) + 3 or
symbols for the inequalities.
g(2) =4 + 3.
Combining like terms yields g(2) =7.
Since g(2) =7, thenftg(2)) = ft.7). 17. Level: Easy I Domain: ADVANCED MATH
Substituting 7 yields./{7) =7 + 2 or ft.7) =9. Skill/Knowledge: Nonlinear functions I Testing
point: Finding exponential functions from grap hs
Distractor Exp lanations: Choice A is incorrect
because this is th e value of g(2). Choice B is Key Explanation: Choice C is correct Since the
incorrect because this is the value of./{2). Choice grap h rises from left to right, it is an exponential
D is incorrect because this would be the value of growth function in th e form offt.x) =n(I + r)'
g(/!.2)). where a is the initial amount) r is the growth rate,

I
and xis the number of time intervals. Since the 20. Level: Easy I Domain: GEOMETRY AND
graph represents an exponential growth function, TRIGONOMETRY
( 1 + r) > l. Hence) the possible answers are Skill/Knowledge: Right triangles and
Choices A or C because 1.03 > I. To determine trigonometry I Testing point: Using trigonometric
the correct answer between Choice A and C, find identities
th e value of n. Looking at the grap h, it inte rsects
at (0, 180) which means that the y -interc.eptis Key Explanation: Choice 8 is correct. Since
180. Thus, th e initial amount is 180 or n = 180. si11(3x) = cos(x + 10), the two angles (3x) and
Therefore, the correct answer is Choke C. (x + 10) are comp lementary and add up to 90°.
The refore, (3x) + (x + JO)= 90.
Distrac.tor Explanations: Choices A and D are Combining like terms yields 4x + IO= 90.
incorrect. They both have y - intercepts greater than Subtracting 10 from both sides of the equation
180. Choice B is incorrect. It representsa decaying yields 4x =80.
exponential function. Dividing both sides of the equation by 4 yields
X= 20°.

Skill/Knowledge: Linear equations in two
and may result from a conceptual or calculation
variables I Testing point: Matching coefficients
error. Choice C is incorrect and may result from
solving th e value of (x + 10). Choice D is incorrect
Key Exp lanati on: Choke D is correct To solve
and may result from solving th e value of 3x.
this, use th e distrib utive property to simplify th e
left side of the equation.
This yields 3x +2x +By= nx + by. 21. Level: Easy I Domain: ADVANCED MATH
Combining like terms yields 5x + 8y = nx + by. Skill/Knowledge: Nonlinear functions I Testing
Matching the coefficients yields n = 5. point: Determining the type of equation from data
given
Distrac.tor Explanations: Choices A) B) and C
are incorrect and may result from a conceptual or Key Explanation; Choice A is correct. Since
calculation error. Amanda doubles the amount of money she ¾ill
save every week, the amount that she puts in every
week grows exponentially. This exponential growth
can be repr esented by the models= S10(2) ', where
tis time in weeks and s is the amount that she will
two variables I Testing point: Writing the solution
save in the given week.
of an inequality in interval notation
Distractor Explanation: Choices B and D are

Key Exp lanat i on: To solve for this ineq uality,
- 3y -1 5 incorrect The function is exponential and not
dMde both sides by - 3 which yields _ > _ linear. Choice C is incorrect The amount she saves
3 3
or y < S. Since y can be any number less than 5, its per week increases exponentially and does not
value approaches negative infinity. decrease.
Therefore, th e interval notation is (- oo, 5).
I
Skill!Know ledge: Linear equations in one variable
Testing point: Solving for x in a linear equation
Key Explanation: Choice B is correct The value

of x can be solved by subtracting 8 from both sides
which yields 4x + 8 - 8 =24 - 8 or 4x = 16.
Dividing both sides of the equation by 4 yields
X= 4.
Distractor Exp lanations: Choic.es A, C, and D

c.a.lculationerror.
PracticeTestsfor the DigitalSAT 3 10

I
I. Level: Easy I Domain: ALGEBRA To get the values of a, b, and c, equate the two
Skill/Knowledge: Linear equations in one variable equations which yield 2x + k =x' - I Ox+ 30.
Testing point: Solving for x in a linear equation Subtracting 2x and k from both sides of the
equation yields O=x' - I 2x + 30 - k. This means
Key Exp lana tion: Choice B is correct . To solve for that a= I, b = - 12, and c = 30 - k.
this, start by factoring out the 7 which yields Substituting the values of a) b) and c to the
7(x + 4) = 112. Then divide both sides of the discriminant yields (- 12) 2 - 4 (1)(30 - k) =0.
112 Using the distributive property yields
equation by 7 which yields (x + 4) =- or
7 144 - 120+4k=O.
x+4=16 . Combining like terms yields 24 + 4k =0.
Subtracting 24 from both sides of the equation
yields 4k =- 24.
and may result from solving the value of x when Dividing both sides of the equation by 4 yields
x + 4 = 0. Choice C is incorrectand may result k= - 6.
from a miscalculation or conceptual error. Choice
D is incorrect and may result from only solving Distractor Explanatio ns: Choices B and D are
for the value of x. incorrect and could be a result of miscalculation
or conceptual error. Choice C is incorrect because
2. Level: Medium I Doma in: GEOMETRY AND this is the negative value of k.
TRIGONOMETRY
Skill/Knowledge: Area and volume I Testing 4. Level: Hard I Domain: ADVANCED MATH
point; Using ratiossimilar figures Skill/Knowledge: Nonlinear equations in one
Key Exp lana ti on: The ratio of the radius of the Testing point: Using exponent rules
ball to that of the prototype is 3 : I. Since the
volume of a sphere is directly proportional to Key Explanation; Choice D is correct.
the cube of its radius (V «: r'), the ratio of their To solve for this, equate the exponents by making
volumes should be 3' : I ' or 27: I. And given that the bases the same . Since 9, 27 and 81 are
the volume of the prototype is l0cm 3, the volume multiples of 3) then every base will be converted to
of the ball ..,11 be 27 x 10 =270cm' . 3. This yields 9 = 32, 27 = 33, and 81 = 34. Hence
3 )(..:- 1)
the equation will now become ----.,-- = J1 or
3. Level: Easy I Domain: ADVANCED MATH 3
Skill/Knowledge: Nonlinear equations in one 3).r:- )
-- =3'.
variableand systems of equations in t\vo variables 3•r
Testing point: Using the discriminant to find the Since the tenns on the left side of the equation are
number of solutions of a quadratic equation being divided, the exponents will be subtracted.
This yields 3"-'"''=32. Equating the exponents
Key Exp lana ti on: Choice A is correct . A yields 3x - 3 - 4y =2. Adding 3 to both sides of
quadratic with one solution has a discriminant the equation yields 3x - 4y = 5. To find the value
equal to O which means Ir - 4nc =0. of 6x - By, multiply both sides of the equation by
I
2 which yields 2(3x - 4y) = 2(5). equation. This yields O = - 3x + 2. Adding 3x to
Using the distributive p roperty yields 6x - By= 10. both sides of the equation yields 3x = 2. Dividing 3
from both sides of the equation yields x = ¾. Since
Distractor Expl anations: Choke A is incorrect choice C is the only g raph that has a y - intercept
6x-8y of 2) an x- intercept of¾., and a negative s lope, it is
and may result from solving the value of
5 the correct answer.
Choke 8 is incorrect and may result from solving
the value of3x - 4y. Choice C is incorrect and Distractor Explanations: Choices A and 8 are
. 2(6x-8 y) incorrect because they both represent a linear

may result from solvmg the value of -'--- '--'-.
5 equation with a positive slope . Choke D is
incorrect because it has an x- intercept of 6.
TRIGONOMETRY
Skill/Know ledge: Right triangles and
trigonometry I Testing point: Using the
in two variables I Testing point: Working with
pyth agoreant h eorem
parallel lines and linear systems with no solution
Key Explanation: The sides of a square are

Key Explanation: To have no solutions means
equal. Therefore, if the sides ares , then the
that the lines are parallel and have the same slope.
diagona l will be , which can be proven
3
using the Pythago rean theorem a' + b' = c'-. Since The slope of the first linea r equation is
2. Since p
= th ens= 16. The pe rime ter of a
represents the slope of the second equation, then
square can be found by 4s which is 4( 16) = 64.
3
p=
2 which makes both lines parallel.
Skill/Know ledge: Linear functions I Testing 8. Level: Hard I Domain: ADVANCED MATH
point: Matching a linear equation to its grap h Skill/Knowledge: Nonlinear functions I Testing
point: Using exponential growth equation
Key Explanation: Choice C is correct. Rewrite the
given equation into slope - intercept form of Key Exp lanation: Choice C is correct The
y = mx + b where m is the slope of the line and b is original equation requires tin years. Since a year
they - intercept.
has 12 months , th en m = t . This can be best
Subtracting 12x from both sides of th e equation 12
yields 4y = - 12x + 8. represented by the model in C.
Dividing both sides of th e equation by 4 yields
y= - 3x+ 2. Thus , theslopeoftheline is - 3 and Distractor Explanations: Choices A, B. and D are
a y - intercepl of 2. Since the slope is negative , the incorrect and may result from a conceptual e rror.
grap h goes down from left to right. Hence, the

answer can only be c,hoke C or D . To determine 9. Level: Medium I Doma in: ADVANCED MATH
the correct answer between the two choices . solve Skill/Knowledge: Equivalent expressions
for the x- intercept by substituting Otoy in the

I
Testing point : Rewriting the equation and solving Distractor Explanations: Choice A is incorrect .
for the variable This is the value of y. Choices C and D are
incorrect and may result due to a calculation or
Key Exp lanat ion: Choke A is correct . Solve conceptual error.
for A by isolating it and then simplifying the
7
equation. Subtracting - - from both sides of 11. Level: Hard I Domain: ADVANCED MATH
x-3
. . -2x'+5x+IO 7
the equation y,elds ----- A variableand systems of equations in two variables
x-3 x-3
Testing point: Using the discriminant to find the
-2x' +Sx + 3
or ----- A . Factoringthe numerator number of solutions to a quadraticequation.
x-3
on the left side of the equation yields
Key Explanation; For a quadraticequation to
(-2x-l)(x-3) have two distinct solutions, the discriminant
A . Canceling out (x - 3) yields
x-3
b2 - 4ac must be positive. In the given equation,
- 2x - l =AorA= - 2x - 1.
a= 4, b = - 12, and c = k.
Substituting the values of a, band c to get the
Distrac .tor Explanations: Choice 8 is incorrect
discriminant yields (- 12)' - 4(4)(k) or 144 - 16k.
and may result due to calculation errors. Choice C
Since the discriminant must be positive) it must be
is incorrect and may result from solving the value
greaterthan zero which is representedby
of - A. Choice Dis incorrect. This would be the
144 - 16k > 0.
difference between - 2x' + 5x + IO and x - 3.
Adding 16k to both sides of the inequality yields
144 > 16k.
I 0. Level: Easy I Domain: ALGEBRA Dividing 16 from both sides of the inequality
Skill/Knowledge: Systems of two linear equations yields 9 > k or k < 9.
in two variables I Testing point: Solving the The next integer number lower than 9 is 8.
system of linear equations Therefore, the correct answer is 8.
Key Exp lana tion: Choke B is correct . Solve

the system of equations by solving for y in the 12. Level: Easy I Domain: ALGEBRA
first equation and substituting it to the second Skill/Knowledge; Linearequations in one variable
equation. Testing point: Finding the solutions to a linear
Dividing both sides of the first equation by - 5 equation
yields - ix= y. Key Explanation: Choic,e A is correct. Using the

5
distributive property to simplify the equation
Substitutingy to the second equation yields
yields3x+ l8+x=4x+Sor4x+ 18=4x+5.
3 9 Subtracting 4x from both sides of the equation
2x+ 3(- -x) = - 1 or 2x - -x= - 1.
5 5
yields 18 = 5 or 13 = 0 which is a false statement.
Combining like terms yields ! x = - 1. This implies that there is no solution.
Multiplying 5 to both sides o(the equation yields
X= - 5.
I
Distractor Exp lanati ons: Choke B is incorrect. Substituting the value of the central angle L PSR
For a linear equation to have one solution, the yields 80° + L PQR = 180°.
value of the variable can be solved. Subtracting 80° from both sides of the equation
Choice C is incorrect. Linear systems do not have yields L PQR = l00°.
2 solutions. Converting the value of L PQR to radians yields
Choice D is incorrect. For a linear system to have ;r 5 5
l00 °x -- = - ,r. Since L PQR =an, then a=-.
infinite solutions) the simplified equation must be 180° 9 9
a true statement.
Distractor Explanations: Choices A, B. and D
13. Level: Hard I Domain: ADVANCED MATH calculation error.
Skill/Know ledge: Equivalent expressions
Testing point: Adding rational expressions with
fractions
TRIGONOMETRY
Skill/ Knowledge: Circles I Testing point: Finding
Key Explanatio n: Choice A is correct
the area of a circle given its circumference
Simplify the denominator first.
1 1 x+2 + x-2 2x Key Explanation: The circumference of a circle is
This yields -- + -- =----
2
x-2 x+2 x -4 x 2 -4 found by the formula rrD where D is the diameter
Simplifying the whole fraction yields of the circle. Since the circumference is 1211 then
X
2
-4 D = 12. The radius is therefore 6, and the are,i of
the circle is ,rr =,r(6)' = 36,r.
Distractor Exp lanati ons: Choice B is incorrect 16. Level: Easy I Domain: ADVANCED MATH
and may result from an error in adding the Skill/ Knowledge: Equivalent expressions
contents in the denominator x. Choice C Testing point: Converting from exponents to
is incorrect because it is only the simplified radicals
denominator, not the whole fraction. Choice D is
incorrect and may result from miscalculation or Key Explanati on: Choice D is correct. Expressing
I I
conceptual errors.
the radic"1 as exponent yields 3pi pi. Since
the same variablesare being multiplied, their
14. Level: Hard I Domain: GEOMETRY AND exponents will be added .
TRIGONOMETRY I 1 5
Hence - + - = - .
Skill/Know ledge: Circles ' 3 2 6
Testing point: Using circle theorems and
'
The expression now becomes 3p'. Converting the
converting degrees to radians
exponent back to radical yields 3ifj1.
Key Explanatio n: Choice C is correct. The

measure of a circumscribed angle and its
corresponding central angle are supplementary.
Hence, L PSR + L PQR = 180°.

I
Distrac .tor Explanations: Choices A) B) and C 19. Level: Easy I Domain: ADVANCED MATH
are incorrect and may result from a conceptual or Skill/Knowledge: Equivalent expressions
calculation error. Testing point: Matching coefficients
Key Explanation: Using the distributive property ,

the left side of the equation becomes I Sx'y + 6xy +
TRIGONOMETRY
6xy - 2y. Combining like terms yjelds 15x'y + l2xy
Skill/Knowledge: Area and volume I Testing
- 2y = nx'y + bxy + cy. Matching the coefficients
point: Finding the volume of a cylinder
yjelds n = 15, b = 12, and c = - 2. Therefore , bis
equal to 12.
Key Exp lanati on: Choice B is correct . The
volume of a cylinder is found using the formula
V =nr'h where r is the radius and /J is the height. 20. Level: Easy I Domain: ADVANCED MATH
Substituting the given radius and height to the Skill/Knowledge: Nonlinear equations in one
formula yjelds V = n9'6 =486n. variable and systems of equations in two variables
Testing point: Finding the number of solutions of
Distrac .tor Explanations: Choice A is incorrect an absolute value equation
and may result from solving the surface area of
the cylinder. Choice C is incorrect and may result Key Explanation: Choic.e C is correct . Isolating
from solving the area of one base of the cylinder. the absolute value and simplifying the equation
Choice D is incorrect and may result from solving 8
yjelds Ix+ 41= - or Ix+ 41 =4. Since the
the lateral area of the cylinder. -2
absolute value is being compared with a positive
number, it has two solutions.
Skill/Knowledge: Linear equations in two
variables I Testing point : Working with parallel
For an absolute value to have O or no solution)
lines and their equations
the absolute value should be less than or equal
to a negative number. Choice B is incorrect. For
Key Exp lana tion: Choke A is correct . For
an absolute value to have 1 solution, it should
lines to be parallel. they must have proportional
be equal to zero. Choice D is incorrect. For an
coefficients of x and y. To make the coefficients of
absolute value to have infinite sol utions , it should
x to be the same, multipl y the first equation by - 2.
be greater than a negative number.
This yjelds - 2(3x + Sy= 6) or - 6x - 10y = - 12.
Matching the coefficients of yin - 6x - I0y = - 12
and - 6x + py = 18 yields p =- 10. 21. Level: Easy I Domain: ADVANCED MATH
Distrac .tor Explanations: Choices B and D are variable and systems of equations in two variables
incorrect and may result from a conceptual or Testing point: Using exponent rules and FOi Ling
calculation error. Choice C is incorrect. It is the method to find value of quadratic expression
negative of option A.
I
Key Explanation: Choice B is correct Expanding
the expression (x + y)' yields x' + 2xy + y'.
Since x1 + y2 = 45. the expression becomes
45 + 2xy.
Since xy =5, the expression becomes 45 +2(5) or
55.
Therefo re, (x + y)' =55.
Distractor Explanations:Choke A is incorrect

x?+y2
and may result from solving the value of .
xy
Choke C is incor rect and may result from solving
the value of2(x + y)'.
Choice D is incorrect and may result from solving
the value of (x - y)'.
22. Level: Easy I Domain: PROB LEM-SOLVING

AND DATA ANALYTICS
Skills/ Knowledge: Inference from samp le
statistics and margin of error I Testing Point:
Inferring from a sample to a population
Key Explanation: Choice C is correct. From

the data surveyed, 1,200 - 950 =250 residents
own a different type of pet. We can infer that
250 x62, 500 = 13,020 res1.d ents 1n

-- . t h e tovm own a
1,200
different type of pet.
Distractor Exp lanations: Choke A is incorrect.

