TITTLE: MAKING LAMPSHADES USING PLASTIC BOTTLES
PRESENTED BY : WASIKE N. DORCUS
INDEX NO : 5031110981
CENTRE : THE KITALE NATIONAL POLYTECHNIC
CENTER CODE : 503111
DEPARTMENT : INSTITUTIONAL MANAGEMENT
COURSE :
PRESESENTED TO : THE KENYA NATIONAL EXAMINA COUNCIL
FOR THE PARTIAL AND FULFILMENT FOR THE AWARD OF
CERTIFICATE IN CATERING AND ACCOMMODATION
SUPERVISOR : MADAM CHARITY
EXAMS SERIES : JUNE/JULY 2022
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DECLARATION
I hereby declare that this research projects my original copy which has never been submitted to
the Kenya National Examination Council.
DEDICATION
I dedicate my research project to my teachers, parents and all the people who encouraged me
through the all year have been with them.
NAME: TENGE SHARON ……………… DATE: ……………………..
SIGNATURE: ……………………………………………………..
SUPERVISOR NAME: ……………………… DATE: …………………
SIGNATURE: ………………………………………………………….
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I would like to convey my sincere gratitude to Almighty God for his blessings and care he has
done to me. I also appreciate my teachers and my loving parents and relatives for the financial
support and the spiritual support they had given to me.
Table of Contents
DECLARATION.....................................................................................................................................ii
DEDICATION........................................................................................................................................iii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT......................................................................................................................iv
ABSTRACT..........................................................................................................................................vii
CHAPTER ONE......................................................................................................................................2
1.0 INTRODUCTION.......................................................................................................................2
1.1 STATEMENT PROBLEM................................................................................................................2
1.2 SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES.............................................................................................................................2
1.3 GENERAL OBJECTIVES................................................................................................................3
1.4 RESEARCH QUESTIONS...............................................................................................................3
1.4 HYPOTHESIS...................................................................................................................................4
1.5SCOPE OF THE STUDY.............................................................................................................................4
1.6 SIGNIFICANT OF THE PROJECT..................................................................................................5
1. 7LIMITATION OF STUDY...............................................................................................................5
1.8DEFINATION OF TERMS................................................................................................................5
CHAPTER TWO.............................................................................................................................................6
2.0 INTRODUCTION.......................................................................................................................6
2.1 LITERATURE REVIEW..............................................................................................................................6
[Link] utilize bottles for improving knowledge and skills for hospitality student......................................6
[Link] utilize bottles help to improve creativity and innovation for hospitality students..........................7
2.1 CREATION OF JOB OPPORTUNITIES.......................................................................................................7
CHAPTER THREE.................................................................................................................................8
3.0 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY.......................................................................................................8
3.1.0. NATURE OF THE PRODUCT.................................................................................................8
3.2 PREPARATION OF DESIGNS......................................................................................................8
Cut the bottle using any shape object when you have finish trim it then pin your seams sew the edges
of your lamp............................................................................................................................................8
3.3 CLEAR INDICATION OF STEPS FOLLOWED.............................................................................8
3.4 Materials for making a lampshade........................................................................................................8
3.5DEMONSTRATION..................................................................................................................................8
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3.6 The cost of the product.........................................................................................................................9
CHAPTER FOUR.................................................................................................................................10
4.0 INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................10
4.0 DATA ANAYLSIS....................................................................................................................................10
GENDER.....................................................................................................................................................10
AGE............................................................................................................................................................11
4.4 FINDINGS.............................................................................................................................................11
4.4.1 SUMMARY OF FINDINGS...................................................................................................................11
4.5. CONCLUSIONN....................................................................................................................................12
4.6. RECOMMENDATION...........................................................................................................................12
ABSTRACT
The purpose of the project was to utilize bottles in making lampshades. The general objectives
are to utilize bottles which helps to create job opportunities for youth in the society. Secondly,
to utilize bottles helps to improve creativity and innovation for hospitality students, thirdly to
utilize bottles for improving knowledge and skills for hospitality industry. In order to achieve
the above objective the researcher formulated the research question which are in which way can
we utilize creativity and innovation in making Lampshades using bottles? The researcher also
came up with the hypothesis which is creation self-employment maybe utilized through creating
job opportunities for non-learned youth in the society thus by using bottles. Also creativity and
innovation helps to improve knowledge and skills for most people in the society by use of waste
materials e.g. bottles.
The researcher design was more of experimental and practical work where materials are
collected, classified organized, utilized using creativity and innovation.
Therefore, the researcher found the following utilization of creativity and innovation had led to
self-employment for the youth and unlearned people in the society. Utilization of bottles have
reduced bad odor and smell in most places thus has reduced blockage of drainage system.
The following was the conclusion the researcher came up with creativity and innovation among
the youth can be useful to increase self-employment and salaried by utilizing the available
material which include the bottles in making lampshades.
