UDC SH

Industrial Standard of the People’s Republic of China

P SH 3004-1999

Design Code for Heating, Ventilation and Air

Conditioning in Petrochemical Industry

石油化工采暖通风与空气调节设计规范
Issued on April 15, 1999 Implemented as of September 1, 1999

Issued by The State Bureau of Petroleum & Chemical Industry

Industrial Standard of the People's Republic of China
SH3004 - 1999

Design Code for Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning in Petrochemical

Industry

Prepared by: Lanzhou Design Institute of China Petrochemical Group

Corporation
Edited and Compiled by: China Petrochemical Group Corporation
Approved by: State Bureau of Petroleum and Chemical Industry

1999, Beijing
Introduction
This Code is provided on the basis of the revisions made to the original edition of "Design Code for
Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning in Petrochemical Industry " by our Institute with the participation
of Beijing Petrochemical Engineering Company according to the Notice of Document No. Jian-Bia-Zi -
269 issued by China Petrochemical Group Corporation.

This Code is divided into 5 chapters and 3 appendixes. The main contents of this revision are as follows:

1. The provisions in the original code which are not adaptive to the national current codes are revised, such
as the classification of explosion hazardous areas, the positive pressure values of positive-pressure type
explosion-proof electrical equipment, the gas emission standards, air duct materials for ventilation and air
conditioning, etc., so as to make them comply with the national current standards.

2. According to the gist of "Several Provisions for Plant Design of China Petrochemical Group
Corporation", clauses in terms of the reductions in personnel, land coverage and investment, saving energy,
etc., have been revised and added.

3. Taking into account the wide applications of the Distributed Control System (DCS) in the petrochemical
projects, the experience in the design of the air conditioning for the DCS control room has been summed
up, and the clauses in terms of the environmental conditions for DCS control room, the control and
operation of air conditioning system, the air current composition, etc., have been added and revised.

4. A part of the clauses regarding safety aspects have been added and revised, such as the centralized
monitoring and control of the major ventilation and air conditioning units and stand by of the equipment,
the interlocks of the air conditioning units of DCS control room with the fire automatic alarm system, the
exhaust of the rooms equipped with the full gas submerging fire fighting system, etc.

5. Those clauses in the original code which are seldom used or difficult to function, are cancelled or
modified, such as heating with steam-ejection hot water, the recycle of condensate for the steam heating
system, diffusive explosion hazardous substances or harmful gases and vapor, and distribution of overall
exhaust rate for the plant buildings, etc.

During revision, wide surveys and studies have been made based on the problems existing in the original
code, the practical experiences of the recent years in the design of heating, ventilation and air conditioning
in the petrochemical industry have been summed up, the comments on the relevant design, construction,
operations, etc., have been asked for, the major problems found have been discussed several times and the
code is finalized after review is made.

In case any modification and supplementation is found necessary during the implementation of this Code,
please provide the comments and relevant information to our institute, so that the reference can be made to
for later revision of this Code.

Address of our institute: 1, Fuli West Road, Xigu District, Lanzhou City,

Gansu Province Post Code: 730060

This code is mainly prepared by Lanzhou Design Institute, China Petrochemical Group Corporation with
the participation of Beijing Petrochemical Engineering Company, China Petrochemical Corporation

Key Draftsman: Jiang Weihan, Chi Chunlin, Shi Qiuhe and Bao Changwei
CONTENTS

1. General Principles.........................................................................................................................7

2. Heating..........................................................................................................................................7

2.1 General Provisions..............................................................................................................7

2.2 Heating System...................................................................................................................8

3. Ventilation...................................................................................................................................10

3.1 General Provisions............................................................................................................10

3.2 Natural Ventilation............................................................................................................12

3.3 Mechanical Ventilation.....................................................................................................12

3.4 Emergency Ventilation......................................................................................................16

3.5 Equipment and Air Ducts..................................................................................................18

4. Air Conditioning.........................................................................................................................19

4.1 General Provisions............................................................................................................19

4.2 Calculation of Loads.........................................................................................................21

4.3 System Design..................................................................................................................22

5. Fire Prevention and Explosion Protection...................................................................................25

5.1 Fire Prevention and Explosion Protection of HVAC System............................................25

5.2 Fire Prevention and Explosion Protection of Ventilation and Air Conditioning System...26

5.3 Plenums............................................................................................................................29

5.4 Positive Draft for Motors.................................................................................................30

Appendix A - Calculated Indoor Temperatures for Heating in Winter............................................32

Appendix B - Numbers of Air Changes for Petrochemical Shops..................................................34

Appendix C - Numbers of Air Changes for Plenums......................................................................36

Notes of Wording............................................................................................................................36

Attachment : Explanatory Notes

1. General Principles

1.0.1 This Code is established for the purpose of implementing the relevant national general and specific
policies in the design of heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) for the petrochemical
enterprises, so as to provide necessary conditions for safe production activities, improvement of labor
conditions, product quality assurance, environmental protection and rational utilization of resources.

1.0.2 This Code is applicable to the design of HVAC of the newly constructed, expanded and rebuilt
production plant buildings and annex buildings for the petrochemical enterprises.

1.0.3 The operation status and major parameters shall be centrally monitored and controlled for those
HVAC units which exerts relative significant effect on the production safety and product quality.

1.0.4 In the design, the full-tine or part-time specialized technical personnel and the operation and
maintenance personnel, as well as the appropriate testing instruments shall be specified according to the
quantity, importance and complexity level of the HVAC units.

1.0.5 During the implementation of this Code, the requirements set in the national current mandatory
standard "Design Code for Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning in Petrochemical Industry" and the
other relevant current standards and specifications shall be satisfied.

2. Heating

2.1 General Provisions

2.1.1 Centralized heating system shall be provided for the plant buildings and the annex buildings in the
regions where the number of days with a mean daily temperature for years constantly  5oC is greater than
90 days, and there are some people usually staying in rooms or certain requirements for room temperatures
made for the production.

2.1.2 Centralized heating system is allowed to provide for the plant buildings and annex buildings in the
regions where the number of days with a mean daily temperature for years constantly  5oC is 45 ~ 59 days,
and the mean RH value for the coldest months for years is equal to or greater than 75% and there are
operation personnel staying collectively and frequently, provided that there is waste heat in the plant area
that can be utilized and it is approved by the department in charge.

2.1.3 Centralized heating system is allowed to provide for plant buildings and annex buildings in the
regions other than that as specified in Clause 2.1.1 and Clause 2.1.2 of this Code when there are special
requirements for the ambient temperature made for production.

2.1.4 As for the production plant buildings provided with the centralized heating, when there in no special
requirements for the ambient temperature made for production and the building area used by each worker
does not exceed 100m2, it is not suggested to provide an overall heating, however, the local heating shall be
provided in the fixed work points, and when the work points are not fixed, the heating room shall be
provided.

2.1.5 The heating medium for the centralized heating shall be determined according to the economic and
technical evaluations on the heat supply conditions of the plant area. First of all, the waste heat of
production shall be utilized, and it is recommended to use hot water as heating medium, and when the
heating in plant area mainly uses the steam for production, the steam shall be used as the heating medium.
It is suggested to recycle the condensate.

2.1.6 In the design of centralized heating, the calculation of interior temperature in winter shall be made
and determined according to the factors of the purposes of rooms, production characteristics, labor
intensity, level of automation and mechanization, conditions of maintenance and personnel stay, etc. The
calculation of interior temperature for heating of the rooms of general production plant buildings and annex
buildings shall be made and determined according to Appendix A to this Code.

2.2 Heating System

2.2.1 Selection of heating systems shall comply with the following provisions:

(1). When hot water is used as heating medium, it is recommended to used a single pipeline system for the
multi-storey buildings.

(2). When steam is used as heating medium, it is recommended to use dual-piping system for supplying
steam with rises and distributing with downcomers.

2.2.2 Selection of radiators shall comply with the following provisions:

(1). It is recommended to use the radiators that are easy to be cleaned for the production plant buildings
with relatively high requirement for dust dispersion or dust proof.

(2). It is recommended to use the radiators made of iron casting for the production plant buildings in which
the corrosive gases are dispersed or the room relative humidity is high.

(3). It is recommended to use the radiators with a nice appearance for the administrative offices and the
rooms for the living and welfare purposes, laboratories, instrument control rooms, etc.

(4). The plate-type, flat- tubing type and steel-sheet pillar type radiators shall not be used in the steam
heating system.

2.2.3 Hot air heating shall be used when there is any of the following cases:

(1). No radiator is allowed to use for heating because of the special requirements for the production.

(2). The heating system can be combined with the mechanical air supply system.

(3). Due to large capacity of rooms, the other heating modes can not satisfy the requirements.

(4). It is economic and rational to utilize recycle air for heating.

Note: Heating with recycle air shall comply with the national current standard "Health Standard for
Design of Industrial Enterprises" and the stipulation of Clause 5.2.3 of this Code.

2.2.4 For the plant buildings with hot air heating system, when the production is carried out intermittently
and heating is required for the personnel on duty, it is recommended to use the combined heating (i.e. the
hot air heating for operation hours and radiators is used for heating during off-operation hours).

2.2.5 For the areas where the calculated outdoor temperature for ventilation in winter is lower than or equal
to -10oC, at least, two systems or the one system with two fans shall be provided for the hot air heating with
full fresh air. When either system or either fan in the system is in failure, the minimum capacity for fresh air
and heating shall be maintained.
2.2.6 When the design is made for the up and down through heating for multi-storey plant building, the hot
air ascending effect shall be taken into account, and the vertical distribution of heat supply rate shall be
descended from bottom to top.

Note: As for the installation openings with covers they shall not be regarded as up and down through
arrangement.

2.2.7 It is suggested to use the metal radiation plates for the local heating within the areas of plant buildings
or for the local work points, however, when it is verified to be reasonable through economic and technical
comparisons, it can be used for overall heating.

When hot water is used as heat medium, the average temperature of hot water shall not be lower than
110oC. When steam is used as heat medium, the steam pressure shall be  0.4MPa and shall not be <
0.2MPa. The temperature of heat medium shall also comply with the stipulation of Clause 5.1.1 of this
Code.

2.2.8 The hot water pipeline or steam pipeline for heating purpose and the hot water pipeline and steam
pipeline for the production and living purposes shall be run separately within same building. The pipelines
for radiator heating system shall be lain separately from that for the hot air heating system or that for the
heating systems of ventilation and air conditioning.

2.2.9 For the rooms with corrosive gases, the corrosion protective measures shall be take to protect the
surfaces of piping and radiators.

2.2.10 The heating-purpose pipelines shall be insulated when there is one of the following cases:

(1). Pipelines are laid in the trench, ceiling, non-heating room or the places subject to freezing.

(2). Rooms or locations require insulation to be made on the passing-through pipelines.

(3). Non-beneficial heat loss of pipelines is relatively great.

3. Ventilation

3.1 General Provisions

3.1.1 For the petrochemical production plants in which the harmful substances and explosion hazardous
substances, comprehensively protective and control measures shall be taken in the designs in terms of
process, plot-plan, architecture, equipment, ventilation, etc.

3.1.2 Adoption of Non-toxicity or low-toxicity production processes shall be taken into account in the
process design. The tightness of production plants that probably diffuse and leak harmful substances shall
be strengthened, and operations of mechanization and automation shall be used.

The production process with highly toxic substances shall be performed under the operation conditions of
tightness or under back pressure. Automation or blocked operation shall be used.

3.1.3 The production plants that diffuse the explosion-hazardous substance shall be installed in open air.
When they have to be installed in plant buildings, the open-type or semi-open type buildings shall be used.

3.1.4 The layout of plant buildings and the production processes that disperse the harmful substances shall
comply with the following requirements:
(1). The production processes which disperse extremely toxic, highly toxic and relatively toxic substances,
shall be laid out in a same building which shall be blocked.

(2). The operation and maintenance zones shall be defined clearly, and the operation zone shall be set out
nearby the exterior windows.

(3). It is necessary to avoid using multi-span plant building.

(4). In the multi-storey buildings, the production processes which diffuse heat and harmful gases, shall be
arranged on the upper floors. When it is necessary to arrange them on the lower floors, the measures to
protect the air of the upper storeys from contamination shall be taken.

(5). For the plant buildings with the natural ventilation, the dispersing sources of heat and harmful
substances shall be arranged under the scuttles or nearby the air vents.

Note: The extremely toxic substances refer to the substances for which the

max. permissible concentration of harmful substances in the air of

shop is smaller than 0.1mg/m3, e.g. lead tetraethyl, Hg and its compound,

yellow phosphorus, etc.

 The highly toxic substances refer to the substances for which the max.

permissible concentration of harmful substances in the air of shop is

0.1 ~1mg/m3, e.g. chlorine, fluorine, Cymag, etc.

 The relatively toxic substances refer to the substances for which the max.

permissible concentration of harmful substances in the air of shop is

greater than 1mg/m3, e.g. acetonitrile, hydrogen chloride,

nitrogen oxide, etc.

3.1.5 The plant buildings for production of extremely toxic and highly toxic substances shall not be laid out
in valleys, basins or on the leeward slopes at the max. yearly frequency of wind.

3.1.6 The control rooms and night shift rooms for the plant buildings diffusing harmful substances shall be
arranged on the downwind side of the min. yearly frequency of wind.

As for the production plant buildings mainly depending on natural ventilation shall be arranged according
to the wind direction which is favorable to natural ventilation in summer.

3.1.7 The concentration of harmful gases, vapor and dust in the air supplied to the shops through
mechanical ventilation system shall not exceed 30% of the max. permissible concentration of harmful
substances. When it is exceeded, air shall be taken from the clean area, or the air purification devices shall
be provided.

3.1.8 The content of harmful substances in the air vented to the atmosphere shall comply with the
requirements specified in the current national standards "Health Standard for Design of Industrial
Enterprises", "Standard for Environmental Air Quality" and "Integrated Emission Standard of Air
Pollutants". When the requirement can not be met, effective purification measures shall be taken.
3.1.9 The local exhaust shall be first used for the plant in which diffusing heat, vapor or harmful substances
are dispersed. When the local exhaust fails to meet the requirement, the overall exhaust shall be used as an
auxiliary means, or used instead.

3.1.10 In the design of local exhaust or overall exhaust, natural ventilation shall be used first. In case the
nature ventilation can not meet the requirements, the mechanical ventilation shall be used as an auxiliary
means or used instead.

3.1.11 For the plant buildings diffusing dusts, the appropriate dust removing units shall be provided in
accordance with production characteristics and dust properties.

3.1.12 The overall ventilation capacity shall be determined using one of the following methods:

(1). To be determined with calculation made according to the diffusive harmful substances in the plant
building.

a). When harmful substances, waste heat and waste moisture are diffused simultaneously, max. air rate
required by any of them shall be worked out through calculation.

b). When vapor of several kinds of solvents (benzene and its homologens, or alcohols or amyl acetates) or
several kinds of irritating gases (sulfur trioxide, sulfur dioxide or hydrogen fluoride and its salts, etc.) are
diffused simultaneously, the sum of air volume required to dilute each kind of gas respectively to the max.
permissible concentration shall be based on for calculations. As for the other harmful substances which are
diffused simultaneously in the air, it is only necessary to make calculations on the basis of the harmful
substance which requires max. air rate.

(2). To be determined according to the actually measured dada of the same type or similar type of the plant
buildings under production conditions.

(3). When it is not possible to determine the ventilation capacity according to Point (1) and Point (2), it can
be determined according to the number of air changes specified in Appendix B to this Code, based on the
factors of the volume of plant building, density of equipment arrangement, the level of advanced
equipment, perfection degree of safety facilities, etc.

3.2 Natural Ventilation

3.2.1 It is only necessary to make the calculation according to the thermal pressure effect for the natural
ventilation of the production plant buildings and annex buildings which diffuse heat.

3.2.2 Doors and windows shall be fully used as the air inlet and outlet for the natural ventilation. When the
requirement can not be satisfied, funnel caps, scuttles or the openings which can be shut off shall be used.

3.2.3 The air current composition of natural ventilation shall not allowed the contaminated air flow to be
led to the non-contaminated area and shall not affect the control airflow for local exhaust.

3.2.4 The production plant buildings that make use of scuttles for exhaust, shall be provided with sheltered
scuttles when one of the following conditions is complied with:

(1). They are in the hot area (the mean temperature for the hottest months in years is higher or equal to
28oC) with the indoor heat radiation greater than 23W/m3.

