12 ey 2 Orta @ Thinking and learning see page 224 for defiritons assess) dilemma (n) ideology (n) plausible (a) assume (v) discriminate (v) ingenious (adj) ponder (v) baffle (v) dubious (ad)) prejudiced (adi) biased {adj estimate (v, n} presume (v) concentrate (v) faith (n). ipstify query (v, ni} consider (v) gather (v) naive (adj) reckon (v} contemplate (¥) genius (n) notion (a) reflect {v) cynical (adj) ‘grasp (¥) optimistic (adj) sceptical/skeptical (adj) deduce (v) guesswork (n) ‘paradox (n) ‘speculate (v) deliberate (v)_ {hunch (nb pessimistic (adi) ‘suppose (v) Se ny seepage 225 fr deintons academic (n, adj) graduate (v, n) intensive (adj) self-study (n) conscientious (ad) ignorent (od) knowledgeable (a) seminar (a) cram (v) inattentive (adj) lecture (v, a) ‘special needs (n phr) ‘curriculum (a) intellectual (n, adj) mock exam (n phr) tuition (n) distance learning {n phe) inteligent (agi) plagiarise (v) ‘tutorial (n) be asd ‘brush up (on) practise and improve your skis or piece together learn the truth about something by knowledge of something considering all the separate bits of ‘come (a}round (to) change your opinion or decision because feforrnasion you reve) ‘someone has persuaded you to agree puzzle out ‘solve a confusing or complicated with them problem by thinking carefully about it come up with think of something such as an idea cra | read up ‘get information on a particular subject by plan {on/about) reading a lot about it face up to accept something and try to deal with it | swot up {on} ‘study something very hard, especially for figure out be able to understand something or sok an examination a proble inderstand what someone is | take in understand and remember something like and why they behave in the way that you hear or read; accept something they do 2 real or tue; trick someone into hit upon suddenly have an idea; discover believing something that is not true something by chance ‘think over consider a problem or decision carefully make out ‘see, hear or understand someone or ‘think through consider the facts about something in an something wth dificully; suggest, imply cganised and thorough way mull over think carefully about something over a ‘think up invent or imagine something, especially period of time an excuse Phrases, patterns and collocations account account for, (give) an account of, take into account, take account of, on account of, by all accounts, on sb's account associate associate sth with balance (hang) in the balance, strike a balance, upset/alter/ redress the balance, balance betweer/of, on balance, off balance bbasis basis fr, on a daly/temporary/ete basis, on the basis ‘ofthat belief express beliel(s), belief ir/that, contrary to popular belief, beyond betef, in the belief that, popular/widely hheld/widespread/fim/trong/growing belief ‘brain pick sb’s brain(s), rack your brain(s), the brains behind, ‘brainless, brainchild (of), brainstorm, brainwash, brainwave ‘conclusion bring sth to a conclusion, come to / arrive at / reach a conclusion, jump/leap to conclusions, in Conclusion, conclusion of, logical conclusion, foregone ConclusionPhrases, patterns and collocations ‘consideration take into consideration, give consideration to, show consideration for, under consideration, for sb’s Consideration, out of consideration for doubt doubt that, have your doubts about, cast doubt on, raise doubts, in doubt, doubt as to / about, beyond (any) doubt, (al reasonable doubt, without a doubt, open to doubt dream dream of/about/that, have a dream, a dream to, beyond your wildest dreams, a dream come true, in your dreams, lke 2 dream focus facus on, the focus of/or, in focus, out of focus, focus group, main/primary/malor focus impression have/give the (false) impression that, do an impression (of), create/make an impression (on sb), Under the impression that, first impressions ‘mental make a mental note (ol/about), mental arithmetic, ‘mental ilness, mental age, mental health ‘mind make up your mind, cross/slip your mind, have/bear in ‘mind, have a onetrack mind, take your mind off, bring to ‘mind, in two minds about, on your mind, state of mind, narrow/oroad/open/absentmminded misapprehension under the misapprehension that perspective put into perspective, from another /a diferent /sb's / ete perspective, from the perspective of, in perspective, out of perspective, a sense of perspective principle have principles, stand by / stick to your principles, principle of sth, principle that, in principle, 2 matter / an issue of principle, against sb’ principles, set of principles ‘qostion beg the question, raise the question (of, 2/10 ‘question of, in question, out ofthe question, without question, beyond question, some question over / as to/ about, awkward question sense sense that, see sense, make sense (of), have the ‘sense to, come to your senses, 2 sense of, in a/ane sense, common sense side side with sb, take sides, see both sides (of an ‘argument, look onthe bright side, on the plus/minus side, by ss side, on sb side, on either side (f) straight set/put sb straight about, set/put the record ‘Sraight, get/come straight to the point, get sth straight, think/see stright, straight talking, straight answer view view sth 2, take the view that, take a dinvp00r view of, ‘come into view, in view of, with 3 view to, view on/ebout/ that, in sb's view, viewpoint, point of view | ee ‘Thinking and learning. Unit 2 g0 to your head if success goes to your head, it makes you think that you are better or more important than. ‘you really are hhave your wits about you be able to think quickly and make sensible decisions in the dark (about) ‘ot knowing very much about something, because other people are keeping it secret from you know what's what know the important facts about a situation not have a leg to stand on not have any way of proving that you ae right about something ‘not see the wood for the trees used for saying that someone cannot understand what is important ina situation because they are thinking too much about small details but two and two together guess what is happening or what something means based on what you have seen or heard uick/slow on the uptake taking a very short/long time to understand or realise something ring a bell ‘something that rings 2 bell sounds famiiar to you, although you cannot remember the exact details round the bend crazy split hairs argue or worry about very small details or differences that are not important take stock (of) spend some time thinking about the situation you are in before you decide what to do next assume assumption, assuming, unassuming, assumed judge —_judgleknent, judiciary, judiciousness, judicious, believe disbelieve, belief, disbelief, (unlbeliever, Judicial, judgtelmental, judiciously (unbefevabe,asbeteving, unbelievably logic logical) brilliant brilliance, brilliantly opinion opinionated conceive conceptualise, concept, conception, conceptual, rational _ rationalise, rationalisation, rationalist, rationalism, (inconceivable, {inkconceivably (inrationality, (irrationally) confuse confusion, confused, confusingtly) reason —_ reasoning, reasonableness, (un)reasonable, ‘eonvinee conviction, (unicomvinced, (nieonvincingly) ‘reasoned, (ankeasoncby decide decision, decider, decisiveness, deciding, sane in}sanity, insanely) Kinldecisivelly) sense —_(de)sensitise, nonsense, sensitivity, sensibility, define definition, defined, definitively), mideiitelly) Seta sata er reaal caea cisan ean ay neice | OK HM, ha: ig ees (inlexplicable, inexplicably ine le, thoughtfully), i imaginings, imaginary, ob) Peery ok ae wise wisdom, (unwiselly) 13Unit 2 Vocabulary Topic vocabulary: Thinking A Circle the correct word. NooRune © 10 Don't be so optimistic / pessimistic. Everything's going to be fine, you'll see! Most newspapers are usually biased / prejudiced towards a certain political outlook tm slightly dubious / cynical about whether Sean's idea is going to work To suggest that its possible to create a society without crime is a little naive / sceptical, isn't it? The only ingenious / plausible explanation | can think of is that Jenna got the dates wrong. Please don't baffle / discriminate me with loads of technical terminology. Use plain, simple English! Its not always easy to assume / assess someone's suitability for a job just by talking to them in a short interview. How can the government justify / speculate spending so much on the armed forces? Looking at the damage, | would estimate / deduce that the painting will cost at least €2,000 to restore properly. | don't think you should reflect / presume that lots of people are going to help you with this project. B Complete using the correct form of the words in the box. More than one word might fit in each gap, but try to use all the words. 4 wT rene cnc consider contemplate inbrae Deser soot roofs suppose Ie took me quite a long time to.. what the aim of the game was, The jury are stil , but they're expected to reach a verdict soon, 1 so from your tutor that you're thinking of changing course. You really have to very hard when you are doing calligraphy. 