This option is the total number of residents
in the town. Choice B is incorrect. This is the
approximate number of residents in the town that
own either a dog or a cat Choice D is inco rrect.
This is th e difference between the number of
residents in the survey th at owned a cat or a dog
and the total number of residents in the town
(62,500 - 950) .
PracticeTestsfor the DigitalSAT 3 16

Chapter 6
Practice Test 5
You are about to begin a full-length Practice Test. The test has four modu les. The time allotted for
each module is marked at the beginning of the module. Work on one module at a time. Use a timer to

Out of 27 27 22 22
My Score
Time Taken

Module
1

question includes one or more passages, which may include a tab le or graph . Read each
the passage(s). All questions in this section are multiple-<hoice with four answer choices.
Each question has a sing le best answer .
- The idea of a credit card was first proposed in

1887 by Edward Bellam y in a novel titled Looking
Backward. Different institutions offered cards for
- The following text is adapted from Jane Austen's
1811 novel, Sense and Sensibility .
limited purposes alter that, but the first modern Mr. John Dashwood told his mother again
credit card with revolving payment s was __ in and again how exceedingly sorry he was that
1958 by Bank of America in Fresno, California. she had taken a house at such a distance from
Norland as to prevent his being of any service
Which choice completes the text with the most to her in removing her furniture. He really
logical and precise word or phrase? felt conscie ntiou sly vexed on the occasion; for
the very exertion to which he had limited the
A) dispatched performance of his promi se to his father was
by this arrangement rendered impractical.
B) issued
Instead , the furniture was all se nt around by
C) consigned water.
D) allocated
As used in the text, what does the word
"'removing " most nearly mean?
A) transferring
B) detaching
C) dismissing
D) separating

Module
1
- Caravaggio was an Italian painter active around

..The parents of the first female self- made
1600. His style was very distinct and enchanting, millionaire, Madam J. Walker, were slaves, but
combining realism and high lighting contrasts she made a fortune selling cosmetics and hair
in a way that added drama and intensity to the care products. Throughout her life, she supported
scenes portrayed . His peculiaruse of shadow was Black organizations and artists. Her philanthropy
a prime influence on the work of later generations continued after her death, as two - thirds of her
of Baroque artists who also explored artistic legacy was set aside to __ charities.
extremes.
As used in the text, what does the word "peculiar " logical and precise word or phrase?
most nearly mean?
A) enforce
A) singular
B) concede
B) abnormal
C) endow
C) indisposed
D) accord
D) discernible

Module
1
- The following text is adapted from Alexandre

Dumas's 1849 novel, TI,e 11rree Musketeers.
- The following text is from Leo Tolstoy's 1873
novel, "Anna Karenina."
It was, then, into the midst of this tumult and Levin had meant to tell his brother of his
disorder that our young man advanced with determination to get married, and to ask his
a beating heart , ranging his long rapier up advice; he had indeed firmly resolved to do
his lanky leg, and keeping one hand on the so. But after seeing his brother , listening to
edge of his cap, with that half- smile of the his conversation with the professor. hearing
embarrassedprovincialwho wishes to put on afterwards the unconsciously patronizing tone
a good face. When he had passed one group io which bis brotherquestionedhim about
he began to breathe more freely: but he could agricultural matters . Levin felt that he could
not heh;, observing that thev turned round to not for some reason begin to talk to him of his
look at him, and for the first time in his life intention of marrying. He felt that his brother
D~tagnan, who had till that day entertained would not look at it as he would have wished
a very good opinion of himself, felt ridiculous. him to.
What is the main purpose of the underlined Which choice best states the function of the
portion in the overall structure of the text? underlined sentence in the text as a whole?
A) It warns the reader of a coming conflict A) It explains the purpose of the conversation
with the professor.
B) It indicates a temporal change in the passage.
B) It adds to the sense of inferiority which causes
C) It describes the appearance of a scene .
Levin to change his mind
D) It stresses the emotional state of a character.
C) It elaborates on an obstacle preventing Levin
from getting married
D) It introduces a problem that Levin and his
brother frequently disagreed about.

Module
1
- Text 1
On August 5, 2013, a live television broadcast
- Text 1
Prior to 1972, polar bear populations were
from London showed two food critics tasting severely reduced by hunters and trappers. causing
a hamburger patty cooked by chef Richard concern about the survival of the majestic apex
Geown. The importance of this event was that the species . However, an international agreement
hamburger was the first public tasting of cultured regulating commercial hunting enacted in 1973
meat, meaning meat that was raised from cells in changed odds against the hearty animals . Now,
a laboratory. This sample took two years and cost the total number of polar bears has rebounded to
5300,000 to produce. but its creator, Mark Post, healthy levels that demonstrate that the species is
is sure there is potential for such foods in the no longer in imminent danger of extinction .
market.
Text2
Text2 Sea ice is essential for all parts of the polar
Cultured meat is regarded with skepticism in bear lifecycle- and it is melting at a faster rate
many circles . Will people readily consume animal than ever before due to climate change. It is
meat raised in a laboratory? No animals are important to note that as of 2019, although two
slaughtered, but the concept is still repulsive to of the nineteen known populations increased in
many. Even so, many companies are jumping on numbers , four had declined and there was not
the bandwagon to produce different meats , and enough data on eight.
the first sales occurred in December 2020, when
a Singapore restaurant included cultured meat in Based on the texts, after his experiments, how
its offerings. would the author of Text 2 most likely describe
the view of the author of Text 1?
Which choice best describes the relationship
between the texts? A) Limited . because it only addresses one aspect
of the threats against polar bears .
A) Text 1 describes the introduction of a product ,
B) Inspiring. because it provides evidence that
and Text 2 explains later developments.
polar bear populations are increasing.
B) Text 1 describes the positive reception of a
C) Erroneous , because it inaccurately reported
product , and Text 2 brings up reservations.
the total number of polar bears.
C) Both texts refer to the difficulty in creating a
D) Worrisome, because it hints that efforts
new product .
to protect polar bears are only partially
D) Both texts discuss the public's reaction to a successful
new product .

Module
1
- A very rare meteorological event is called

thundersnow.This uncommon event occurs
when there are strong updrafts in cold weather.
- This passage is adapted from Mark Twain's 1903
story, "The S30,000 Bequest •
The mechanics are basically the same as those Saladin's wife, Electra, was a capable helpmeet,
which cause thunderstorms, but the results are although - like himself- a dre,imer of dreams and
lightning and thunder with falling snow or hail a private dabbler in romance . The first thing she
instead of rain. Thundersnow clouds tend to be did after her marriagewas buy an acre of ground
lower than thunderstorm clouds, and the effect is on the edge of the town, and pay cash for it-
most common over large bodies of water like the twenty - five dollars , all her fortune. 5"1adin had
Great Lakes in the Northwestern United States less, by fifteen. She instituted a vegetable garden
and Utah's Gre,it Salt Lake, though they can occur there) and got it farmed on shares by the nearest
elsewhere. Often the sounds of the thunder are neighbor . Out of Saladin's first year's wage she
muted due to the presence of snow. put thirty dollars in the savings - bank , sixty out
of his second, a hundred out of his third . By the
What is the main purpose of the text? time two children had arrived , she banked two
hundred a year from the salary. When she had
A) It explains an unusual phenomenon. been married seven years, she built a pretty and
comfortable house in the midst of her garden -
B) It identifies locations to see a phenomenon.
acre and moved her family in.
C) It describes why a phenomenon occurs.
What is the main idea ofthe text?
D) It outlines a scientific dilemma.
A) Electra was more capable at finances than her

husband was.
B) Electra and Saladin were too romantic to be
practical.
C) Saladin was taking advantage of Electra's
money.
D) Electra has excellent thrift and planning

ability.

Module
1
Ill 1B
John Milton is one of the most famous poets Training working dogs is a complicated process.
from the 1600s. Though his writing is sometimes Typical pets need to follow commands given
archaic to modern readers , the sentiments still by the owners. However , working dogs are also
ring close to the heart. For instance , he claims at expected to use selectivedisobediem:e. This term
the preface of his 1637 poem •~• that "the refers to a situation when the dog is given a direct
Author bewails a learned Friend'': command by the owner which may le.ad to injury
to either the owner or the dog. In such a case,
Which quotation from "Lycidas" most effectively the dog must use its own judgment and disobey
illustrates the claim? rather than blindly following the command that
the owner gave it
A) "YET once more , 0 ye Laurels , and once more
I Ye Myrtles brown ) with Ivy never - sear,/ I \<Vhichsituation is the best ex.ample of selective
com to pluck your Berries harsh and crude," disobedience as defined in the text?
B) "For we were nurst upon the self- same hill,

A) A dog that herds cows rests in the shade of a
/ Fed the same flock by fountain, shade, and
rm.· tree on a hot day while the cows are grazingt
even though the owner asked the dog to stand
C) "But O the heavy change, now thou art gon, / by the cows.
Now thou art gon, and never must return! "
B) A guide dog for the blind refuses to lead
D) "Fame is the spur that the dear spirit doth the owner onto a street when a truck is
raise / (That last infirmity of Noble mind) (To approaching and the owner asks to cross.
scorn delights, and live laborious days~
C) A dog that is trained to rescue victims of
earthquakes is approaching a building that
may collapse and stops when the owner
signals that it is dangerous.
D) A dog trained to help a hearing - impaired

owner does not alert the owner when the
phone rings and the owner is napping on the
couch.

Module
1
Main Employers of Urban and Regional Planners in the United

States, 20 I 8
Local government 71%

Architectural , engineering , and related services 11
State government 9
Management) scientific) and technical consulting services 3

Federal government 2
Employment of urban and regional planners is projected to grow 11 percent from 2018 to
2028, much faster than the average for all occupations . Demographic , transportation) and
environmental changes will drive employment growth for planners. Within cities, urban
planners ·will be needed to develop revitalization projects and address issues associated
with population growth, environmental degradation, the movement of people and goods)
and resource scarcity . Planners wilJ also be needed as new and existing communities
require extensive development and improved infrastructure , including housing, roads ,
sewer systems, parks, and schools. However. federal, state, and local government budgets
may affect the employment of planners in government. because development projects are
contingent on available funds.
Based on the text , what can be reasonably inferred about the percentage of urban and
regional planners employed by the federal government in the table'
A) The percentage is extremely low because there is very little demand for urban
planning outside of large cities.
BJ The percentage does not reflect the actual number of planners employed by the
federal government compared to those employed in other sectors .
C) The percentage will remain approximately the same level bee.a.usefederal government
positions are very stable .
D) The percentage has the potential to decrease if the federal government receives fewer
tax dollars and revises its spending plans .

Module
1
Ill
The following text is adapted from Mary
Wollstonecraft Shelley's 1818 novel, Fra11ke11stei11;
-Clark and Mclachlan examined existing data
on pollen from red maple , birch , beech , ash ,
oak, hemlock and elm trees isolated from cores
Or. the Modern Prometheus.
of lake sediments in southern Ontario . "This
Y.le sat late. We could not tear ourselves away record covers about 10,000 years, so if we look at
from each other nor persuade ourselves to the relative abundance of different species over
say the word "Farewell! " It was said , and we that time , we can estimate long •tenn growth
retired under the pretence of seeking repose ) rates," said Clark. "What found is huge variability
each fancying that the other was deceived ; within populations . and this variability me.ans
but when at morning's dawn I descended to they overlap in ways that determine who's
the carriage which was to convey me away, going to win and who's going to lose. And that
they were all there - my father again to bless variability might itself represent a stabilizing
me, Clerval to press my hand once more , my mechanism ." Clark emphasized that the results
Elizabeth to renew her entreaties that I would from the studies offer cautionary lessons. "Our
write often and to bestow the last feminine findings suggest that forest biodiversity has been
attentions on her playmate and friend stabilized in some important ways, so extinction
of species should cause us gre.ater concern than if
Based on the text , what is most likely true about we believed that biodiversity was maintained in
the narrator? the past by continual replenishment of random
extinction by generation of new species."
A) The narrator is a woman who grew up with
Elizabeth . Based on the text, what is one implication of
Clark's study regarding the result of biodiversity
B) The narrator is leaving home for the first time .
stabilization?
C) The narrator was trying to avoid the end of
the journey. A) There is a smaller chance of ecosystems
D) The narrator will be absent for a long period. collapsing than previously theorized.
B) Extinction is a random event that is
compensated for by evolution of new species.
C) As time progresses , fewer new species will

evolve than did in the past.
D) An extinction could indicate a larger -scale

collapse of the region's equilibrium.
s.rom 325 CONTINUE
Module
1
Ill
Kinkaku - ji, also known as the Golden Pavilion, First performed in England in 1984, __ It is
is one of the most popular tourist sites in Kyoto most notable because all the cast sing and act
despite having been completely destroyed in a their parts on roller skates.
fire set by an arsonist in 1950; a replica was later
rebuilt on the same pattern as the original.
conforms to the conventions of Standard English? A) Richard Stilgoe and Andrew Lloyd Webber
wrote the lyrics and music, respectively, for
A) completely destroying the musical Stnrligl1tExpress.
B) it was destroyed completely B) Richard Stilgoe wrote the lyrics for Stnrligl1t
Expressand Andrew Lloyd Webber wrote the
C) to have been completely destroyed
music.
D) having been completely destroyed
C) Andrew Lloyd Webber wrote the music
and Richard Stilgoe wrote the lyrics for the
musical Starlight Express.
D) Stnrligl1tExpress is a musical with lyrics by
Richard Stilgoe and music by Andrew Lloyd
Webber.
Many people think of the world's largest cats,

lions. and tigers. as living together in the same
region. In reality, the only country where they
coexist is India, and even there) the two species
prefer __ different habitats.
Which choice completes the text so that it A survey is a process of collecting a small but
conforms to the conventions of Standard English? representativesampling of responses on a given
topic and extrapolating that information to what
A) extreme a larger group might think about it, since many
__ fall into basic patterns when looked at as a
B) extremity
whole.
C) extremely
D) extremist
A) peoples' opinions
B) people's opinions
C) people's opinions'
D) peoples' opinions•

Module
1
Ill
The sousaphone - invented in 1893 by J.W Pepper In 1961, Jenny Johnson wrote the beloved poem
at the request of band leader John Philip __ "Warning ." which is now best known by its first
a brass instrument related to the tuba and often __ I am an old woman, I shall wear purple.
used in marching bands because it is easier to
carry and directs sound over the head of other vl'hich choice completes the text so that it
band members . conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
Which choice completes the text so that it A) line "when

B) line, "when
A) Sousa is C) line, those are "when
B) Sousa is- D) line, it is "when
C) Sousa, is
D) Sousa- is
Ill
-
Many researchers have identified a correlation
between the consumption of nuts and longevity.
__ it has yet to be established whether the
There has been scholarly debate about the nuts actually impact lifespan or whether people
exact definition of Aztec, but it loosely refers who already have healthier lifestyles tend to
to a culture that flourished in Mexico between include nuts in their diets.
approximately 1300 and 1521. The Aztec Empire
was formed in 1427 of three separate __ vl'hich choice completes the text with the most
Tlacopan. logical transition?
Which choice completes the text so that it A) Therefore ,

B) However,
A) city- states: Tenochtitlan) Texcoco. and) C) Indeed ,
B) city- states: Tenochtitlan; Texcoco;and D) Similarly,
C) city- states Tenochtitlan) Texcoco. and

D) city- states, Tenochtitlan) Texcoco. and

Module
1
Ill
The Egyptian leader known as King Tut died
around 1323 B.C. when he was only 18 or 19
years old. Archaeologists debate over the cause
of his de.ath, saying it could have been caused
by malaria, a hippopotamus attack.a chariot
race injury, or murder. __ the death was
unexpected: he was buried in a tomb that was
designed for another person.

logical transition?
A) Therefore,
B) As a result ,
C) Alternatively,
D) In any event,
- After Christopher Columbus's ships were

stranded in Jamaica, the indigenous people
grew tired of providing food and Columbus was
worried about the safety of his crew. __ he
used information from an almanac about an
upcoming lunar eclipse to intimidate the natives.

logical transition?
A) Nevertheless,
B) In other words,
C) Likewise,
D) Therefore,

Module
1
• B.F. Keith lived from 1846 to 1914 and owned and operated hundreds of vaudeville
the,iters around the United States.
• Keith did not approve of the common theatrical trend of vulgarity and insisted that
his performers offered decent acts ·with no swear words .
• The theaters were lavish and entertained spectators with their palace - like) elegant
ornamentation, as opposed to simple structures of older theaters.
• Ushers had authority to remove audience members who heckled the performers.
• Edwin Albee was Keith's invaluable partner and assumed control of the theaters after
Keith's death.
The student wants to emphasize what differentiated Keith's theaters from others at
the time. Which choice most effectively uses relevant information from the notes to
A) B.F. Keith (1846 - 1914) owned more theaters than others in the era and built ones that
were extremely ornamented .
B) Compared to other theaters in that period, B.F. Keith's theaters offered more polite
performances and the theaters themselves were very elaborate .
C) B.F. Keith ran vaudeville shows rather than other performances until his death in
1914, when Edwin Albee took over his hundreds of elegant theaters .
D) B.F. Keith disapproved of acts with swear words or audiences that heckled performers ,
so prohibited those in his gorgeously ornamented theaters.

