“The Feasibility of Saba Peels as Source for Bioplastic”

A Junior Research Project

Presented to the

Faculty of Leonides S. Virata

Memorial School

Rio Tuba Bataraza, Palawan

In Partial Fulfilment

For the requirements

For Grade 9

Belarmino, Marc Roan Zane R.

Calderon, Kobe D.

Diola, Jared B.

Gamo, Louelle Keana Ciatrice T.

Lasapin, Janina P.

Once, Thea Kristy D.

Pineda, Lastly Pearl M.

Ventura, Rechelle Rien J.

September 2023
Approval Sheet

The study is entitled “The Feasibility of Saba Peels as Source for Bioplastic”

prepared and submitted by Marc Roan Zane R. Belarmino, Kobe D. Calderon, Jared B. Diola,

Louelle Keana Ciatrice T. Gamo, Janina P. Lasapin, Thea Kristy D. Once, Lastly Pearl M.

Pineda, Rechelle Rien J. Ventura in partial fulfillment of the requirements for grade 9 has been

examine and recommended for an oral examination.

Vanessa Jean D. Araez

Research Adviser

Approved in the fulfillment of the requirement for Grade 9 by the Panel of Examiners.

Mrs. Hilda H. Isla Ms. Ronalyn C. Dalojo

English Teacher Mathematics Teacher

Ms. Vanessa Jean D. Araez Mrs. Lore Jen T. Cabudol

Science Teacher Araling Panlipunan Teacher

Page 2
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

First and foremost, the researchers praise and give thanks to the Almighty God for his showers of

blessing for conclude the research paper to complete the researchers successfully.

Furthermore, the researchers could not be so proud without the help of the individuals, who

pushed the research to complete this study. The researchers would like to thank the gratitude to

the teacher, students, and parents.

Similarly, to all the mentors who guided us in pursuing this study, namely:

Ms. Vanessa Jean D. Araez, their research teacher. The researchers thank for the guidance,

teaching, and support as they conducted the study.

Mrs. Hilda H. Isla, for support and by sharing knowledge about the researchers study. The

researchers also thank for showing the researchers how to make an error free paper.

Ms. Ronalyn C. Dalojo, for astounding skill in Mathematics that aided the researchers in

analyzing data and to valuable equations that would answer the research hypothesis to make

strong conclusions.

Mrs. Lore Jen T. Cabudol, for providing the researchers needed data from the respondents in

Araling Panlipunan subject. The researchers really acknowledge allotting time in summarizing

the list of raw scores from the students.

Page 3
TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

Title page……………………………………………………………………………….

Approval Sheet ii

Acknowledgement…………………………………………………………….....……. iii

Table of contents………………………………………………………………………. iv-v

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study…………………………………………………….. 6

Statement of the Problem……………………………………………………. 7

Objectives ………………………….………………………………………… 7

Significance of the Study…………………………………………………….. 8

Scope and Delimitation of the Study………………………………………… 9

Defenition of Terms………………………………………………………...... 10

CHAPTER II METHODOLOGY

Materials…………………………………………………………………….. 11

Procedure…………………………………………………………………….. 11

Documentation / Photos……………………………………………………… 12
Page 4
Design ….……………………………………………………………………. 13

CHAPTER III PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF

DATA

Data Gathered…………………………………………………………………. 14-17

CHAPTER IV SUMARY, CONCLUSION, AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Summary…………………………………………………………………….. 18

Conclusion…………………………………………………………………… 19

Presentation of Data…………………………………………………………19-20

Recommendation……………………………………………………………...20

Bibliography……………..…………………………………………………….21

Page 5
CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

Background of the study

Bioplastic

Bioplastics are a type of plastic that is made with sustainable materials and products, therefore

making the product naturally sustainable. These types of plastics are made from food products

with a high starch and fiber content, making the product durable. This product can be a great

alternative for traditional plastics, which are made out of non-biodegradable materials and

chemicals that can affect the environment in general. According to sciencedirect.com, bioplastics

are plastics that can be made from natural resources like vegetable oils and starches. Bioplastics

made from renewable resources can be recycled naturally by biological processes. Some

bioplastics are produced directly from natural biopolymers such as polysaccharides and protein,

while others are chemically synthesized from sugar derivatives and lipids (oils and fats) derived

from plants or animals, or biologically produced through sugar or lipid fermentation

(wikipedia.org.).