1m seriously... asking for a pay rise tomorrow. How long do you .. itl take to get to Manchester? dont. : | could borrow your lecture notes this weekend, could I? Hi yutve ever. -wuew the question ‘Why does the universe bother to exist”, then this is the book for you. Let's not even the possibilty of failure, C Each of the words in bold is in the wrong sentence. Write the correct words on the lines. 4 min a real hunch because I've been invited to two parties on Saturday and | don’t know which one to go to. Dave said he's got complete guesswork in us, and thinks we're going to do a great job. v Sarah's a/an intuition when it comes to astrophysics, but she's not very practical in everyday things. ‘You often need to use a litle educated notion when you're starting a cryptic crossword. tve got a/an ideology that someone in this office is going to get promoted soon... Communism and capitalism are very different types of dilemma. Who gave you the faith for the main character in the book? Detective Taker had absolutely no evidence that Roddard was involved, but al his paradox told him that he was. Ive got a smal inspiration about the exam syllabus, Should | tak to Mrs Jacobs about it... Paying mothers a salary to raise their children is an interesting genius... The fact that more people would come here if the place wasnt so crowded is areal query.OE ‘Thinking and learning Unit 2 Topic vocabulary: Learning D_ Choose the correct word. Letter to the editor The Prime Ministo’s comments yesterday on eduction spending wis the point, asthe secondary eduction syste also sueds a major overhaul, Firstly, the system only views the weakest earners as having spec (1) nn the brightest and mast (2). students are nt encouraged to develop to their fl potential Secon, there's to ‘nich testing au not enough caring. My ffeenyearold daughter, for exonpl, has just spent the last wioth or so (3) ssn Fr exons, These are even rel, portant exais, as her GCSES wil be net year Theyre just a xis. s the work she's been doing relly going to make her more (8) xr-enmnen AOU HEF subject, or wil she forget ital tomorrow? | suspect the latter Thirdly, the standard (6)... Aocsnt give students any (7) developing practical workreated ving and socal sil, ori skis necessary fr higher education. Hw many students entering wiversity hve the first idea what the rence is beeen (8) enna SOMONE elses work and making god use of someon else's ideas? Should they have been taught this at schol? How muy of then ar really able to go about (9) ennnsnnns =A kil tt’ essential at university because there are no teachers to tell ou what todo — ina Flint ny? deed, how wan students (10) oro wniversity totally unable to spel even simple swords corey? The system is leting our children down. 1 Arequests Baesies ( Cheeds D wants 2 Cofattentive Bignorant ~~ C intensive QBponscientious ramming -—Blecturng ——Crreading D practising 4 Kialse k C fake Dartifcial SCAjnowedgeable Bintelectual —C academic 3a inteligent 6 Atimetable —_Blecture. —C seminar eurriculum 7 Alesson — (B3ubject. tution D tutorial 8 Awriting B going over lagiarising repeating 9. Areviewing revision ‘distance learning CD)seltstudy 10 Aqualify graduate C depart Dexit Phrasal verbs E Match to make sentences. 1 Tm going to have to mull this A. together exactly what happened that evening, 2 Detectives are stil trying to piece Bin the fact that he'd never see her again. 3 Ittook him a very long time to take ......... C up a briliant excuse to tell Rachel. 4 Tellus how you hit D over for a while before | make a final decision. 5 Ittook us ages to figure E this through properly yet. 6 ve ust thought F out how to get everyone to the sports centre without Phil knowing, 7 Fmnnot sure we've thought G upon such a great idea for a website. 15Unit 2 Vocabulary 16 F Write one word in each gap so that each second sentence has a similar meaning to the first sentence. 1. I need to consider your offer very carefully before | make a decision. Ineed to . over your offer very carefully before | make a decision. 2 Lee had the briliant idea of booking a clown for the endof term party. Lee came nnn vvwonenn the Brliant idea of booking a clown for the endofterm party, 3 It's time you realised that you've got responsibilities now. Hts time you faced... conn the fact that you've got responsibilities now. 4 Tm going to have to improve my spoken German before I go to Munich. {im going to have t0 BIUSH wnrassnnnni nunmsnnunnnons My Spoken German before | go to Munich. 5 | didr't like the idea at frst but now | do, | Gide like the idea at frst But IVE creme FOUN sonnet NOW, 6 Its a general knowledge quiz so you can't do any revision for it. ‘There's nothing to swot . 