Module
1
- While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes:
• There are about 2- 4 partial lunar eclipses a year, and they are visible from about half
ofthe Earth.
• Lunar eclipses occur when the Earth is between the Sun and Moon. and therefore
casts a shadow across the Moon's surface .
• A blood moon occurs only during a total lunar eclipse and may last up to two hours .
• A total lunar eclipse begins with an increasingly smaller white crescent as more and
more light from the Sun is blocked and ends with the reverse, a crescent that grows
larger .
• The blood moon occurs only when the entire moon is in shadow.
• The sunrise or sunset that is visible at the edge of the Earth gives the blood moon its
red color.
The student wants to explain what a blood moon is to an audience that knows about
lunar eclipses. Which choice most effectively uses relevant information from the notes to
A) A lunar eclipse is when the shadow of the Earth crosses the Moon, starting with a
white crescent , turning into a blood moon , and ending with another crescent.
B) A full lunar eclipse has a phase called the blood moon , which is when the entire
Moon is in shadow and the light from around the edges of the Earth color the Moon
red
C) Lunar eclipses happen 2- 4 times a year when the Earth passes between the Sun and
the Moon, but a total lunar eclipse is called a blood moon .
D) Blood moons occur during a total lunar eclipse when the Earth blocks all but the red
light from the Sun, which shines through to color the moon.

Module
2

- Though her invention was originally mocked

as foolish, Marion DonO\ran __ childcare
by inventing the disposable diaper, freeing
- In the experiment, the date of appearance of the
first flowers was noted for each treatment of salt
that stressed the plant ; thus , the number of days
housewives from hours of labor. In the past . it took for each plant to make its first flower from
women had to not only clean the diaper but also the start of the stress 3J?J?licationwas cove red.
furniture and clothes when the doth padding Fruit ripening , number, size, and fresh mass were
leaked The disposable diaper's absorbent padding also evaluated .
and dose - fitting cove r completely changed how
babies could be raised. As used in the text, what does the word
"application'' most nearly mean?
logical and precise word or phrase? A) significance
B) diligence
A) rebuil t
C) request
B) reorganized
D) execution
C) recla ssified
D) revolutionized

Module
2
- James Abbot McNeill Whistler's famous 1871

..The popular 1943 film LassieCome Home was
painting known as Whistler'sMother has been based on a book written in 1940 by Eric Knight
considered one of the classics of American art about a female dog named Lassie who had a
Originally titled Arrangement in Grey and Black deep emotional connection ·with the boy who
# J, the strong composition of Anna Whistler owned her. The fictional dog was supposedlyfirst
exemplifies the artist's__ at manipulating introduced in an earlier short story that Knight
subtle colors . wrote. However, in 1859, Elizabeth Gaskell
published "The Half Brothers," a similar short
Which choice completes the text with the most story featuring a dog named Lassie that saved two
logical and precise word or phrase? boys lost in a snowstorm.
A) susceptibility Vihat is the main purpose of the underlined

B) adroitness
C) engagement A) It casts doubt on the veracity of a claim.

D) diversion B) It questions the similarity behveen two stories.
C) It emphasizes that a character was fictional .
D) It highlights the popularity of an earlier work.

Module
2
- Spike Lee is a movie director known for his

nuanceddepictionsof Black characters,but in
the past, movies were far less sensitive about the
- Mas Subramanian) a solid - state materials
scientist, was trying to create a magnetic
substance that could be used in computer
multiple facets of people of color. The first Black hard drives. One of his creations was not at all
man who starred in a major motion picture magnetic , but instead was a bright shade of blue.
was Sam Lucas, who played a role in the 1914 Subramanian realized that every cloud has a silver
production of Uncle Toms Cabin. Prior to that lining and started to find ways to market the new
time, Black characters were played by White pigment. As opposed to most other sources of
actors in face paint. Throughout the following blue. his material was stable and non - toxic.
years, Black actors received roles, but primarily as
maids , servants, or jungle savages, until the late What is the main purpose of the phrase "every
19th century, when daring directors pushed the cloud has a silver lining "?
stereotyped boundaries .
A) To provide a metaphor showing that the
What is the primary function of the underlined material was gaseous like a cloud
B) To indicate that Subramanian realized that the
seeming failure had benefits
A) It hints that a common stereotype is flawed
C) To establish that the pigment could be used to
B) It offers an example to use as a comparison.
make silver as well as blue
C) It introduces the person who pioneered a
D) To show that the material could be rendered
change .
magnetic by adding other substances
D) It brings up a problem that took time to
resolve .

Module
2
- Text 1 is adapted from Charles Stearnss 1849 treatise , "The Way to Abolish Slavery:•
Text 2 is adapted from Catharine Beecher's 1837 letter, "Slavery and Abolitionism, with
Reference to the Duty of American Females."
Text 1:
The Government of the United States creates no Slaves; it only recognises as lawful the
Slavery existing in the several States, or to use the words of the Constitution, "held to
service or labor, under the laws thereof. " The laws of the several slave - holding States are
made the standard for the general government's action upon this subject No quibble can
possibly evade this. for it is not necessary to prove that a runaway Slave justly owes service
to his master, but only if he does, under the laws of his master. ½'hat then is necessary to
be done to remove this prop from under the colossal statue of Slavery? Plainly. to repeal
all laws recognising its existence.
Text 2:
Now what is it that makes a man cease to be a slave and become free? It is not kind
treatment from a master ; it is not paying wages to the slave. It always signifies that legal
act) which, by the laws of the land) changes a slave to a freeman. No exception can be
made for those who live in States where the act of emancipation ) by a master , makes a
slave the property of the State, to be sold for the benefit of the State .
Which choice best describes how Steams (Text I) would most likely react to Beecher's
(Text 2) assertion that some slaves are not freed because they live in states that consider
emancipated slaves the property of the state?
A) Stearns would argue that such a case is only possible with adequate paperwork.
B) Stearns would argue that is one more reason that all slavery laws should be
eliminated.
C) Stearns would argue that slavery is an integral part of the U.S. Constitution .
D) Stearns would argue that if such slaves left the state, they would then be free.

Module
2
- Coywolves first appeared in the early part of

the 20th century near Canada's Algonquin
Provincial Park . They are hybrids between wolves
-
Jessica Nabongo is the first black woman known
to have visited all 195 countries in the world;
she has been to 10 different territories as well
and western coyotes; some studies have also The last country on her list was the Seychelles,
identified genetic material from domestic dogs which she visited in 2019. During her travels,
in coywolves . They are extremely adaptable to a she was appalled by the poverty and at the way
wide variety of habitats and are now flourishing in poor countries supported the burden of the
different are.as. Biologists estimate that there may world's waste . Now Nabongo . who is Ugandan -
be over one million coywolves dispersed across Arnerican , is an advocate for ethical and
Eastern North America from Canada to Virginia . sustainable travel. and has written a book about
In general, the coywolf has a larger body, longer her adventures called 11,e Catch Me If You Ca11.
legs, shorter ears , and a larger, stronger jaw than a
regular coyote. According to the text . what is true about Jessica
Nabongo'
Based on the text . what is true about coywolves?
A) She was born in Uganda and moved to
A) They are more common in Canada than other America.
places.
B) She is the author of a book about traveling
B) They are more closely related to coyotes than around the world.
wolves.
C) She visited 195 countries before visiting 10
C) They were hybridized by Canadian people in territories.
the early 20th century.
D) She felt that the Seychelles had too much
D) They may be found in different environmental poverty .
conditions.

Module
2
llll Ill
The automobile company Volkswagen proposed Argentina's Iguazu National Park contains one
an advertising campaign called The Fun Theory of the most spectacular waterfalls in the world .
under the assumption that the best way to change \•Vater drops in multiple cascades up to 80 meters
people's behaviors was by adding an element of high . forming a crescent about 2.700 meters in
fun . To test the theory . researchers measured diameter. Named a national park in 1934 and a
the number of passengers in a Swedish subway UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1984, the park
station who were willing to walk on stairs that is considered a world treasure for more than its
made piano sounds for every step as opposed beauty: __
to a regular escalator next to it. Measuring use
before and after converting the staircase . results \<Vhich quotation most effectively illustrates the
indicated a 66% increase. claim?
Which choice best states the main idea of the A) its conservation has a generous budget and is
text? conducted by rangers and other professionals.
B) it is located on a basaltic line that forms the

A) Volkswagen has created an effective new
border between Argentina and Brazil.
advertising strategy .
C) the spray from the falls creates a unique
B) People are willing to change behaviors when
microdimate with over 2)000 species of
fun is used as an incentive .
plants.
C) More people prefer taking stairs to using an
D) most of the region has been severely altered
escalator.
due to logging and agriculture.
D) Staircases should be converted so that they
sound like a piano.

Module
2
Ill
Total Increasein Iron Content in Cells
=f 3.5
4
-
Q.
0
E
.. 3
2.5
2
-
-
0 1.5
E
.s 0.5
I --
C
_g 0 -
Control no HEPHLI
( Total Increasein Iron content in cells I
Figures adapted from "Biallelic HEPHLl variants impair ferroxidase activity and cause an
abnormal hair phenotype • by Prashant Sharma et al., PLOS Genetics , 2019.
HEPHLI belongs to a family of proteins known as Multi - Copper Oxidases (MCOs) that
catalyze the oxidation of iron so that it can bind to a circulating protein called transferrin
which distributes the iron throug hout the body. One unique property ofMCOs is the
presence of three copper - binding sites that can house six copper atoms . To help us
explore the physiological conseq uences of the loss ofHEP HLI activity more thoroughly,
we used a gene- targeting approach to make mice with a disrupted HephlI gene.
Interestingly, all mice that had a comp lete deletion of both copies of their Heph/1 gene
had sho rt, curled whiskers throughout their life. We found that the iron uptake increase
between the cells of the mouse with no HEPHLI and the cells of the control mouse was
significant: __ .
Which choice most effectively uses data from the table to complete the statement?
A) about I.I nmole s/mg of protein

B) at almost 2.1 nmoles /mg of protein
C) nearly 2.7 nmoles /mg of protein
D) around 3.8 nmoles /mg of protein

Module
2
Ill
Percentage Increase in Tourism (2015-2016)
4---------------
3.5 -l"'l- ------------
3
2.5
2
1.5
I
0.5
o ~~-
Percentage Increase in tourism (2015-2016)
Data for figures is adapted from African Development Bank Group, 2016
Every African country, urban center, or rural village could be, in fact. its o·wn unique
tourism magnet. The tourism business, though, is broader than just the sites themselves.
Considerations need to be made for transportation. hotels and guest accommodations,
and services that link the various components of a trip, such as guide services in
national parks or city bus tours. The attractiveness and competitiveness of each tourism
destination will depend on the site's quality and accessibility.
Which of the following claims about tourism is best supported by the text and data from
the graph'
A) Almost 50% of the visitors who traveled to Africa in 2016 went to Nigeria.
B) Sierra l.rone probably invested more in the infrastructure of tourism by 2016 than
Togo did.
C) Burundi had over 40% more visitors than Eritrea or Togo in 2016.
D) Eritrea had a greater number of tourists who visited in 2016 than Madagascar did in
the same year.

Module
2
Ill
The following text is adapted from Jack London's
I 903 novel, 7/,e Call of the Wild.
-
In a powerful 2020 book, Moroccan - American
writer Laila La.Jamiargues the case for citizens
that are __ , meaning people who the
Buck did not read the newspapers. or he government accepts as members of the society on
would have known that trouble was brewing. one hand, but refuses to grant complete rights to
not alone for himself, but for every tide- water on the other.
dog, strong of muscle and with warm) long
hair, from Puget Sound to San Diego. Because Which choice completes the text so that it
men, groping in the Arctic darkness, had conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
found a yellow metal, and because steamship
and transportation companies were booming A) conditions
the find, thousands of men were rushing into
B) conditional
the Northland These men wanted dogs, and
the dogs they wanted were heavy dogs. with C) conditionally
strong muscles by which to toil, and furry D) conditioner
coats to protect them from the frost
Based on the text, what is implied about Buck'
A) He is aboard a steamship headed north .

B) He found gold in the northland
C) He owns a dog that is needed in the north.
D) He is a strong dog able to tolerate cold.

-
Built between 1960 and 1970 in Egypt, the Aswan
Dam, now known as the Aswan High Dam, was
erected across the Nile River to control flooding,
increase water storage) and __

A) generate hydroelectricity .
B) it generates hydroelectricity.
C) hydroelectricity is also generated
D) to generate hydroelectricity.

Module
2
.. The Audubon Society was named for one of the

Ill
Popular since the 1700s, shichimi (Japanese for
most eminent early American ornithologists, "seven spices") is the name of a spice compound
John James Audubon. Though Audubon himself made, as the name suggests. from seven spices,
made drawings of dead birds, members of the though the exact composition varies.
society __ to the conservation of birds and
their habitats . Which choice completes the text so that it
conforms to the conventions of Standard English' A) shkhimi (Japanese for "seven spices")
B) shichimi, (Japanese for "seven spices")

A) is dedicated
CJ shkhimi (Japanese for "seven spices"),
B) are dedicated
DJ shkhimi, (Japanesefor "seven spices"').
C) dedicating
D) has been dedicated
Ell
Dinosaurs lived on Earth for about 165 years until
Ill the Cretaceous Period. so many of the familiar
Almost all of the paintings by the Italian Baroque __ were actually separated by long periods of
painter Artemisia Gentileschi feature naturalistic time.
women as the focus. Artemisia herself broke the
standard model for women at the time. earning Which choice completes the text so that it
a living as a professionalartist. Therefore, it is not conforms to the conventions of Standard English?
surprising that her subjects are also courageous,
rebellious, and __ . A) species like stegosaurs and tyrannosaurs
B) species, like stegosaurs and tyrannosaurs
conforms to the conventions of Standard English' C) species, like stegosaurs. and tyrannosaurs.
D) species like: stegosaurs and tyrannosaurs
A) powerful
B) they have power
C) possess power
D) are powerful

Module
2
Ill Ill
Saturn's moon Europa has an extremely smooth Seeing eye dogs require the most rigorous
surface which indicates that there may be a training of all forms of working dogs . __ they
water ocean beneath such an ocean could must learn to alert their handlers to potential
theoretically exist despite the extremely cold dangers that could hurt the owner but not
temperatures due to the gravitational pull of necessarily the dog, such as walking under a low
Saturn. branch.
Which choice completes the text so that it Which choice completes the text with the most
conforms to the conventions of Standard English? logical transition?
A) it A) Nevertheless,
B) it, B) Therefore,
C) it; C) Specifically,
D) it. And D) Similarly,
Ill Ill
The Frank Lloyd Wright building of the "Civil disobedience" is a term popularized in the
Guggenheim Museum is an architectural United States by Henry David Thoreau's essay
masterpiece best known for its Grand Ramp, a Civil Disobedience.That publication inspired
gentle spiral walkway that leads the visitor to Mahatma Gandhi in the 1920s to actively refuse
every floor in a stately manner. \o\'hatis little to obey the laws of India in a non- violent way.
known is that as the plans evolved over the __ Martin Luther King, Jr., used similar
sixteen years of __ was eliminated from the techniques to promote the Civil Rights Movement
design. in the United States in the I 960s.
Which choice completes the text so that it Which choice completes the text with the most
conforms to the conventions of Standard English? logical transition?
A) construction, a smaller, much steeper ramp A) In conclusion,
B) construction a smaller, much steeper ramp, B) Subsequently,
C) construction a smaller, much steeper, ramp C) For instance)
D) construction a smaller much steeper ramp D) Nonetheless,

Module
2
Cashews are popular nuts eaten as snacks around

the world, but are not sold in the shells, because
the shells contain caustic oil compounds that
trigger contact dermatitis. __ the shell creates
a rash on the skin.

logical transition?
A) In other words,
B) Likewise ,
C) Converse!)',
D) On the other hand ,

Module
2
• Heat islands are urban areas that are 1- 7 degrees Fahrenheit hotter than the
surrounding areas during the day.
• Nighttime temperatures may be 2- 5 degrees hotter
• Heat islands are caused by synthetic materials in buildings and roads that absorb and
emit more heat than naturalareas like plants or water
• The effect can be mitigated by planting trees
• Lightening the color of surfaces such as roofs can reduce the temperature differences .
• Heat islands do not directly increase global warming but can indirectly do so through
factors such as using more air conditioners.
The student wants to offer an audience that does not know what a heat island is some
practical solutions for reducing the effect. Which choice most effectively uses relevant
A) Heat islands do not increase global warming and their effect can be reduced by using
air conditioners.
B) Heat islands, which are urban areas hotter than their surroundings by up to 7 degrees .
are caused by using many synthetic materials in buildings and roads.
C) Heat islands are 1- 7 degrees Fahrenheit hotter during the day and 2- 5 degrees hotter
at night, but that effect can be reduced by planting trees.
D) Heat islands, urban areas that are hotter than the surroundings, can be lessened in
intensity by steps such as planting trees or painting roofs and other surfaces a lighter
color.