Saba Peels

Saba banana peels is a great source of making bioplastic, due to its starch content. Not only can it

help reduce waste in the community, but it can also be a potential ingredient in making

bioplastic. The polymer produced using the banana peel blended with glycerol could help in the

formation of plastic having the characteristic features of liability, user friendliness and strength.

(Veena,2022) Saba Peels are known as biodegradable peel that causes more of waste which is the

banana peel that increase the waste of Saba in our community that affects our environment.
Page 6
Statement of the Problem

This research will provide answers to the following questions:

1. Is there any significance difference in the performance of Saba peels as bioplastic in

terms of?

a. Durability

b. Texture

c. Odor

2. Is the created bioplastic usable by the general public in terms of:

a. Durability

b. Texture

c. Odor

3. Will the bioplastic made from Saba peels be utilized to make different products?

Objective

This study aims to produce alternative products that can help the community to lessen the

problems regarding plastics. To determine whether there is a significant difference in the

performance of Saba peels as bioplastic, to know whether bioplastic can be made into variety of

products and if it is usable by the general public in terms of:

Odor:

Texture:

Durability:
Page 7
Significance of the Study

Students.

Students who are interested in jobs in this field of research may find the knowledge they gain

from this research helpful. In conclusion, a study on the viability of using ripe Saba peels as a

source for bioplastics can provide students with valuable educational information that piques

their curiosity and equips them for the opportunities and challenges of the future.

Parents.

As the researchers observe, one of the problems of parent is recycling waste. This research will

help parent to reduce their waste and using the product from waste, they can work more efficient.

It is also low budget product so they can do it at home and it is less harmful.

School.

The majority of schools use plastic to store their waste and prohibited items. Additionally, the

goal of this study is to produce bioplastic using Saba peels as a source without compromising the

school's commitment to environmental protection. This will have an impact on how much plastic

is used on a daily basis.

Community.

The significance of Saba peels as a source for bio-plastics is to address waste management

challenges, reduce plastic pollution, and contribute to the development of a more sustainable and

environmentally friendly community.

Page 8
Economy.

This kind of ecofriendly plastics that is cheap and useful, can provide the country's economy to

have a powerful impact towards the environment and businesses, as it only requires food waste

such as “Saba Peels” that may help the companies and local businesses provide non-toxic and

budget friendly plastics to its customers.

Scope and Delimitation

The study will assess the feasibility of using Saba peels as a source for biodegradable plastics

wherein it will examine the durability and quality of Saba peels. In addition, it also include the

number Saba peels that is needed to create one bioplastic product specifically, within Rio Tuba.

The researchers conducted this study on October 2023.

Page 9
Definition of Terms

Polymers. synthetic substances composed of very large molecules, called macromolecules.

(britannica.com)

Cellulose. a molecule, consisting of hundreds or even thousands of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen

atoms.(bbc.co.uk)

Synthesized. make something by combining different things.(britannica.com)

Starch. a form of glucose present in plants as storage with two components, amylose and

amylopectin.(sciencedirect.com)

Biodegradable. the ability of things to disintegrate (decompose) as they are incorporated into the

natural environment by the action of microorganisms such as bacteria or fungi (with or without

oxygen). (youmatter.world)

Bio-base. substances made entirely of matter obtained from alive (or deceased) organisms.

(stahl.com)

Banana. a long, curved fruit with a yellow skin and soft, sweet flesh inside.

