3/17/22, 5:56 PM Solutions for The Trail Babur, Humayun and Sher Shah

 The Trail

 Babur, Humayun and Sher Shah

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Q1. Fill in the blanks:

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a. Babur lost both ______________________ and .b igsla
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________________________ and became a homeless wanderer. In 1504
CE, he became the ruler of _______________________.
b. Humayun lacked the _________________________ necessary to
____________________________ the vast empire he had inherited.
c. Sher Shah based his administration on the principle of a
___________________ state.
d. Sher Shah went on regular ______________________ of inspection and
set up an efficient _________________________ system.
e. Sher Shah established a large _____________________ army and
introduced several reforms to make it ____________________,
_____________________ and ________________________.​

a) Babur lost both Farghana and Samarkand and became a homeless

wanderer. In 1504 CE, He became the ruler of Kabul.

b) Humayun lacked the qualities necessary to consolidate the vast empire he

had inherited.

c) Sher Shah based his administration on the principle of a welfare state.

d) Sher Shah went on regular tours of inspection and set up an efficient spy
system.

e) Sher Shah established a large standing army and introduced several

reforms to make it disciplined, efficient and strong.

Q2. Choose the corect answer:

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1. In 1522 CE, Ibrahim Lodi / Sher Khan Suri / Daulat w .bi
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invited Babur to invade India.
2. With the help of the Shah of Persia / Afghanistan / Sind, Humayun
returned to India in the year 1555 CE.
3. Sher Shah divided his empire into 47 sarkars / parganas / villages.
4. The rupia introduced by Sher Shah was made of gold / silver /
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copper.
5. Sher Shah's greatest achievement was the construction of new roads
/ issuing of coins / his revenue system.

1) In 1522 CE, Daulat Khan Lodi invited Babur to invade India.

2) With the help of the Shah of Persia, Humayun returned to India in the year
1555 CE.

3) Sher Shah divided his empire into 47 sarkars.

4) The rupiya introduced by Sher Shah was made of silver.

5) Sher Shah's greatest achievement was his revenue system.

Q3. Why did Daulat Khan Lodi invite Babur to invade India?
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Daulat Khan Lodi invited Babur to invade India in order to overthrow s la te.c
Ibrahim
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Lodi, the cruel and unpopular sultan of Delhi. www

Q4. Between whom was the First Battle of Panipat fought?

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The First Battle of Panipat was fought between Babur and Ibrahim s
Lodi
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1526 CE.

Q5. What was the significance of the Battle of Panipat (1526 CE)?
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The Battle of Panipat fought in 1526 CE was significant because .it s
was
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the victory in this battle that Babur was made the emperor w
of Hindustan. It
was also the first of many hurdles that Babur had to overcome in order to
establish himself as the supreme and sovereign authority.

Q6. What is the name of Babur's autobiography?

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The name of Babur's autobiography is Tuzuk-i-Baburi. . bigs
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Q7. Who was Humayun's most dangerous enemy?

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Humayun's most dangerous enemy was Sher Khan Suri. . bigs
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Q8. How did Humayun escape after his defeat in the Battle of Chausa (1539
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3/17/22, 5:56 PM Solutions for The Trail Babur, Humayun and Sher Shah
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CE)? gsla
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After facing a defeat in the Battle of Chausa fought in 1539 CE, Humayun
escaped by jumping in Ganga and flowing down the river with the help of an
inflated water bag.

Q9. How many years did Humayu spend in exile?

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Humayun spent fifteen years in exile. sla te.c
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Q10. Who helped Humayun to recover Kabul and Kandahar?

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The Shah of Persia helped Humayun in recovering Kabul and Kandahar
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his brother Kamran. www

Q11. What is the significance of the Battle of Kanauj (1540 CE) in Sher Shah
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Suri's rise to power?
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The Battle of Kanauj was significant in Sher Shah Suri's risewto power because
the outcome of the battle was decisive in ending Mughal rule in India. With
this victory, Afghan rule was established and Sher Khan became the master of
Agra and Delhi.

Q12. How were the affairs of the villages managed during Sher Shah's reign?
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During Sher Shah's reign, the affairs of the villages were managed s
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panchayats. The village officials such as the patwaris and muqaddams
maintained contact with Sher Shah and kept him informed on matters
concerning village governance.

Q13. Explain the chehra system in Sher Shah's military administration.

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The chehra system was originally introduced in the reign of Alauddin s l a t e . c It
Khilji.
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is the practice of maintaining a descriptive roll of the soldiers. Sher Shah Suri
revived it in his reign.

Q14. Mention one reason why Sher Shah built an excellant network of good
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roads.
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Sher shah built an excellent network of good roads in order wto ensure quick

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movement of officials and troops throughout the empire.

Q15. Give a brief account of Babur's early life.

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Babur lost his father in 1494 CE when he was eleven years old. He i g s late
inherited
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Farghana after his father's demise and became its ruler. At the
he conquered Samarkhand. Unfortunately, in a short span of time he lost
control over both Farghana and Samarkhand and became a homeless
wanderer. Later, his bravery and determination helped him become the ruler of
Kabul in 1504 CE.