Module
2
- While researching a topic, a student has taken the following notes :
• Wildlife corridors are areas that are designed to link habitats together.
• The goal is to promote biodiversity and safe movement of species so populations can
intermingle and have a larger gene pool rather than become isolated
• Animals can use wildlife corridors to find food, water, and other resources .
• The concept is consistent with farming . forestry, and conservation efforts because
corridors can take different forms.
• Various options include "stepping stones" of native vegetation, bridges for animals to
cross roads , and removal of fences around private property .
The student wants to convince people in a farming community to create a wildlife

corridor to protect a native species of deer. Which choice most effectively uses relevant
A) We can protect the native deer using a wildlife corridor because it can link habitats for
the deer to find food and mates while still allowing farmers to do their jobs .
B) We can create a wildlife corridor for the native deer so they can thrive and contribute
to conservation efforts in the region .
C) Wildlife corridors are a good solution because they allow the native deer to move
around safely, intermingle, and find food, through a system of bridges , native
vegetation, and so on.
D) A wildlife corridor can take different forms and achieve the goal of preserving the
gene pool of the native deer species .
STOP

Module
1
Math
The questio ns in this sectio n add ress a number of importa nt math skills. Use of a calcu lator is permi tted
for all questio ns.
ifltllii
Unless otherwise indicated:•All variables and expressionsrepresent real numbers.• Figures provided
are d rawn to scale. • All figures lie in a plane. • The dom ain of a give n functio n is the set of all real
numbers x for which /{x) is a real number.
G
t
CJ w b~ ~ x s~
0
45°
b a x,{3 s
I
C = 2,rr
2
B "
V = t wh
V E:}, @
4 &
V =½1rr2h V=
3
I
t wh
w
The number of deg rees of arc in a circle is 360.

The number of radians of arc in a circle is 2rr.
PracticeTestsfor the DigitalSAT 3 48 CONTINUE

Mod ule
1


below .
answer.
more .
www.vibrantpublishers.rom 3 49 CONTINUE
Module
1
- Alley bought a piece of land for 547,890. It

increased in value every year by 2%. Which of the
following best describes the model of the price of
- If the length of a rectangle is 6cm less than its
width x, what is the length of the rectangle given
that its area is 27cm2?
the land every year after she bought it if t is the
number of years after she bought the land' A) 9
B) 21
A) 47,890(1.02)'
C) 6
B) 47,890 + 0.02'
D) 3
C) 47,890(0 .98)'
D) 47,890( 1.02)'
- If ax+ bx - b +a= Sx - 2, what is the value of

- Which of the following equations is equivalent to
7x+ l4 =7 '
a i - bi? A) 3x + 6 = 3
B) x - 2=1
A) 3
C) x=3
B) 5
D) 7x= 7
C) - 10
D) - 2
- If one of the solution to the quadratic equation

- How many possible integer values of x does the
inequality below have?
lx+31 <7
below is I + 2-.Jk, what is the value of k'
y=3x' - 6x - 21

Module
1
- The function p(x) is defined by p(x) i

={ r', - Data set A H .~~--- ~,~,
L,
what is the value of P( ½) ' Data set B

A) 2
1m11m11m1111111111111111111111m111m~m111u111111111111m11m11m111111111111111111111
B) 512 0 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
I
C) 2
'Nhich of the following is true about the two data
sets above?
D) 512
A) The mean of data set A is less than the mean
of data set B
B) Data set A has more values than data set B
- Which ofthe following is a factor of

J(.x)=6x' - 17x+ 10'
C) The median of data set A is greater than the
median of data set B
D) The median of data set B is greate r than the

median of data set A
A) 6x+ 5
B) x+ 5
C) x - 2
1111
D) x - 5
In the xy plane , the graph of the quadratic
function/is a parabola with the vertex (- 2, 5).
The function g(x) is defined when the function
J(.x) is translated 3 units to the left and I unit up.
If (h, k) is the vertex of g(x), what is the value of
h'

Module
1
Ill Ill
For how many points does the line of best fit A baker has the graph below which models its
predict a lower value than the actual point? daily expenditure for the month of August. Which
of the following expressions best describes the
equation of the function?
:t-.
,~O
'
'
- -200
'
'
- -! 50
'
'
- -!00
'
'
- -,;o
:= o •O ,o
--so
.'
A) 11
BJ 5
A) y =231 - 4.85x
CJ 6
B) y =231 + 0.85x
DJ 3
C) y = 4.85x - 231
D) y = 4.85x + 231
Ill
For all values of x > 0, which of the following is
equivalent to ( x +
A) x'+4x+4
Fi)'( - A school has 24 girls and 20 boys. If
5
of the
BJ x• + 4x' - 4 boys are on the track team and ! of the girls are
4
CJ 2x'+4 not on the track team , what percentage of the
DJ x' - 4x' + 4 students are on the track team? (round off to the
nearest whole number)

Module
1
Ill Ill
If (a, b) are solutions to the system of inequalities A survey was conducted in a school on the change
below, what is the minimum value of b? of uniforms . The conclusion of the survey was
that 53 students of the 97 students surveyed are
y > 2(x - 2) 2 - 2
in favor of the proposed change. If there are 2,300
y;, - I students in the school, approximately how many
students are not in favor of the change in school
A) 2 uniform?
B) - 2
A) 1.256
C) 0
B) 1,043
D) - I
C) 2,300
D) 1,093
Ill
Which of the following equations is equivalent to
2x' + 28x = - 98?
Ill
1. 2(x + 7) 2 =0 If the system below has no solution, what is the
value of p?
II. 2(x - 7)' =0
8
y=3x+5- - (x+3) andy=px+4
A) 3
B) All of them
A)
C) II I
B) 3
D) Neitherofthem
5
C) 3
.. 3y - 2x=6
D)
2
3
5y - 4x= 8
If the system of equations above has a solution
(x. y), what is the value of 2x + y'

Module
1
Ifthe system below has in.finitesolutions, what is

the value of k'
y = S(x - 2J + x + 3 and y = k(x - 2J + 2x + I
Ill
A square is inscribed in a circle. If the circle has a
radius of 12cm. what is the length of one side of
the square?
AJ 24
BJ 12
CJ
DJ 12}2
Ill
X 0 2 3
y 4 4 4 4
The table above represents the equation y =2k.

What is the value of k?
AJ 4
BJ 2
CJ 8
DJ

Module
2
Math
for all questions.
ifltllii
G
t
CJ w b~ ~x s~
0
45°
b a x,{3 s
I
C = 2,rr
2
B "
V = t wh
V E:}, @
4 &
V =½1rr2h V=
I
3
t wh
w


Module
2
below .
answer.
more .

Module
2
- Which of the following is a solution for the

equation below?
tan(90 - x)0 '
3x' - 19x+6=0
sinx
A)
A) - 6 cosx
BJ 2 cosx
B)
sinx
C) I
3 cos(90-x) 0
C)
sin(90- x)0
1
D)
3 D) - tanx
- In the equation of a circle given below, what

would be the value of its diameter?
- Alina started a savings account with $113. She
would earn a simple interest of 6.8% on her
x' - Bx+y'+ l0y=8 deposit monthly . The equation below represents
the total amount of money A(t) in her savings
A) 7 account int months . What does 7.684 represent
in this context?
BJ 14
A(t) = 113 + 7.6841
C) 16
D) 49 A) The amount of interest earned after t months

B) The total amount in the account after I
months
C) The amount of interest earned every month
- Iffix) =- 2x - 6, what is the value of 1/{2}1?

D) The interest earned every year.

Module
2
The given equation is part of a system of

equations. If the system has no solution, which of
the following could be the equation of the second
- Which of the following is the equation of the
graph below.?
line in the system?

6x - 3y= 2
·~
A) 2x - 3y=4 /'I
B) - 2x+ y=4
-2
C) -2x +y = -
3 . JO 0 JO
3
D) 3x- - y= l
2
- If p(x) = 2x' - 6x + 5, what is the value of p(2)?

A) y=2x' - 6x+5
B)
C)
y= 2x'+ 6x+ 5
y= - 2x' - 6x+5
D) y= - 2x'+6x+5
- Which of the following is the equation of a line

that passes through the origin and point (6, 5)' 1111
If a quadrilateral has the following interior angles
A) 5y=6x x°, (x + 40) 0 , (x + 50)0 , (x - 10)0 , what is the value
B) 6y= Sx ofx'
C) y= Sx+ 6
D) y=6x+5

Module
2
Ill Ill
If triangle ABO is a right triangle, what is the The volume of sphere A is 27 times that of sphere
value of sin CAD? B. If sphere B has a radius of 4cm, what is the
radius of sphere A?
A
A)
12
13
C D
- A weather forecast report predicted that there

is a 43% chance of rain on Monday. The report
also indicated that it is twice as likely to rain
B) -12 on Thursday than on Monday . What is the
5
probabilitythat it won't rain on Thursday?
5
C)
13
A) 0.43
5
D) B) 0.57
12
C) 0.14
D) 0.86
Ill
Which of the following expressions is equivalent
to 7wp(2w + 5)'
A) l4w'p + 35
- What is the least possible integer value of x for the
inequality below'
B) l4w'p + 35wp
-16' > 2'
C) 14w' + 35p 4'
D) 9w'p + 35pw A) 3
B) 4
C) 2
D) 0

Module
2
Ill 1111
Given that 3(ax - b) + 4(bx - a)= x - 6, what is Thirty students are required to pay a total of p
the value of a? dollars for a field trip. lf28 students paid before
the day of the trip, how much was already paid in
total'
A) 28p
14
Ill B)
ISP
What is the volume of a cone with a radius of
C) 30p
12cm and a height 6 more than its radius?
D) .L
A) 2,160,r 30
B) 864rr
C) 1,080,r
-
D) 960rr
If the equation of a circle with a center (- 3, 5) and

a radius of 6cm is written in the form
Ill ax' + bx+ cy' + dy + e =0, what is the value of e?
What is the slope of the equation of the line A) 9

below?
B) 36
4x - 3y=6
C) - 2
D) 25
m
If the circumferenceof a circle is 20n, what is
the value of the angle that is subtended by an arc
length of 3rr?

Module
2
Ill
Which of the choices below is a possible value of x
for the given linear inequality'
- 3(x + 2) < 2(x - 8)
A)
BJ 2
C) 0
D) 3
STOP

Answer Key

"'0 !l
-=.. !0 !l0
e
"
; "'0 !l
-..=
.,,= 'ij
0 ..
ri .,, u >- - .,,= 'ij
0 ..
Cl
!:
0
u
>- -
.. -t
:£ 8
!:
0
u
:,
Cl
0
u- ::... - 0
V Cl
!:
0
u
>- -
.. -t
:£ 8
I. B I. D I. A I. C
2. A 2. D 2. C 2. B
3. A 3. B 3. 2 3. 10
4. C 4. A 4. D 4. B
5. D 5. B 5. A 5. C
6. B 6. B 6. 13 6. B
7. A 7. B 7. A 7. I
8. A 8. D 8. C 8. B
9. A 9. B 9. C 9. D
JO. D IO. B 10. -5 10. 70
11. C II. C 11. C 11. A
12. B 12. A 12. D 12. B
13. D 13. B 13. A 13. 12
14. D 14. D 14. 41 14. C
I S. D 15. A 15. D 15. B
16. D 16. A 16. A 16. 3
I 7. D I 7. C 17. JO 17. B
18. B 18. A 18. B 18. A
19. D 19. B 19. B 19. 54
20. C 20. A 20. 4 20. B
21. D 21. B 21. D 21. C
22. B 22. A 22. B 22. D
23. B 23. D
24. B 24. A
25. B 25. C
26. D 26. B
27. D 27. A

I
I. Level: Medium I Skill/Know ledge: Words in possessions to a new location.
Context

Key Exp lanat ion: Choice B is the best answer .
STRUCTURE
The blank is a verb that shows what the Bank
of America did to the first modern c redit card .
Choice 8 refers to distribu ting something for use
Key Explanation: Choice A is the best answe r.
or sale , so aptly shows that the credit cards were
"'Peculiar" is used to desc ribe Caravaggio's style,
first given out to customers in 1958.
which is elsewhere desc ribed as "distinct " or
"'characte ristic " of his work. Choice A refers to
something uniqu e or one - of- a - kind, which fits
beca use it refers to sending something away
the context of art that was very notable and later
with a purpose , such as sending an order to an
adopted by a different schoo l of artists.
army. It does not refer to selling something or
making something available to many peop le.
Distractor Exp lanation: Choice B is inco rrec t
Choice C is incorrect because it refers to putting
bec.ause it has a negative connotation that implies
something into someone 's care. Choice D refers to
that the ·write r does not like it. whereas the writer
distributing the parts of a whole, such as allocating
refers to the work as "enchanting " or "fascinating; ·
funds.
indicating that th ere is a p ositive quality to it.
Choice C is incor rect bec.ause it relates to feeling
2. Level: Easy I Domain: CRAFT AND unwell or slig htly sick , a very different meaning of
STRUCTURE "'peculiar ." Choice D is incorrect because it refers
Skill/Knowledge: Words in Context to somethi n g which is possible to see. Although
Caravaggio's use of shadows was possible to
Key Exp lanat i on: Choice A is th e best answe r see, the a uthor is referring to a different. s pecial
beca use "'removing" is a verb that shows what Mr. quality that Baroq ue artists later used.
Dashwood cannot do to the furni ture. Choice
A refers to carrying objects from one p lace to
4. Leve l: Hard I Doma in: CRAFT AND
another . which fits the context of saying that Mr.
STRUCTURE
Dashwood cannot "be of service " or "hel p" his
mother move the furniture to a new house th at is
too far away.
"Endow " refers to formal ly giving money to
Distrac .tor Explanation: None of the other
someone or something, so fits the context of
choices fits th e context of explaining that Mr.
explaining that much of her "legacy " or "money
Dashwood cannot hel p take the furniture to
given to people in a will" went to charities .
a faraway place. Choices B and D refer to
disconnecting something , such as removing a
Distractor Exp lanation: No ne of the oth er
part that is fastened in some way. Choi ce C refers
ch oices adeq uate ly explain what happe ned
to ordering or sending something away. None
between the legacy and chari ties . Choice A refers
of th ese choices contain the idea of taking the
s.rom 365
I
to forcing someone to comply with laws or rules. so." Therefore, Levin felt "inferior '' or "too low" to
Choice B refers to surre ndering or yielding discuss an important topic.
something , but the charities were not surren dered
to anythi n g. Choke D is in correct beca use it Distractor Explanation; Choke A is incorrect
refers to giving power or recognition , not money. because the topic of the conversation ·with the
professor is not given ; the conversation about
agric ulture came "afterwards " or "late r," and was
presumab ly between Levin and his brother rather
ST RUCTURE
than the professor . Choke C is incorrect because
Skill/Knowledge: Text Struc t ure and Purpose
there is no indication th at the conversation
about agriculture was an "obstacle '' or "'barrier "
Key Explanation: Choi ce D is the best answer .
that prevented Levin from getting married ; the
The fact that D'.Artagnan notices th at people turn
details could have related to anything agricultural.
around to look stresses th at he is very nervous
instead, the conversation was conducted in a tone
about appearing like an "embarrassed provincial. "
which made him feel like he shou ld bring up the
He realized that they saw through his fro nt and
topic at a different time . Choice Dis incor rect
"felt ridicu lous." By mentioning th e fact that he
because there is no indication that Levin and his
saw th em , it is clear to the reader why his "very
brother "freq uently " or "often" disagreed about
good o pin ion of himself " changed.
agric ulture. In fact, they might not have disag reed
in this case, either. The brother just talked in a
Distractor Explanat ions: Choice A is inco rrect
"patronizing " or "belittling " way.
because there is no conflict in the text. Choice 8
is incorrect because a "tem poral change " is a shift
in time , but the time sequence rema ins consistent. 7. Level: Easy I Domain: CRAFT AN D
Choice C is incorrect because the reader has STRUCTURE
no idea what th e scene really is; one knows Skill/Knowledge: Cross - Text Connections
D'Artagnan is walking by a group of people, but
there is no clue how many or where they are. Key Exp lanation: Choice A is the best answer
because Text I describes the "first public tasting
of c ultured meat" in 20 13, and Text 2 explains the
6. Level: Medium I Domain: CRAFT AN D
"later development " or "thing which occurred
ST RUCTURE
afterwards " by saying th at the "first sales occurred
Skill/Knowledge: Text Struct ure and Purp ose
in December 2020."
Key Explanation: Choice B is the best answer .

