DEVELOPMENT OF PHILIPPINE NATIONALISM
Propagandist Graciano Lopez Jaena - In 1889, he established La Solidaridad in Barcelona
Graciano Lopez Jaena - Filipino journalist, orator, revolutionary, and national hero who is
well known for his news paper, La Solidaridad. Philippine historians regard Lopez Jaena,
along with Marcelo H. Del Pilar and Jose Rizal, as the triumvirate of Filipino propagandists.
Dr. Jose Rizal - The most outstanding among the propagandist. Rizal was shot to death by a
firing squad at Bagumbayan on December 30, 1896. In 1889 he started the newspaper, La
Solidaridad (Solidarity), that circulated both in Spain and the Philippines and was the medium
Propaganda Movement.
Jose Rizal - Noli Me Tangere, El Filibusterismo, The Indolence of the Filipinos,
Philippines a Century Hence, To the Filipino Youth, and Mi Ultimo Adios and the
organization of La Liga Filipina.
Used pen names: Rizal: Dimasalang and Laong Laan; Mariano Ponce: Tikbalang, Naning and
Kalipulako; Antonio Luna: Taga-ilog; Marcelo H. Del Pilar: Plaridel and Jose Ma.
Panganiban: Jomapa
Marcelo H. Del Pilar (1850-1896) - The Political analyst of the progranda movement and
the greatest journalist produced by the Filipino race. He was the Editor of La Solidaridad.
Literatures of the Propaganda Movement: Diariong Tagalog, Caiingat Cayo, La
Frailocracia en Filipinas, Dasalan at Toksohan, and La Sobrenia Monacal, dudas, Pasiong
Dapat Ipag-alab ng Taong Babasa, Dupluhan, Sagot ng Espania sa Hibii ng Filipinas, and
Kadakilaan ng Diyos.
Reasons for the failure of the Propaganda Movement - When the came the financial support
from the Philippines gradually lessened until finally it was put to an end; Due to leadership crisis;
With the failure of the Propaganda Movement, the Filipinos gave up the last ditch of hope to
peaceful means. Andres Bonifacio led the Filipinos to a new phase of social and political
awareness marked by the founding of Katipunan.
•Nationalism is simply love of country with all it's inhabitants.
•A state of awareness that a nation does exist and is made of people who owe allegiance not
only to a tribe, clan, or region nor to any religious or political entity.
•In the 19th Century, Philippine Nationalism was born.
• People of a Nation become united and work together for common aims.
•They wanted to be independent of spain.
PHILIPPINE SYMBOLS AND MEANING
1. Philippine National Tree - Narra - Official
2. Philippine National Leaf - Fan Palm (Anahaw) - Unofficial
3. Philippine National Fruit - Mango- Unofficial
4. Philippine National Animal - Carabao/water buffalo - Unofficial
5. Philippine National Dish - Roasted pig - Unofficial
6. Philippine National Bird - Philippine Eagle - Official
7. Philippine National Fish - Milk-fish- Unofficial
8. Philippine National Hero - Dr. Jose Rizal - Unofficial
9. Philippine National Sport or Martial Arts - Arnis - Official
10. Philippine National Clothing for Men - Men's Barong - Unofficial
11. Philippine National Clothing for Women - Women's Barong - Unofficial
12. Philippine National Dance - Bamboo Dance (Tinikling) - Unofficial
13. Philippine National Flower - Arabian Jasmine (Sampaguita) - Official
14. Philippine National Vehicle - Horse Drawn Carriage (Kalesa) - Unofficial
15. Philippine National Anthem - Lupang Hinirang (Composer: Julian Felipe, 1898)-Official
16. Philippine National Gem - Philippine Pearl - Official
17. Philippine National Language - Filipino - Official
18. Philippine National Flag - The Philippine Flag- Official
19. Philippine National Footwear - Bakya or wooden clogs - Unofficial
FILIPINO CHARACTER, VALUES AND CULTURE
[Link]: An attitude of "what goes around, comes around" or "come what may”. We have a
tendency to surrender our future to fate. We often accept bad news or circumstances without
trying to stop or change them. This can sometimes be helpful in adversity, but it can also keep
us from finding ways out of situations. Also, constantly expecting the worst can get pretty
depressing.
2. Crab mentality: This is prevalent in politics where people tend to push each other down to
clear the way for their own gain. Politicians, especially, try their best to ruin each other, but this
can also happen among regular people. I think it goes to the point of selfishness.
3. Bahala na: In situations that become problematic, are unable to be resolved, and one ends
up in a tight corner, Filipinos will usually say, Bahala na. Bahala na, or come what may indicates
the tendency of Filipinos to resign oneself into the hands of destiny or fate. This comes what
may lead to Que sera, sera (What will, will be), and no matter what happens, Filipinos believe
that it is the work of fate
4. Ningas Cogon: indicates a tendency to be enthusiastic when beginning something, but
eventually losing that enthusiasm after a time. At the beginning of a task, energy and
enthusiasm will gain speed to reach a climax, but when there ceases to be more excitement or
challenge in the task, one will lose interest and passion. To be easily warmed up, but just as
easily cooled down explains the Filipino trait of Ningas cogon.