(2). For the other areas, the indoor heat radiation greater than 35W/m3
3.2.5 It is prohibited to use nature ventilation for the production plant buildings which diffuse extremely
toxic substances.

The natural ventilation shall not be used for the production plant buildings with the surrounding air
seriously contaminated with dust or the other harmful substances.

3.3 Mechanical Ventilation

3.3.1 Interior positive pressure shall be maintained for the rooms which are required to have clean air, and
it is recommended that the exhaust air rate is 80% ~ 90% of the supply air rate. Back pressure shall be
maintained for the rooms which diffusing dust and harmful gases, and it is recommended that the supply air
rate is 80% ~ 90% of the exhaust air rate.

When it is required to connect the rooms with different degrees of air cleanness and with doors (openings)
open and through, airflow shall be allowed to pass through from the cleaner rooms to the rooms with
relatively serious contaminated air.

3.3.2 For the overall or local exhaust system, the air shall be exhausted directly from the point that the
harmful substances are dispersed or from the zone indoors that is most seriously contaminated. The
contaminated airflow is not allowed to pass through the operation zones and the zones where the people
usually stay.

3.3.3 For the plant buildings in which explosion hazardous substances or harmful gases and vapor are
dispersed, when it is not so easy to determine the dispersing points of harmful substances, the distribution
of overall air exhaust capacity shall comply with the following requirements:

(1). When diffused gases or vapor is lighter than the indoor air, or although they are heavier than indoor air,
the sensible heat diffused within the plant building for whole year shall constitute a stable uprising airflow,
it is recommended to discharge 2/3 of the total exhaust volume from the upper zones while 1/3 of the total
exhaust volume from the lower zones.

(2). When diffused gases or vapor is heavier than the indoor air, and the sensible heat diffused by the plant
building shall not constitute a stable uprising airflow, or diffused volatile liquids (e.g. benzene, diethyl
ether, LPG, etc.) absorb heat from the air during volatilization, as a result, gases or vapor settled and
accumulated in the lower zones. Therefore, it is recommended to discharge 2/3 of total exhaust air volume
from the lower zones while 1/3 of the total exhaust air volume from the upper zones.

(3). For the plant buildings, when the height of rooms is  6m, or the area of rooms is  150m2, or the
number of air changes is  8 times, and the requirements set in the above Point (1) of this clause are
satisfied, it is necessary to exhaust air only from the upper zones, and when the requirements set in the
above Point 2) of this clause are satisfied, it is necessary to exhaust air only from the lower zones.

Notes: The gases or vapor with a relative density  0.75 are specified as the gases lighter than air
while the gases or vapor with a relative density > 0.75 are specified as the gases heavier than air.

 The zone within 2m above ground is regarded as the lower zone.

 The air exhaust volume of the upper and lower zones shall include the local exhaust volume within
the zones.

 For the plant building diffusing explosion hazardous gases or vapor, in case of upper zone exhaust
the distance between the upper rim of exhaust air outlet and the ceiling shall not be greater than
0.4m.

 In case of lower zone exhaust, the distance between the lower rim of exhaust air outlet and the
floor shall not be greater than 0.3m.

 Within the multi-span plant buildings diffusing harmful but non-explosion hazardous gases or
vapor, air volume is only distributed to the sections which diffuse harmful gases or vapor according
to the above provisions.

3.3.4 For the underground and semi-underground production rooms or pits with a depth > 2m where the
explosion hazardous substances or toxic gases or vapor may probably accumulated, mechanical ventilation
shall be provided and it is recommended to have 6 times/h of air changes.

3.3.5 Local air exhausting cowls shall be provided at the diffusing points of harmful substances (e.g.
material charging doors, discharging outlets, etc.). It is recommended to use closed-type exhausting cowls
which are integrated with the process equipment.

3.3.6 Technical and economic demonstrations shall be made to decide whether purification treatment or
discharging through high stack shall be used for the air discharged from the local exhaust system and
containing extremely toxic substances.

3.3.7 When the exhaust air from the local exhaust system belongs to one of the following cases, high air-
relief stack or high-velocity air flow (ejection discharge) shall be used to discharge it to and above the
shadow area of aerodynamics and the positive pressure zones of buildings.

(1). Containing extremely toxic substances or the substances with very awful odor.

(2). It is located in non-explosive dangerous area, and exhaust air contains relatively high concentration of
explosion hazardous substances.

Note:  The aerodynamic shadow area of buildings refers to the back pressure zone (static pressure
is smaller than the atmospheric pressure) which is resulted from that the outdoor atmospheric
airflow impacts the windward side of building, causing airflow bending phenomenon, as a result, the
static pressure at roof and the lee side of the building is decreased.

 The positive pressure zone of building refers to the area on the windward side of building where
the static pressure is higher than the atmospheric pressure due to the impacting effect of atmospheric
airflow.

3.3.8 For the production plant buildings in which the explosion hazardous substances or highly toxic
substances, when the horizontal distance between the vent of overall exhaust system and the air inlet of
mechanical air handling system is greater or equal to 20m, the vent outlet shall be higher than 1m above the
roof of building, and when it is smaller than 20m, it shall be higher than 6m above the air inlet.

3.3.9 The air exhaust systems for the following rooms shall be arranged separately:

(1). The rooms diffusing explosion hazardous substances and the general rooms;

(2). The rooms diffusing extremely toxic substances, the rooms diffusing highly toxic substances and the
rooms diffusing relatively toxic substances.

3.3.10 When the exhaust air contains two or more types of substances and one of the following cases may
occur after they mixed, their local exhaust systems shall be set up separately.
(1). To cause fire or explosion;

(2). To generate more harmful mixture or compound;

(3). To tend to settle or condensate.

3.3.11 When it belongs to one of the following cases, the automatic change-over stand-by ventilators shall
be provided, and the operation status indication signals of ventilators shall be provided in the control room,
operation room or the local work point.

(1). The local exhaust and overall exhaust system of the plant building diffusing extremely toxic
substances;

(2). The local exhaust system for removing the highly toxic substances in the air.

3.3.12 The power supply load class of the exhaust system for removing air containing extremely toxic
substances and highly toxic substances shall be the same as that for the process.

3.3.13 Air inlet positions of mechanical ventilation system shall comply with the following requirements:

(1). It shall be set up at the location with relatively clean outdoor air, and the provision of Clause 3.1.7 of
this Code shall be complied with.

(2). It is recommended to position the air inlet on the windward side of the exhaust outlet and be lower than
the exhaust outlet.

(3).The distance between the bottom of air inlet and the outdoor ground shall not be less than 2m. When it
is located in the green zone, it shall not be less than 1m.

(4). Air inlet for lowering temperature shall be positioned in the shade of buildings

3.3.14 The natural air make up shall be used or the mechanical make-up air system shall be set up for the
production plant buildings and annex buildings provided with centralized heating and exhaust system. It is
not necessary to provide mechanical make-up air system for the local exhaust system which only runs for
less than 2h per shift.

3.3.15 Air supply system for the production plant buildings diffusing harmful gases or vapor shall supply
the air to the work zones.

Supplying air to work zones shall accelerate the volatilization, diffusion and dispersion of harmful
substances. Therefore, the air supply for production plant buildings diffusing harmful substances or dusts
shall be arranged to handle the air to the upper zones.

3.3.16 The dust removal system shall not be too big in size, and shall be divided and provided according to
the process production line. Its exhaust capacity shall be calculated based on that all air inlet points of the
system are running simultaneously.

The dust removal system set up according to the production line shall be provided with program-control
interlock, i.e. the dust removal system shall be started before the start up of production line and shall be
stopped after the shout down of production line.

3.3.17 Recovery or treatment measures shall be taken to dispose the dusts or the waste water containing
dusts, collected by or discharged from the dust removal equipment.
3.4 Emergency Ventilation

3.4.1 Emergency exhaust devices shall be provided for the production plant buildings in which a large
quantity of harmful gases or explosion hazardous gases may probably generated or dispersed suddenly.

3.4.2 Emergency exhaust rate shall be determined through calculations according to the nature and
diffusing rate of the harmful gases or explosion hazardous gases. When there is a lack of information, it can
be calculated on the total number of air changes for the normal exhaust and the emergency exhaust not less
than 8 times/ h.

Notes:  The fire danger for production is classified as five classes, i.e. Classes A, B, C, D and E, and
it shall be implemented according to the current national standard "Fire Protection Specifications
for Building Design".

 When the emergent exhaust air rate is determined on the basis of number of air changes, the room
volume shall be calculated according to the provision in Appendix B to this Code.

3.4.3 Setting up of emergency exhaust system shall comply with the following provisions:

(1). When the normal exhaust system can satisfy the requirement for the emergency exhaust air rate, it is
not necessary to provide an additional emergency exhaust system.

(2). When the normal exhaust system does not satisfy the requirement for the emergency exhaust rate, an
emergency exhaust system shall be provided additionally according to the deficiency in the exhaust rate.

(3). When there is no exhaust system available for usual use, an emergency exhaust system shall be
provided.

(4). The total number of exhaust systems shall not be less than two.

3.4.4 When it is not possible to use ventilator in the emergency exhaust system to exhaust explosion
hazardous gases or vapor, the induced draftexhaust system or forced blower type emergency ventilation
system shall be used.

3.4.5 The induced draftinlet for emergency exhaust shall be located at the point where the diffusion volume
of explosion hazardous gases or harmful gases and vapor is probably the maximum.

For the diffused flammable gases or vapor lighter than the air, the induced draftinlet shall be located close
to the roof, and the distance between its upper rim and roof shall not be greater than 0.4m.

When the normal exhaust system is also used for the emergency exhaust, it is suggested to set up certain
number of induced draftinlets nearby the equipment where the emergency cases may probably occur.

3.4.6 The arrangement of exhaust outlets for the emergency exhaust shall comply with the following
provisions:

(1). The exhaust outlets shall not be set up at the places where people often stay or often pass by.

(2). When the horizontal distance between the exhaust outlets and the air inlets of the mechanical air supply
system is smaller than 20m, the outlets shall be 6m higher than the air inlets.

(3). When the discharged air containing flammable gases or vapor, the exhaust outlets shall be more than
20m away from the ignition source.

(4). The exhaust outlets shall not face towards the zones where the dispersion is not so easy.
3.4.7 In the design of emergency exhaust, when the requirements set in Clause 3.4.6 of this Code is
satisfied, it is possible to set up axial type ventilators on the exterior wall (or exterior windows) or roof
ventilators on the roof to vent the air to the outside, however, airflow by-passing shall be prevented.

3.4.8 No emergency exhaust shall be provided for plant buildings diffusing extremely toxic substances.
When it is necessary to provide it, Clause 3.3.6 of this Code shall be observed.

3.4.9 Emergency exhaust system shall be provided for the rooms equipped with the full-gas fire
suppression system, and comply with the following requirements:

(1). The distance between the bottom rim of air inlet and ground shall not be greater than 0.3m.

(2). The exhaust rate shall be determined by calculation based on the types of extinguishing agents and the
ventilation time required for dilution, however, it shall not be less than 4 times/h of air changes.

(3). Valves shall be provided on the exhaust manifold and their opening and closing shall be corresponding
to the start and stop of the ventilators.

Note: When this clause is implemented, it is not necessary to be abided by Point (4) of Clause 3.4.3 of
this Code.

3.4.10 The electrical switches of the ventilators for emergency ventilation shall be set up respectively
outdoors and indoors at the points accessible for operation, and the power supply load class shall be the
same as that for the process.

3.4.11 When the detection and alarm devices for toxic gases or flammable gases are provided for the plant
buildings diffusing the highly toxic substances or explosion hazardous substances, it is recommended to
interlock these detection and alarm devices with the emergency ventilators.

3.4.12 It is not necessary to set up the make-up air system for the normal building emergency exhaust.
However, the enclosed rooms without windows shall be provided with a mechanical make-up air system,
and the emergency exhaust system shall be interlocked with the make-up air system.

3.5 Equipment and Air Ducts

3.5.1 Selection of ventilators shall be made according to the characteristics of the medium which they
handle, and the following requirements:

(1). When the temperature is higher than 80oC, the high-temperature resistant ventilators shall be selected.

(2). When the air contains corrosive substances, the corrosion-resistant ventilators shall be selected.

(3). When the air contains explosion hazardous substances, the explosion-proof ventilators shall be
selected.

(4). When the air contains extremely toxic substances, the special ventilators with good tightness
performance shall be selected.

(5). When the dust concentration is greater than 100mg/m 3 or the air contains granular dust and fibers, the
dust removal ventilators shall be selected.

3.5.2 When two or more than two sets of ventilators are used in a ventilation system in serial or in parallel,
their type and property shall be the same.

3.5.3 The cross-sectional area of air ducts shall be selected according to the current standard "Calculation
Table for Countrywide General Ventilation Air Ducts"

3.5.4 The corresponding corrosion-resistant measures shall be taken for the ventilation equipment, air ducts
and fittings according to the medium they handle and their locations.

3.5.5 It is recommended to use circular steel air ducts in the dust removal system. Their connections and
joints shall be tight. The air ducts shall be run vertically or with inclination (at an included angle larger than
45o to the level). The cleaning holes with tight covers shall be provided nearby the special-shaped fittings
where the dust tends to be accumulated.

3.5.6 Air ducts used to remove the air containing extremely toxic substances are prohibited to pass through
other rooms and passages.

The air ducts used for removing the air containing highly toxic substances shall not pass through other
rooms. In case they have to pass the other rooms, this section of the air duct shall be under the back
pressure and the piping shall be made by welded without any valve.

It is suggested that the air ducts used for removing the air containing relatively toxic substances not pass
through other rooms.

3.5.7 The forced draft blower room serves the plant buildings diffusing extremely toxic or highly toxic
substances shall be set up separately.

3.5.8 The local exhaust equipment used for removing the air containing extremely toxic substances shall be
laid out in a separated room.

The local exhaust equipment used for removing the air containing highly toxic substances shall be laid out
separately from the general exhaust equipment. It is suggested to set up such equipment in a separated
room which is isolated from the production plant building that it serves, or outdoors.

4. Air Conditioning

4.1 General Provisions

4.1.1 Air conditioning shall be provided for the following plant buildings and rooms when the general
heating and ventilation used for them can not meet the requirements for the room temperature, relative
humidity, etc.

(1). Production plant building which is required by the production process to have special requirements for
the indoor temperature and humidity.

(2). Rooms which has relatively high requirements of use, such as Distributed Control System (hereinafter
referred to as DCS) control room, conventional instrumentation control room, laboratories, precise
equipment and apparatus rooms, etc.

(3). Rooms which are not allowed to open doors and windows usually due to severe surrounding
environmental conditions.

4.1.2 Under the conditions of meeting the demand on use, the areas of air-conditioned room shall be
minimized as possible as it can. Wherever the requirements can be satisfied by using local air conditioning
or local area air conditioning, all room air conditioning shall not be used. When the different cardinal
numbers of air conditioning used for winter and summer can satisfy the requirement of use, the different
cardinal numbers of room temperature and humidity shall be used respectively.

4.1.3 It is suggested to make a centralized arrangement for the air-conditioned rooms. The process
production equipment, instrumentation, etc., which have the same requirement for the cardinal numbers of
room temperature and humidity and the precision, shall be laid out in the same air-conditioned room. Air-
conditioned rooms having similar requirements for the cardinal numbers of room temperature and humidity
shall be arranged adjacently.

4.1.4 Air-conditioned rooms shall not be laid out nearby the locations where there is relatively high
vibration and noise and a large quantity of dust, and corrosive gases are generated

4.1.5 It is allowed to arrange cabinet type air conditioner in the air-conditioned rooms, provided that the
requirements for noise, vibration, waterproof, air current composition, etc., are satisfied.

4.1.6 It is recommended to select and use package units of air conditioning unit and refrigeration unit with
the machine, electrical and instrumentation integrated.

4.1.7 The temperature, humidity and cleanness of air-conditioned rooms shall be determined according to
the requirements for production process plant, instrumentation and control equipment, analysis and testing
apparatus and the requirements for health.
For the control rooms that have no special requirements, the temperature, humidity and max. permissible
concentration of harmful substances shall be decided according to Table 4.1.7.