At the recommendation part is that, it is advisable that the government should create employment
for the youth by use of their creativity and innovation thus will reduce bad behavior like
corruption in the society
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CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
Background of the Study Lampshade is a covering of light to reduce the brightness of the
direct light. It is decorative element to enhance the beauty of the house. Common
lampshade is made from different materials such as paper, glass, fabric, and stone. Lamp is
first introduced as an incandescent filament electric lamp and subsequently associated with
Victorian-style influence which lampshades become a decorative feature to interior design.
Nowadays, teenagers are into photo taking and posting in their social media
accounts to gain popularity and self-esteem. They intend to capture every moment and
their outfits for the day, furthermore it gives them satisfaction from comments and likes
they have in the picture. According to Journal Health Psychology, posting pictures
on social media is a positive psychological consequence that boosts women’s self-esteem.
Moreover, it improves body image that is important in this generation besides higher body
satisfaction
1.1 STATEMENT PROBLEM
In Trans Nzoia County most people usually buy ready-made Lampshades which has been
passed through process during manufacturing and are usually costly when bought from
market places. Instead of people from that County to try and utilize most of the waste
products in making different items that could be useful to hospitality students in an institution
and all different people in Africa. Most of the people throw away used plastic bottles and
throw away on the environment. I as the researcher came up with an idea of collecting plastic
bottles and making Lampshades and also waste products of material thus helps in making
the environment conducive and helps most people in earning a living by physical needs,
economic needs, social needs and also basic needs
1.2 SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES
Utilizing bottles in the making Lampshades for housekeeping.
1.3 GENERAL OBJECTIVES
1. Plastic bottles help to create job opportunities for the youth in the society by making
lampshades
2. To utilize bottles help to improve creativity and innovation for hospitality students
3. To utilize bottles for improving knowledge and skills for hospitality student
1.4 RESEARCH QUESTIONS
1. In which way can we utilize creativity and innovation in making Lampshades using
bottles?
2. How do you utilize available resources in making Lampshades in a hospitality
department using bottles?
3. What are some Ways of reducing cases of unemployment by the use of bottles in the
industries?
4. What are some of the Ways of creating self-employment by using bottles in a
hospitality department?
5.
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1.4 HYPOTHESIS
Creation of self-employment may be utilized through creating job opportunities for non-
learned youth in the society thus by inventing using of bottles.
Creativity and innovation helps improve knowledge and skills for most people in the society
by use of waste materials e.g. bottles.
Utilization of the available resources may be improved by reducing pollution of the
environment in an industry by use of bottles of waste material products.
1.5SCOPE OF THE STUDY
Trans-Nzoia County is a county in the former Rift Valley Province, Kenya, located between the
Nzoia River and Mount Elgon, 380 km northwest of Nairobi. At its centre is the town of Kitale
which is the capital and largest town. The county borders Bungoma to the west, Uasin Gishu and
Kakamega to the south, Elgeyo-Marakwet to the east, West Pokot to the north and the republic of
Uganda to the Northwest. Trans Nzoia covers an area of 2495.5 square kilometres
Historically the area has been inhabited by the sabaot people. After independence many of the
farms vacated by white settlers were bought by individuals from other ethnic groups in Kenya.
Kitale, its capital town, is now majorly luhya with inhabits from other tribes in Kenya occupying
almost less than 1% of the population.
The county is largely agricultural with both large scale and small scale wheat, maize and dairy
farming. The county is referred to as the basket of Kenya for its role in food production in the
country. The majority of its inhabitants are however generally poor.
1.6 SIGNIFICANT OF THE PROJECT
Making of Lampshades has reduced unemployment whereby youths are employed and are being
impacted with skills thus improving living standard.
It helps in keeping or maintaining the environment to be clean and neat thus have reduced bad
smell or odor to the environment.
1. 7LIMITATION OF STUDY
1. Takes a lot of time while making the Lampshades from the bottles
2. It is tiresome during preparation of the Lampshades because it involves a lot of
processes in making.
3. Sometimes poor transportation of the materials might be hard to transport the
materials if the roads are not properly made.
4. At times the materials might be hard to get in some areas thus makes it difficult for
the Lampshades to be made.
1.8DEFINATION OF TERMS
1. Restaurant – A place in a hotel where people go to have meals and relax.
2. Training institution - A place where learning takes place.
3. Scissors – A metallic item that is used to cut off items
4. Hospitality – Generous and friendly treatment of visitors and guests
5. Lampshades – A material mended or stitched
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CHAPTER TWO
2.0 INTRODUCTION
2.1 LITERATURE REVIEW
Plastic bottles are field grown for their bottles, which are traditionally used to make paper,
cloth, or rope.
Plastic bottles are characterized by having a large usage in rural area, which is what gives them
their strength. The bottles may be chemically modified, like in viscose (used to make rayon and
cellophane). In recent years, materials scientists have begun exploring further use of these
bottles in composite materials.
2.2. To utilize bottles for improving knowledge and skills for hospitality
student
Plastic bottles are generally collected after a single usage, as distinct from manufacturers, which
are typically recycled for many years before being thrown for such materials as waste plastic
bottles or lacebark. In specific circumstances, Plastic bottles can be superior to lamp shade as
bottles in terms of technical performance, environmental impact or cost.