8 i's a general knowledge quiz. 7 We were right at the back of the hall so | couldn't hear what the speaker was saying. | was unable to nse OUt what the speaker was saying because we were right at the back of the hall. 8 We finally thought of way to get the band into the hotel without the press knowing. We finally puzzle sooo @ WAY to get the band into the hotel without the press knowing. 9. Ive found out a lot of information about the history of English language teaching recently. Ive been snus Up On the history of English language teaching recently. Phrasal verbs with out, such as puzzle out, are often connected to the idea of finding information. Which of these phrasal verbs with out are also connected to this idea? 1 Did you find out what time the parents’ meeting is? 2. I've been checking out whether it's better to go by ferry or plane. 3. Susie reckons she's sussed out a great way to get into the club for free. 4 We all pited out into the playground, 5. | cant figure out how to change my password 6 The band were completely drowned out by al the screaming fans. 7 Im going to sound Bob out about his investing in the company. 8 Two essays really do stand out from the rest. 9 Jan's good at keeping secrets, so you'll have to worm it out of her! 10 None of us could fathom out why the experiment wasn't working. Phrases, patterns and collocations H_ Write one word in each gap. 1. Jim seems to be ..n..memen the misapprehension that tomorrow's a holiday. Itisnt 2 These findings cast doubt previous research done in ths field. 3. This photo's a ite. of focus, but you can stil see their faces. 4 Look the bright side — it's nearly the end of term. 5 I'm not against animal testing ....... . principle. 6 | think I'l always associate this song ‘our holiday in Majorca. 7 You have to bear ... w... Mind that there'll be quite a few children there. 8 Where did Susan's belie teincarnation come from? 9 Dad said that my borrowing the car tonight was sewn Of the question.————_—_—_—_—_—_—_—_——————__—SEaEeEEeeeeee ‘Thinking and learning, Unit 2 10 Hearing the news about Caroline put my small probleMS m0 perspective, 11 What's the best course of action from Your point ...n.sssone VIEW? 12 You were hired... the basis that you would be able to work on Sundays. 13 esmsnnensne balance, | think the government's doing a reasonable job. 14 We haver't taken Julie's thoughts . .- account at all 15 .. .. Conclusion, I'd like to thank everyone who supported me during the early years. | For each question, write one word which can be used in all three sentences. 1 Iwas so tired that | couldn't even think MM come .. to the point - yout fired! It’s time to set the record nue about what really happened that night. 2 She's only eight, but she has the ... age of an 18-year-old. MANY nen .~- illnesses can be cured these days. Fm not very 000 at renner aithmeticn 3 Philip does a very funny soos OF Tony, You really made an on Pete —he hasn't stopped talking about you! Why was | under the .. that the exam was on Thursday? 4 Carter was the .. smononnens D@hind the whole criminal operation. Could | just pick your... ‘about good places to eat around here? We sat there racking our trying to think of a place to take Paul and Doug in the evening. 5 Someone with no... of smell can't taste food well either. Vcan't MAKE ar of this fim at all - what's going on? Unplugging a toaster before you try to fix itis just COMMON ..urnennninon SME 6 | thought Gordon's new invention wouldn't work at all, but in fact it worked lke a .... Winning a cruise on the Queen Mary WAS 2 vnnnnmn come true for me and Albert. te had the same recurring... . for four nights in a row. 7 Motorists should always show .. for pedestrians crossing the street at a zebra crossing. Hl give some to your proposals and get back to you. We stupidly didn't take changes in interest rates iMtO nomen when we got a mortgage for our house. J) Write one word in each gap. | read this week that a new organisation called Don't Trust Online information has been formed. The founder, Douglas Haverfordwest, is quoted as saying, ‘W'S 1) cuoumuon My principles to trust anything | read on the Internet. Ive started this organisation (2) . the belief that there are mlfions tke me who (3). .. their doubts about information presented as fact that has not ‘gone through a thorough editorial process. There's no question (4) us shutting down the Internet - we don't want to do that — but DTOI has been set up with a (5). to raising awareness.’ | sympathise with HaverfordWest, but I believe he's wrong. | made up my CO) Jong ago not to completely trust anything | heard or read. Whether i's on the Internet or, say, in 2 newspaper, is irrelevant in my opinion. 