Table 4.1.7 Temperature, Humidity and Max. Permissible Concentration of Harmful

Substances for Control Room

Operation Rooms Conventional DCS Control

Conditions Instrument Room
Control Room
Items

Operation Temperature Winter 18~20oC 202 oC

Summer 25~30oC 262 oC

Variation Rate  < 5oC

Relative Winter 40%~70% 50% 10%

Humidity Summer

Variation Rate  < 6%/h

Shut down Temperature  10~32oC

Relative Humidity  20% ~ 80%

Any Max. Permissible Dust 0.2 0.2

Operation Concentration of
H2S  0.015
Conditions Harmful Substances
SO2  0.15
(mg/m3)
4.1.8 The air-conditioned rooms which do not diffuse any harmful substances, shall be maintained at a
positive pressure, and its positive pressure shall greater than 50Pa.

4.1.9 The refrigerating mode of man-made refrigerating source for the air conditioning shall be selected and
determined based on the technical and economic evaluations and comparisons according to the conditions
of refrigerating output, power supply, water supply, heat source, purposes of buildings, etc. When one of
the conditions is satisfied, the thermodynamic type refrigeration should be used.

(1). The waste heat resource is available in the plant.

(2). There is a surplus of heat supply capacity in summer.

4.2 Calculation of Loads

4.2.1 Heat input to the air-conditioned room in summer shall be determined according the following
calculations:

(1). The radiation heat of production equipment and piping;

(2). The heat quantity conducted through the building enclosure into the rooms;

(3). Sunshine radiation heat into the rooms through exterior windows;

(4). Dissipation heat of human bodies;

(5). Dissipation heat of lighting;

(6). Dissipation of materials;

(7). Heat carried over to the rooms by permeated air;

(8). The potential heat generated during any moisture dissipation process.

4.2.2 When the dissipation heat of production equipment, piping, instrumentation and instruments, etc. is
determined, the data provided by the manufacturers should be used. When there is a lack of such kind of
data, it shall be determined through investigation or actual measurement.

4.2.3 Cooling load of air-conditioned rooms in summer shall be calculated respectively according to the
type and property of each heat input and the thermal storage characteristics of rooms, and shall be
determined according to the maximum comprehensive hour-by-hour value of the cooling load of each item.

The unstable transferred heat to rooms through building enclosure, the sunshine radiation heat to rooms
through exterior windows, the dissipation heat of human bodies, the dissipation heat of equipment and light
fixtures which are not in service around the clock, etc., should be determined through calculations made
according to the unstable heat transfer method. The hour-by-hour values of the above mentioned heat input
should not be used directly as the instant values of the cooling load for the corresponding time.

4.2.4 Moisture dissipation quantity of air-conditioned rooms in summer shall be determined according to
the following:

(1). The moisture dissipation quantity during chemical reaction;

(2). The moisture dissipation quantity of various damp surface, liquid surface or liquid flow;

(3). The moisture dissipation quantity of materials;

(4). The moisture dissipation quantity of equipment;

(5). The moisture dissipation quantity of human bodies and moisture content carried over into rooms by
permeated air.

4.2.5 The cooling load of air conditioning system in summer shall be determined according to the
conditions of simultaneous use of the served rooms, the types and conditioning modes of air conditioning
system and based on the maximum comprehensive hour-by-hour value of cooling load for each room or the
accumulated value of cooling load in summer for each room, and the cooling load of fresh air and the
additional cooling load caused by the temperature rise of ventilators, air ducts, water pumps, chilled water
and water tanks shall also be taken into account.

4.3 System Design

4.3.1 The divisions of air conditioning systems shall be determined according to the factors of the cardinal
numbers and permissible variation range of room temperature and humidity, thermal moisture interference
value of unit air supply rate, number of operation shifts, operation time, etc

The separate system should be provided for the rooms which have a permissible variation in temperature
less than 0.5oC or a permissible variation in humidity less than 5% and relatively high requirements for
silencing or cleanness of air.

4.3.2 The centralized air conditioning system which is used all the year around, shall be provided with
possibilities to have several economized operation conditions for every season.

4.3.3 The direct-flow type air conditioning system shall be used for the air-conditioned rooms which diffuse
explosion hazardous substances, harmful or awful odor substances that can not be removed by local
exhaust.

4.3.4 The fresh air requirement of the air conditioning system shall take the maximum values of the
following two items.

(1). The air supply rate needed for making up exhaust rate and maintaining the indoor positive pressure;

(2). The air supply rate required by the personnel with calculations made on the basis of 30m3/h per person

4.3.5 Air conditioning systems, especially the air conditioning systems for the buildings without windows
or that uses a large quantity of fresh air during the transition seasons, shall have exhaust vent and satisfy the
demands on the change in fresh air requirement.

4.3.6 The air current composition in air conditioned rooms shall be considered comprehensively according
to the following factors and determined through calculations:

(1). The requirements of production processes, equipment, instrumentation, etc., for the air current
composition.

(2). Standards of indoor temperature, relative humidity, air cleanness, permissible wind velocity and noise
level

(3). Lay out of indoor production process equipment, control panels and operation zones.

(4). Distribution of heating load and moisture load within rooms.

(5). Characteristics and interior finish and decoration, etc. of buildings.

4.3.7 In case there is any local heating source in air conditioned room, heat isolation or heat exhaust
measures shall be taken, and it shall be located on the leeward side of the equipment, instrumentation and
apparatus which are required to be maintained at a certain temperature and humidity, or the air current of
working zones.

4.3.8 The air current composition of DCS control room shall comply with the following requirements:

(1). The mode of air supply at bottom and air return at upper zones with the removable floor boards shall be
used for the rooms containing the equipment with relatively large quantity of dissipated heat and cabinets
with air inlet at the bottom.

(2). The mode of air supply at top and air return at side or the mode of air supply and air return at top
should be used for the control rooms or the rooms containing the cabinets which do not belong to the cases
as described in the above Point (1).

4.3.9 The air current composition of conventional instrument control room should use the mode of air
supply at side or at top and satisfy the requirements for cooling in front of or at the rear of instrument
panels.

4.3.10 As for the treatment mode for the cooling air of air conditioning unit, the primary consideration shall
be given to the evaporation cooling with circulation water or the cooling with natural cool source. When the
requirements can not be satisfied, cooling with the artificial cooling source shall be used.

4.3.11 When the artificial cooling source for the air conditioning system is the air treated with direct
spaying water, the chilled water system shall be provided separately from the cold water system for the
production unit.

4.3.12 The heating source for the air conditioning system shall make full use of the waste heat of
production, its heat medium should use hot water or steam. When one of the following conditions is met, it
is recommended to use electric-heaters:

(1). Heaters used to condition the room temperature of certain rooms which needs the separate control of
temperature and humidity while it is difficult or not economic to install and select hot-water or steam
heaters.

(2). The room temperature conditioning heaters used for the rooms with a permissible temperature variation
limits less than 1oC.

(3). Heating sources of hot water or steam can not satisfy the requirements for the air conditioning system.

4.3.13 The fresh air flow and return air flow (excluding the secondary air) of the air conditioning system
shall be filtered. The unwoven fabrics or foamed plastics shall be used as the filtering materials for the
filtering equipment.

4.3.14 When the concentration of harmful chemical substances contained in the fresh air of the air
conditioning system for DCS control room exceeds that as specified in Table 4.1.7 of this Code, the
purification treatment of fresh air shall be made to the fresh air flow.

4.3.15 The air conditioning unit which services DCS control room shall comply with the following
provisions:
(1). The operation signals and main parameters of air conditioning unit should be connected to DCS control
room for monitoring.

(2). When the production plants shut down for maintenance, water supply and power supply for the normal
operation of air conditioning units shall still be ensured.

(3). The stand-by unit for the air conditioning system shall be considered.

4.3.16 The silencer and vibration-damper facilities shall be determined through calculations based on the
requirements for production and use, and the frequency characteristics of noise and vibration. When the air
condition system is the main noise source in the room, the design for silencing of the system shall comply
with the stipulations in Table 4.3.16:

Table 4.3.16 Standards for Permissible Noise Level of Air-conditioned Rooms

Classification of Rooms Noise Level [dB (A)]

Should not be Shall not be

greater than greater than

General production buildings 85 95

Control rooms 55 65

Precision equipment and instrumentation rooms, and 50 60

physical & chemical testing laboratories

4.3.17 Types and layouts of air vents on ceilings of the air-conditioned rooms having high requirements of
use shall be coordinated with the lighting fixtures, the fire alarm detectors, the nozzles of extinguishing
agents, the architectural finish and decoration, etc. installed on the ceilings.

5. Fire Prevention and Explosion Protection

5.1 Fire Prevention and Explosion Protection of HVAC System

5.1.1 The temperature of heat medium of radiators for heating of the production plant buildings which
disperse flammable gases, vapor or dust shall be lower than a temperature  20% of the ignition
temperature of dispersed substances, and shall comply with the following provisions:

(1). When dispersed substance is a flammable dust, the temperature of hot water shall not exceed 130 oC and
the temperature of steam shall not exceed 110oC. However, the steam temperature of heating for coal
handling gallery can be increased to 130oC.

(2). When dispersed substance is flammable gases and vapor, the temperature of hot water shall not exceed
150oC and the temperature of steam shall not be higher than 130oC.

5.1.2 The heating radiators in rooms for filling and storing the bottled flammable or non-flammable
compressed gases and liquefied gases (e.g. acetylene, hydrogen, oxygen, methane, LPG, liquid ammonia,
etc.) shall be provided with heat barrier boards.

The heat barrier boards shall be made of non-flammable materials, and their distance to the surface of
radiators shall not be less than 0.1m.

5.1.3 Heating with direct hot air flow shall be used for the following buildings;

(1). Plant buildings in which burning and explosion hazards will be caused or the explosion-hazardous
gases will be generated by the dusts diffused during production by the action of water and steam.

(2). Plant buildings in which the temperature of heat medium of radiators for heating does not comply with
the provisions of Clause 5.1.1 of this Code.

5.1.4 No heating piping shall pass through the rooms in which dispersed gases, vapor dust or fabrics when
getting contact with heating piping, shall cause burning and explosion hazard. In case it is necessary for
heating piping to pass through such kind of rooms, the non-combustible material shall be used for
insulation.

5.1.5 Heating piping shall not be laid down together with the pipelines used to transfer the flammable
gases, corrosive gases or the flammable liquid with a flashing point  120 oC in the same trench.

5.1.6 For the plant buildings of Class A and Class B in which the dispersed flammable and explosion-
hazardous gases and vapor are heavier than the air in rooms or the plant buildings which diffuse the
flammable dust, the heating piping shall not be laid down in the trench, and in case the trench has to be
used, the trench cover shall be sealed and be filled with fine sand.

5.2 Fire Prevention and Explosion Protection of Ventilation and Air Conditioning System

5.2.1 The positions of outdoor air intakes of the forced draft systems for the production plant buildings of
Class A and Class II, plenums and the positive draft system for motors, shall comply with the following
requirements in addition to following provisions of Clause 3.3.13 of this Code.

(1). The air intake shall be located outside the explosion-hazardous area.

(2). It shall be located in a safe place without any spatter of spark.

Notes: The explosion-hazard areas shall be classified according to the national current "Design
Codes for Power Installations in Explosion- and Fire-Hazardous Environment".

 When explosion protection measures are taken for all the facilities in plant buildings, the air
intakes of air supply system for Class A and Class B production plant buildings can be located in
Explosion-hazardous Area 2.

5.2.2 The air supplysystems of Class A and Class B production plant buildings can share a same air intake,
however, they can not share the air intakes with that for Classes B, C and D production plat buildings and
annex buildings.

5.2.3 Recycle air shall not be used for the following plant buildings:

(1). Class A and Class B production plant buildings;

(2). Class C production plant buildings in which the air contains untreated burnable dusts and fibers.

5.2.4 The explosion-proof air exhausters and motors shall be used for the overall and local exhaust systems
installed in Class A and Class B production plant buildings and the local exhaust systems installed in the
plant buildings of other classes for removing the air containing explosion hazardous substances, and they
shall be driven directly.

The air exhausters and motors installed in the exhauster rooms shall also be of explosion-proof type, but
they can be of V-belt driven types.

5.2.5 The selection of draft blowers and motors of air supply systems for Class A and Class B production
plant buildings shall comply with the following requirements:

(1). When they installed in the explosion-hazardous area, the explosion-proof type shall be used.

(2). When they installed outside the explosion-hazardous area and there are no check valves in the air
supply trunk, general-purpose blowers and motors can be used.

5.2.6 All ventilators and motors for the plenums and motor positive draft system shall be of explosion-proof
type.

5.2.7 Non-explosion type of exhausters and motors shall be used for exhaust system of ventilating cabinets
for the laboratories and analyst rooms in which a small quantity of burnable substances and explosion
hazardous substances is used.

5.2.8 The lay out of the ventilation equipment serves Class A and Class B production plant buildings shall
comply with the following requirements:

(1). The air supply system and exhaust equipment shall not be laid out in a same ventilator room.

(2.) When they are laid out in the same ventilator room for the air supply systems of Classes C, D and E,
check valve shall be installed at the discharge of each forced air blower.

(3). Equipment for the overall exhaust system and the local exhaust system for removing the air containing
flammable substances or explosion-hazardous substance can be arranged in a same ventilator room.

5.2.9 Dry-type dust remover used for purifying the air containing explosion-hazardous dusts shall be laid
out outside the production plant buildings and at a distance greater than 10m from the exterior wall with
doors, windows and openings, or laid out in a separate building. However, when one of the following
conditions is provided, the dust remover can be laid out in a separate room within the production plant
building.

(1). Dust removers that have a capability to remove dust continuously.

(2). Dust removers from which the dust is removed periodically and the air flow rate of which is not greater
than 15000m3/h.

5.2.10 When dry-type dust removers used for removing the flammable dusts, fibers or debris with a lower
limit of explosion concentration of 65g/m3 are laid out in the production plant buildings, they shall be
arranged in a separate room together with their exhausters.

5.2.11 Dry-type dust removers used in the local exhaust system for removing the air containing explosion-
hazardous substance shall not be laid out below the rooms where there are often some peoples staying or a
number of people staying for a short period (such as the workers' restroom, meeting room, etc.). In case
they are arranged in adjacent to the above-mentioned rooms, the solid partitions with fire-resistance not less
than 3h shall be used for separation.

5.2.12 Dry-type dust removers and air ducts used for removing and transferring the explosion-hazardous
dusts, fibers or debris with a lower limit of explosion concentration smaller or equal to 65g/m 3 shall be
provided with relief devices. Dry-type dust removers shall be made from the materials which will not
generate sparks if necessary.

5.2.13 The equipment and air ducts used in exhaust system for removing air containing explosion-
hazardous substances and in the overall and local ventilation systems of Class A and Class B production
plant buildings shall not be laid out in the basements and semi-basements unless the plant buildings are
located in the basements or semi-basements.

5.2.14 Static grounding measures shall be taken for all the equipment and air ducts of the ventilation
systems of Class A and Class B production plant buildings and the local exhaust systems for removing the
air containing explosion-hazardous substances.

The above-mentioned equipment and air ducts shall not be made from the insulation materials that tend to
build up static electricity.

5.2.15 All air ducts of ventilation and air conditioning systems shall not be made from the non-combustible
materials. Materials that are difficult to be burnt shall be used to make the air ducts and flexible joints in
contact with the corrosive air.

5.2.16 Air exhaust pipes used for transferring the air containing explosion-hazardous gases, vapor and dusts
shall not be flush mounted.

5.2.17 Fire-protection valves shall be provided at the following points in the air ducts of ventilation and air
conditioning systems,.

(1). At the points where air ducts penetrate the partitions and floor slabs of fan rooms.

(2). In the air ducts which pass through the partitions and floor slabs of rooms containing precious
equipment or having a big fire-hazard

(3). In the horizontal sections at the connections between the horizontal air ducts and vertical main air ducts
on each floor of the multi-floor buildings and high industrial buildings.

Note: When the ventilation and air conditioning systems are provided respectively for each fire
protection zone of the multi-storey buildings and high industrial buildings, it is not necessary to
provide the fire protection valves at the connections of horizontal air duct and main air duct within
the fire protection zones.

5.2.18 Air ducts should not penetrate the fire partition. In case they have to penetrate the fire partition, the
fire protection valves shall be provided at the points nearby the fire partition. Non-burnable material shall
be used for the insulation materials of air ducts within a range of 2m at both sides of the fire partitions. The
gaps at the penetrating points of air ducts shall be blocked with non-burnable materials.