(dictionary.cambridge.org)

Page 10
CHAPTER II

Methodology

In this chapter, the researcher discussed the materials, procedures and research design on

conducting this study.

Materials:

The materials needed for the experiment are Saba peels, water, glycerol, stove, food

coloring(optional),white vinegar.

Procedures:

The method on this product is First, gather all the necessary materials and prepare the required

equipment Second, proceed to mix them in a pan, leaving out the food coloring. The food

coloring is optional and otherwise, the bioplastic will be clear or transparent. Third, use a

silicone or heat-resistant spatula to stir and blend all the ingredients until well combined.

Continue stirring gently until all the lumps dissolve. If the mixture appears milky and watery;

this is normal at this stage of the bioplastic-making process. Fourth, after all the ingredients are

well mixed, place the pot on the stove and set the heat to medium. Stir the ingredients

continuously and gently as they heat, until the mixture comes to a boil. As it heats, the mixture

will thicken and become clearer or transparent. Maintain the heat for about 10-15 minutes, but be

careful not to overheat the mixture to avoid forming lumps. Lastly, pour it in aluminum foil and

choose the shape for your Bioplastic.

Page 11
Picture #1 Saba Peels Picture#2 Water

Picture#3 Electric stove Picture#4 Vinegar

Page 12
Picture#5 Glycerol Picture#6 Food coloring

Design

The descriptive statistics research design will be used in this study to achieve the research

objectives and address the various problems presented. The researchers chose this design to

investigate whether Saba peels can be used to make bioplastic. According to academic coup,

descriptive statistics refers to information that has been analyzed in order to reveal the basic

features of data collected or used in a study (Fowler, 2013). Descriptive statistics refers to

information that has been analyzed in order to reveal the basic features of data collected or used

in a study (Fowler,2013). The collection of data starts after the plastic has been made. After the

plastic has been made, the researchers will test the plastic for durability. The researchers will

record how the product responds to different weights (in kilogram), in this case. The researchers

will also test the quality of the plastic in terms of texture and odor. In this way, the researchers

can ascertain how the plastic can withstand different tests, products and weights, and therefore

find out if the plastic is strong, durable and pleasing enough to be used. After the data is

gathered, the researchers will present the findings made

Page 13

after the experiment.

CHAPTER III

PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

This chapter presents the results, the analysis and interpretation of data gathered from the

answers to the questionnaires distributed to the field. The said data were presented in tabular

form in accordance with the specific questions posited on the statement of the problem.

Collection of Data

Test 1

Is there any significance difference in the performance of saba peel as bioplastic in terms of:

Materials Result

1 gram vinegar Odor: NA

Page 14
20 grams starch from banana peels(dissolve Texture: NA

distilled water)
Durability: NA

15 gram glycerol

Is the created bioplastic usable by the general public in terms of:

Materials Result

1 gram vinegar
Odor: NA

20 grams starch from banana peels(dissolve

Texture: NA
distilled water)
Durability: NA
15 gram glycerol

In the table above are the listed materials needed to process the bioplastic. In this trial, the

plastic didn’t form due to the poor molecular bond from the starch of the peels. The texture was

sticky, and the odor smelled like vinegar.

Page 15
Test 2

Is there any significance difference in the performance of saba peel as bioplastic in terms of:

Is the created bioplastic usable by the general public in terms of:

Materials Result

2 grams vinegar Odor: NA

40 grams starch from banana peels(dissolved Texture: Success

in distilled water)
Durability: NA

20 grams glycerol

Materials Result
Page 16
2 grams vinegar Odor: NA

40 grams starch from banana peels(dissolved Texture: Success

in distilled water)
Durability: NA

20 grams glycerol

The peels utilized slowly increased in the second trial. The texture slightly improved, but the

durability and the odor did not improve.