Distractor Explanations: Choice B is incor rect
The passage starts by saying that Levin plann ed
because Text 1 does not actually say how anyone
to tell his brothe r about the marriage , and ends
viewed the prod uct ) only that it was first tasted
by saying he did not because he was afraid
on television. Choice C is incorrect because only
his brother would not view it favorably. The
Text 1 says th at it was expensive to develo p. Text
underlined portion gives part of th e reason
2 refers to "'skepticism " or "concern "' abo ut the
Levin changed his mind: his brother used an
prod uct , but does not discuss how it was "created "'
"unconscio usly patronizing tone"' or "spoke as if
or "made ." Choice D is incorrect because Text
he looked down on Levin without intending to do

I
2 refers to the public's reaction of"'skepticism;' successful." Rather , Text 1 indicates that efforts
but Text I never says what people other than the were successful and now there is little concern at
cre,itor thought of the product. all. The author of Text 2 would be worried abo ut
climate change, not about the positive information
regarding hunting given in Text I.
STRUCTURE
Skill/Knowledge: Cross - Text Connections 9. Level: Easy I Domain: INFORMAT IO N AND
IDEAS
Key Exp lanat i on: Choice A is the best answer. Skill/Knowledge: Central Ideas and Details
Text 1 claims that polar bear populations are not
threatened any longer because there was a ban on Key Exp lanation: Choice A is the best
hunting . However , Text 2 points out that climate answer. The passage says that thundersnow , a
change is a severe problem. The author of the "meteorological event' ' or "'weather phenomenon "
Text 2 furth er distinguishes between changes in is rare , then explains what it is and how it is
different populations , which indicates that while different from a thunderstorm . Therefore , the
the numbers may be increasing ove rall, there may main purpose is to introduce a reader to the
be serious losses in genetic diversity if some of the unusual weather event.
populations die out. The refore, the author of Text
2 would probably say that Text I shows a "limited" Distractor Explanations: Choice B is incorrect
or "insufficient " analysis of the complete situation . because only one sentence in the passage says
that thundersnow is most common over "large
Distrac .tor Explanation: Choice 8 is incorrect bodies of water" and gives examples , but also
because) while Text 1 does say that total numbers says that the event occurs else1vhere. There is
have "rebounded " or "returned to previous not enoug h information to know what kinds
levels;' the author of Text 2 points out that some of other places are suitable) so Choice B is not
populations have not. ln addition, the author of the main purpose of the passage. Choice C is
Text I does not mention the problem of global incorrect because "'why'' or "'the reasons for"
warming, which Text 2 points out is eliminating the effect are not discussed. The passage only
sea ice essential to the survival of the polar bears. says that the formation occurs in the same way
Therefore , the author of Text 2 would probably not that thunderstorms do. Choice D is incorrect
find the text "inspiring" or "uplifting ; but rather because a "dilemma " is a problem, but the re is no
"'incomplete " or "in error." Choice C is incorrect discussion of a problem that needs solved.
because, while the author of Text 2 might say
that Text 1 is "'erroneous" or "wrong" in claiming
10. Level: Medi um I Domain: INFORMA TION AND
that polar bears are not "'in imminent danger
IDEAS
of extinction " or "threatened," the reason is not
correct. The author of Text 2 might say that the
total number is correct , but it is more important to Key Exp lanation: Choice D is the best answer
look at numbers in different populations. Choice because the passage focuses on how Electra
D is incorrect because Text 1 does not imply that increases her savings from $25 to buy a plot of
efforts to conserve polar bears are "only partially land to having enough money after seven years
I
to build a house for her family. "Thrift " refers to "fed the same flock," meaning that they worked
the ability to manage money well, so accurately together . The friendship is established but there is
describes Electra. no indication of mourning or sorrow. Choice D
refers to fame , not to friendship or sorrow , so is
incor rect.
because the text points out that Electra had more
money than her husband to begin with, but since
she is saving increasing amo un ts after they got 12. Level: Easy I Doma in: INFORMA TION AND
married . he is at least capable of earning money. IDEAS
It is possible he is also saving more on his own, Skill/Know ledge: Command of Evidence
too. Choke B is the opposite of the correct (Textual)
answer. The text says that they were romantic, but
"practical ,. refers to making good decisions abo ut Key Explanation: Choice B is th e best answer.
"'Selective disobedience " is defined as a situation
everyday life, and the couple save enough for a
nice house. Choke C is incorrect because there is where the dog refuses to do something that the
no indication that Saladin is "taking advantagl ' or owner orders but which might hur t the dog or the
"using" Electra 's money ; s he is saving the money owner. Choice 8 gives just such a situation: if the
he earned, so he is cont ribu ting to the family dog leads the owner onto the street , then the dog,
finances. the owner , or both could get hit by a truck. The

dog makes a decision to wait rathe r than allow an
injury to happen .
11. Level: Hard I Domain: INFORMATION AND
IDEAS Distractor Explanations: Choice A is incorrect
Skill/Knowledge: Command of Evidence bee.a.usethere is no indication that an injury
(Textual) would occur if the dog follows the order to watch
the cows. If anything , the dog has decided to
Key Explanation: Choice C is the best answe r. do something dangerous , as the cows could get
The claim is that the author 'bewails " or "expresses lost or cause damage to property. Choice C is
gre.at regret" abo ut a friend in the poem . Choice C incor rect bee.a.useit s hows a situation whe re the
says "'thou art gonet meaning "you are no longer dog follows orders , but "selective disobedience "
here." The following line, "'and never must return"'
refers to deciding not to follow an order. Choice
gives more of a due to what happened : if th e D is incorrect because it is uncl ear whether the
friend cannot return , he is probably dead. In other dog is following orde rs or not. Also, there is no
words , Choice C s hows that there was a "heavy "
indication th at the dog or the person will get
or "horri ble" change in that the friend died and
harmed if the dog alerts the owner about the
the author is very sad. ringing phone .

because it only refers to picking plants , not to any 13. Level: Medium I Domain: INFORMAT ION AND
reason for doing so. Choice B is inco rrec t beca use IDEAS
it only reinforces that they are friends who "nurst Skill/Know ledge: Command of Evidence
upon the self- same hill" or "grew up together; · and (Quantitative)

I
Key Exp lanat ion: Choke Dis the best answer Key Explanation: Since the group did not want
because the table only includes data for the year to say "farewell" and everyone went out to see
2018 . The text warns that "federal, state, and local the narrator off) it is logical to assume that the
government budgets may affect the employment narrator is not leaving for a brief trip. Since
of planners in government, because development Elizabeth asked for the narrator to write , there will
projects are contingent on available funds." be time to send letters.
In other words . employment may increase or
decrease if available "funds "' or "money' ' changes . Distractor Explanations: Choice A is incorrect
"Budgets • are "spending plans;· so if the federal because the gender is not given; it is possible
government revises or changes its plans due to that the narrator is a man. Choice B is incorrect
"'fewer tax: dollars," the amount of money for because the narrator could have traveled before.
employing planners may be lower. Therefore , there Choice C is incorrect because, while the narrator
is a "potential " or "chance " that there will be fewer didn't want to leave the others , it is possible that
planners in the future than listed in the table. the narrator was looking forward to the end of the
journey and what would happen upon arrival.
because neither the table nor the text explains
15. Level: Medium I Domain: INFORMAT IO N AND
where federal planners work; it is possible that
IDEAS
they work in large cities. Therefore . there is not
enough evidence to say that the percentage is
low bee.ause of "need" or "demand " in one area
or another. Choice B is incorrect because, while because Clark claims. "extinction of species should
no exact numbers are given, the table does cause us greater concern than if we believed
show the percentages of the total number of that biodiversity was maintained in the past by
planners . Therefore, it is possible to determine continual replenishment of random extinction
which sectors hire more planners than others. by generation of ne\1/ species ; In other words , he
The actual number is "reflected" or "indicated "
feels that if one species goes extinct, it would show
as a comparison . Choice C is incorrect bee.a.use that the biodiversity is not being maintained as it
the text does not say that federal government should be; the stabilizing forces would no longer
positions are stable. On the contrary , the text be functioning properly. That could indicate a
says that employment in government positions is "collapse" or "failure" of the entire system.
variable depending upon budgets , so if the budget
changes in any of the levels of government , the Distractor Explanation: Choice A is incorrect
percentage of people employed by each sector may because Clark implies that because of stabilization ,
also change. ecosystems remain in balance , but if one part
of the balance is disrupted ) the entire system
14. Level: Medium I Domain: INFORMAT IO N AND may collapse. Therefore, a total collapse is more
likely than if the system is random . Choic.e B is
IDEAS
Skill/Knowledge: Inferences incorrect because it refers to the situation in the
neutral theory , not the biodiversity stabilization
theory. Choke C is incorrect because the
s.rom 369
I
stabilization theory proposes that the number of 18. Level: Medium I Domain: STANDARD
species remains about the same. It is implied that ENGLISH CONVENT IO NS
the rate of addition and extinction would therefore Skill/Knowledge: Form , Structure , and Sense
be about the same.
"First performed in England in 1984" is a modifier
that desc ribes Starlight Express, so it needs to
ENGLISH CONVENT IONS
be followed by the noun it modifies. Choice D
Skill/Knowledge: Form, Structure , and Sense
correctly puts the parts of the sentence in order
with Starlight Expressat the start of the main
Key Explanation: Choice D is th e best answer
clause.
because it is a passive past perfect form. That
form shows that something else did the act of
destroying to the subject; in this case, the arsonist
can be eliminated because "First performed in
destroyed th e pavilion.
England in 1984" illogically refers to a person
rath er than the musical 8 In Choice A, the
Distractor Explanat ion: Choice A is incorrect
modifier refers to both Stilgoe and Webber. In
because it is an active form, but the pavilion did
Choice B. it refers to Stilgoe. and in Choice Cit
not do the act of destroying, the arsonist did.
refers to Webber.
Choice B is incorrect because "'despite" should
not be followed by a clause with a noun and verb.
Choice C is incorrect because "despite" should not 19. Level: Medium I Domain: STANDARD
be followed by an infinitive verb. ENGLISH CONVENT IO NS

Key Explanation: Choice B is th e best answer.
CONVENTIONS
"People"' is plural. and since it ends with an "e,"
Skill/Knowledge: Form. Structure, and Sense
there needs to be an apostrophe and "s"' to show
that the opinions belong to the people.
Key Explanation: Choic.e C is th e best answe r.
The underlined portion is a word that modifies
Distractor Explanation; Choices A and D are
"different," which is an adjective. Choice C is an
incorrect because "peoples'" is not the correct
adverb,so correctly can be used to desc ribe how
plural apostrophe , as "people" already refers to
different the habitats are.
more than one person. Choices C and D are also
incorrect because "opinions"' does not possess
Distractor Explanat ion: All of the other choices
anything , so does not need an apostrop he of
are incorrect because they are parts of speech
possession.
which cannot be used to modify an adjective.
Choice A is another adjective. Choices B and D
are nouns that mean, respectively, "the furthest 20. Level: Medium I Doma in: STANDARD
point" and "a person who had radical views."' ENGLISH CONVENT IO NS

I
Key Exp lanat i on: Choice D is the best answe r. the following information adds detail to that
"'Invented in .. .Sousa" is an added piece of sentence. However) Choice A is incorrect because
inform ation to the main idea that "the sousaphone "and" in a list is not followed by a comma. Choice
is a brass instr ument . ..."' Such information B is incorrect because sing le words need to be
could be incl uded with commas at each end, in se parated by commas in a list, not by semico lons
parentheses, or ·with dashes at each end, but must (semico lons are only used when the items in the
use the same punctuation at both ends . Since list are multiple words with commas). Choice C is
"'invented " is precede d by a dash , "Sousa" needs to incorrect because a comma is necessary to divide
be followed by one. "city- states"' from the names of the city - states; a
noun cannot be followed directly by anothe r noun
Distrac .tor Explanation: Choice A is incorrect with out punct uation showin g how they relate to
beca use a single das h in a sentence needs to follow each oth er.
a complete clause, but "The sousap hone'' is jus t a
noun. Choice B is incor rect bee.a.u se "is.. is placed
22. Level: Easy I Domain: STANDAR D ENGLISH
in the aside and away from the main clause,
CONVENT IONS
leaving the main clause without a verb. That
problem can be more easily seen by writing th e
sentence without the words between the das hes:
"'th e sousaphone is a brass instrument. . .."' Choice
because a comma needs to divide non - essential
C is incorrect beca use it uses a comma rather th an
information from a noun that it describes . In this
a das h) so the punct uation at th e start and end of
case) there is only one first line of the poem) so
th e aside are not consistent.
the actual words in the line are helpful but not
necessary to unde rstand th e noun .
CONVENT IO NS Distractor Explanation: Choice A is incorrect
Skill/Knowledge: Boundaries because th ere should be a comma after "'line"'
because th e words from the poem are not
Key Exp lanat i on: Choice D is the best answe r. necessary to unde rstand th e sentence . Choices C
"Tenoc htitlan, Texcoco, and Tlacopan" are added and D are inco rrect beca use th ey create a comma
info rm ation to desc ribe the previous noun , "three splice between two clauses. Both th e parts before
separate city- states." They are not essentia l to and after the comma can stand on their own as
unde rstand the meaning of the noun ) so need se ntences.
to be divided from th e noun they refer to with
a comma. There shou ld also be a comma afte r
"'Tenoc htitlan"' and "Texcoco'' bee.a.usethey are
three items in a list joined by "and." Such lists need
to have a comma after e.ach item . Key Exp lanation: Choice B is th e best answer
because it is used to show an exceptio n or change
Distrac .tor Explanation; In Choices A and B, a
the tone of a passage . The preceding sentence says
colon is not incorrect after "'city- states~ because
nuts are related to a longer life, but the following
th e previous sentence can stand on its own and
says that it is uncl ear whether the nuts actually
I
cause the longer life. Choice B therefore effectively 25. Level: Easy I Domain: EXPRESSION OF IDEAS
shows that there is doubt related to the first claim. Skill/Knowledge: Transitions
Distractor Exp lanation: None of the other Key Exp lanation: Choice D is the best answer
choices accurately s how that the tone changes because it is used to introduce the result of a
between sentences. Choice A is used to s how the series of events . In this context, Choice D aptly
result of the first claim , not to s how an exception. introduces the result of intimidating the natives
Choke C is used to emphasize the first point because Columbus was worrie d that the natives
with supporting information. Choice D is used to might harm his crew or stop providing food If
highlight a common idea between two concepts they were intimidated. they would continue giving
that are related necessary supplies without rebelling.
Distractor Explanation; Choice A is incorrect

because it is used to show that something happens
IDEAS
despite something else, but in this case) the second
is a direct result of the first. Choice B is used to
paraphrase the preceding idea , so does not fit the
context of continuing a story. Choice C is used to
bee.a.useit is used to show that something
identify simila rities in a comparison rather than
happened despite possible ambig uity over
s how how one event was stopped by anothe r.
previo us claims. The previo us sentence refers to
a range of hypotheses abo ut why King Tut died,
which demonstrates ambiguity about the death. 26. Level: Medium I Doma in: EXPRESSION OF
The second sentence shows a situation that is IDEAS
common to each of the possible scenarios; the Skill/Knowledge: Rhetorical Synthesis
death was fast.
Key Exp lanation: Choice B is the best answer
Distractor Explanation: Chokes A and B are because it dearly meets the studentS goal of
incorrect because they are used to introduce the "differentiating " or "showing the contrasts "
logical conclusion of a previous claim. However, between Keith's theate rs and othe rs. Choice B
the fact that the death was fast is not necessarily highlights two main differences from the notes .
logical given the options expressed; for example , One is that the performances were "polite "
he could have lived a long time afte r an injury or because they did not have vulgarity. swear words.
illness. Choice C is incorrect because it is used or audiences that heckled The oth er is that the
to give anothe r option or possibility. However , theaters were elaborate by comparison to "other
the follo·wing sentence discusses something that theaters in that period ."
is true in all of the cases, not something which is
sepa rate from one of the theories. For examp le, Distractor Explanation; Choice A is incorrect
being murdered is a form of unexpected de,ith. because it only says Keith owned more the.aters;
there is nothing which shows how those theaters
are different from other people's. Keith's theate rs
were elaborate) but Choke A does not s how

I
that othe r theaters were simple . Choice C is
incorrect because there is no mention of the
type of performances that other people's theaters
ran ; in addition, the fact that Albee took over
does not offer a contrast for what happened in
other situations. Choice D is incorrect bee.a.use
it only says what Keith preferred and did; there
is no contrast to show how his decisions led to
differences from othe r theaters.