5.2.19 More than two flammable gas detectors for fire alarm shall be set up in the locations with in Class A
and Class B production plant buildings and in plenums where the flammable and explosion-hazardous
gases and vapor tend to be dispersed or accumulated, and the concentration setting for alarm shall not be
greater than the following values:

(1). 50% of the lower limit of explosion concentration for Class A and Class B production plant buildings;

(2). For the plenums, it shall be 25% of the lower limit of explosion concentration.
5.2.20 Indication light of running of ventilation systems for Class A and Class B plant buildings should be
provided in the production control rooms, operation rooms or locations that are accessible for observation
and operation.

5.2.21 The air conditioning unit of DCS control room should be interlocked with the indoor fire automatic
alarm system. As soon as the fire alarm is activated, the power supply of the air conditioning unit shall be
cut off automatically.

5.2.22 Non-burnable materials or fire retarding materials shall be used for all materials used for the
insulation, silencing and adhesives of the ventilation and air conditioning systems.

When the electric heaters are provided in the air ducts, non-burnable insulation materials shall be used for
the air ducts within a range of 0.8m before or after the electric heaters and the air ducts that pass through
the fire-hazardous rooms in which there are flame source.

5.2.23 Explosion-proof measures shall be taken for the movable parts and valve parts in the ventilation
systems of Class A and Class B production plant buildings and the local exhaust systems for removing air
containing explosion-hazardous substances.

5.3 Plenums

5.3.1 Plenum shall be designed for the rooms located in the explosion-hazardous area, in which the non-
explosion proof instruments, electrical equipment, etc. are installed and it is not possible to make local
explosion-proof disposition for them.

5.3.2 The building enclosure of plenum shall be tight, and the fixed windows and two-passes of tight doors
shall be provided. In case the movable windows are provided, the tight-type shall be used. No window shall
be positioned on the wall facing to the explosion risk. When the pipes, cables and trenches pass through the
floors, roofs and walls, sealing treatment shall be made to them.

5.3.3 The permissible concentration of harmful substances, temperature, humidity, air flow rate, noise level,
cleanness, etc. in the plenums shall be the same as that required for the non-positive pressure rooms.

5.3.4 Under the conditions of closed doors and windows, a positive pressure of 25 ~ 60Pa shall be
maintained for plenums.

5.3.5 The maximum values of the following items shall be taken for the fresh air rate delivered to plenums:

(1). The fresh air rate necessary to maintain the interior positive pressure;

(2). The fresh air rate necessary to dilute the harmful substances in rooms;

(3). The fresh air rate required by each person in room shall be not less than 30m3/h.

Notes:  When there is a lack of information, the fresh air rate of above Point 1) shall be calculated
according to the number of air changes for plenums as indicated in Appendix C to this Code.

 The air exhaust rate or the other air consumption in the room shall be taken into the fresh air rate
additionally.

5.3.6 Vents of surplus pressure shall be provided for plenums. The vents of surplus pressure shall be of
surplus pressure valve type or filter type, and their mounting locations shall be favorable to the interior air
replacement and shall face in the wind direction at a min frequency, or the measures shall be taken to
prevent air return.

5.3.7 Stand-by unit or ventilators shall be provided for the positive draft system, and their power supply
load class shall be as same as that for the process.

5.3.8 The interlock device shall be provided for two passes of doors of plenums not to open simultaneously,
or the alarm device for opening simultaneously shall be provided.

5.3.9 Sequence interlock shall be provided between the positive draft system and the power supply of the
other instruments and electrical equipment in rooms. The positive draft system shall be started up to purge
indoor air, and when the air purge is acceptable and the design positive pressure is reached, the power shall
be turned for supplying to the other instruments and electrical equipment. The positive draft system shall
not be shut down until the power supply for the other instruments and electrical equipment in rooms is
turned off.

In case the electric switch devices of positive draft system are provided in plenums, the explosion-proof
type shall be used.

5.3.10 The positive pressure gauges and pressure loss alarm device shall be provided in plenums, and they
shall be interlocked with the positive draft system. When the indoor positive pressure value is decreased to
below 25 Pa for a duration of 1minute, alarm signal shall be activated and the stand-by ventilators shall be
put into operation automatically.

5.4 Positive Draft for Motors

5.4.1 Positive draft shall be designed for the positive pressure type motors and auxiliaries installed in the
explosion-hazardous areas.

5.4.2 A positive pressure not less than 50Pa shall be maintained in the enclosures and all the connected
pipes which may have leakage under operations of motors and their auxiliaries, provided with positive
draft.

5.4.3 Data provided by the manufacturers shall be used for the positive draft air rate, air resistance, air
parameters, etc. of motors and auxiliaries. When there is a lack of information, the positive pressure air rate
of air cooled type motors shall not be less than the air rate required for cooling motors, the temperature at
air inlet shall not exceed 40oC, and the temperature at air outlet should not be higher than 55 oC.

Note: When air-cooled type motors are in the areas at an altitude of more than 1000m above sea
level, the temperature at air inlet of positive draft shall be determined according to the data provided
by the manufacturers. In case there is a lack of information, it should be determined according to the
current specifications "Technical Specifications for Motors Used in Areas at High Altitude".

5.4.4 Constant pressure ventilators for make-up air shall be provided for the closed-loop air recycle positive
draft system. Air making-up point should be located at the suction of the ventilators for cooling circulation.
The make-up air rate shall be determined by calculations, however, it is not allowed to be less than 10% of
supply air rate for cooling circulation.

5.4.5 Exhaust air from the positive draft system of direct air low type motors shall be vented beyond
explosion-hazardous areas. When measures are taken to prevent effectively sparks and hot particles from
venting from the electrical equipment and its ventilation system, it can be vented to Zone 2 of explosion-
hazardous area.
5.4.6 For the positive draft system of closed -loop air recycle type motors, vents which can be open and
shut, shall be provided at the locations in the motor enclosures and ventilation system that are favorable to
the internal purge.

5.4.7 Stand-by ventilators shall be provided for the positive draft systems of motors.

When a positive draft system is dedicated to the motor of a unit and the unit is provided with a stand-by
one, it is not necessary to provide stand-by ventilator.

5.4.8 Positive draft system of motors shall be provided with positive pressure indications, temperature-
sensing instruments for inlet air and vent air, pressure loss alarm and interlock devices. When the positive
pressure in motor is lower than 50Pa, alarm signal shall be activated and stand-by ventilator shall be put
into operation automatically.

5.4.9 It is suggested to interlock the positive draft system with the power supply of motors. Ventilators shall
be turned on first to purge gases in the system and motor, and the power supply of motor shall be turned on
when the purge is acceptable and the design positive pressure value is reached. Ventilators shall not be shut
down until the power supply of motors is turned off.

5.4.10 The power supply load class of the positive draft system of motors shall be as same as that for the
process.

Appendix A - Calculated Indoor Temperatures for Heating in Winter

Table A: Calculated Indoor Temperatures for Heating in Winter

No. Description of Rooms Temperature oC

1 Compressor room (when it is required for antifreezing) 5

2 Pumping house 5 ~ 10

3 Instrument control room 18 ~ 20

4 Laboratory 18 ~ 20

5 Instrument workshop 16 ~ 18

6 Electrical workshop

(1) Main plant building 12

(2) Impregnating vanish room, coiling room 16

7 Telephone station

(1) Automatic switch room, measuring room, carrier room, exchange board 16 ~ 18

(2) Charging room 12

8 Water treatment room

(1) Filtering and demineralization room (when the regeneration process is 16

program-controlled, it can be reduced to 5~10oC)

(2) Acid storage 10

9 Fire fighting station

(1) Garage 10

(2) Signal room 18

10 Garages

(1) Garage 5

(2) Maintenance workshop 12 ~ 14

(3) Buttery room 12

(4) Guard room 18

11 Warehouses for whole plant

(1) Storehouse with the requirement for antifreezing 5

(2) Guard room 18

12 Offices 18

13 Reference room 16 ~ 18
Appendix B - Numbers of Air Changes for Petrochemical Shops

Table B: Numbers of Air Changes for Petrochemical Shops

No. Description of harmful substances in shop Number of air changes (times/h)

Equipment Pumping house Compressor

room room

1 Ammonia 4~6 5~6 5~6

2 Hydrogen, methane, ethane, propane, 4 ~ 6 6~8 6~8

butane, ethylene

3 Alcohol, isopropanol, propylene, butene, 5 ~ 6 8 ~ 10 6~8

butadiene, ethyl acetate, propyl acetate,
acylic acid methyl ester, diethyl ether

4 Chlorine, dichloroethane, dichloroethylene, 8 ~ 10 12 ~ 15 

benzene chloride, chloromethane,
chloroethyl, methanol, methyl ether

5 Chloroethylene 12 12 12

6 Benzene, toluene, chloropropyl benzene, 8 ~ 10 10 ~ 12 

styrene, cyclohexane, cyclohexanone,
cycloethanol

7 Phenol, acetone 6~8 8 ~ 10 

8 Acetylene, acetaldehyde, nitrogen dioxide 6 ~ 10  10

9 LPG, carbon monoxide 8 ~ 10 10 8

10 Fluorine 20  

11 Hydrogen fluoride, hydrogen cyanide 15 ~ 20 20 

12 Acrylonitrile 6~8 8 ~ 10 

13 Sulphuric acid, hydrochloric acid, nitric 5 ~ 8 8 

acid, hydrogen sulfide

14 Mercury 20  

15 Crude oil, gasoline, kerosene 4~6 5~6 

16 Hot asphalt 6~8  

17 Tetraethyl lead 40  

Note: When the height of room is  6m, the supply air rate shall be calculated according to the actual
volume of the room. When the height of room is > 6m, the supply air rate shall be calculated according to
the room volume < 6m.
Appendix C - Numbers of Air Changes for Plenums

Table C: Numbers of Air Changes for Plenums

Indoor positive Number of Air Changes (Times/h)

pressure value (Pa)
Rooms without Rooms with fairly good Rooms with relatively poor
exterior windows tightness & with exterior tightness & with exterior
windows windows

20 2 3 4

30 2 4 5

40 4 5 6

50 5 6 7

60 6 7 8

Notes of Wording

It is required to use the wordings to express the different degrees of strictness for implementation of clauses
of this Code as follows:

(I). Wordings used to express requirements that must be very strictly followed without any deviation
therefrom.

Wording in positive form to be used is "shall", and the equivalent expressions are "it is necessary (required
to)…", " only … is permitted…".

Wording in negative form to be used is "shall not", and the equivalent expressions are " it is not allowed
(permitted, acceptable or permissible)…".

(II). Wordings used to express something shall be done in this way under normal conditions.

Wording in positive form to be used is "shall".

Wording in negative form to be used is "shall not" or "is required to be not …", "it is not allowed
(permitted, acceptable, permissible)…".

(III). Wordings used to expression the action steps are allowed with possibilities for selection or when the
conditions are permissible it should be done first:

Wording in positive form to be used is "should" or "may", and the equivalent expression is "it is
recommended that…".

Wording in negative form to be used is "should not", and the equivalent expression is "it is not
recommended…".
Industrial Standard of the People's Republic of China

Design Code for Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning

in Petrochemical Industry

SH3004-1999

EXPLANATORY NOTES

1999, Beijing
CONTENTS

1. General Principles

2. Heating

2.1 General Provisions

2.2 Heating System

3. Ventilation

3.1 General Provisions

3.2 Natural Ventilation

3.3 Mechanical Ventilation

3.4 Emergency Ventilation

3.5 Equipment and Air Ducts

4. Air Conditioning

4.1 General Provisions

4.2 Calculation of Loads

4.3 System Design

5. Fire Prevention and Explosion Protection

5.1 Fire Prevention and Explosion Protection of Heating System

5.2 Fire Prevention and Explosion Protection of Ventilation and Air Conditioning System

5.3 Plenums

5.4 Positive Draft for Motors

Appendix A - Calculated Indoor Temperatures for Heating in Winter

Appendix B - Number of Air Changes of Petrochemical Shops

Appendix C - Number of Air Changes of Plenums

1. General Principles
1.0.3 It is newly added. Main purpose is to ensure the safety of production and the quality of products, and
the number of operation personnel may be reduced.

1.0.4 Based on the survey of the petrochemical enterprises, the crux whether the HVAC systems can run
normally and reach the due effect is maintenance and management except for the design. Generally
speaking, when there are no operation and maintenance personnel and testing instruments provided for the
systems in the enterprises, some of the equipment are damaged seriously since there is no person to make
maintenance for the systems, and even some of them are abandoned. It is impossible to determine and
adjust the loads and parameters of the systems, as a result, the HVAC systems can not have the due
functions. This clause makes emphasis on this requirement according to the above mentioned cases in order
to draw sufficient attentions to the design.

According to the essences given in "Certain Regulations on Plant Design of China Petrochemical
Corporation", in this revision, "Maintenance Equipment" is cancelled, and the maintenance will be relied
on the existing maintenance organization or on the social service force. Full-time or part-time personnel
shall be provided according to the requirement. On the one hand, the management shall be strengthened,
and on the other hand, expansion of manning quotas shall be prevented.

2. Heating
2.1 General Provisions

2.1.1 It is stipulated to classify the centralized heating zones according to meteorological indexes.

Regarding the classification of centralized heating zones: There is a vast territory in our country, which
areas are allowed to have boilers or heat supplies from the thermal power stations for centralized heating,
and which areas shall have the limitations for provisions of centralized heating are a matter to be taken into
consideration of policies for the capital construction.

Before the establishment of the national unified standard, this code is the unified design standard that will
allow the design work in term of heating standard to have a norm to follow. Based on the meteorological
indexes, the conditions for providing centralized heating are specified in detail. The requirements for
providing centralized heating are specified in this Clause.

2.1.2 The specified meteorological indexed correspond to the transition area, and the heating problem for
this area is relatively complicated. The relative humidity in a part of the area is relatively high with a little
of sunshine days but more cloudy and rainy days, and the perceptive temperature is low. Based on the
surveys made in the petrochemical enterprises located in this area, a part of the plat buildings and annexes
of some plants are provided with heating systems, and some of them are not. According to the
characteristics that petrochemical enterprises have an abundant waste heat of production, this Clause
specifies that "When there is waste heat in plant areas to be made use of, it is allowed to design the
centralized heating after the approval is given by the relevant department."

2.1.3 The requirements of providing centralized heating in non-heating area are specified.

2.1.4 When each worker occupies an building area > 100m 2, it is not economic to provide all-around
heating system only for the purpose of labor protection, however, it is only necessary to provide local
heating in the fixed working place to meet the requirement. Most of the operators for the petrochemical
plants make regular inspection patrol and have no fixed work place. Therefore, to provide the heating room
in combination with the restroom can not only improve the labor conditions, but also can save the
investment and energy, and practically, it has fairly good results.

2.1.5 Based on there is a lot of waste heat of production (steam and hot water) in the petrochemical
enterprises, this Clause specifies that the waste heat of production shall be utilized as the heat source of
centralized heating system.

Based on the stipulation that “On the economic and reasonable principle, hot water shall be used for the
heating facilities of buildings or the available heating facilities shall be modified for using hot water”
stipulated in “Tentative Regulations on Saving Energy Management” issued in 1988 by the State Council,
as identified practically, heating with hot water has more remarkable technical and economic effects than
heating with steam. Therefore, it is specified in this clause that “the waste heat of production shall be
utilized first and it is recommended to use hot water as heating medium”.

Since plant area of petrochemical enterprises covers a relative large area, and the heat of production is
steam, some of the plant buildings require larger parameters of heat medium for the air handling and
heating system, and some of the plant buildings have not so large size but are laid out dispersedly, if a
heating hot water system is set up separately, it is not so reasonable economically. Therefore, it is stipulated
that “when heat supply for plant area mainly depends on the steam for production, steam can be used as
heat medium.” As for the problem of condensate recycle, in principle, cendensate shall be recycled.
However, based on many year practical experiences, the quantity of condensate is so little for the whole
plant and it is generated seasonally. If it is connected to the condendate system of production, the recycle
effect is very poor while in some cases, it is not so economic to provide a separate recycle system.
Moreover, there are also problems in water quality, etc. It is quite difficult to recycle the condensate from
the heating system. Therefore, in this revision, “(condensate) shall be recycled” has been revised to “it is
recommended to recycle…”. In case there is a large quantity of condensate with centralized collection
points, it shall be recycled as much as possible after the initial blow down. As for the scattered and remote
condensate from heating, at least hot water radiators shall be provided after steam traps and it shall not be
discharged until the temperature of recycled condensate is reduced.