7Unit 2 vocabulary 18 K Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the word given, Do not change the word given. You must use between three and eight words, inch luding the word given. 1. I never thought that we'd have legal problems. crossed tt smonsminmnnionnnnannen tat we'd have legal problems. 2 Ive decided that teaching is not the right profession for me. conclusion we that teaching is not the right profession for me. 3. Could you tell me where paxil last stright, Mr Johnson? account Could you se . your whereabouts last night, Mr Johnson? 4 The journalist pretended that she was a parent of one of the children. false The journalist . that she was a parent of one of the children. 5 You have to use logic and lateral inking in equal measure in this job. strike YOU have £0 on . logic and lateral thinking in this job. 6 | didn't tell Angie because | didn't want to hurt Eddie's feelings. consideration I didn't tel Angie sm Ei. Idioms L Complete using the words in the box. bell « bend © dark * hairs + head * leg * stock » two © uptake * what * wits * wood 1 The name Alan Hickson rings a ... , but I cantt place him. 2 Stop wasting time spliting and look at the big picture. 3. Ask Simon about the sales targets. He always knows what's . 4. You've got to have YOU wnnmmun AbOUt you to succeed in advertising, 5 Dor't let success go to your . + will you? 6 No one told us that Diana was leaving, but we all put two and .... together. 7 Tim going to go round the they don't turn that music down soon. 8 Let's take of the situation before we make a final decision. 9 How did they manage to keep me completely in the .» about this for so long? 10 The problem with Jane is that sometimes she can't see the for the trees. 11 took Dan along time to understand what was going on. He's Usvlly Quicker OM RE that, isn't he? 12. Frankly, you're completely wrong and you haver't got a to stand on. Word formation M Complete the sentences by changing the form of the word in capitals. 1 There was quite a bit of CONFUSE 2 You're acting completely ... Just calm down and pull yourself together. RATIONAL 3 Einstein's é ‘went unnoticed at school. BRILLIANT 4 This is generally considered to be the guide to Australia. DEFINE because the examiner handed out the wrong exam papers.|] ‘Thinking and earning, Unit 2 5 Its absolutely why the council decided to close down the youth club. EXPLAIN 6 just stood there and listened in .- as Ben told me the news. BELIEVE 7 GIO B'S een snnininannnne tO Say the least, $0 | wouldn't ask him to choose a hotel. DECIDE 8 Many children create friends to talk to. IMAGINE 9 He was found not guilty by reason of... wand so was sent to a mental institution rather than prison, SANE 10 Your argument iS cenenenennnne « St because you Want me to be a doctor doesn't mean | want to be one. LOGIC N. The prefix it, as in illogical, is often used to make a positive word negative. Which of the ‘words in bold in the following sentences are negative forms of positive words? Doctors’ handwriting is usually illegible. There's a beautiful illustration on page six. People who are illiterate may need some help filing in forms. She had an illustrious career as a local poltcian. Its a totally illberal law that’s just going to restrict our freedoms further, Several senior politicians have resigned over the illegality of the war. Megitimate children were given very litle social recognition inthe past. The magician didn't really cut his assistant in two ~ it was only an illusion. The lights illuminated the building beautifully at night. Cou TK ewe © Use the word given in capitals to form a word that fits in the space. Rhetoric The (1) {CONCEIVE} of ‘hetorc’, or effective public speaking, dates back thousands of years. The underiying (2) _ ASSUME) behind rhetoric is that how you present an argument can greatly influence whether people are persuaded by you or not. There is (3)... (DOUBT) plenty of evidence to support this idea — it’s practically (4) .. vow (THINK), for example, for a successful politician to be a poor communicator - but sit just a question of style winning over substance? Certainly, itis often said of politicians that they talk complete (5)... --wwe (SENSE) but what they say they say with such (6)... ~ (CONVINCE) that we tend to believe them, atleast when they're in opposition, On the other hand, (7) -vnn (WISE) and knowiedge are of tle value if you cannot communicate them effectively to your peers or to the next generation. Its the combination of clear @) (REASON), sound (9) --.ue- WUDGE) and effective presentation and communication sis that defines true rhetoric true rhetorcan should always come across as knowledgeable, and never as (10) . (OPINION) or ignorant. 