5. Mañana Habit: Filipinos have a strong tendency to procrastinate studies. If there is
something amusing, what they will do prout aside what they have to do, even if it is and put off
doing their work or of importance, and become absorbed in the amusing do is that is in front of
them. This is called the Mariana habit. It is a matter of course that many are tardy and absent
from school or work.
6. Hypocrisy (being a double-faced person): As a country which claims to value morally, most
of us try to live up to the standards set by the traditional society. However, as no one is perfect,
many of us are not actually able to sustain these standards. The fear of being an outcast has
forced a lot of people to live a double standard life. To hide our failure in followingba norm, we
tend to be condemning those who are caught red handed. A perfect example could be the
onticisms faced by those who become pregnant outside marriage. The sad fact behind this
scenario is that some of these critics could have actually engaged in premarital sex too-only that
no proof is visible.
7. Filipino time (tardiness): Instead of being something to be proud of, Filipino time' brings a
negative impression to our people. The Filipino time is usually associated with tardiness. When
the invitation says the program will start at 7pm, it is expected to begin at 9pm. When the date is
set at 3 pm, the partner will arrive at 5 o' clock. This has not only caused conflicts in
relationships, it also discourages others including foreigners from getting involved in supposedly
productive activities as too much time can be wasted on waiting.
8. Gossiping: Filipinos are fond of talking about others' business. It is not true that only women
are into gossiping. Even men can also be nosy in other people's lives. Sadly, this does not bring
any good to the subjects. Secrets are brought out, failures and flaws are emphasized, and
relationships are destroyed. Worse, as gossips are passed around, they tend to be twisted until
the final story becomes too far from the original-thus, causing more damage.
9. Blaming others (irresponsibility): We, Filipinos, can sometimes be too self-nghteous.
When mistakes happen, we do not want to take the blame, so instead we point at others. This
shows how we can be irresponsible for our actions. This attitude destroys teamwork, and
reliability becomes an issue. This habit is also popular among our public officials. I know you
know what happened during the Yolanda crisis. The rescue and rehabilitation operations in the
Yolanda affected areas became slow. courtesy of the blaming habits of our politicians in
position.
10. Inconsideration (being thoughtless of others): This habit could be a result of having too
many things on mind-have to find money for kids' tuition, need to look for a better job, stress
over a drunkard or unfaithful spouse, and other problems. We become insensitive to the needs
of other people because we need to focus on ourselves first. However, this country could be an
easier place to live in if we were thoughtful enough to show kindness to one another. These
problems will be easier to deal with if we will help each other get over them.
11. Ignoring or not following simple rules and instructions: Laws and regulations are
created to make communities harmonious. However, how can we achieve that peaceful
neighborhood if we cannot even follow the simplest rules like crossing on the pedestrian lane
and not loitering around? It is not enough that we demand change in our government. We
should also strive to start change in ourselves by being disciplined citizens even in the smallest
ways.
12. Attention grabbing (being an 'epal'): It is natural for Filipinos to attract attention by
standing out as we are a fun and people loving race. Nevertheless, it is a different thing to be an
"epal" or "kapalmuks simply, being an attention grabber. Sometimes, in our desperate need to
be the center of attention, we do things that are already embarrassing like butting in
conversations as a know-it-all or by being scandalous. This habit is also common to our
politicians. Instead of prioritizing their duty to give the best service to the people, they rather
prioritize their thick faces to grab attention that will bring them more chances of winning in the
next election. But thanks to our vigilant netizens, these kinds of politicians earn more shame
than fame.
13. Being onion-skinned or too sensitive: Another habit or attitude that we need to change is
our being too prideful which usually results in being oversensitive. If we think highly of
ourselves, then we have the tendency to put a wall around us and that signboard on our
forehead saying, "I must be respected." Therefore, when someone makes a joke or a not so
positive comment about us, we feel like we are not respected and we get offended. If all people
in the country do not know how to accept constructive criticism, then we can never expect unity.
14. Living beyond their means (social climbing): One of the reasons why a lot of Filipinos
live in poverty is because of overspending. Since most people want to live an elite lifestyle,
many resort to social climbing or living beyond their means. Sometimes, some of us think that
as long as we wear designer clothes and shoes, and we send our children to the most
expensive schools, it is alright to be swimming in credits and loans.
15. Passivity (lack of leadership): Filipinos' lack of initiative for change is also one reason why
our country does not progress. We keep on complaining against the government and other
societal issues. However, we do not do anything about them. One of our excuses is the lack of
faith that our small actions can bring change. However, the worse reason for this could be our
lack of care for what is happening around us. Common Filipinos also lack courage and
confidence. If you can notice it, in classrooms, churches, or conference rooms, most of us don't
like to sit in the front seat.
16. Balato-pasalubong-huthut: This habit is amoral as it economically-impoverishes quickly
the giver if he/she attempts to satisfy all demands for quality/quantity being
demanded/expected, and if the he/she chooses to shy away from such demand, he/she
becomes the social outcast and the subject of nasty gossips.