2.1.6 The indoor calculation temperature for heating of production plant buildings and annexes in winter
shall be determined according to the current standard “Health Standard for Industrial Enterprise Design”
and the different labor intensities of production posts. However, since the petrochemical enterprises feature
in large-sized plant buildings, small number of personnel, continuity of production, high level of
automation, etc. In this revision, the factors that shall be taken into considerations of determining the indoor
calculation temperature for heating in winter, was added in the clauses, so as to ensure the preconditions for
production and maintenance to reduce the indoor calculation temperature and save energy.

2.2 Heating System

2.2.2 Because of the problems in a thin thickness of the steel sheet used for the radiators of steel-sheet pillar
type, plate type, flat-tubing type, etc., and the problem of fabrications, they are damaged and abandoned
soon after being put into service when steam is used as heating medium. At present there is a relatively
great variety of steel pillar radiators. In this revision, the “steel pillar type” has been clearly changed to
“steel-sheet pillar type”, so as to distinguish it from the other steel pillar type radiators available for heating
with steam.
2.2.3 In Point (1) of this Clause, “the special requirements for the production” refers to the flammable
gases, vapor, flammable dusts, etc. diffused in the production plant buildings, which will cause burning,
explosion or the other safety-related accidents if they get contact with water or high-temperature surfaces,
in this case, no radiators shall be used for heating, and hot air shall be used for heating instead.

2.2.4 It is recommended to use the combined heating for the plant buildings with hot air heating where the
production is carried out intermittently or only by one shift. During idle period, only radiators shall be used
for heating for the people on duty, so as to save energy.

2.2.5 It is newly added. Temperature is low and period for heating is long in the cold area. It shall be
ensured basically that the petrochemical production plant buildings are not only supplied with fresh air but
also satisfy the requirement for room temperatures by heating with hot air. As specified in this Clause, no
less than two systems or one system with two blowers shall be provided so that when one system or one set
of blowers are failed, the minimum level of fresh air supply and heating can be maintained for a short
period in order to ensure production.

The original Clause 2.2.5 is cancelled because there are stringent requirements for the steam ejector to be
used for heating recycle device in the hot water heating system, and it is seldom used. When the conditions
are provided for using it, the stipulations in Section 7, Chapter 3 of National Standard GBJ19-87 shall be
observed.

2.2.6 It is newly added. If there are openings (openings for staircase, mounting holes and gratings) with
relative large sizes on the floor slabs, a strong chimney effect shall be resulted in winter, causing the upper
zones being hot while the bottom zones being cold. In this Clause it is required to pay attention to this point
in the design, and the considerations shall be made to follow a principle of descending heat supply rate in
heat distribution i.e. more heat for the lower storeys, appropriate heat for the intermediate storeys and less
heat (or even no heat) for the upper storeys.

2.2.7 Heating with radiation can radiate a part of heat directly onto the human body, it can not only reduce
the energy consumption for heating but also can be relatively comfortable. If it is only necessary to provide
heading in the zones or work points locally in a relatively big production plant buildings, the heating with
radiation metal plates shall be used.

It is verified by the relevant information and actually measured results in our country that when radiation
metal plate is mounted at a relatively high position, the temperature of heat medium will be low and the
heating effect will be poor. The parameters of heat medium are specified for the purpose of ensuring the
radiation heating effect.

Steam pressures specified in this Clause are referred to the gauge pressures.

2.2.8 Radiator heating system and hot air heating system, air supply heating system and heat supply
systems for production and living are not the same in terms of the use conditions, use times, system
pressure balancing, etc., therefore, it is specified in this Clause that it is recommended to provide them
separately.

3. Ventilation
3.1 General Provisions

3.1.1 In the course of production of petrochemical enterprises, a large quantity of harmful substances and
dusts dispersed will pollute the production and living environment, and the various fire and explosion
hazardous dispersed substances will endanger the safety of the plant, therefore, it is necessary to take
measures to bring them under control. It is proven by the experience of some enterprises that there will be
little effect if the measures are only taken in the respect of ventilation specialty, and measures shall be taken
at the same time in the aspects of process, general layout, architecture, equipment, etc., so that to achieve
remarkable effects.

3.1.2 It is essential to use nontoxic or low toxic production flow in the process to improve the production
environment, e.g. when the iron-exchange membrane electrolyzing salt process is used to substitute the
mercury electrolytic process to produce caustic soda, the production environment shall be improved greatly.

Measures shall be taken for the equipment and piping which will probably leak harmful substances, to
prevent and minimize leakage. If the production process unit leaks large quantity of harmful substances,
even if ventilation and air changes with a high supply air rate are used, the effect will still remain poor.

The production related to the highly toxic substances shall be carried out under a back pressure as possible
as it can. When the conditions are not provided, automation or blocked operations shall be taken to protect
the operation personnel from getting direct contact to the harmful substances.

3.1.3 It is newly added. According to the gist given in “Certain Regulations on Plant Design of China
Petrochemical Corporation”, most of the production plants that disperse explosion-hazardous substances,
are open installations, and even if they are provided with plant buildings, the open-type or semi-open type
shall be selected for them, and their common characteristics are that they have a good air flowability, and
leakage can be diluted rapidly and they are favorable to the safety of production plant.

In the north part of China, a few plants are provided with huge buildings because of the reasons for anti-
freezing, maintenance, etc. For the purpose of explosion protection, exhausting air containing toxic
substances, anti-freezing, etc., complicated heating and ventilation works are designed, resulting in a very
high consumption of energy, and the effect is not as good as the open installations.

3.1.4 Requirements for the production process and plant building layout

(1). The purposes for separated layout are first to limit the dispersion range of extremely toxic, highly toxic,
relatively toxic substances and to prevent the more harmful substances from being dispersed to the rooms
with less harmful substances, and secondly, to facilitate the establishment of appropriate ventilation design
scheme respectively according to the different harmful substances.

(2). To define clearly operation zones in order to deliver fresh air to the operation zones and exhaust air in
the maintenance zones, so that better ventilation effect can be achieved.

(3). Since there are less exterior windows and relatively large spaces for multi-span plant buildings, the
effect of natural ventilation is poor. In case the harmful substances are dispersed in the plant buildings, the
harmful substances will pollute and disperse in the relatively large space.

(4). In case the production plant from which the heat and harmful gases dispersed, are laid out at the top
storey of multi-storey buildings, the dispersed heat and harmful gases shall be vented with rising air flow to
outdoors so as to avoid the contamination of the lower storeys of buildings.

(5). To arrange the dispersion sources of harmful substances below the scuttles or vents. And the zones
below exterior windows on both sides of buildings are used as operations or patrol zones, which shall result
in a relatively ideal air current composition for the natural ventilation of plant buildings.

The notes under this Clause make definitions of extremely toxic substances, highly toxic substances and
relative toxic substances. Since there are great varieties of petrochemical substances with tremendous
differences, this Code classifies them as 3 classifications according to the maximum permissible
concentration in the air of shops. The requirements for appropriate ventilation design are made according to
the different classifications.

The National Standard "Classification of Hazard Level Due to Exposure to Toxic Substances" GB5044-85
classifies the harm degrees of toxicity as 4 classes based on six indexes of "Acute Toxicity", "Acute
Poisoning Attack Condition", "Chronic Poisoning Disease Conditions", "Chronic Poisoning Effect",
"Carcinogenicity" and "Max. Permissible Concentration", based on the max. permissible concentrations.
The Extremely Toxic Substances and the Highly Toxic Substances defined in this Code correspond to Class
I and Class II toxicants as defined in the national standard while the Relative Toxic Substances defined in
this Code correspond to Class III and Class IV toxicant as defined in the national standard.

In order to facility the operational design, this Code remains in conformity with the stipulations regarding
max. permissible concentrations made in "Health Standards for Industrial Enterprise Designs", and the
standards set in "Classification of Hazard Level Due to Exposure to Toxic Substances " are not used
directly.

3.1.5 The requirements for plant site selection are made based on the experiences gained by many plants
both at home and abroad in the terms of safety and environmental protection. When there appear inversion
layer or rainy or foggy days in valleys or basins, the harmful gases contained in exhaust air from the plant
building shall be accumulated in the sky above the plant building and will be difficult to be dispersed, as a
result, they tend to cause a large scale pollution and even will cause poisoning accidents.

3.1.9 For the plants in which the heat, vapor or harmful substances are dispersed, the nature ventilation or
mechanical local exhaust devices shall be provided on the process equipment or at the points where the
harmful substances are dispersed, in order to exhaust the harmful substances. This is the most economic
and effective way that shall be selected to use.

When the local exhaust fails to expel completely all the harmful substances or it is not possible to install
local exhaust devices due to the limitation of production operations, the overall exhaust shall be used or
supplemented.

3.1.10 It is an economic and effective way to use natural ventilation for the plant buildings in which heat is
dispersed. When it can satisfy the requirements of production, it shall be used first.

When natural ventilation can not ensure stable supply air rate or meet the requirements for safety and
health, for the plant buildings in which the explosion-hazardous substances or harmful substances are
dispersed, the natural and mechanical combined ventilation or the mechanical ventilation shall be used.

3.1.11 Dusts of urea, catalyst, plastics, fibers, etc., are dispersed from some production processes in
petrochemical enterprises. They are not only harmful to the health of people, but also have an explosion
hazard sometimes. Therefore, this Clause specifies that dust removing devices shall be provided according
to the process characteristics and the dust properties.

3.1.12 Determination of the air volume is a base for the ventilation design.
(1). Determining air volume according to the quantity of harmful substances that are dispersed in the plant
buildings is a relatively accurate method. When it is possible to measure or calculate accurately the
dispersed harmful substances, this method shall be used preferentially.

(2). The air volume and quantity of dispersed harmful substances are determined for the plant buildings
with the same production process or similar production process, and on the principle of simulation and
amplification, the number of air changes or the quantity of dispersed harmful substances are used to
determine the air volume for the new design plant buildings.

(3). When the conditions for the calculations as described in the above two points are not available, the air
volume can be determined according Appendix B "Number of Air Changes for Petrochemical Shops"

Most of the data of number of air changes in Appendix B are the data collected from the design data of the
plants of the former Ministry of Chemical Industry and the Ministry of Petroleum and the data of the
imported petrochemical plants, and a few of them are the data quoted from the design specifications and
codes of foreign countries.

The column " Description of Harmful Substances in Shop" in Appendix B refers to the shops that produce
such substances or the shops in which such substances are the main dispersed substances.

Since the petrochemical industry grows rapidly, the process flows alter day to day and the data in Appendix
B always leg behind and are not adaptive. In this revision, the number of air changes is changed from a
fixed value to a limited range. When using them, they shall be analyzed and determined comprehensively
according to the factors of processes, advance level of equipment, plant building layout, safety facilities,
etc. In case the process equipment is advanced and there are burnable gas detectors provided in the plant
buildings, the small number of air changes should be taken.

There is a lack of data of air changes for a large number of petrochemical production shops. It is
recommended that the number of air changes be determined by the ventilation engineer together with the
process engineer, the environmental protection and safety engineer according to the toxicity of main
harmful substances dispersed in production process (the permissible concentration in air of shop),
explosion-hazard and the characteristics of production process. Determine it with reference to the similar
substances indicated in appendix B.

3.2 Natural Ventilation

3.2.1 Since there is a great change in air pressures and wind velocity in summer is very low in some areas,
the stable exhaust effect can not be ensured, however, all hot pressures are usually stable and reliable.
Therefore, it is specified in this Clause that only the plant buildings that disperse heat can use the natural
ventilation. Only the hot pressure effect shall be taken into consideration of calculation for natural
ventilation.

3.2.3 Local exhaust devices are provided for some plant buildings. However, the strong air current of
natural ventilation will probably damage the control air current of local exhaust and affect the effect of
local exhaust. Therefore, this Clause specifies that the air current composition of natural ventilation shall
not affect the control air current.

3.2.5 The extremely toxic substances are extremely harmful to the human, and normally, the production
plant buildings shall be under back pressure for blocking the operation. Therefore, it is emphasized in this
Clause that the production plant buildings in which the extremely toxic substances are dispersed, are
prohibited to use the natural ventilation.

When surrounding air of plant buildings in some petrochemical enterprises are seriously polluted with dusts
or other harmful substances (the concentration of harmful substances in the air is higher than 30% of the
max. permissible concentration of harmful substances in the air of shops as specified in the "Health
Standards for Industrial Enterprise Designs"), natural ventilation shall not be used.

3.3 Mechanical Ventilation

3.3.1 Positive pressures shall be maintained for those rooms which are required to be clean such as the
instrument control rooms, the analytical balance rooms and some other auxiliary rooms in petrochemical
enterprises, so as to prevent the polluted air of the surrounding or adjacent plant buildings from flowing
into the rooms. The rooms, in which the dusts and harmful gases are dispersed, shall be maintained under
back pressure so as to prevent the pollution from extending. 80% ~ 90% of the ratio of supply air rate to
exhaust air rate shall be used for all the positive pressure rooms or back pressure rooms except for the
rooms that requires specific pressure values and calculations shall be made.

3.3.2 Exhaust at the dispersing source of harmful substance is an economic and effective ventilation
method. When the conditions are not provided, the air exhaust shall be set up in the zones of most serious
pollution. However, it is not allowed to set up vents in the operation zones so as to prevent the polluted air
current from flowing to the operation zones.

3.3.3 This Clause is a supplement to Clause 3.3.2. When it is not possible to determine the dispersing
sources of harmful substances or the points with max. permissible concentration, the provision made in this
Clause shall be used.

The contents of Points (1) and (2) under this Clause are in conformity with Clause 4.4.7 of National
Standard "Design Code for Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning" GBJ19-87, and also basically
conform the stipulations in Clause 4.5.7 and Clause 4.5.8 of the former USSR Building Codes "Design
Code for Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning" CH иП 2.04.05-86.

If is found from the measurement for ventilation that there is a difference in distribution of harmful
substance concentrations between the upper zones and lower zones when the air current turbulence is small.
In the shops where the harmful substance is lighter than air and heat is dispersed, the concentration of upper
zones is higher than that of lower zones. In the shops where the air current turbulence is relatively large or
the room height is relatively small, there is no big difference in the concentration distribution between the
upper zones and the lower zones even if the harmful substance is heavier than the air. Only when there is no
uprising air current, can the density of harmful substances be affected.

Therefore, in this revision, according to the determination reports, with reference to the relevant
documentation of our country and foreign countries and based on a lot of problems occurred during the
implementation of the original edition of the code, and on the premise of basically keeping in conformity
with the National Standard, the Point (3) is added. As for the rooms which comply with the requirements
made in Point (1) or Point (2) and is relatively low in the room height and relatively small in building
space, it is only necessary to vent air in upper zones or in lower zones, thus not only the functionality is
increased, but also the distribution of exhaust air volume is simplified while the air exhaust effect is not
affected.

When production plants which disperse harmful gases or vapor, are located only in a part of sections within
a multi-span or large-space building, the air exhaust principles set in this provision is only applicable to
those sections and not applicable to the whole building.

3.3.4 Based on the experience gained in refineries, it is specified that mechanical ventilation shall be
provided for the underground or semi-underground production rooms or the pits at a depth greater than 2m
where the explosion hazardous gases or harmful gases may probably accumulated, in order to prevent a
long-term build up, increase of concentrations and causing harms.

3.3.5 It is proved practically that exhausting cowls installed locally at the dispersing points of harmful
substances have a relatively good effect. The cowls are integrated with the process equipment in the design
and installation. To integrate the production, ventilation and maintenance so as to avoid contradictions. In a
certain plant in Beijing, the ribbon-like filament machine and the air exhaust, imported from Austria, are
combined and manufactured, which has a very good effect.

3.3.6 The air vented form the local exhaust system for exhausting extremely toxic substances, contains a
relatively high concentration of extremely toxic substance. In order to protect the production and living
environment, there are stringent stipulations made both at home and abroad, for discharging the air
containing extremely toxic substances. For instance, in the former USSR, it was required that the exhaust
stack for the lead tetraethyl shops shall not be lower than 75m. It is specified in our country, that the
exhaust stack for the production shops of extremely toxic substances shall be of a height of 60m ~ 120m.
According to the characteristics of petrochemical enterprises, the provision specifies that the technical and
economic evaluations and demonstrations shall be made, and the decisions shall be made to whether the
purification treatment or high stack for discharge shall be used according to the results of evaluations and
demonstrations.