19ee: A. Use the word given in capitals to form a word that fits in the space. ‘Students learning English as a second language are sometimes given a word by their teacher and asked to give an (1) (EXPLAIN) as to what that word means; in other words, to provide a (2)... (DEFINE). The (3) (ASSUME) is that if you know a word, you ccan define it. (4) (LOGIC), that might make sense, but in reality itis not always (5) -..u (REASON) to assume that. There are words and phrases that even native speakers. use in conversation without much (6)... (THINK) which can lead to ... (CONFUSE) when you ask a native speaker to define them. Take the (8) -- (CONCEIVE) of ‘zeitgeist, for example, which has entered English from German. Its (9)... (DOUBT) much easier to use than it is to define. With a word lke ‘zeitgeist, it may be more (10) . new (SENSE) t0 test the student's understanding in ways other than asking them to define it. {1 mark per answer} B Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the word given. Do not change the word given. You must use between three and eight words, Including the word given. 11 Im never going to forget to consider Darren's views when | make a decision again, account ‘That's the last time I. : when | make a decision. | don't know how on earth she thinks of such briliant plots for her novels. come How on earth ... such brillant plots for her novels? I'm sure Nancy is still bresuing that the party starts ane. impression Fm sure Naney ee conan that the party starts at nine. Sean, do you know yet what: at yore ding ts evesng? mind Sean, . ‘yet what you're doing this evening? | told Jeanne, thinking that she'd be supportive ~ how wrong | was! belief I told Jeanne : that she'd be supportive — how wrong | was! ‘There's no way that you're staying out all night with your friends, fm afraid. question Your staying out all night with your friends _ , tm afraid, ‘fm glad you now see sense and agree that your parents are right. senses Im glad .. ‘and agree that your parents are right. | think you think — wrongly ~ that this is all a conspiracy against you. misapprehension I think v~von that this is all a conspiracy against you. (2 marks per answer)C Write one word in each gap. 19 Youreally have to have your vw About you when driving through Birmingham, 20 Its a typical example of not being able to S€€ thE ...ecnnn-w fOr the trees. 21. Bill Denver? That name rings a : 22 Don't let success go to your whatever you do! 23. We were kept completely inthe . - about what was going on ~ they didnt tell us anything! 24 Am | going round the . or did you just ask me to marry you? 25 Helllnever win the court case. My solicitor says he doesr't have a to stand on. 26 Dawn's a bit slow OM the mmm SOMetimes, SO maybe she did't realise you were suggesting she ave you a job. (1 mark per answer] D Circle the correct word. 27. We're stil trying to part / piece / set together exactly what went wrong. Its too much information for me to take / read / get in in one go. You'd better create / think / work up a very good excuse why you didn't come to the meeting. Let me mull this about / in / over for a while and then fl get back to you. Toni was totally opposed at first but | think she's come / made / taken around to the idea now. | think you should face up on / with / to the fact that our relationship’s over, We're sill trying to figure / think / guess out how the burglars got in, ‘tm going to have to learn / swot / look up on what all the road signs mean before my driving test. {1 mark per answer) E Choose the correct answer. 35 min areal... . and | just don't know what Alan for hours but he just doesn't to do. answer his mabile. | hope nothing's wrong. Adiemma C query Alcall C tive called B paradox D hunch Bim caling Dive been caling ‘They're staying in rented accommodation for the Looking at your CY, | you used to live in Australia. C doing A gather C am gathering D being B do gather D have gathered {s it really the first tim scum frst class? es it's going to snow tonight, don’t you? Ayou ever fly C you've ever flown A speculate € reckon B you're ever flying D you've ever been flying B reflect D ponder getting a pet tarantula? ‘Have you finished with the paper yet?” realy C Has Care really ‘We. started reading it? think of thought that even C stil Bis Claire really thinking _D Has Claire really been Bjust D already of thinking that (1 mark per answer) Total mark: ......../50