17. Ganging-up for regular group-vice: Whether nightly beer-sessions, non-stop weekend
mahjongset cetera, such habits are addictions that destroy one's life, one's job performance,
one's family relationships. Not only is this habit amoral with zero-sum outcomes, this likewise
the equivalent of a long-drawn-out suicide process.
PROVISIONS OF RA 8491 “FLAG AND HERALDIC CODE OF THE PHILIPPINES”
Republic Act No. 8491 otherwise known as the Flag and Heraldic Code of the Philippines states
that reverence and respect shall at all times be accorded the flag, the anthem, and other
national symbols which embody the national ideals and which express the principles of
sovereignty and national solidarity. prohibits the use of the flag as trademarks or for industrial,
commercial or agricultural labels or designs.
IRR OF RA 8491 (summary)
The amendment of Republic Act 8491, or the law that prescribes the Code of the heraldic items
and devices in the Philippines, is intended to invigorate love of country and underscore the
importance of complying with standard expressions of respect for our national symbols.
1987 CONSTITUTION, PREAMBLE, ARTICLE 1, ARTICLE 2, ARTICLE XIV, ARTICLE XV,
ARTICLE XVI.
What is a constitution?
It is a written charter enacted and adopted by the people of the state, through a convention of
representatives or in any way the people may choose to act, which a government for them is
ordained or established.
It is a written instrument by which the fundamental powers of government are established,
limited and defined and by which the powers are distributed among several departments for
their safe and useful exercise for the benefits of the body politics.
THE 1987 CONSTITUTION
THE CONSTITUTION OF THE REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES
PREAMBLE
We, the sovereign Filipino people, imploring the aid of Almighty God, in order to build a just and
humane society and establish a Government that shall embody our ideals and aspirations,
promote the common good, conserve and develop our patrimony, and secure to ourselves and
our posterity the blessings of independence and democracy under the rule of law and a regime
of truth, justice, freedom, love, equality, and peace, do ordain and promulgate this Constitution.
ARTICLE I
National Territory
The national territory comprises the Philippine archipelago, with all the islands and waters
embraced therein, and all other territories over which the Philippines has sovereignty or
jurisdiction, consisting of its terrestrial, fluvial, and aerial domains, including its territorial sea, the
seabed, the subsoil, the insular shelves, and other submarine areas. The waters around,
between, and connecting the islands of the archipelago, regardless of their breadth and
dimensions, form part of the internal waters of the Philippines.
ARTICLE II
Declaration of Principles and State Policies
Principles
SECTION 1. The Philippines is a democratic and republican State. Sovereignty resides in the
people and all government authority emanates from them.
SECTION 2. The Philippines renounces war as an instrument of national policy, adopts the
generally accepted principles of international law as part of the law of the land and adheres to
the policy of peace, equality, justice, freedom, cooperation, and amity with all nations.
SECTION 3. Civilian authority is, at all times, supreme over the military. The Armed Forces of
the Philippines is the protector of the people and the State. Its goal is to secure the sovereignty
of the State and the integrity of the national territory.
SECTION 4. The prime duty of the Government is to serve and protect the people. The
Government may call upon the people to defend the State and, in the fulfillment thereof, all
citizens may be required, under conditions provided by law, to render personal military or civil
service.
SECTION 5. The maintenance of peace and order, the protection of life, liberty, and property,
and the promotion of the general welfare are essential for the enjoyment by all the people of the
blessings of democracy.
SECTION 6. The separation of Church and State shall be inviolable.
ARTICLE XV
The Family
SECTION 1. The State recognizes the Filipino family as the foundation of the nation.
Accordingly, it shall strengthen its solidarity and actively promote its total development.
SECTION 2. Marriage, as an inviolable social institution, is the foundation of the family and shall
be protected by the State.
SECTION 3. The State shall defend:
(1) The right of spouses to found a family in accordance with their religious convictions and the
demands of responsible parenthood;
(2) The right of children to assistance, including proper care and nutrition, and special protection
from all forms of neglect, abuse, cruelty, exploitation, and other conditions prejudicial to their
development;
(3) The right of the family to a family living wage and income; and
(4) The right of families or family associations to participate in the planning and implementation
of policies and programs that affect them.
SECTION 4. The family has the duty to care for its elderly members but the State may also do
so through just programs of social security.
ARTICLE XVI
General Provisions
SECTION 1. The flag of the Philippines shall be red, white, and blue, with a sun and three stars,
as consecrated and honored by the people and recognized by law.
SECTION 2. The Congress may, by law, adopt a new name for the country, a national anthem,
or a national seal, which shall all be truly reflective and symbolic of the ideals, history, and
traditions of the people. Such law shall take effect only upon its ratification by the people in a
national referendum.
SECTION 3. The State may not be sued without its consent.
SECTION 4. The Armed Forces of the Philippines shall be composed of a citizen armed force
which shall undergo military training and serve, as may be provided by law. It shall keep a
regular force necessary for the security of the State.