3.3.7 The concentration of extremely toxic substances contained in the air from the local exhaust system
generally is high. If the height is not sufficient, it will probably cause that the harmful substances are rolled
into negative pressure zones, the air inlet for mechanical ventilation or carried over to the room by natural
ventilation before they are diluted. In the past there occurred the accidents that the air from the local
exhaust system polluted the inlet air and surrounding environment. When the conditions are provided, the
calculation of effluent of harmful substances shall be made according to the characteristics of production
and environment. When there is a lack of information, this Clause shall be observed.

When the air discharged from the local exhaust system located in the non-explosion hazardous environment
contains a relatively high concentration of explosion hazardous substances (e.g. spraying paint, etc., but
shall not include the exhaust air from the ventilation cabinet of general laboratories.), it is required to
discharge it to the aerodynamic shadowed area and above the positive area.

Whatever discharge ways are used, no umbrella-type hood or barrel funnel cap shall be installed to hinder
the air uprising.

3.3.8 The concentrations of harmful substances contained in the air from the overall exhaust system are
much lower than those in the air from the local exhaust system. Usually, they are close to or slightly higher
than the maximum permissible concentrations of harmful substances in the air of shops specified in the
“Health Standard for Industrial Enterprise Designs”, but are much higher than the specified permissible
concentrations for the inlet air. In order to prevent the air inlet to be contaminated by the vented air, the
specifications are made for the distances between the air inlets and the air vents with reference to the
former USSR Codes “Building Codes” and “Instructions for Design of Heating and Ventilation for
Chemical Shops”.

3.3.9 In order to prevent the explosion-hazardous substances from being dispersed from the air duct to the
non-explosion hazardous rooms to cause explosion or fire, and prevent the substances with high toxicity
from flowing in to the rooms with air containing substances with low toxicity to cause the poisoning
accidents, it is specified in this Clause that the exhaust systems for the above-mentioned rooms shall be
provided separately.

3.3.10 Generally, for the local exhaust for the petrochemical shops, air shall be exhausted directly from the
process equipment or at the charging doors and discharge outlets of the equipment. The concentration of the
harmful substances in exhaust air is relatively high, and there are two or more than two kinds of harmful
substances mixed and probably they will cause various kinds of reactions and result in accidents.

E.g. Mixing chlorine with hydrogen, mixing calcium carbide dusts with water vapor and mixing aluminum
power with water vapor shall cause fire and explosion.

Mixing chloride with acid and mixing chlorine with ammonia shall generate more toxic and more harmful
substances.

Mixing water vapor with urea shall cause sediment, adhesion and blocking up the air ducts.

This Clause is provided in order to prevent the occurrence of such accidents.

3.3.11 When the air exhausters used for the local exhaust and overall exhaust systems of the plant buildings
in which the extremely toxic substances are produced and used, and the local exhaust systems used to
remove the extremely toxic substances, are shut down due to the failures, the leakage of extremely toxic
substances and highly toxic substances may probably dispersed to the operation rooms or operation zones
to cause the personal accident and serious consequences, Therefore, it is specified that the above mentioned
exhaust systems shall be provided with the automatically switching- over stand-by ventilators. Operation
signals of fans shall be provided at the operators’ positions so that they can be observed or monitored.

3.3.14 Regarding the make-up air for the production plant buildings and annexes provided with centralized
heating and exhausting systems, based on the surveys made, there are several cases as follows:

(1). It is required to maintain a fixed ratio of air volume to the supply air rate and exhaust air rate for the
production plant buildings of extremely toxic and highly toxic substances. Supplying air is just for
maintaining the fresh air supply to the operation zones and the balance between the heat and air volume in
the operation zones, and all the operations shall comply with the design requirements.

(2). Plant buildings which disperse relatively toxic substances, explosion-hazardous substances or dusts
shall be designed according to the balance of heat and air volume, and are provided with radiators and
make-up air heating devices. When they are run according to the design requirement, they have very good
effects, such as the ribbon-like filament shop, the plexiglass polymerization shop, etc. The characteristics of
such shops are that there are comparatively a lot of people at the fixed posts, and it is not allowed to
decrease the room temperature or to increase the concentration of harmful substances. For some plant
buildings, only the local exhaust systems are put into operation and the overall exhaust systems are seldom
to run while the make-up air systems are basically shut down in winters, e. g. ammonia shops, calcium
carbide shops, etc. The characteristics of such shops are that there disperses the waste heat, the doors and
windows are shut in winters, the vented air volume is decreased correspondingly, and the waste heat can
compensate the heat loss caused by a part of exhaust air. Since there are only few workers making patrol
operations, problems of decrease of room temperatures or exceeding the standard of harmful substance
concentrations are seldom to be dealt with seriously.

(3). Most of the laboratories and analytical rooms have not been provided with the make-up air systems,
and although some of them are provided with the make-up air systems, most of then are basically not used,
and no remarkable affection have been exerted to the work. Some units reported that when supply air rate is
not sufficient, there appears too low room temperature, and even specific phenomenon that the water piping
are frozen.

Generally, the objective reasons are relatively complicated, and at present it is difficult to establish
delimiter for providing the mechanical make-up air system. Therefore, only the principles are specified in
the Clause.

Based on the experience in operation of laboratories and analytical rooms, this Clause specifies that it is not
necessary for the local exhaust system with an operation time less than 2h/shift to use the mechanical air
delivery to compensate the vented air volume.

3.3.16 When there are several production lines in the plant buildings, it is recommended to complete the
production line with the dust removal systems according to the division of process production lines.

Based on the surveys made to the dust removal devices in the petrochemical enterprises, there are no
people to shut off the regulation valves at the intermittent operating exhaust points. It is specified that the
exhaust air rate of the dust removal system shall be calculated according to the condition that all the
exhaust points are operating simultaneously, in order to cope with the production operation conditions and
ensure the dust removal effect.

As proved by the experience, the dust removal system should not be too large, and it is suggested to have 3
~ 5 dust removal points for a normal dust removal system. When the dust removal points are relatively
centralized, the nearby dust removal points can be integrated into a system on the basis of a production line.
When the dust removal points are scattered, small-size dust removal devices shall be provided locally, thus
to obtain a relatively good effect of dust removal.

3.4 Emergency Ventilation

3.4.1 ~ 3.4.3 A large quantity of harmful gases or explosion-hazardous gases generated suddenly in plant
buildings shall be exhausted to outdoors within a short time so as to prevent poisoning or explosion
accidents.

The precondition for providing emergency ventilation is "the production plant buildings in which a large
quantity of harmful gases or explosion-hazardous gases will be probably generated suddenly". As for the
plant buildings in which the harmful gases or explosion-hazardous gases "will often be generated" or "will
be generated periodically", the normal ventilation ways shall be taken to deal with, and they shall not be
disposed of in a way of emergency ventilation.

Whether it is necessary to provide emergency ventilation for plant buildings in which the explosion-
hazardous substances are dispersed, shall be determined according to that whether there is any condition
and equipment which will generate a large quantity of explosion-hazardous gases in the production process,
otherwise, it is not necessary to provide it.

The emergency exhaust air rate shall be determined by calculations according to the process information.
However, it is usually not possible to provide the relevant data of the volume of dispersed harmful
substances. In this case, only the method of number of air changes can be used. It is specified in Clause
4.4.8, GBJ19-87 “Design Code for Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning" that "it is determined
according to 8 times/h air changes for the air volume not less than the volume of the room", and it is
specified with reference to the relevant chapter of the former USSR Building Codes (CHиП-33-75). It is
specified in the USSR Building Codes "Design Code for Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning" CHиП
2.04.05-86 that "Emergency ventilation shall be combined with the basic mechanical ventilation system
(hereinafter is referred to as the basic system). When the room height is smaller than or equal to 6m, 8
times/h air changes shall be ensured, and when the room height is greater than 6m, it shall be ensured that
the exhaust air rate for 1m2 floor area shall not be smaller than 50m 3/h. For the Class a and Class B
pumping houses and compressor stations, in addition to the proper change air rate of the basic system, the
emergency ventilation shall also ensure the specified change air rate." Obviously, such stipulations
regarding the Class A and Class B pumping houses and compressor stations are more suitable to the
petrochemical industry. With reference to the former USSR Building Codes " Design Code for Heating,
Ventilation and Air Conditioning" CHиП 2.04.05-86, the revisions are made to the emergency exhaust air
rate determined by the method of number of air changes per hour as described in this Clause, in order to
unify the method for calculating air volume on the bases of number of air changes and emphasize the
dangerousness of the Class A and Class B pumping houses and compressor rooms in petrochemical
industry, which need emergency exhaust.

Classes A, B, C, D and E production plant buildings as mentioned in this Clause and the other clauses
mentioned hereinafter are classified in National Standard "Fire Protection Codes for Building Design"
GBJ16-87 for the fire risk in the production.

The emergency exhaust air rate is ensured jointly by the normally used exhaust systems and the emergency
exhaust system.

In order to ensure that at least one system is in operation when the accident happens, it is specified that the
total number of exhaust systems should not be less than two exhaust systems.

3.4.4 For the mixtures of air and explosion-hazardous gases and vapor, when the technical performance of
ventilators or motors an not satisfy the requirements of hazard classifications, classes and temperature
groups for the mixtures or have other reasons, the induced draught method shall be used. The draught type
emergency ventilation system referred in this Clause is suitable to the plant buildings with exhaust scuttles
and funnel caps and to the gases and vapor dispersed during emergency with a density lower than that of
the air.

3.4.8 The extremely toxic substances are extremely harmful to the human bodies, a trace of them will cause
death or incurable harm, and the production shops are blocked for operation. Generally, they are not
provided with emergency ventilation system. In case it is necessary to provide emergency ventilation, it
shall be implemented according to Clause 3.3.6 of this Code. It is forbidden to provide axial ventilators on
the exterior walls or exterior windows to exhaust air to outdoors.

3.4.9 It is newly added. In recent years, the design codes for the alkyl halide extinguishing system and the
carbon dioxide extinguishing system have been issued one after another in our country and have been
applied to projects. Since their design concentrations for fire distinguishing are very high, the personnel are
not allowed to enter the rooms immediately after the fire is distinguished. Emergency exhaust system shall
be provided so that the personnel shall be allowed to enter fireplaces to resume work. The suction port shall
be laid out in the lower portion of rooms or in removable floor. Number of air changes shall be calculated
on the basis of time duration from start up of exhaust system to reaching the safety concentrations. Because
of spaying of extinguishing agents, there is a relatively high positive pressure in rooms, and it is therefore
required that valves shall be installed in the main exhaust ducts connected to the exterior, and opened when
the exhauster runs, and shut off when the exhauster stops, in order to prevent extinguishing agents from
leaking to outdoors through the exhaust ducts.

3.4.11 When the detection devices for toxic gases or flammable gases, they shall be interlocked with the
emergency ventilators. Alarm signals shall be activated and emergency exhausters and their valves
automatically started up and opened when the concentrations of harmful gases reach 50% of the lower limit
of explosion or a certain value of explosion limits, which are relatively reliable and ideal measures to
ensure safety.

3.4.12 It is newly added. The make-up air system shall be provided in order to ensure the emergency
exhaust effect of the rooms without any window.

3.5 Equipment and Air Ducts

3.5.6 In order to prevent the air in exhaust air ducts containing extremely toxic, highly toxic and relatively
toxic substances from leaking to contaminate the other rooms, the stipulations have been made for the
above mentioned exhaust air ducts passing through the rooms in which no above mentioned toxic
substances are dispersed, with the reference to the former USSR "Building Codes" and “Instructions for
Design of Heating and Ventilation for Chemical Shops” and the specific practices of some design units in
our country.

3.5.7 In order to prevent the air containing extremely toxic and highly toxic substances from returning
through draught duct of the plant buildings to the ventilation system of the other production and living
rooms, resulting in accidents, it is specified that the draft blower rooms serve the plant buildings in which
the extremely toxic or highly toxic substance are dispersed, shall be provided separately.

3.5.8 The local exhaust equipment for exhausting air containing extremely toxic substance is a dispersion
source of extremely toxic substances itself, and therefore, it shall be laid out in a separate room.

The positive pressure section and ventilators of the local exhaust equipment which is used to exhaust air
containing extremely toxic substances, tend to leak out extremely toxic substance and it is relative
dangerous even under normal conditions, therefore, they shall be arranged separately from the general air
exhaust equipment or in a blocked, separated room or outdoors.

4. Air Conditioning
4.1 The room temperature and humidity of DCS (Distributed Control System) control

rooms, conventional instrument control rooms, etc., have effects on both accuracy degree and service life of
DCS equipment and instruments. The room temperature, humidity and air cleanness of the physical
property testing rooms and precision equipment rooms usually exert direct effect onto that whether the
grades and classes of the inspected products can be recognized. It is not allowed to often open the doors
and windows for some rooms in the petrochemical enterprises because there are flammable, toxic and
stinking gases with an awful odor dispersed surrounding them. For the above mentioned rooms, in case the
general heating and ventilation fail to meet the requirements of room temperature, relative humidity, etc.,
the air conditioning shall be provided. Since DCS control systems are used generally for the petrochemical
plants, in this revision, the DCS control rooms are clearly put forward.

4.1.2 It is recommended to reduce the areas and spaces of the air-conditioned rooms so as to save
investment and cost for operation. In case some chemicals which tend to air-slake or are required to be
maintained at a low temperature, are stored in some plants, it is suggested to use dry cabinets or low
temperature chambers and no full room air conditioning be provided. For some plant buildings, there is
only individual equipment or process production line which require air conditioning, hood or any other
method, shall be used to separate them from the whole room, and the air conditioning is applied to the
individual equipment or local zones. There is practical experience in this aspect in our country.

4.1.5 ~ 4.1.6 They are newly added in line of the gist of "Certain Regulations on Plant Design of China
Petrochemical Corporation" in combination with the revision of this Code. The purpose is to save building
areas, reduce number of personnel and ensure reliable operations as much as possible.

4.1.7 The environmental conditions of control rooms are newly added, and they fall into the following three
operation conditions:

(1). Operation Condition: Based on the stipulations in "Most Comfortable Temperatures for Indoor Air
Conditioning" GB5701-85, the winter temperature is 19 ~ 22 oC and the summer temperature is 24 ~
[Link] into consideration that DCS equipment has a relative wider range of operating temperatures,
ambient temperatures are specified on seasonal basis, and allow the people feel most comfortable, and more
wider range of operating temperatures are applied to the conventional instrument control rooms. The basic
principle for determining ambient temperatures are that under the precondition of meeting the requirements
of equipment, slightly lower temperatures for winter while a bit higher temperatures for summer, so as to
allow peoples feel comfortable while energy is saved. The specified values of humidity are suitable to the
people and static-electricity resistance.

(2). Operation Condition of Shut Down: When all production units are shut down for maintenance and DCS
system is also shut down, according to the stipulations in Clause 3.1.2, GB50174-93 "Design Code for
Electronic Computer Rooms", the temperature of idle period is 5 ~ 35 oC. But during idle period,
maintenance of DCS system shall also be carried out when it is shut down, considering the working
conditions for the maintenance personnel and that no windows are provided for some DCS control rooms,
and it is specified that the temperature is 10 ~ 32oC.

(3). Any Operation Condition: The control values of dust and chemical substances contained in air are
specified for DCS control rooms. There is no unified stipulation for such values in our country, and the
requirements of such values are different for various manufactures abroad. The specified values of H 2S and
SO2 in this Code are in conformity with that specified in "Design Specifications of Control Rooms"
HG20508-92 except that the value of Cl 2 is not listed in as time being due to its too low concentration and
difficult analysis.

4.1.8 It is newly added. Maintaining positive pressure is for the purpose of preventing outdoor air ingress
and ensuring the quality of air conditioning. However, the positive pressure shall not be too high,
otherwise, it will be difficult to open door, and the energy consumption will be increases.

4.1.9 It is newly added. The waste heat mentioned in this Clause refers to the heat released by the heat
carriers discharged from production plants on the basis of ambient temperature. In fact, it contains two
portions, the recoverable portion and unrecoverable portion. The heat balances in petrochemical enterprises
are relatively perfect, however, there are still some positions in lower zones that can be cooled with water
or air chilled by the waste heat, e.g. the liquid materials that require to be cooled, the dispersed steam,
condensate and flue gas with a temperature above 80 oC, etc. Point (1) of this Clause means that when the
condition is provided, all such recoverable waste heat shall be used as a heating source directly or through
secondary carrier to be absorbed by lithium bromine for refrigeration, so as to make full use of heat and
conserve the energy.