Key Expl anat i on: Choice B is the best answer

beca use it explains what the blood moon is,
including when it occurs and how it forms.
Choice B therefore best accomplishes the goal of
educating the audience about a blood moon.
Distrac .tor Explanation: Choice A can be

eliminated because the audience already knows
about a lunar eclipse, so does not need more
information abo ut how one occurs. Choice A
mentions a blood moon , but does not help the
reader understand what it is or why the moon
turns red. Choice C is incorrect because acco rding
to points 3 and 4, the entire total lunar eclipse
is not called a blood moon; a blood moon is
only a stage or phase of the process . Choic.e D is
inco rrect beca use it erroneously indkates that red
light from the Sun shines through the Earth , but
instead, the final point shows that the Moon is
colored by light that shines around the Earth .
I
I. Level: Medium! Domain: CRAFT AND 3. Level: Hard I Domain: CRAFT AND
STRUCTURE STRUCTURE
Skill/Knowledge: Words in Context Skill/Knowledge: Words in Context
Key Explanation: Choice D is the best answer Key Explanation: Choice B is the best answe r.
bee.a.usethe blank portion shows what "Donovan " "'Adroitness " means "'skill" or "talent," so shows
did to "childcare ." Choice D refers to a great th at the composition "'exemplifies " or "stands as
change or improvement , so fits the context of a model of" the artist's ability to manipulate or
saying that disposable diapers completely changed cont rol color.
the way children could be raised .
Distractor Explanation: None of the oth er
Distractor Explanations: None of the other ch oices adequately explain what th e manipulation
choices accurately show what "'Donovan" did to of subtle colors refers to. Choice A refers to th e
"child care." Choice A refers to putting something state of being easily harmed by something, but
back together, but childcare has not been damaged Whistler was not harmed by the colors. Choice C
or fallen apart from a better state. Choice B refers to an agreement to do something, such as
refers to changing the structure of an institution meet a person. Choice D refers to something that
or rearranging objects in a place, and Choice C dist racts from a serious activity.
refers to changing the name or identification of
something.
STRUCTURE
2. Level: Medium I Domain: CRAFT AND Skill/Knowledge: Text Structure and Purpose
STRUCTURE
Skill/Knowledge: Words in Context Key Explanation: Choice A is th e best answer
because "casting doubt" refers to showing that
Key Explanation: Choice D is the best answer something may not be true ; "'veracity" is "'truth."
The underlined word also has the same meaning:
bee.a.use"application " refers to the starting point
it shows that something is said but that there is
of the salt stress. Choice D refers to the carrying
doubt abo ut whether the claim is true or not The
out of a course of action, so aptly shows that claim is that Knight created the Lassie characte r,
the number of days from the action of creating but the following sentence shows there is doubt:
stress until the appearance of the first flowers was Gaskell wrote abo ut such a character almost a
recorded . centu ry earlier. In other words, the underlined
portion indicates that th e author feels that maybe
Distractor Explanation: None of the oth er Gaskell was the c reator and not Knight , as othe rs
said .
choices fits the context of indicating when the salt
process began. Choice A refers to "meaning' or
Distractor Explanations: Choice 8 is incorrect
"'importance . Choke 8 refers to putting in hard
bee.a.usethe underlined portion does not
effort over a long period. Choice C refers to asking "'question" or "'cast doubt" on the idea th at
for something. the stories have a lot in common; instead , the
underlined portion emp hasizes th at they are
simila r by hinting that maybe Knight copied

I
the character . Choi ce C is incorrect because the he wanted , but he saw the possibility that he could
underlined portion does not modify or cast doubt "market " or "sell" it and earn money because of its
upon "'fictional ;' it modifies "first introduced "
other properties.
Choice D is incorrect because there is no
indication that Gaskell's story was popular or
widely read at all.
because the idiom is not used literally, but
figuratively. A "pigment " is a coloring agent like a
5. Level: Medium I Domain: CRAFT AND powder , not a cloud . Choke C is incorrect because
STRUCTURE there is no indication that the pigment could make
Skill/Knowledge: Text Structure and Purpose other colors . only that it was useful for making
blue because it had properties most other blues
Key Exp lanat i on: Choice B is the best answer did not. Choice Dis incorrect because "market
because the example is that Lee is a sensitive the new pigment' ' shows that Subramanian is
director who shows "nuances " or "'subtleties "
taking advantage of or selling the color, not the
about Black characters . The following portion is
quality of magnetism . There is no sign that adding
a "contrast " or "difference " because it shows how
other people stereotyped black actors to specific something else will make it magnetic after all.
roles or even painted White people to look like
Black ones.
STRUCTURE
Skill/Knowledge: Cross - Text Connections
because there is no mention of a stereotype in the
underlined portion ; the rest of the text points out
that Blacks were reduced to stereotypical roles. Key Explanation: Choic.e B is the best answer
Choice C is incorrect because there is no evidence because Stearns says that slavery is only possible
that Lee "pioneered " or "started " a change; the because laws governing slavery exist. The fact
text only says that his work is different from that that the slave is owned by the state is one piece of
of directors in the past. Choice D is incorrect legislation , so it supports the claim that slavery
because the problem of Black stereotypes is not
continues due to legislation rather than just the
mentioned in the underlined portion ) so the
wishes of the slave and owner.
underlined portion does not show that it took
time to "resolve" or "fix" it
because Stearns says that the law is the only thing
6. Level: Easy I Domain: CRAFT AND to be considered . Therefore , if the law says that
STRUCTURE emancipated slaves are state property , it doesn't
Skill/Knowledge: Text Structure and Purpose matter if the former slave has any paperwork
showing otherwise. Choice C is incorrect because
Key Exp lanat ion: Choi«: B is the best answer. Stearns says that the U.S. Constitution supports
"'Every cloud has a silver lining " is an idiom which laws of the states . but does not support slavery
means that everything which at first looks bad per se. Choice D is incorrect because Stearns says
actually has something good about it In this case . that the slaves are subjected to the laws of their
the material that Subramanian made was not masters . In the scenario given, the master would
magnetic and could not be used for the purpose
s.rom 375
I
be the state, so running away would not protect because the text does not say which country
the slave from th e laws of that state. Nabongo was born in; the fact that she is
Ugandan - American could mean she was born
in the U.S. to Ugandan parents . Choke C is
8. Level: Easy I Domain: INFORMA TION AND
incorrect because there is no indication of which
IDEAS
orde r Nabongo visited the locations . Choice D is
Skill/Know ledge: Cent ral Ideas and Details
incorrect because the text does not give Nabongo's
Key Explanation: Choice D is the best answer opinion just of the Seychelles, only of her trave ls
because the passage states th at "They are in general
extremely adaptable to a wide variety of habitats"

and "are now flourishing in different areas ." 10. Level: Easy I Domain: IN FORMAT IO N AND
In othe r words, coywolves are able to "'adapt" IDEAS
or "'change"' enough to live in many different Skill/Knowledge: Central Ideas and Details
"habitats" or "natural surr oundings." Hence) they
are in a range of"envi ronmental conditions ."' Key Exp lanation: Choice B is th e best answer .
The first sentence explains the idea of The Fun
Distractor Exp lanations: Choice A is incorrect Theory and the second sentence explains how the
bee.a.usethe text offers no comparison of which company proposed to test the th eory. The final
place has the most coywolves; it only says th at sentence gives the results : a large percentage of
they live in many habitats in Canada and other people changed their behavio rs due to the fun
places. Choice B is inco rrect beca use th ere is factor which was introduced.
no indication of how closely related coy,.volves
Distractor Explanation; Choice A is incorrect
are to any species; it could be that they have one
because the passage says that the experiment was
wolf parent and one coyote parent. Choice C
designed to test a theo ry used in an advertising
is incorrect because the passage only says th at
campaign, but does not explain the results of the
coywolves "first appeared" in Canada in the 20th
campaign . It is possible that no additional cars
cent ury. It is unclear whether anyone bred th em or
were sold as a result of it. Choice C is incorrect
whethe r th ey hybridized naturally in the ¾ild.
because the passage does not say that more people
took the stairs than the escalator, only that the use
9. Level: Easy I Domain: INFORMA TION AND of stai rs increased. It is possible th at the use of the
IDEAS escalator was still higher th an the stairs . Choice
Skill/Knowledge: Cent ral Ideas and Details D is incorrect because there is no discussion that
oth er places sho uld adopt the same type of piano
Key Explanation: Choice B is the best answe r stairs; the passage only says th at the stairs were
because the final sentence says that Nabongo "has effective in changing behavior in this experiment.
written a book abo ut her adventures." Since "her
adventures " refers to traveling to all th e count ries
11. Level: Hard I Domain: INFORMAT IO N AND
in th e world, she is an "author" or "·write r" of su ch
IDEAS
a book.
Distractor Exp lanations: Choke A is incorrect (Textual)

I
Key Exp lanat i on: Choke C is the best answer. larger than 2 of the lines on the y- axis, but there is
The claim is that the park is "considered a world only one line (the one for 3 nmoles ) between the
treasure for more than its beauty" or "valuable two bars. Choice C refers to the total increase for
for things other than the way it looks." Choice C the control mouse , not the difference between the
gives an important reason that people might want control mouse and the mouse with no HEPHLI.
to conserve it: the climate is "unique " or "one of a Choice D refers to the total increase of the mouse
kind" that is high in biodiversity , as illustrated by with no HEPHLI.
the huge number of plants in the area .

13. Level: Medium I Domain: INFORMAT IO N AND
IDEAS
because it only says that the site is preserved; it
does not give a reason why. Choice 8 is incorrect
(Quantitative)
because there is no reason that a country
boundary is a world heritage site of great value;
this choice could be acceptable if there were
because the graph shows the percentage of
reasons showing why the basaltic line is special)
increase from the previous year, 2015. The data
but not as it stands . Choice D is incorrect because
for Sierra Leone, in the fur left- hand column) is
it gives a reason that the park might have lost
just over 120%, but the data for Togo, the second
value. If the park has also been damaged, then the
column from the right ) says that there was only
conservation value is decreased.
a growth of just over 20%. The passage points
out that quality and accessibility affect whether
12. Level: Medium I Doma in: INFORMATION AND tourists are attracted to a site or not Therefore ,
IDEAS it is reasonable to assume that the reason for
Skill/Knowledge: Command of Evidence the great increase is that there was a change in
(Q uantitative ) infrastructure that made it easier for tourists to
visit.
Key Exp lana ti on: Choice A is the best answer
because the statement describes the "difference in Distractor Explanation: Choice A is incorrect
the iron uptake increase." Therefore ) the correct because the graph compares a percentage increase
answer is derived by subtracting the smaller in tourism, not a percentage of the total tourists.
column from the larger. The smaller column is It is unknown how many people went to any given
the control mouse , which has a value of about place . Choi ce C is also incorrect because the
2.7. The larger represents the mouse with no graph says that Burundi had an increase in visitors
HEPHLI genes, which has a value of about 3.8. of about 40%, which means that it had 40% more
The difference is 3.8 - 2.7= 1.l. Even if the values than the previous year, not that it had 40% more
are changed by a few decimal points, Choice A is than other places. Choice D is also incorrect
the closest approximate . because , while there was a greater increase in the
number of visitors in Eritrea than in Madagascar ,
Distractor Explanation: None of the other it is unknown what the original number was. It
choices shows the "difference in the iron uptake is possible that Madagascar started with a much
increase ." Choice A would represent a difference greater number of tourists in previous years.
I
14. Level: Medium I Domain: INFORMATION AND 16. Level: Easy I Domain: STANDARD ENGLISH
IDEAS CONVENTIONS
Skill/Know ledge: Inferences Skill/Knowledge: Form . Structure, and Sense
Key Explanation: Choice D is the best answer Key Exp lanation: Choice A is the best answer.
bee.a.usethe text refers to trouble that was "not The underlined portion is one item in a list joined
alone for himself, but for every tide - water dog." by "and," and such lists need to have the same
Therefore . Buck probably considers himself to be
grammatical structure in each item. The first two
a "'tide - water dog." It is clear he is strong, because
items are infinitive verbs that follow "to'' and show
the text calls these dogs "strong of muscle and
with warm, long hair" and ends by saying that the purpose of the dam: "control' ' and "inc rease."
the men wanted dogs that were «heavy dogs, with Choice A maintains the same struct ure ·with the
strong muscles by which to toil, and furry coats to infinitive "generate."
protect them from the frost."
Distractor Exp lanations: Choice A is not are incorrect beca use they are not parallel with the
supported by the passage because there is other items in the list joined by "and ." Choice B
reference to steams hip s as being currently in
includes the noun "it." Choice C changes the orde r
the news, but Buck does not know the news.
of the words into a clause, and Choice D repea ts
Therefore . he has yet to know about going to the
north on a ship. Choice B is incorrect because "to;' which is not repeated ·with "inc rease wate r
finding "yellow metal "- presumably gold in storage."
Alaska- is something that is in the news that
Buck does not know about. Choice C is incorrect
bee.a.usethe text appears to be written from a dogS
point of view, as Buck considers himself part of CONVENT IONS
"every tide - water dog." Skill/Knowledge: Form . Structure, and Sense
Key Exp lanation: Choice B is th e best answer .

15. Level: Medium I Domain: STANDARD The underlined portion is a verb that needs to
ENGLISH CONVENTIONS agree with th e subject, which is the plural word
Skill/Knowledge: Form, Struct ure. and Sense "members. "
Distractor Explanation: Chokes A and D are

incorrect because they are singular verbs . Though
because it is an adjective, so can correctly be used
the preceding word, "the society" is singular) the
after the "to be" verb "are" to describe the noun
"citizens." subject is actually plural . "members of the society.'
Choice C is incorrect because the underlined
Distractor Exp lanation: Choice A is a plural portion is part of the main clause; "tho ugh'"
noun that refers to circumstances or rules , which subordinates the first half of the sentence.
does not describe people well. Choice C is an Therefore ) an active verb is necessary to make a
adverb , so cannot be used to desc ribe the noun complete clause, but "dedicat ing" is a gerund.
"citizens." Choice D is incorrect because it refers
to a substance that makes something softerfor
example , a fabric softener .

I
18. Level: Easy I Domain: STANDARD ENGLISH Key Explanation: Choic.e A is the best answer .
CONVENT IONS "Like stegosaurs and tyrannosaurs " is used to
Skill/Knowledge: Fonn , Structure , and Sense explain what is meant by "'familiar species : so
does not have to be separated from the sentence
Key Exp lana ti on: Choice A is the best answer.
with any punctuation.
The underlined portion is part of a list of
adjectives joined by "and." Choice A is parallel
with the other adjectives , "courageous " and because "were" is the verb that goes with "familiar
"rebellious ." species." If there is only one comma ) then "like .. .
of time" becomes a modifier of "'species " and
can be eliminated because they do not create a there is no verb in the main clause. Choi ce
parallel list with the adjectives preceding "and• C is incorrect because "like stegosaurs and
Choice B is a complete clause. Choices C and D tyrannosaurs " could be separated from "'species "
and the main sentence with commas at both ends ,
contain verbs.
but in that case, there should be no comma after
"stegosaurs .• Two nouns joined by "and " should
19. Level: Easy I Domain: STANDARD ENGLISH not be separated with punctuation. Choice D
CONVENT IONS is incorrect because a colon needs to follow a
complete sentence , but the preceding portion has
no verb to go with "species."
Key Explana ti on: Choice A is the best answer
because parenthetical information should be
considered part of the word it refers to in the 21. Level: Easy I Domain: STANDARD ENGLISH
sentence and the punctuation should follow the CONVENTIONS
regular punctuation of that part of speech. In this Skill/Knowledge: Boundaries
case) the facts in the parentheses describe the
subject "shichimi" , so should be considered part of Key Explanation: Choice C is the best answer.
the subject. No commas are needed between the The portions before and after the underlined
subject and the following verb "is.• section are both able to stand on their own as
sentences ) so can be joined with a period or
Distractor Explanation: All of the other choices semicolon.
are incorrect bee.a.usethey include unnecessary
commas. In B and D, the commas separate the Distractor Explanation: Choice A is incorrect
noun from the parenthetical information that because it creates a run- on. Choice B is incorrect
describe it. In C and D, the commas divide the because it creates a comma splice. Choice D
is incorrect because "and" turns the follo·wing
subject and its verb.
portion into a dependent clause that cannot stand
on its own as a sentence.
CONVENT IONS
Skill/Knowledge: Boundaries 22. Level: Medium I Domain: STANDARD
ENGLISH CONVENTIONS
s.rom 379
I
Key Explanation: Choice A is the best answer. something happened despite th e previous claim.
"Wha t is little known is that as the plans evolved Choice B is used to show the resu lt of the previous
over the sixteen years of construction" is a claim. Choke D is used to point out a similarity
modifier separate from the main idea, "a ramp between two different examp les.
was eliminated ." Additional information needs to
be divided from the main clause with a comma ,
as indicated by the comma after "construction. " A
comma should also folJow "smaller " because it is
part of a series of adjectives modifying the verb Key Exp lanation: Choice B is th e best answer
"ram p." because it is used to show that the follo·wing
thing comes chronologically afte r the previous
Distractor Exp lanation: None of the other
discussion. It fits the context of showing that
choices correctly divides the sentence . Chokes
Gandhi used civil disobedience in the 1920s and
B, c. and D do not have the comma afte r
King used it in the 1960s.
"construction "' that is necessary to identify where
the modifier ends and the main clause starts. Distractor Explanation: Choice A is incorrect
Choice B includes an unne cessary comma after because it is used to introduce th e results of
"ram p," separating that noun from its verb. "was an argument, but the fact th at King used civil
eliminated." The comma after "steeper" in Choice disobedience does not necessarily follow from the
C is possible if "much steeper" is used to add points that Thoreau wrote about it and Gand h i
desc ription to the word "'smaller; · but there is still practiced it. Choice C is incorrect because it is
a comma lacking after "construction. " Choice D is used to give an example. While the following
mis.sing all punctuation . portion is an examp le of civil disobedience. it is
not an examp le of th e previous sentence. Gandhi's
23. Level: Medium I Domain: EXPRESSION OF use of the techniq ue. Therefore, the transition
IDEAS is misplaced at this point. Choice D shows that
Skill/Know ledge: Transitions something happens despite something else.
However, King's use of civil disobedience did not
Key Explanation: Choice C is the best answer necessarily happen because Gandhi used it; King
because it is used to give a detail related to a might have drawn some inspiration from the
previo us claim. In the context, the general idea previous event.
of rigorous training is expanded upon with an
example of one form of such rigorous t raining: the
dog needs to learn to alert the ovmer in a special
IDEAS
circumstance .