There are a number of issues regarding the use of Plastic bottles to make lampshade. One of
these is seasonal availability. While modern can be bought continuously but too expensive, many
field tops are collected once during the parties or after usage and must be cleaned such that the
bottles doesn't look dirty over a period of many months. Considering that many pulp mills
require several thousand tones of bottles source per day, storage of the bottles source can be a
major issue.
[Link] utilize bottles help to improve creativity and innovation for
hospitality students
Plastic bottles are collected from many of these urban center ; the bottles come from the
recycled materials. Before the industrialization of the paper production the most common bottles
source was recycled bottles from used textiles, called rags. The rags were from ramie, hemp,
linen and cotton. A process for removing printing inks from recycled plastic materials was
invented by German jurist Justus Claproth in 1774. Today this method is called deinking. It was
not until the introduction of wood pulp in 1843 that paper production was not dependent on
recycled materials from rag pickers.
2.1 CREATION OF JOB OPPORTUNITIES
Companies that incorporate youth development into their business models can reap again beyond
filling staffing needs. These section identifies ways to meet the industry key youth employment
goals and other investments in pre- employment.
Strategies for achieving these goals include the following financial and accounting, marketing
food and beverage, operations, guest relation, customer service, maintenance management and
the education and skills resolved for each.
Pre- employment internships can be especially valuable because they enable young people to
gain a realistic picture of the day to day operations while revealing the possibilities for their
future that they may not have imagined.
Internships also gives young people an opportunity to hand on learning which can help
employees and youth determine which job the youth are best suited for.
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CHAPTER THREE
3.0 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1.0. NATURE OF THE PRODUCT
Lampshades are made from bottles and string they are used as décor in house and restaurant.
3.2 PREPARATION OF DESIGNS
Cut the bottle using any shape object when you have finish trim it then pin your seams sew the
edges of your lamp
3.3 CLEAR INDICATION OF STEPS FOLLOWED
.
Step 1: Cut Your Plastic Bottles. ...
Step 2: Join the Bottles Together. ...
Step 3: Cut Off the Neck. ...
Step 4: Make Connectors. ...
Step 5: Assemble the Lamp. ...
Step 6: Add Wiring and Lamp holder. ...
Step 7: Add the Base. ...
Step 8: Add the Lamp Shade
3.4 Materials for making a lampshade
1. Adhesive styrene sheet for making lampshades.
2. Rotary cutter and cutting mat or scissors for cutting fabric.
3. lamp glue and small binder clips.
4. small paintbrush.
5. set of wire lampshade rings.
6. lamp harp set (if your lamp doesn't already have one)
3.5DEMONSTRATION
1. Step 1: Cut the Plastic Bottle. Take an empty plastic bottle and hold it horizontal. ...
2. Step 2: Paint the Plastic Bottle. ...
3. Step 3: Draw Characters. ...
4. Step 4: Final Look of Lamp head. ...
5. Step 5: Make Plastic Leaves. ...
6. Step 6: Make Crepe Paper Leaves. ...
7. Step 7: Create a Wired Stand. ...
8. Step 8: Complete the Stand
3.6 The cost of the product
MATERIAL QUANTITY PRICE
Masking tape 2 200
plastic bottles 3 50
Lamp holders 1 50
Super glue 1 60
Scissors 1 30
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CHAPTER FOUR
4.0 INTRODUCTION
Lampshades have played a major role in the society both in rural and urban people and the
economic of Kenya. Lampshades are major source of income for the majority in Kenya. Its rated
as mostly sold at local and internal markets, consumers also use visual quality to purchase neat
and nice products.
4.0 DATA ANAYLSIS
Data was subjected to analysis of variance using Microsoft excel version 2010, spreadsheet
version21 and SA statistics packages means of p=0.08 were separated using the turkey kramers
HSD comparison test
GENDER
The study did not show any significance different in terms of gender of the staff but the
preparation of the male was higher compared to that of the female as indicated below
GENDER
females
40% males
60%
AGE
The researcher was to find out the age of the respondent so that some relation between the
education level across.
The study show most of the respondents were educated at least of secondary levels which
indicated that most of employees could read and write.
Chart Title
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Category 1
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4.4 FINDINGS
The purpose of this study was to find out why many people prefer lampshade made from plastic
bottles compared to these made by neon many people prefer manufactured ones because the
locally ones get damaged easily manufactured ones were found useful because of their high
quality and are long lasting.
4.4.1 SUMMARY OF FINDINGS
The researcher wanted to know the frequency of lamps made in a week.
The different types of lamps produced with different size and shapes.
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However out of the respondents 66.4% as positive comment for a period of 3 to 8 years implied
that the idea of making lamps using plastic bottles was not practical for long.
4.5. CONCLUSIONN
The study conclude that the locally made lamps are cheap and readily available and that people
should embrace them.
4.6. RECOMMENDATION
The researcher recommend that people should make lampshades themselves busy and avoid
being idle.
APPENDIX
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