Besides, there is a law for the petrochemical enterprises that heat consumption of production in winter is
high while that in summer is low, but the cooling for air conditioning is required in summer. It is
recommended in Point (2) of this Clause that the thermodynamic cooling method is used in the valley
period of heat consumption for production in summer to meet the demand on cooling of air conditioning in
summer, and this will not increase the capacity of heat supply unit.

4.2 Calculation of Loads

4.2.2 It is recommended that the heat loss rates of process production equipment, pipelines, instrumentation
DCS equipment, etc. be provided by the manufacturers or by the relevant specialty, so that the load data of
air conditioning systems are correct and reliable in order to meet the requirements of use and economize
energy.

4.2.3 It is added " it shall be determined according to the maximum comprehensive hour-by-hour value of
the cooling load of each item", which is quoted from Clause 5.2.13, GBJ19-87 "Design Code for Heating,
Ventilation and Air Conditioning".

4.2.5 It is newly added. It is quoted from Clause 5.2.13, GBJ19-87 "Design Code for Heating, Ventilation
and Air Conditioning" in order to allow "Calculation of Loads" in this Code to be more complete.

4.3 System Design

4.3.1 "Number of operation shifts" mentioned in this Clause refers specifically for the shifts of operation of
the air conditioning equipment instead of the operation shifts for the production" and "the operation time"
refers to the operation hours for a whole year.

It is not so economic to combine the air conditioning systems for different temperatures of air supply.
Therefore, it is specified that the separate systems should be provided for the rooms with a permissible
room temperature variation range less than 0.5oC and a permissible room humidity variation range less
than 5%.

4.3.4 It is newly added and quoted from Clause 5.3.8, GBJ19-87 " Design Code for Heating, Ventilation
and Air Conditioning".

4.3.5 It is newly added and quoted from Clause 5.3.10, GBJ19-87 " Design Code for Heating, Ventilation
and Air Conditioning".

4.3.8 For the cubicle rooms of DCS control rooms, the cubicles are the main heat sources and most cooling
modes for the cubicles are air cooling and their air inlets are divided as bottom air inlets and side air inlets.
Considering that there is few people access to it and high heat radiation, and when it is required to have
bottom air inlet, it is recommended to have a air current composition with air supply at the bottom and from
the removable floor.
There is a low heat radiation and a larger number of people, and when air supplied at the bottom, it tends to
rise dust and have a sense of cool air blowing, therefore, it is recommended to have air supplied form the
upper part. When the cubicle rooms are not under the conditions as described in Point (1) of this Clause, air
supply from the upper part as for the control room can also be adopted so as to simplify the air conditioning
system.

When the air current composition with supply air at the upper part and return air at the bottom is adopted,
the design of supply air and return air shall prevent the bypass of supply air and return air.

The above mentioned air current composition is only recommended for use, and in the actual projects there
are also some practices that the air conditioners are located locally in the DCS control rooms with the air
supplied from the bottom and air returned from the upper part without air ducts, provided that the
requirements of the variation range of 2oC, noise and vibration are satisfied and the due consideration is
made to the nice appearance.

4.3.9 The heat radiation of instruments in the conventional control rooms is usually concentrated on the rear
of the panels. According to the surveys, the attention has been attached to the air current composition in
front of the instrument panels while the air current composition at the rear of panels has been neglected for
the air conditioning systems of some instrument control rooms, as a result, the temperature at the rear of
instrument panels is relatively high, and some chassises have been drawn out for radiation, which is an
abnormal practice and will exert bad effect onto the precision and service life of instruments. Therefore, it
is emphasized on imposing same requirements for both air current compositions in front of and at the rear
of the instrument panels.

4.3.11 The cooled media in the heat exchangers used in petrochemical production normally have a
relatively high pressure, and it tends to cause the chemical materials to leak into the cold carrying agent
(cold water) side, resulting in contamination of water, and when the chilled water system for directly
spraying water for air treatment is shared by the chilled water system of above mentioned heat exchangers,
the chemical substances contained in the chilled water shall be dispersed in the treated air. In order to
prevent the air in the air conditioning system from contamination, it is specified in this Clause that the
chilled water system for directly spraying water for air treatment and the chilled water system for the
petrochemical production units shall be provided separately.

4.3.14 It is newly added. It is a detailed provision for Clause 4.1.7. The adsorption method is primarily used
for removal of chemical substances contained in the air. At present there is a small cabinet type unit
available in our country.

4.3.15 Most of the air conditioning units used for DCS control rooms are the package unit with the
mechanical, electrical and instrument parts integrated or the equipment with a high level of automation, and
generally, it is not necessary to have a specially assigned person to operate them. Therefore, the operation
signals of air conditioning units, as well as the main control parameters of temperature and humidity should
be sent to the DCS Control Rooms for monitoring.

Since the parameters of shut down conditions of the production units shall be maintained in the DCS
Control Rooms when the production units are shut down for maintenance, the air conditioning units have to
be kept running. Therefor it is necessary to give due considerations in design to the temporary water supply
(no water is required for air-cooled type) and power supply for such case.
It is specified in Clause 5.5.6, GB50174-93 "Design Code for Electronic Computer Rooms" that "when the
computer system is required to have a long-time continuous operations, the air conditioning system shall be
provided with the stand-by unit". The operation time of general petrochemical production units are usually
above 7000 ~ 8000 h/A. Some units only have a shut down every two years or even more than 2 years, and
as for the DCS system which controls such kind of units, it is surely have to run continuously for a long
time. Moreover, even if DCS is shut down, the air conditioning system still needs to run, therefore,
consideration shall be made to the stand-by unit of air conditioning system. For stand-by mode, there are
some systems provided with a specialized stand-by unit i.e. one unit for normal operation and the other unit
as a stand by; some systems provided with two units with a capacity of 70% ~ 75% for each, and under
normal conditions only one unit is put into service and during peak time, both units are running; etc. As for
the specific stand-by mode, it shall be determined according to the practical conditions of projects.

4.3.16 Noise and vibration generated by air conditioning systems are only apart of the noise and vibration
source within buildings. When the noise and vibration generated by the system affect the requirements for
the process and operations, the design of silencing and vibration damping shall be made according to the
requirements for process and operations, i.e. the permissible noise standard and limitation of vibrations, and
the requirements for the noise and vibration frequency characteristics and their transmission mode
(transmission by air or transmission by solids), etc.

Noise generated by air conditioning systems and transmitted to the air-conditioned rooms shall comply with
the stipulations made in Table 4.3.16. This table is prepared according to the current standard "Design Code
for Noise Control of Industrial Enterprises". It is recommended to use the values in the column "should not
be larger than" generally and the values in the column "shall not be larger than" be used as the limit values.

4.3.17 It is newly added. Under the preconditions of meeting the requirements for the air current
composition, the coordination between the specialties shall be strengthened to take care of the overall nice
appearance.

5. Fire Prevention and Explosion Protection

5.1 Fire Prevention and Explosion Protection for Heating System

5.1.1 This Clause is quoted from the current National Standard "Fire Protection Codes for Building Design"
GBJ16-87 and the former USSR Building Codes "Design Code for Heating, Ventilation and Air
Conditioning" CHиП 2.04.05-86.

This Clause applies the ignition temperature of dispersed substances to the limitation of temperature of
heating medium and uses a wording "shall" for the main purpose of putting forward the basic requirements
of ensuring safety, so as to prevent flammable gases, vapor or dusts from getting in contact with the heating
equipment resulting in burning and explosion.

In this revision, the Notes indicated in Clause 3.1.10, the National Standard GBJ19-87 "Design Code for
Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning" has been noticed, which has remained certain flexibility for the
special cases in the project design. In fact, some industrial codes have increased the temperature of heating
media, as it is specified in "Design Specifications for Thermal Power Plant" DJ5000-94 that "when steam is
used as the heating medium for coal conveying buildings, its temperature shall not exceed 160 oC; as it is
specified in the National Standards "Design Code for Power Installations in Explosion and Fire Hazardous
Locations" GB50058-92 and "Manufacturing and Inspection Procedures for Explosion-Proof Electrical
Equipment" GB1336-77 that the max. permissible temperature on the surface of electrical equipment in the
hazardous locations shall be 20% lower than the min. ignition temperature of all groups of explosion-
hazardous gas mixtures or dust mixtures, as shown in Table 1 (the max. permissible temperatures on
surface of electrical equipment in T6 Group of Table 1 are only calculated values). Besides, when
determining the temperature groups of dusts, the lower value between the ignition temperature of dust
cloud and the ignition temperature of dust layer shall be taken. Based on the descriptions made above, in
case the special cases are encountered in design and it is not possible to implement the stipulations of
Points (1) and (2) in this Clause, the temperature of heating medium shall be determined according to the
max. permissible temperature on the surface of equipment corresponding to the ignition temperature groups
for dispersed substances shown in Table 1, and shall be subjected to the approval made by the Fire Fighting
Department.
Table 1 Ignition Temperature Groups and Max. Permissible Temperature on Surface of Equipment

Explosion-hazardous gas mixture Explosion-hazardous dust mixture

Group Ignition Temperature Max. permis. T Group Ignition Temperature Max. permis. T

t (oC) on surface of t (oC) on surface of

Equipment Equipment

T1 450  t 360 T11 270 < t 215

T2 300 < t  450 240 T12 200 < t  270 160

T3 200 < t  300 160 T13 150 < t  200 120

T4 135 < t  200 110

T5 100 < t  135 80

T6 85 < t  100 70

5.1.2 It is specified that the heat barrier boards shall be provided for the heating radiators installed in the
rooms for filling and storing the bottled flammable or non-flammable compressed gases and liquefied gases
in order to prevent the bottles from being over-pressurized due to radiation heat of heating radiators to
cause explosion accident.

5.1.3 By the action of water and steam, dusts dispersed during the production process can cause self-
ignition and explosion of plant buildings, e.g. the buildings for manufacturing and processing potassium,
sodium, calcium, etc., or can generate flammable or explosion-hazardous gases e.g. calcium carbide,
potassium hydride, sodium hydride, etc. which may probably cause fire and explosion accidents. Therefore,
hot air shall be used for heating such kind of plant buildings,.

Hot air shall be used for heating the buildings in which the flammable gases, vapor, dusts, fibers, etc.,
dispersed in the production process may probably cause fire when they get contact with the surface of
heating piping and radiators, e.g. carbon disulfide gas, yellow phosphorus vapor and dusts, etc.

The hot air heating for the above mentioned plant buildings shall be of direct flow type in order to prevent
the increase in concentration of flammable and explosion-hazardous substances in the plant building.

5.1.6 When the Class a and Class B plant buildings in which the flammable and explosion-hazardous gases
and vapor which are heavier than the air in rooms, or the flammable dust are dispersed, under normal
temperature, their concentration in the lower zones of rooms is higher, and when they ingress into the
trenches through gaps and build up there, they tend to cause fire or explosion when they are effected by the
hot surface of heating pipelines. Therefore, the heating piping in such plant buildings of Class A and B shall
not be laid down in the trench, and in case the trench has to be used, the trench cover shall be blocked and
the trench shall be filled with fine sand.

5.2 Fire Prevention and Explosion Protection of Ventilation and Air Conditioning System

5.2.1 In this revision, the indications originally made in the "Notes" that after the explosion-proof measures
are taken for all facilities in the plant building, air inlets are allowed to be provided in "the locations where
the explosion-hazardous gases usually will not appear under normal operation, or even if they appear, they
only appear not frequently and for a short time", has been revised as the air inlets allowed to be provided in
"Zone 2 of explosion-hazardous area" according to the stipulations made in the current National Standard
"Design Code for Power Installations in Explosion and Fire Hazardous Locations" GB50058-92. To make it
in detail, when the explosion-proof measures are taken for all the facilities in plant building, the outdoor air
intake of the air supply system is allowed to be provided in Zone 2, the reasons for that are as follows:

(1). When the explosion-proof measures are taken for all the facilities in plant building, one of the
necessary conditions sufficient for sparks, electric arc, overheat to ignite the explosion-hazardous mixture
to cause explosion is eliminated.

(2) As stated in Item 1 of Point 2, Clause 2.2.5, GB50058-92 "Design Code for Power Installations in
Explosion and Fire Hazardous Locations" that "When there is good ventilation, the class of explosion-
hazardous area shall be lowered…", that is to say, though outdoors is classified as Zone 2, it belongs to
"good ventilation". Therefore, it is safe to provide the air intake in Zone 2 outdoor area under the conditions
as above mentioned.

(3). The experience in operations in petrochemical enterprises of our country for many years proves that
when all the facilities in the plant building are provided with explosion-proof measures, there is no such
case as the accidents are caused by the air intake located in outdoor Zone 2 for the air supply system.

5.2.3 This Clause applies the stipulations made in the current National Standard "Fire Protection Code for
Building Design".

Equipment, valves, flanges, etc. in Class A and Class B production plant buildings tend to leak flammable
or explosion-hazardous substances, and the concentration of the harmful substances in the plant building
will become higher and higher as time elapses. Therefore, Class A and Class B production plant buildings
shall be provided with good ventilation and air change. The indoor air shall be exhausted to the outdoor
timely and shall not be recycled.

There are flammable dusts and fibers in Class C production plant building, and they tend to cause fire,
therefore, the air in such plant building shall not be recycled. The air can be recycled only when the dust
filter is provided before ventilator to purify the air and make the content of dusts and fibers in the air have
no fire-hazard and comply with the current standard "Health Standard for Industrial Enterprise Designs".

5.2.4 For the overall and local air exhaust systems directly installed in Class A and Class B production plant
buildings, and the local air exhaust systems installed in the plant buildings of other classes for removing the
air containing explosion-hazardous substances, since the air both inside and outside the system contains
burnable or explosion-hazardous substances and may probably cause fire or explosion accidents in case
sparks occur, therefore, both their ventilators and motor shall be explosion-proof type, meanwhile, the
ventilators and motors shall be coupled directly, because the V-belt driving shall generate static electricity.

When the exhausters are installed in a separate exhauster room, the exhausters and motors are allowed to be
driven by V-belt because the air environmental conditions in the room are better than that in the plant
building.

5.2.5 Explosion-hazardous type shall be selected to use for draft blowers and motors installed in the
explosion-hazardous environment. It is specified in this clause that when the draft blowers and motors are
installed in draft blower rooms outside the explosion-hazardous environment, the general type of blowers
and motors can be selected for use because the air delivered by blowers is relatively clean, however, check
valves shall be installed on the main pipes at the outlets of blowers, so as to prevent the flammable or
explosion-hazardous gases from the explosion-hazardous environment from returning to the blower rooms
through air ducts when blowers are shut down.

5.2.7 As specified in Point (2), Clause 2.2.2 of the current National Standard GB50058-92 "Design Code
for Power Installations in Explosion and Fire Hazardous Locations" that "the locations where the
inflammable substances with the max. concentration not exceed 10% of the explosion lower limit value
may occur, can be classified as non-explosion hazardous area. There is few flammable and explosion-
hazardous substances used for the operation in ventilation cabinet, and there is a relatively large volume of
air at a very low concentration. Non-explosion-proof type exhausters and motors were often used in the
exhaust system for the ventilation cabinets of laboratories and analysis rooms in the petrochemical
enterprises in our country.

5.2.8 There may be probably leakage of flammable or explosion-hazardous gases from the exhaust
equipment in the ventilator rooms of Class A and Class B production plant buildings. It is specified that the
exhaust equipment and air supply equipment for Class A and Class B production plant buildings shall not
be laid out in same ventilator rooms in order to prevent the above-mentioned gases from being delivered
again into Class A and Class B plant buildings.

When the air supply equipment used for Class A and Class B production plant buildings and that used for
Classes C, D and E production plant buildings are laid out in a same blower room, it is specified that check
valve shall be installed at the outlet of each blower in order to prevent the flammable or explosion-
hazardous gases from returning to the blower room when any of the air supply systems stops.

5.2.9 ~ 5.2.12 These clauses specify the requirements for arranging the dust removers used to remove the
burnable and explosion hazardous substances. The purpose is to minimize the affected ranges as much as
possible when fire or explosion emergency occurs. There are some cases both at home and abroad that
serious personal injury or death accidents are resulted from the explosion of the ventilation dust removing
equipment. The corresponding stipulations are made in these Clauses with reference to the former USSR
Building Code "Design Code for Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning". In this revision, modifications
are made according to Clauses 4.6.13, 4.6.14, 4.6.15 and 4.6.20.