Key Exp lanation: Choice A is th e best answer
choices establish the relationship that the second
because it is used to offer a paraphrase or different
sentence gives an example that ilJustrates the
wording of a previous idea. In this case. it offers
first sentence . Choice A is used to show th at
a simple explanation "th e shell creates a rash" to

I
clarify the earlier claim that the shells "t rigger 27. Level: Hard I Domain: EXPRESSION OF IDEAS
contact dermatitis " because of oils that are Skill/Knowledge: Rhetorical Synthesis
"'caustic" or "cause a burning sensation ."
Key Explanation: Choic.e A is the best answer
Distrac .tor Explanation; Choice B is incorrect because it is th e most convincing argument for a
beca use it is used to show something similar farming community: it shows how the deer can
between a comparison of hvo items that have be protected , yet it also shows the people that the
common elements but that are not the same. It student is trying to convince that they will not be
is not used to explain the same idea in different harme d in the process. The farme rs can "do th eir
words. Choices C and D are incorrect because jobs• rath er than lose land or work because of the
th ey are used to introduce th e opposite p ossibility, new plan.
but the context gives different words for the same
thing. Distractor Explanation: All of the other choices
are incorrect because they show how the plan
benefits deer, but th ey do not address the potential
concerns of a farming community about such
problems as losing part of thei r prope rty to th e
corridor or how to continue farming if there are
Key Expl anat i on: Choice D is the best answe r
more deer habitats in the area. Therefore ) they are
beca use it gives a concise definition of "'heat
not as convincing an argument for the student to
island$" for an a udience that does not know what
use in trying to get the people to agree to a wildlife
th ey are. Choic.e D then achieves the student's goal
corridor .
of offering solutions by summarizing th e fourth
and fifth bullet points.

beca use it mistakenly offers air conditione rs as a
so lution for heat islands . but the notes only say
th at air conditioners contribute to the problem
of global warming. Choice B is incorrect because
it only exp lains what heat islands are; it does
not offer any solutions as per th e studen t& goal
Choice C is incorrect because an audience that
does not know what a heat island is will not know
th e meaning after reading the statement. It does
not include the crucial definition that they are
hotter urban areas. Though Choice C does offer
one way to so lve the problem . the reader does not
know why it helps.
I

I
I. Level: Easy I Domain: ADVANCED MATH 3. Level: Medium I Domain: ADVANCED MATH
Skill/Knowledge: Nonlinear functions I Testing Skill/Knowledge: Nonlinear functions
point; Writing exponential function equation Testing point: Solving for a quadratic equation
from data using the quadratic formula
Key Exp lan ati on: Choke A is correct . The initial Key Explanation: To solve for this quadratic
value of the land is $47,890, which increases by equation, use the quadratic formula
2% every year. This suggests that the function -b ±.Jb' -4nc
X=
is exponential growth . The exponential growth 2n
formula isftx) =n(l + r)' where a is the initial where n =3, b =- 6 and c =- 21.
value. r is the growth rate and xis the time. In Substituting the given values yields
this situation, n =47,890, r =0.02, and x =t.
-(-6) ± -4(3)(-21) 6 ± -./m
Substituting these values to the formula yields fix) X= or x=
2(3) 6
=47,890(1.02) '. Making A the correct option.
. t·fyi
Simp 1 ng th e equation
. yte
' Ids x = -- or
Distrac .tor Explanations: Choices B and D are 6
incorrect. These options are linear functions ,

however, the model equation in the question Matching the two expressions yields
is exponential. Choice C is incorrect. This is a = Therefore, k =2.
decreasing exponential function since the factor
0.98 is less than I.
TRIGONOMETRY
2. Level: Medium I Doma in: ALGEBRA Skill/Knowledge: Area and volume I Testing
Skill/Knowledge: Linear equations in one variable point: Finding the area of a rectangle
Key Explanation: : Choice D is correct The
Key Exp lana ti on: Choice C is correct Grouping length of the rectangle is (x - 6) and the width is x.
the left side of the equation yields (nx + bx) + The are,i of a rectangle is given by length x width
(n - b) =Sx - 2. Factoring out x from the first which is x (x - 6) =27.
group yields x(n + b) + (n - b) =Sx - 2. Matching Using distributive property yields r - 6x =27.
coefficients and constants on both sides of the Subtracting 27 from both sides of the equation
equation yields (n + b) =5 and (n - b) = - 2. yields r - 6x - 27 =0. Solve the quadratic
Factoring the given expression (n' - Ir) yields equation either by using the quadratic formula or
n' - Ir= (n + b) (n - b). Substituting the values of by using the factor method.
(n + b) and (n - b) yields n' - Ir= (5)( - 2) = - 10. Factoring r - 6x - 27 =0 yields (x + 3) (x - 9) =0.
Equating (x + 3) to zero yields x + 3 =0 or x =- 3.
Distrac .tor Explanations: Choice A is incorrect. Equating (x - 9) to zero yields x - 9 =0 or x =9.
This is the value of (n + b) + (n - b). Since the width cannot be negative , the width
Choice 8 is incorrect . This is the value of a + b. would therefore be 9. Solving for the length of the
Choice D is incorrect. This is the value of a - b. rectangle yields 9 - 6 =3.
I
Distractor Exp lanati ons: Choke A is incorrect. x> - 10
This is the value of x or the width of the rectangle. Hence, - IO< x < 4. The integers between - 10 and
Choice B is incorrect and may result from a 4 are - 9, - 8) - 7, - 6, - 5, - 4, - 3, - 2, - 1, o. t. 2 and
conceptual or calculation error. 3.
Choke C is incorrect. This is the difference Therefore. there are 13 integer solutions in the
between the length and the width of the rectangle . given inequality.
5. Level: Easy I Domain: ALGEBRA 7. Level: Easy I Domain: ADVANCED MATH

Skill/Know ledge: Linear equations in one variable Skill/Knowledge: Nonlinear functions I Testing
Testing point: Solving for x in a linear equation point: Finding a value of an exponential function
Key Explanatio n: Choice A is correct. Solve for Key Explanati on: Choice A is correct.
x first in the given equation 7x + 14 =7.
Substituting .!. to the given equation yields
Subtracting 14 from both sides of the equation 3
yields 7x =7 - 14 or 7x =- 7. Dividing both sides
of the equation by 7 yields x =- 1. The equivalent p ( ½) = { ¾},! =8;=~=2
equation will also have the same value of x. Solve
the value of x in choice A by subtracting 6 from Therefore, p ( ½) =2.
both sides of the equation which yields 3x =3 - 6
or 3x = - 3. Dividing both sides of the equation by Distractor Explanations: Choice B is incorrect.
3 yields x =- 1. Therefore, 3x + 6 =3 is equal to This option may be a result of findingp(3) . Choice
7x + 14 =7. C is incorrect and may result from solving the
value of p ( -½). Choice D is incorrect This

Distractor Exp lanati ons: Choices B and C
are incorrect Solving the value of x from both option may be a result offindingp( - 3).
equations yields x =3. Choi ce D is incorrect.
Solving the value of x from 7x =7 yields x = I.
6. Level: Hard I Domain: ALGEBRA point: Using the factor theorem
Skill/Know ledge: Linear inequalities in one or
two variables I Testing point : Solving absolute Key Explanati on: Choice C is correct Factor
value inequalities theorem states that ifJ{n) =0, then x - a is a factor
ofJ{x). In Choice C, a= 2. Substituting 2 to the
Key Explanatio n: To solve for the values of x, given equation yields.1{2)=6(2) 2 - 17(2) + 10.
make two inequalities of absolute value for the Using distributive property yields.1{2) =24 - 34 +
positive and negative values. 10 or.1{2) =0. This means that x - 2 is a factor of
+~+~<+7 - lx+31<+7 J{x).
x+3<7 -x - 3 <7
x+3 - 3 c7 - 3 -x - 3 + 3 < 7 + 3 Distractor Explanations: Choice A is incorrect.
x<4 - x < IO, divide both sides by - I
Substituting - to the given equation yields
6
I
Key Explanation; Choice C is correct. The points
above the line of best fit have a higher value than
the values predicted by the line of best fit. There
Choice 8 is incorrect. Substituting - 5 to the
are 6 points above the line.
given equation yields 245. Choice D is incorrect.
Substituting 5 to the given equation yields 75.
and may result from counting the total points in
9. Level: Easy I Domain: PROBLEM-SOLVING the scatter plot Choice 8 is incorrect and may
AND DATA ANALYTI CS result from counting the points below th e line.
Skill/Knowledge : One - variable data: Choice D is incorrect. This option may result from
conceptual errors.
Testing point : Inte rpreting box and whisker plots
Key Explanati on: Choice D is correct The 12. Level: Easy I Domain: ADVANCED MATH
median in a box and whisker plot is represented Skill/Knowledge: Equivalent expressions I
by the line in the box (interquartile range). From Testing point: Using the difference of two squared
the above, Date Set A has a median of data set B with binomial expressions
has a greater median compared to data set A.
Key Explanation; Choice D is correct. Rewriting
Distractor Explanations: Choice A and Choice
the expression (x+ (x- yields
B are incorrect The mean and number of data
or frequency cannot be found from a box and Using(a + b) (a - b) =a' - b'
whisker plot representation. Choice C is incorrect. yields
This statement is false. [<x+ Simplifying
the radicals yields (x' - 2)'. Expanding th e
expression yields x' - 4x' + 4.
JO. Level: Easy I Domain: ADVANCED MATH
Distractor Explanations: Choic.es A, 8 , and C
Testing point: Finding the vertex of a parabola
calculation error
through a transformation
Key Exp lanat ion: The vertex of/(x) is ( - 2, 5). 13. Level: Easy I Domain: ALGEBRA
Translating th e parabola 3 units to the left and 1 Skill/Knowledge: Linear functions I Testing
unit up would result in (- 5, 6), which is the vertex point: Finding the equation of a line from a grap h
of g(x).
Therefore, th e value of Ii is - 5. Key Explanation: Choic.e A is correct. The grap h
decreases from left to right. This means that the
line has a negative slope . Looking at the choic.es,
only Choice A has a negative slope of - 4.85.
AND DATA ANALYSIS
Skill/Knowledge: Two- variable data: models and
The refore, y =231 - 4.85x is th e equation of the
graph.
scatte rplots I Testing point: Using the line of best
fit
I
Distractor Exp lanati ons: Chokes B, C, and D are
incorrect. These equations have positive values of
slopes.
20''!
1
:
1
.1 I
I
14. Level: Medium I Domain: PROBLEM SOLVING

1 ;
10.i I
AND DATA ANALYSIS I
I
Skill/Know ledge: Percentages I Testing point: i

Using proportions and percentages I
I '
1
f
Key Explanation: ., IU
' • I
G irls Boys
'
On the track 3
6 -x20= 12
team 5 • 0
Not on the 3
- x24 = 18 8
track te.am 4 However, the second inequality states that y - l,
24 20 making - I the least value of y.
From the table, the number of students on the
track team would be 6 + 12 = 18 out of the 44 Distractor Explanations: Choices A and Care
students . In percentage form this would be incorrect. These are solutions to the system .
18 However, they are not the least value of y. Choice
- x 100= 40.909% or4I % rounded off to the
44 B is incorrect. The option is not part of the
nearest whole number. solutions of the system.

Testing point: Factoring a quadratic
variableand systems of equations in two variables
Testing point: Solving for quadratic and linear
Key Explanation: Choice A is correct. Adding
inequalities 98 to both sides of the equation yields 2x' + 28x
+ 98 = 0. Factoring out 2 yields 2(x' + l 4x + 49)
Key Explanation: Choice D is correct. The
= 0. Using the model (a+ b)' =a' + 2ab + b', the
inequality y > 2(x - 2)' - 2 has a graph of parabola. expression (x' + 14x + 49) can be written as
This means that it is in the form y > a(x - h )' + k (x + 7)?. Hence . the equation becomes
where (11) k) is the vertex. Hence. the vertex is at 2(x + 7)'= 0. Therefore, only equation 1 is equal to
(2, - 2). Since the value a is positive, the parabola the given equation .
opens upwards.This me.ans that the lowest point
of the graph is the vertex. Henc.e, the value of y Distractor Explanations: Choices B and C are
must be g reater than - 2. incorrect. This is because equation two is not
equivalent to the given equation. Choi ce D is
incorrect. This is because only equation 2 is not
equivalent and not both of them .

I
17. Level : Easy I Domain: ALGEBRA 19. Level: Easy I Domain: ALGEBRA
Skill/Knowledge: Systems of two linear equations Skill/Knowledge: Systems of two linear equations
in two variables I Testing point : Solving in two variables I Testing point: Working with
simultaneous equations systems of linear equations ·with no solution
Key Explanati on: The system of equations above Key Explanation: Choic.e B is correct. A system of
can be solved either by substitution or elimination. equations with no solutions means that the lines
Using elimination method, the l" equation is are parallel. They have the same slope but different
multiplied by 2 which yields 2(3y - 2x =6) or 6y - y intercepts . Using distrib utive property yields
4x = 12. 8
3x+5---8= px+4
Subtract the two equations yields y =4. 3x
I
Substituting the value of y to the first equation Simplifying the left side of the equation yields
yields 3(4) - 2x =6 or 12 - 2x =6.
3
x - 3 =px + 4. Matching the coefficients of x yields
Adding 2x and subtracting 6 from both sides of
I
the equation yields 12 - 6 =2x or 6 =2x.
p= 3·
3 =xor x= 3. Distractor Explanations: Choic.es A, C and D are
Therefore , 2x + y is 2(3) + 4 =6 + 4 = IO. incorrect These options would result in having a
system of equations with one solution.
18. Level: Medium I Doma in: PROBLEM SOLVING

AND DATA ANALYSIS 20. Level: Medium I Domain: ALGEBRA
Skill/Knowledge: Inference from sample statistics Skill/Knowledge: Linearequations in two
and margin of error I Testing point : Making variables I Testing point: Solving a system of
inferences from sample to population equations with In.finitesolutions
Key Explanati on: Choice B is correct. From the Key Explanation: A system of equations with
53 infinite solutions are equations of the same line
survey, of the students surveyed are in favorof
97 and have both the same slope and y- intercept.
changing the school un iform. This means that 97 Using distributive property yields 5x - 10 + x + 3
- 53 =44 or 44 of97 students are not in favor of =kx - 2k+2x+ I.
changing the school un iform. To approximate the Combining and grouping like terms yields 6x - 7
number of students in school that are not in favor =(kx + 2x) + (- 2k + I).
44 Matching the constants yields - 7 =- 2k + I.
ofthe change would be - x2,300= 1,043.
97 Adding 7 and 2k to both sides of the equation
Distrac.tor Explanations: Choice A is incorrect yields 2k =8.

This would be the approximate number of
k=4 .
students in school that are in favor of the change
in uniform. Choice C is incorrect This is the
total number of students in the school. Choice
D is incorrect. This option may result from
miscalculation or conceptual error.
I
21. Level : Easy I Domai n: GEOMET RY AND and D are inco rrect. These options may be due to
TRIGONOMETRY conceptua l and miscalcu lation e rrors.
Skill/Know ledge: Lin es, angles, and tria n gles I
Testing point : Workin g with insc ribed shapes and
special trian gles
Key Explanation : Choice D is correct. The

diameter of the circle is equal to the diago nal
length of the sq uare. The diameter is 12 x 2 =
24 cm, which means that the diagonal of th e
square is also 24. And since th e diagonal length
is equal to wheres is the side length of
the sq uare, then =24. Solving for s by
dividing both sides of the equatio n by yields
24
s= Rationa lizing th e denominato r yields
s =~ x Therefore , s=l 2-Ji

2
Distractor Exp lanation s: Choice A is inco rrect.

This is th e value of the diamete r of the circle.
Choke B is in correct This is the value of the
radius of th e circle. Choice C is incorrect. This
option wo uld be a result of misconception and
conceptual error.
22. Level : Hard I Domain : ALGEBRA

Skill/Knowledge : Lin ear equatio ns in two
variables I Testing point : Dete rminin g the
equation of a line from data
Key Explanation: Choice B is correct The value

of is constant for all values of x given; thus the
equatio n of th e line would bey= 4. Substituting
the value of y to the given equation yields 4 =2k.
Dividing both sides of th e equatio n by 2 yields
2 =k or k =2.
Distractor Exp lanation s: Choice A is inco rrect.