Test 3

Is there any significance difference in the performance of saba peel as bioplastic in terms of

Materials Result

5 grams vinegar Odor: Success

136 grams starch from banana Texture: Success

peels(dissolved in distilled water)

Durability: NA

32 grams glycerol
Page 17

Materials Result
5 grams vinegar Odor: Success

136 grams starch from banana

peels(dissolved in distilled water) Texture: Success

32 grams glycerol
Durability: NA

Is the created bioplastic usable by the general public in terms of:

The table shows that the peels used to make the plastic increased, which in turn, improved the

product in terms of its texture and odor. However, the durability can’t measured yet due to the

long drying time of the plastic to form.

Page 18
CHAPTER IV
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION, AND RECOMMENDATIONS

The chapter presents the summary, conclusion, and recommendation drawn from this
research.

Summary

Saba banana peels is a great source of making bioplastic, due to its starch content. Saba Peels are

also known as biodegradable peel that causes more of waste which is the banana peel that

increases the waste in our community that affects our environment. Bioplastics are a type of

plastic that is made with sustainable materials and products, therefore making the product

naturally sustainable. Bioplastics are made from renewable resources can be recycled naturally

by biological processes. The purpose of this study is to investigate the potential of using Saba

banana peels in the production of bioplastics. The research produced varied outcomes. The initial

experiment led to a bioplastic that had several undesirable traits such as a strong, unpleasant

smell, a coarse surface, and a lack of resilience, making it unfit for general use. Nonetheless, the

second attempt showed an improvement in the texture issue, but the problems related to the odor

and durability remained.

The data and observations were gathered and the results will give us the general truth. As a result

test one didn’t meet the expectation of a bioplastic. The texture was sticky, and the odor smelled

like vinegar. In addition, test two the texture slightly improved, but the durability and the odor

did not improve. Lastly, test three turns out that the peels used to make the plastic increased,

which in turn, improved the product in terms of its texture and odor.
Page 19
Conclusion

In conclusion, the study has shown that Saba peels could potentially be used as a raw material for

bioplastic production, but the process requires further optimization to yield a marketable product.

The main obstacles faced were inconsistent texture, offensive smell, and lack of robustness.

Despite these challenges, the research sheds light on the intricate process of creating bioplastics

from agricultural waste, offering valuable knowledge for future studies.

Is there any significance difference in the performance of Saba peels as

bioplastic in terms of:

35

30

25

20

15

10

0
Test 1 Test 2 Test 3

Texture Odor Durability

The table shows the difference between test 1, test 2, and test 3 in their performance on texture.

odor, and durability. Page 20

Is the created bioplastic usable by the general public in terms of:

35

30

25

20

15

10

0
Test 1 Test 2 Test 3

Texture Odor Durability

The

table shows the difference between test 1, test 2, and test 3 in their performance on texture. odor,

and durability.

Recommendation

The researchers recommend future researchers to investigate more viable, or more ideal ways of

processing raw organic materials to make bioplastic, so that the products made can be of more

quality to the community, that can be safely used by everyone. The researchers also recommend

to use organic materials with more starch content, so that the product yielded, will have more

formed molecular bonds, which improves the overall durability of the product. And finally, the

researchers recommend future researchers to invest more in making better bioplastic, because

this research is just a small fraction of what the technology can do to solve the world’s problem

of organic leftovers, and this technology can reduce worldwide waste.

Page 21
Page 22
BIBLIOGRAPHY

It is stated here all of the sites and authors that is used as to promote the foundation of the

experiment.

britannica.com. Definition of polymers and synthesized.

sciencedirect.com. Bioplastics that are made from natural resources and renewable resources.

Veena, 2022. Uses of Saba banana peels.

youmatter.world. Definition of Biodegradable.

stahl.com. Definition of Bio-Base.

Dictionary.cambridge.org. Definition of banana.

Fowler, 2013. Definition of descriptive statistics.

bbc.co.uk. Definition of cellulose.

Page 23