5.2.13 The purpose of this Clause is to minimize the affected ranges as much as possible once the explosion
emergency occurs.

Since in petrochemical enterprises there are individual pumps and tanks that are used for production, are
located in the basement or semi-basement meanwhile the ventilation systems that serve them, have
provided the rooms with good ventilation conditions, it is allowed to install the ventilation equipment and
air ducts in the basement or semi-basement as long as the explosion-proof measures are taken
conscientiously.

5.2.14 When static electricity builds up to certain extent, static discharge will occur, and it will probably
cause explosion of explosion-hazardous gases or dusts. Therefore, the material with high conductivity shall
be used to earth the equipment and ducts in the ventilation systems and in the local exhaust systems for
removing the air containing explosion-hazardous substances for Class A and Class B production plant
buildings.

5.2.15 This Clause is modified according to Clause 9.3.12, "Fire Protection Codes for Building Design"
GBJ16-87. It is applicable to all ventilation and air conditioning systems including plenums and the
positive-pressure draft system for motors.

5.2.17 It is newly added and quoted from Clause 9.3.10, "Fire Protection Codes for Building Design"
GBJ16-87.

5.2.19 In the petrochemical production plants that are imported from foreign countries and designed in our
country in recent years, the flammable gas detectors are provided in the locations and plenums where the
flammable and explosion-hazardous gases and vapor tend to be dispersed or accumulated. When the design
concentration is reached, an alarm signal shall be activated automatically. It is very important to ensuring
safety production, therefore, it is recommended in this Clause.

The number of detection points shall be determined according to the size and the hazard degree of
production plant, and generally, there will be no less than 2 points.

The settings of concentration alarm are specified according to Item 4, Point (3) of Clause 2.1.3 of "Design
Code for Power Installations in Explosion and Fire Hazardous Locations" GB50058-92 that "automatic
monitoring devices shall be provided in the locations where the explosive mixture tends to generate and
accumulate within the area, and alarm signals shall be activated when the gas or vapor concentrations are
close to 50% of the lower limit of explosion …"; the setting of concentration alarm for the plenums is 25%
of lower limit of explosion, which is established according to Note 1 of Clause 5.1 , Section 13, IEC
(International Electrotechnical Commission) Standard.

5.2.20 Since there is a relatively large probability of fire and explosion in Class A and Class B production
plant buildings, the air supply and air exhaust systems provided in the plant buildings run generally all the
year around as the production goes on. It is recommended to set up indication lights in the production
control rooms, operation rooms or locations facilitating the observations of operators, in order to monitor
the operation conditions of ventilation system and know timely the operation conditions for ventilation
equipment.

5.2.21 It is newly added according to Clause 10.3.4 of National Standard GBJ16-87 "Fire Protection Codes
for Building Design".

5.2.23 When the control valves of ventilation system are made from carbon steel, accidents may be
probably resulted from sparks generated by intense friction of moving parts and impacting of valve parts
and piping walls. Therefore, explosion-proof measures shall be taken for the moving parts and valves of the
ventilation systems and the local exhaust systems for exhausting air containing explosion-hazardous
substances located within Class A and Class B production plant buildings.

5.3 Plenums

5.3.1 In petrochemical production plants, some electrical rooms, instrument control rooms, analysis rooms,
etc., have to be located in the explosion-hazardous area due to the limitation of conditions. All the electrical
equipment, instruments and analysis equipment in those rooms belong to the non-explosion type, and there
are many contacts which tend to generate sparks and electric arcs and are distributed widely, and it is
difficult to make local explosion-proof disposition for them. In this case, the rooms shall be designed as
plenums. The positive draft system shall continuously supply sufficient volume of clean air to rooms and
maintain the rooms at a certain positive pressure to prevent the outside explosion-hazardous gases from
ingression into rooms. In this case, although the plenums are located in the explosion-hazardous area, the
inside of rooms belongs to the non-explosion hazardous environment.

There are specific stipulations and requirements for the provision of plenums in the International
Electrotechnical Commission Standard IEC79-13 (1982).

A part of petrochemical plants either designed in our country or imported from abroad are provided with
such kind of plenums. As verified by the practices of projects, plenums are safe and feasible.

5.3.2 The tight building enclosure is a key link to maintain the design positive pressure for plenums with
minimum supply air rate. Self-locked handles shall be provided on the exterior doors of plenums, and it is
not allowed to use the free-type spring doors.

5.3.4 It is specified in Clause 6.2 of the International Electrotechnical Commission Standard IEC79-13
(1982) that "…when the doors and windows are closed, the minimum overpressure of 25Pa shall be
maintained with respect to the outdoor atmosphere".

In the past, positive pressure of 2 ~ 8mm H 2O (approx. 20 ~ 80Pa) is taken as the design value of positive
pressure for the plenums. The design value of positive pressure for the plenums in the chemical plants
imported from foreign countries is 3 ~ 10mm H2O (approx. 30 ~ 100Pa).

In combination with the design experiences of our country and foreign countries and the stipulations made
in IEC Standard, it is defined in this Clause that the design value of inside positive pressure is 25 ~60Pa
equal to the theoretical air pressure at wind speed of 6.45 ~ 10m/s. Normally, the positive pressure value
should not be too large, otherwise, it is difficult to open and close the exterior doors.

5.3.5 Fresh air volume supplied to the plenums shall be the effective air volume for maintaining positive
pressure.

The calculation method for number of air changes put forward in Note  of this Clause is relatively simple
one. However, since the positive pressure air volume of plenums has no direct relationship with the volume
of rooms, air change times/h method is only approximate calculation. In this revision, number of air
changes has been adjusted slightly.

5.3.6 To provide positive pressure vents for plenums can reliably and steadily control design positive
pressure values and rationally control the air current composition and air replacement.

There are several types of positive pressure control devices, such as differential pressure type air flow
motorized control valve, differential pressure type motorized overbottom pressure valve, mechanical
overbottom pressure valve, filtering-type vent, etc. The former two types have a high sensitivity and
reliability, however, there is no explosion-proof type for them. The mechanical overbottom pressure valve
is of simple design, easy for installation and at a lower cost, however, it needs relatively good service and
maintenance. Filtering-type vent is simple and economic and has no moving parts, but the resistance is high
after it is contaminated with dusts, and needs cleaning and adjustment.

Requirements of overbottom pressure type vents for installation orientations are mainly for preventing the
effect of outdoor wind pressure in order to maintain the stability of positive pressure values for plenums.

5.3.7 Plenums are often used for the electrical rooms, instrument control rooms, analysis rooms, etc., in the
petrochemical enterprises, which are the power maincenter, command maincenter and quality control center
for production, as well as an important part of the production plants. Whether the plenums can work
continuously and reliably relates to whether the production activities can be performed safely and normally.
Relatively high reliability is required for the positive draft system in terms of equipment and power supply
for the plenums in petrochemical plants abroad.

5.3.8 It is specified in this Clause that it is not allowed to open simultaneously two passes of plenums.
Because the opening of exterior doors is large and exterior doors are often opened and closed, even if they
are opened for a short while, the positive pressure value will drop down rapidly, and the positive pressure
conditions of plenums will be destroyed.

5.3.9 Before start up of the draft system for the plenums, the positive pressure is not ensured and the indoor
air is not replaced, and there may probably exist explosion-hazardous gases in plenums. Therefore, the
electrical switches for the positive draft system located in the plenums shall be of explosion-proof type, and
it is required that the power supply and start-up and shut-down procedures for the draft system shall comply
with the stipulations of clauses.

5.3.10 Positive pressure indication instrument shall be provided in plenums, so that the positive pressure
values are indicated at any time and the operation conditions of positive draft system can be known.

For the disposition of the loss of pressure, it is modified in this Clause that after the pressure has been lost
for 1min., the alarm is actuates and the stand-by ventilator is put into operation automatically, taking into
consideration that the loss of pressure due to opening of doors is allowed to be recovered within I minute,
in order to prevent frequent alarms. It is not specified that the indoor power supply shall be cut off
automatically, mainly considering that most of the electrical devices and instruments in the plenums are
directly related to the production plants and cutting off the power supply of plenums will result in the shut
down of production plants. As everyone knows, most of the chemical plants are running continuously for
production, and the worst danger is power failure and shut down. Therefore, when the consideration is
made to the safety of plenums, the stable production will also be ensured. The supply cut-off and shut down
procedures shall not be taken unless there is no way out. In case the loss of pressure continues after the
stand-by ventilators are put into service, the emergent action shall be taken by the operators in field
according to the specific conditions and even cut off power supply and shut down the unit.

5.4 Positive Draft for Motors

5.4.1 Motors and auxiliaries with positive draft shall comply with the requirements for the explosion-proof
structure of positive draft type. The clean air is injected continuously into the enclosures of motors and their
auxiliaries to make the pressure at any point within the enclosures higher than the ambient pressure. The
positive pressure shall be sufficient to prevent outside gases from ingression into the enclosures, so as to
realize the explosion-proof purpose.

5.4.2 The specifications for the interior positive pressure values of motors made in

the relevant standards at home and abroad or projects are as follows:

(1). It is specified in Point 4 of Clause 5.2.4, GB50058-92 "Design Code for Power Installations in
Explosion and Fire Hazardous Locations", that "the air pressure in electrical equipment and its ventilation
systems under operations shall not be lower than 50Pa…".

(2). It is specified in Clause 12, International Electrotechnical Commission IEC 79-2 (3 rd Revision, 1983)
that "a minimum overpressure of 0.05kPa with respect to the exterior atmosphere shall be maintained at
any possible leaking position within enclosure and connection piping".
(3). It is specified in the Japanese Specifications "Explosion Protection Guide for Electrical Equipment"
that all parts within electrical equipment shall be maintained at a pressure 5mm H 2O higher than the
pressure around the equipment.

(4). The design internal pressure of a synchronous motor and its auxiliary geared tandem exciter for a
compressor imported from the UK by some plant is not less than 0.5in H2O (12.7mm H2O).

This Clause is revised according 50Pa as specified in the current National Standard GB50058-92.

5.4.3 As verified by calculation and practice, the air volume for the air-cooled motor is far more than the air
volume required for maintaining the positive pressure. Therefore, the calculated air volume to meet the
requirement for cooling of the air-cooled motor can fully satisfy the requirement for positive pressure.

The design ambient temperature for general motors used at the altitude below 1000m above sea level is
40oC. Therefore, it is specified in this Clause that the inlet air temperature shall not exceed 40 oC. As the
temperature of cooling air is too high, the power output of motor shall be decreased. For the relationship
between the cooling air temperature and power output of motor, see Table 2.

Table 2: Relationship between Cooling Air Temperature and Power Output of Motor

Cooling air temperature (oC) 30 35 40 45 50 55

Rise or drop of power output (%) +8 +5 0 -5 -12.5 -25

When motors are used in areas at high altitude, the inlet air temperature shall be determined according to
the manufacturer's data of motors when the motors belong to special design. In case there is a lack of
information, the specifications of "Specifications for Motors Used in Areas at High Altitude" as shown in
Table 3 shall be implemented.

Table 3: Relationship between Altitude and Cooling Air Temperature

Altitude (m) 1000 2000 3000 4000

Cooling air temperature (oC) 40 35 30 25

The air outlet temperature of motors should not be too high or too low. If it is too high, it is not beneficial to
the cooling of motors while if it is too low, it will make air volume increase resulting in more energy
consumption. The differential temperature between inlet air and outlet air varies with the internal air current
composition within motors and the construction of ventilating slots, and generally, it will be about 12 ~
18oC.

The requirements of minimum inlet air temperatures for motors are not identical, it is generally required to
be 0oC ~ -5oC. In cold areas, there is a very long period for the outdoor air temperature in winter below 0 oC
or -5oC. If direct air flow is used for positive draft of motors, the air needs heating, and it is obviously not
reasonable. Therefore, it is necessary first to request the motor manufacturer to supply the positive draft
type motors suitable to the low temperature inlet air, then the consideration shall be made to designing a
positive draft system which can be partially recycled in winter. Heating air method shall not be used unless
the above methods can not be used.

5.4.4 Closed-loop air recycling type positive draft system consists of air cooler, recycle cooling ventilator
and air filter, make-up air constant pressure ventilator and air ducts, etc. Both ventilators run continuously
and simultaneously.
The make-up air constant pressure point is located at the inlet side of recycle cooling ventilator and it
allows the make-up air ventilator to ensure the design pressure value for all parts within whole positive
draft system with a minimum head.

When the positive draft system and motor enclosures are relatively tight, the leakage from the system shall
not exceed 10% of the recycle air volume.

5.4.5 This Clause is revised according to the stipulations of Point 5, Clause 2.5.4, GB50058-92 "Design
Code for Power Installations in Explosion and Fire Hazardous Locations".

5.4.6 The closed-loop air recycle positive draft system for motors is a tightly closed loop, but during idle
period it is hard to avoid ingression of explosion-hazardous gases into system through gaps. Therefore,
before the start up of main motor, the air in the loop shall be purged by make-up air constant pressure
ventilator, and it is required to install the vents which can be opened and shut-off. The vents shall be
opened during the purge and shut off after the purge. The vents are designed to be opened or shut
automatically or manually, depending on the automation level of the production plant by the design.

5.4.7 The major rotary machinery for maintaining positive pressure in main motor is ventilator. The main
purpose of providing stand-by ventilator is to ensure that the main motor will not lose pressure due to the
failure of ventilator, so that production and safety will not be affected.

However, ventilator is after all, simple rotary equipment with a low failure rate. There is few cases in
production practice that the main motor is forced to shut down due to the failure of ventilator. Therefore,
the specific conditions for probably not necessary to provide stand-by ventilator are specified in the clause.

5.4.8 It is suggested to provide positive pressure value indicating instrument and inlet air and outlet air
temperature sensing instrument in order to determine whether the positive draft system is normal.

For the emergency disposition of pressure lose, it is specified in Point (4) of Clause 2.5.4, GB50058-92
"Design Code for Power Installations in Explosion and Fire Hazardous Locations", that "…When air
pressure is lower than 50Pa, the main power supply shall be cut off and signal sent automatically". The
practice of cutting off main power supply automatically is recommended in this Clause, and for the reason,
please refer to the explanatory note of Clause 5.3.10.

5.4.10 The positive draft system is an important part of major motor and their power supply load class shall
be the same, in order to eliminate the possibility that the major motor is endangered by the failure in power
supply of positive draft system.
Appendix A - Calculated Indoor Temperatures for Heating in Winter
The calculated indoor temperatures for heating of a part of production plant buildings and annexes in
petrochemical enterprises in winter as listed in Table A, are the data used in the design previously.

In this revision, slight adjustment has been made.

Appendix B - Number of Air Changes of Petrochemical Shops
In the past, the relevant data of former USSR were used for the number of air changes of petrochemical
shops, and at the beginning of 1960s' measurements and determinations were made to some shops. This
table is worked out with references of the number of air changes for the petrochemical plants imported
from the Europe, the America and Japan after 1972 and the former USSR Code "Technical Practice of
Health and Safety for Chemical Enterprises" (1997) and the data supplied by the domestic design units.

It is necessary to state hereby that the selection of number of air changes for the petrochemical shops shall
be based on the production scale, size of plant building, density of equipment arrangement, production
process flow, operations conditions, level of maintenance management, as well as the perfection degree of
safety facilities. In this revision, few adjustment has been made to the number of air changes listed in Table
B. It should be emphasized that the method of number of air changes are not so scientific, and it shall not
be used to determine the overall air volume unless there is lack of data.

Taking into consideration that the equipment arranged in the auxiliary shops varies greatly, the originally
indicated number of air changes for auxiliary shops is not suitable. Therefore, it is not included in this
revision.
Appendix C - Number of Air Changes of Plenums
The numbers of air changes in Table C are quoted from Table 6-5 of "Technical Measures for Design of
Heating, Ventilation, Air Conditioning and Refrigeration", but the values have been rounded out and
extended.

In this revision, the numbers of air changes have been increased slightly. It is necessary to state that as
plenums, their tightness shall not be relatively poor, but should be relatively good or very good.

Fresh air rate necessary for ensuring the positive pressure values of plenums shall be determined first by
calculations made on the basis of air leaking rate of building enclosures at a positive pressure of the design
value. The method of number of air changes shall be used only when there is lack of data for calculations.