Q16. Give an account of the causes, events and consequences of the First
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Battle of Panipat.
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Causes: Daulat Khan Lodi invited Babur to invade India in order
Ibrahim Lodi. The battle was a follow up of the invitation and also of Babur's
desire to claim his sovereign authority.

Events: The war was fought between a small but disciplined army of Babur
and a large army of Ibrahim Lodi. The Mughal ruler was successfully
supressing the sultan of Delhi and his excellent cavalry and artillery was
thrashing the Lodi army.

Consequence: 15, 000 soldiers of the Delhi Sultanate died and so did Ibrahim
Lodi. Babur emerged victorious and was proclaimed the emperor of Hindustan.

Q17. How many battles did Babur have to fight after the First Battle of
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Panipat? Mention the significance of his victory in each of these l abattles.
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Babur had to fight three battles after the First Battle of Panipat.

Battle of Khanwa: Babur won the battle and it gave him supreme control
over the territories of Central India.

Battle of Chanderi: Babur was again victorious. This battle put an end to
future possible challenged from the Rajput rulers.

Battle of Ghagra: After emerging triumphant yet again, Babur gained control
over Punjab, Delhi and the Gangetic plain as far as Bihar.

Q18. Give a brief account of Sher Shah's early life.

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Farid Khan, also known as Sher Shah was the son of Hasan khan, a
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jagirdar of
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Sasaram in Bihar. He received the title of Sher Khan after killing a tiger single
handedly. He was recruited in the Mughal army when Babur attacked India and
there he learnt the techniques of warfare. When Babur died in 1530 CE, Sher
Shah took advantage of the instability in the region and took control of Bihar
and Bengal.

Q19. With reference to Sher Shah's enlightened rule, explain:

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(a) How the central government was organised . bigs
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(b) The important features of provincial administration.

a) Organisation of the central government

Sher Shah was the head of the central administration. The government was
divided among various departments that were headed by a minister and
assisted by other officials. A system of spy was established which provided
information to the king regarding matters of administration and other
important issues.

b) Features of provincial administration

The entire kingdom was divided into 47 sarkars or provinces which were
headed by Afghan chiefs. They were further divided into parganas or districts
which constituted a number of villages. The parganas were governed by
shiqdar-i-shiqdaran in matters of law and order while the matters concerning
revenue collection and civil cases were handled by munsif-i-munsifan. The
villages were governed by panchayats. The officials were periodically
transferred in order to prevent corruption.

Q20. Sher Shah introduced several measures to make the army disciplined,
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efficient and strong. Explain.
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Sher Shah introduced several measures to make the army disciplined, efficient
and strong. They were:

i. A large standing army was maintained.

ii. He personally looked after the training and appointment of soldiers.

iii. The salary of soldiers were fixed in accordance with their skill and ability.

iv. The system of chehra and dagh were reintroduced.

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v. The army was divided into smaller sub units which were headed by a
commander.

vi. Garrisons were stationed at different locations.

vii. The cavalry and infantry were trained and well equipped with artillery.

Q21. Discuss the important measures taken by Sher Shah to boost the growth
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of trade and commerce.
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The important measures adopted by Sher Shah to boost thewgrowth of trade
and commerece were as under:

i. He constructed a network of road which ensured easy and quick transfer

of goods.

ii. He abolished all the duties on trade except two- one at the time of entry
of goods in his territory and the other at the time of selling goods.

iii. The officials were given the direction of treating the merchants well and
look after their interest.

iv. The responisibility of providing safety to life and property of traders was
given to zamindars and village headmen.

v. Sher Shah introduced new measures and weights.

vi. Coins of gold, silver and copper of uniform standard were introduced.

Q22. What steps did Sher Shah take to maintain law and order within his
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kingdom?
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Law and order during Sher Shah's reign was very strict. Thewpunishment for
crimes were harsh and severe. Sher Shah made village headmen and local
chieftain responsible for any crime taking place in their area. He used to inflict
punsihment on them if they failed in tracking down the criminal.

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Q23. Sheer Shah's greatest achievement was his land and revenue system. In
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this context, explain: s l a te.c
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(a) Land assessments
(b) Taxation policy and its impact.

a) Land assessment

Land in Sher Shah's territory was measured and surveyed every year. Average
produce was calculated on the basis of fertility and one-third of it was to be
given as tax either in cash or in kind. In cases of crop failure, taxes were
reduced and loans were given. The system of jagir was discouraged while that
of patta and qubuliat were promoted. The mutual duties and rights of
peasants and government were clearly defined. This system ensured peasants
welfare, improved cultivation and government's income.

b) Taxation policy and its impact

Sher Shah insisted on lenient assessment but strict collection of tax. The
duties levied on trade and commerce were limited to just two. The land tax
was calculated in accordance with average produce assessed on the basis of
fertility and were usually reasonable. The policy followed in this period
ensured that no particular social group falls under burden of payment and
thus it boosted cultivation and income of the government at the same time.

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