This is th e value of the consta n t 2k. Choices C

I
I. Level: Medium I Doma in: ADVANCED MATH Key Explanation; Choke 8 is correct. Diameter
Skill/Knowledge: Nonlinear equations in one is twice the radius. To find the radius of the circle,
variable and systems of equations in t\vo variables rewrite the given equation in standard fonn(x -
Testing point: Solving quadratic equations /,)' + (y - k)' =r' where (Ir, k) is the center of the
circle and r is its radius. Completing the squares
Key Exp lana ti on: Choi«, C is correct. Quadratic
8
equations can be solved either by using the yields (x-4)' -( ~ )' +(y+5)'-(1: J =8 or
quadratic formula or by solving using the factor
(x-4) 2 - 16+ (y +5)' -25 =8. Adding 25 and 16
method.
to both sides of the equation yields (x - 4)' + (y +
Using the factor method , first find the product of
S)' =8 + 25 + 16 or(x - 4)2 + (y + 5)' =49.
the highest degree term and the constant which
Since r = 49. then r = 7.
will be 3x' x 6 = 18x'.
The diameter would then be 2(7) = 14.
The factors of 18x' that will add up to be equal to
the middle term - 19x are - x and - 18x. Distractor Explanations: Choice A is incor rect.
Splitting the middle term yields 3x' - x - l 8x + 6 This is the value of the radius of the circle given
=0. above. Choice C is incorrect This assumes that
Grouping the equation yields (3x' - x) - (18x - 6) 8 is the radius of the circle and that the diameter
=0. would be 2(8) = 16. Choice D is incorrect. This
Factoring the equation yields x (3x - 1) - 6 (3x - can be a result of not getting the square root of the
1) =0. constant in the equation.
Factoring out (3x - 1 ) yields (3x - 1) (x - 6) =0.
Equating (x - 6) to zero yields x - 6 =0 or x =6.
Equating (3x - 1) to zero yields 3x - 1 =0 or x = Skill/Knowledge: Linear functions I Testing
1 point : Solving for the absolute value of a linear
3 function fix), given x
Since ! is in the options, then Choice C is the
3
Key Explanation: To find fi2), substitute 2 in
correct answer.
place of x in the equation which yieldsfi2) =- 2(2)
- 6.
This is the negative value of the solution = 6.
Simplifying the equation yields fi2) =- 4 - 6 or
Choice 8 is incorrect . This is the value of the

fi2) =- 10.
l/t2)1 is the absolute value ofJ(.2).
products of the solutions/roots which is (c/a).
The refore, l- 101 = 10.
Choice D is incorrect This is the negative value of
the solution x = 1/3.
TRIGONOMETRY
2. Level: Medium I Doma in: GEOMETRY AND
TRIGONOMETRY
Skill/Knowledge: Circles I Testing point :
trigonometry I Testing point: Using trigonometric
identities
Completing the square and using the equation of
a circle
I
Key Explanation: Choice B is correct. Converting Key Explanation: Choice B is correct. A system of
the tangent function to sine and cosine functions equations with no solution are systems that have
. sin(90-x) 0 • parallel lines and therefore have the san,e slope
)'lelds tan(90- x )0 = --'-----'-- 0 .Smee the
c.os(90- x ) and different y - infercepts. To find the slope and y -
sine of an angle is equal to the cosine of its intercept of the given equation) the equation has to
complementary angle and vice versa, be in the slope- intercept fonn y = mx + c.
sin x =cos (90 - x) and cos x =sin (90 - x). Subtracting - 6x from the equation yields
Substituting the equivalent identities yields - 3y = -6x + 2. Dividing - 3 from both sides of the
cosx
tan(90- x) =-- . Therefore, the correct answer equation yields y =2x - ! . The slope is 2 and the
sinx 3
is Choice B. . . 2
y - mtercept 1s - - .
3
Distractor Exp lanations: Choices A and C
Rewriting Choice C in slope intercept form
are incorrect and may result from solving the
yields y =2x + 4. Since it has the same slope and
1
equivalent identity of tan x and - - respectively. different y - intercept with the given line, both lines
tanx
are parallel and will have no solutions.
Choice D is incorrect and may result from solving
the equivalent identity of tan (- x) .
5. Level: Easy I Doma in: ALGEBRA The line has a different slope of ! , which makes
Skill/Know ledge: Linear functions I Testing 3
point: Meaning in context in linear equation the system have one solution. Choices C and D
are incor rect. Both lines have a slope of 2 and y-
Key Explanation: Choice C is correct. Alina earns
an interest monthly based on her deposit. This intercept is - which is the same as the given line.
3
makes the model equation for her savings account
Hence, both lines are collinear which makes the
linear. 7.684 in this context, is the amount of
system have infinite solutions.
interest she earns monthly which can be obtained
by multiplying the interest rate with the principal
an1ount. This yields ( 6.8% x 113) =7.6&4. Thus 7. Level: Easy I Domain: ADVANCED MATH
making option C correct. Skill/Knowledge: Nonlinear functions I Testing
point: Solving for p(x) given x in a quadratic
function
The amount of interest earned after t months
would be represented by 7.6&4f. Choice B is
Key Explanation: To find p(2), substitute 2 in
incorrect. The total amount in the account after
place of x. This yields p(2) =2(2)' - 6(2) + 5.
I months would be represented by the function
Simplifying the equation yields p(2) =8 - 12 + 5
A(I). Choic.e D is inco rrect. The interest earned
or p(2) = I.
pe r year is S92.208.
6. Level: Medium I Domain: ALGEBRA 8. Level: Easy I Domain: ALGEBRA

Skill/Know ledge: Systems of two linear equations Skill/Knowledge: Linear equations in two
in two variables I Testing point: System of linear variables I Testing point: Finding the equation of
equations the line given two points

I
Key Exp lanat i on: Choi«: B is correct. To find the Distractor Explanations: Choic.es A and 8 are
equation of the line, first find the slope of the line. incorrect The graph of th ese equations opens
Substituting (6, 5) and (0, 0) to the slope formula upwards since th e coefficient of x2 is positive.
5 Choice C is incorrect because the value of 1, is

m = Y, - Y, yields m = 0- = ~. Substituting the
x,-x, 0-6 6 negative.
slope to the slope - inte rcept form y =mx + b yields

5 10. Level: Easy I Domain: GEOMETRY AND
y =- x + b . Since th e line passes through th e
6 TRIGONOMETRY
origin, they - intercept is zero whic h means b = 0. Skill/Knowledge: Lines, angles and trian gles I
Hence) the equation of the line is y = x or Testing point: Using the sum of the interior
6 angles of a po lygon form ula
6y =5x, which makes B th e correct o ption .
Key Explanation: A quadrilateral is a four sided
Distrac .tor Explanations: Choice A is incorrect figure. The sum of the interior angles can be found
and may result from finding the equation of the by 180(11 - 2) where II is the number of sides.
line that passes through the origin an d point Substituting 4 yields 180(4 - 2) = 360°.
(5, 6). Choices C and D are incorrect . These lines Adding the given angles yields
do not pass throug h th e origin and point (6, 5). x+x+40+x+50+x - 10= 360.
Combining like terms yields 4x + 80 =360.
9. Level: Easy I Domain: ADVANCED MATH Subtracting 80 from both sides of the equation
Skill/Knowledge: Nonlinear functions I Testing yields 4x + 80 - 80 =360 - 80 or 4x =280.
point; Determining a quadratic equation from its Dividing both si des of the equation by 4 yields
graph X= 70°.
Key Exp lanati on: Choice D is correct The grap h

11. Level: Medium I Domain: GEOMETRY AN D
opens downwards and this makes a (the coefficient
TRIGONOMETRY
of x2-) negative . Hence. the possible answer is
either c,hoice C or D . To determine which is
trigonometry I Testing point: Using
correct between cboice C and choice D. check the
SOHCA HTOA in similar right trian gles
-b
value of I, for each equation using the formu la -
2a Key Explanation: Choic.e A is correct. Triangle
where b is the coefficient of x. Since the vertex of ABD and Triangle ACD are similar right t riang les.
th e graph is in the first quadrant , then I, must be This makes angle CAD and angle DBA equal.
positive. Solving I, in Choice C yields -{ ~) or Therefore , sin CAD= sin DBA.

2(-2 )
0 AD AD
Since sin DBA = - = - • then sin CAD= -
- ~ . Hence , Choke C is incor rect. Solving 1, in H BD BD
2
choice D yields 1 i.
2
6
; ) or Therefore , Choice D
BD is th e hypotenuse for t riang le ABD which
can be calc ulated using Pythago rean Theorem
a' + b' =c' , where a and b are the legs and c is
is the correct answer.
the hypoten use of th e right triangle. Applying
I
this to triangle ABD yields AB' + AD'= BD' . 14. Level: Hard I Domain: PROBLEM-SOLVING
Substituti n g th e values of AB and AD yields AND DATA ANALYSIS
10' + 24' = BD'. Simplifying the left side of th e Skill/Knowledge: Probability and conditional
equation yields 676 = BD'. Getting th e square root probability I Testing point: Calculating
of both sides of the equation yields ./676 = BD probabilities
or 26 = BD. Substituting the value of AD and BD
Key Exp lanation: Choice C is correct
AD 24
to sin CAD= - yieldssin CAD= - or sin Rain No rain
BD 26
Monday 43% 57%
12
CAD=- . Thursday 86% 14%
13
Probability is equal to one or 100% ( if in
Distractor Exp lanations: Choke B is incorrect. percentage form) , therefore the chance that it
This option is the value of tan CAD. Choi«: C is won't rain on Monday will be 100% - 43% = 57%.
incorrect. This option is the value of cos CAD. Since it is twice as likely to rain on Thursday
Choice D is incorrect. This option is the value of than on Monday, the chance that it will rain on
tan CDA. Thursday will be 2(43 %) = 86%. Hence , the chance
that it would not rain on Thursday is 100% - 86%
12. Level: Easy I Domain: ADVANCED MATH = 14% or 0.14.

Skill/Know ledge: Equivalent expressions I Distractor Explanations: Choice A is incorrect.
Testing point: Using th e distributive property This is the value of th e probability that it would
rain on Monday. Choice B is incorrect as this
Key Explanation: Choice B is correct Using
is th e chance that it wo uld not rain on Monday.
dist ribu tive property yields 7wp(2w ) + 7wp(S).
Choice D is incorrect as this is the chance that it
Simplifying the expression yields 14w'p + 35wp.
would rain on Thursday.
Distractor Exp lanations: Choices A, C, and D

calculation error.
variable and systems of equations in hvo variables
Testing point: Solving nonlinear inequalities
13. Level : Easy I Doma in: GEOMETRY AND
TRIGONOMETRY Key Explanation: Choice B is correct. To solve
Skill/Know ledge: Area and volume I Testing the following system) the bases have to be the
point: Using volumes of similar shapes same. Since 16 and 4 are multiples of 2, 16•
becomes 2u and 4x becomes 2?l:. This yields
Key Explanation: The ratio of volume of 2"
-,, > 2 . Since the terms on the left side of th e
sphe re A and sphe re Bis 27 : I. The ratio of the 2
radius wo uld be ifi5 : efi =3 : 1 . inequality are divided, their exponents will be
Sphere B has a radius of 4 cm. subtracted which will yield 2" -" > 2' or 2i. > 2' .
Applying the ratio of 3 : 1, this would make th e Since the bases are the same, then 2x > 6. Dividing
radius of sp here A 3 x 4 = 12. both sides of the inequality by 2 yields x > 3.
4 is the next integer greater than 3.

I
D istrac.tor Explanation s: Choi ces A) C, and D are Dis tractor Explanation s: Choice A is incor rect
inco rrect as they are all less than 3 or equal to 3. because this gives the volume of a cylinder
with the given parameters. Choke s C and D
are incorrect. These options may result from
16. Level : Hard I Domain : ADVANCED MATH
miscalcu lation or by using the wrong formula.
Skil l/Knowledge : Equivalent expressions I
Testing point : Matching coefficients and solving
systems of equations 18. Level: Easy I Domain : ALGEBRA
Skill/Knowledge : Linear equatio ns in two
Key Exp lanat i on: Using distrib utive property varia bles I Testing point: Finding the slope of a
yields 3ax - 3b + 4bx - 4a =x - 6. line from an equation
Gro uping like terrns yields (3a + 4b)x + (- 3b -
4a) =x - 6. Matching the coefficients of x and Key Explanation : Choice A is correct. To find
the constants to make two equations yields 3a + the slo pe of the line, rewrite the equation in s lope
4b = 1 and - 4a - 3b =- 6. Using the elimination intercept form y = mx + c, where m is the slope
method to find the value of a and b, multiply the and c is they- intercept. Adding 3y and subtracti n g
1• equation by 4 and th e 2'' equation by 3. This 6 from both sides of the equatio n yields 4x - 6 =
yields 4(3a + 4b = 1) or 12a + 16b =4 and 3 ( - 4a 3y. Dividing both sides of the equation by 3 yields
- 3b= - 6)or - 12a - 9b =- 18. Adding th e two 4 4
- x - 2 =y or y = - x - 2. Therefore, th e slope of
equations yields 7b =- 14. Dividing both sides of 3 3
th e equation by 7 yields b =- 2. Substit uting the . . 4
th e Ime1s - .
value of b lo th e 1• equation yields 3a + 4( - 2) 3
= I or 3a - 8 = I. Adding 8 to both sides of th e Dis tractor Explanations : Choice B is incor rect
equation yie lds 3a =9. Dividing both sides of the
because this is the coefficie nt of x when the
equation by 3 yields a =3.
equation of the line is in general form. Choic.es
C and D are incorrect and may result from a
17. Level: Easy I Domain : GEOMETRY AN D conceptual or calculation error.
TRIGONOMETRY
Skil l/Knowledge : Area and volume I Testing
19. Level: Medi um I Domain: GEOMETRY AN D
point: Finding th e volume of a cone
TR IGONOMETRY
Skill/Knowledge: Circles I Testing point :
Key Exp lanati on: Choke B is correct . The volume
Calc ulating angle measure give n arc length
ofa cone is give n by th e formula (½rrr /J)
2
Key Explanation: The arc length is a fraction of

where r is the radius and I, is the height. Sin ce
the circumference. The arc would thereforebe
th e height is 6 more than the radius, I,= 12 + 6
3,r 3
=8. Substi tutin g the values to th e form ula yields -- = - ·
20,r 20
.!.,r( J2)'(1 8)= 864,r . Multiplyin g it to the full an gle of a circle yields
3
3
- x360°=54° .
20
I
20. Level: Easy I Domain: PROBLEM SOLVING 22. Level: Medium I Domain: ALGEBRA
AND DATA ANALYSIS Skill/Knowledge: Linear inequalities in one or
Skill/Know ledge: Ratios, rates, proportional two variables I Testing point: Solving for a linear
relationships , and units I Testing point: Using inequality
inverse proportions
Key Explanation : Choice D is correct. Using
Key Explanation: Choice B is correct The distributive prope rty yields - 3x - 6 < 2x - 16.
Adding 6 and subtracting 2x from both sides of
price per student would be "iij.If 28 students the inequality yields - 3x - 6 - 2x + 6 < 2x - 16
paid before the day of the trip, then this can be + 6 - 2x - Sx < - 10. Dividing both sides of the
p 28p 14 inequality by - 5 yields x > 2. Since 3 is greater
repr esented by - x 28 = - or - .
30 30 !Sp than 2, it is the correct answer.
Distractor Explanations: Choices A and Care Distractor Explanations: Choices A, B and Care
incorrect and may result from assuming that p is incorrect. These values are less than or equal to 2.
the price per student. Choice D is incorrect and
may result from solving the price per student.

TRIGONOMETRY
Skill/Know ledge: Circles I Testing point: Finding
the equation of a circle
Key Explanation: Choice C is correct.

The standard form of the equation of a circle is
(x - h)' + (y - k)' = r', where (11, k) is the center of
the circle and r is the radius. Substituting the given
data yields (x + 3)2 + (y - 5)2 = 6 2•
Expanding the equation yields
x' + 6x + 9 + y' - IOy + 25 = 36.
Subtracting 36 from both sides of the equation
yields x' + 6x + y' - I Oy + 34 - 36 = 0.
Matching the constant in x' + 6x + y' - IOy - 2 =
ax'+ bx+ cy' + dy+ eyields e = - 2.
Distractor Explanations: Choic.es A and D

are incorrect These options may result from
conceptual errors. Choice B is incorrect. This
is the value of r = @ = 36, however it is not the
value of e.

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Ms Anh Day Sat 5 Practice Tests For Digital Sat

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What experts say about this book!

- Vaibhav Sharma SAT Math Coach

- Kelley Wilson , School Librar y Media Specialist, Brandywin e High School

- Motz Maria, Purc hasing Dept School Board Sarasota County

5 full -length tests

Module-wise tests as per

Questions according to the

SAT• is a trademark registered by the College Board, which is

Paperback ISBN 10 : 1-63651- 157-0

Library of Congress Control Number : 2022951781

PJease email feedback/corrections (technical, grammatical or spelling) to s-pelle.rrors @vibrantpub lishe.rs.com

To access the complete cataJogue of Vibrant Publishers.. visit www.vibrantpublishe.rs.com

Chapter 4 Practice Test 3 161

Chapter 6 Practice Test 5 317

- Vibran t Publishers Team

Math PracticeTests Winning Strategies

For the most updated list of books visit

Good luck on your SAT jo urney!

About the Digital SAT®

Customized Test DeliveryPlatfonn

PracticeTestsfor the DigitalSAT 2

Readingand Writing Math Total Score

Between 200-800 Between 200 -800 Between 400- 1600

Digital SAT Su ite: Overall Test Specifications

Characterist ic Reading and Writing sect io n Math section

Number of questions 54 questions ; 25 q uestions in each 44 q uestions; 20 questions in each

Time 64 minutes 70 minutes

Time per q uestion 1.19 minutes 1.59 minutes

Time per module 32 minutes 35 minutes

PracticeTestsfor the DigitalSAT 4

Total Time Allotted

Average nme Per Question

• You can now use calculators throughout the Math section .

What is Staying the Same

PracticeTestsfor the DigitalSAT 6

2. How will students take the digital SAT?

3. How will the Digital SAT be more secure?

• Flag questions to come back to them later

• A reference sheet, for each math question .

Content Domain SkiWKnowledge Question distribution

Craft and Structure • Words in Context 13-15 questions (28%)

• Text Structure and Purpose

• Cross •Text Connections

fapression of Ideas • Rhetorical Synthesis 8- 12 questions (20%)

Standard English Conventions • Boundaries 11-15 questions (26%)

• Form ) Structure, and Sense

PracticeTestsfor the DigitalSAT 8

What choice most logically completes the underlined space'

B) the Society for the Conservation of Birds in Brazil cannot do much

C) the rainforest is under extreme thre.at from human development

Content Domain SkiWKnowledge Questio n Distribution

Algebra • Linearequations in one variable 13· 15 questions (35%)

• Linearequations in two variables

Advanced Math • Equivalent expressions 13- 15 questions (35%)

• Nonlinear equations in one variable and

• Probability and conditional probability

• Inference from sample statistics and margin

• Evaluatingstatistical claims: observational

Geometry and • Area and volume 5-7 questions ( 15%}