Unit-3 Question Bank Q.1 delta connected load draw a current of 15A at lagging P.F. of .85 from 400V, 3-phase, 50Hz supply. Find R & L of each phase. Ans. 42.98. , 53.7mH Sol. Given >= =400|0° 85. (lagging load) 66|-31.79°A 400/0° — 40010 e.igisi 2.98 + j16.87 2 8.66]-31.79° = 42.98. Ans. ERAKe Ree 16.87 53.7mH Ans. 27x50 Q.2 balanced 3-phase star connected load of 100 KW takes leading current of 80A, when connected across 3-phase, 1100V, 50Hz supply. Find component of load per phase. Ans. R=5.20 , C= 532HF Sol. Given P = 100KW 1, =808 In case of star connected load sea ayzitoov v= 2 % P1010" V3V,Cosp {31100 Cos10010" = 656 x1100%80 Cosp = =49", Sing =.754 1. load impedance/phase = Vr/l> 1100/ V3 80 940, R=2Cosd RE7.96x.6560 R=5.20 Ans. Xc=ZSing = 7.94x.754 =5.9860 (As leading current is drawn) 522uF Ans, 1 2250x5986Q.3 Each phase of star connected load consists of non-inductive resistance of 50. in parallel with a capacitance of 63.6}F. Calculate the line current, total power absorbed, total kVA and the power factor when this load is connected to a 381 V (line voltage), 3-phase, SOHz supply. ‘Ans. 6.22, 2.9kW, 4.1kVA, .707 381 A =220{0°= (220+)0)V. Vp= Admittance of each phase is, 44814*63.5+10 (0,024)0.02) § Hence 4.4+)4.426,22|45°A > Yo = 220 (0.0240. Pfecos) =cosa5"= [797 ans 6.22A Ans Power factor = cos45" = 0.707 leading (2204)0)Y, | (4.AejA.a)A Hence complex power/phase S=valt $= (220+j0) (4.4-j4.4)=968-j968 = 1369|—45° VA 4.107 kVA Ans. Total apparent power in the 3 phase = 3x1369 VA= 2.904KW Ans. Total power absorbed in the 3 phase = 3x968W = Q.4 Calculate the active and reactive current components in each phase of a star connected, 10,000V, 3 phase alternator supplying 5000 kW at a power factor of 0.8. Ifthe total current remains the same when the load power factor is raised to 0.9, find the new output.Ans. 289A, 216A, 5625kW Sol. p= 3 VI, Cose ie 50010" N3V,cosé 3 10,000x0.8 289A Ans, =3614 ©. The active currant = |, cos = 361% 0.8= 216 A Ans. The reactive current = |, sing = 361%0.6= The new power at 0.9 PF. 5625kW Ans. Q.5 Abalanced 3-phase star connected load of 150kW takes a leading current of 100A with a line voltage of 1100V, S0Hz. Find the circuit constants of the load per phase. Ans. R= 50 X= 390,C= 816uF Sol. Phase impedance Phase Voltage Phase current 1100 _ x100 V3 150%1000, The Power per phase = Roly 50x10" 100x100 LS2 Ans. . The reactive part is capacitive (leading current)OC (39:2 Ans. 10 up 3143.9 816 Ans. Q.6 Three equal star connected inductors take 8kW at power factor 0.8 when connected to 460V, 3 phase, 3 wire supply. Find the line currents if one inductor is short circuited. Ans. -21.7|83° A, 21.7|-157°A, 37.6|53° A Sol. p= BT I, Cos 2 P___ 8000 V3V,cosg V3 *460%0.8 The phase impedance fo 40 51 160 J, V3x12.55 {l,2I: for star connection) cos = 8; 6 =37° Since Z, is shorted 3 and N are at the same potential The three line voltages as phasors will be Viz = 460 [0° Vis= 460 |-120°_ n= 460120" Since 3 and N are at the same potential 3 21.16|37°-21,7|83° A Ans. -2.64-j21.58 21.7|157° A Ans. =-19.97-j8.48 A {i+ = 19.97+2.644)(8.48+21.5) A 37.6|53°A Ans. = 22.61 + j29.98 = (i.e.) the three line currents are -21.7A, 21.7A and 37.6 & Q.7 The circuit shown in which R = 2000, r = 100© and L = 0.552H is connected to a symmetrical 3 phase, 400 V, 50 Hz system at points 1, 2 and 3. Find the p.d. between A, B and C, when the phase sequence of the supply is (a) 1, 2, 3 (b) 1, 3, 2 ‘Ans. (a) 0, (b) 400 |oorv Sol. (RérjtjoL. = (2004100) + j173.3 = 346.5|30° 0Phase 123 Vaz = 400|0° V, Vos = 400|-120°V, Vay= 400]120°V Vaa= (r4j OL Vhs¥Rl =231|30° + 231|-150° =231)30°-231]30° = [_o ans. Phase 132 Hy 400120 gpg 346.5)30° 346.5|30° Hence, Ves = 231|30°+20021.154]90° = 231[30°+231|90° = 2004)115.5+/231 400|60°V Ans. = 2004)246.5= Q.8 A 3 wire 3 phase supply feeds a load consisting of three equal resistors. By how much is the load reduced if one of the resistors be removed (a) when the load is star connected (b) when the load is delta connected? Ans. (a) 50%, (b) 33.3% Sol. (2) Star connected With all three resistors vy, var * The total power= 3Rl,” = 3Rx wf) BRR With one resistor removedThe power FORD? = 2B ll) 4R° 2R I I Ip Ip R R Vi Vi R R R This is half of the above. ©. The reduction in power = 50% Ans. {c) Delta connected With all three resistors currant in each resistor vi The Power With one resistor removed33.3% Ans. Q.9 A 3:phase star-connected alternator feeds 2 2000 hp delta-connected induction motor having a P.F. of 0.85 and an efficiency of 0.93. Calculate the current and the active and reactive components in (a) each alternator phase (b) each motor phase. The line voltage is 2200v. ‘Ans. (a) 495A, 421A, 261A (b) 286A, 243A, isi Sol. Motor input 2000746 _ HPx746 1 0.93 6x 10° Watts If |, Is the line current we have AVI, c089-= Input = L610" | ga5a ans V3 22000.85 Power factor = 0.85 = cos ¢ sing = 0.527 {a) Alternator (star connected) Phase current = line current = 4954 421A Ans Active component = Icos = 261A Ans Reactive component =Isin @ = {b) Induction motor (delta connected)286A Ans. Phase current |, 243 A Ans, Active component =I, coeg 151 AAns, Reactive component = Ipsing Q.10 Three star-connected impedances Z; = 204)37.72 per phase are connected in parallel with three delta-connected impedances Z, = 30-159.322 per phase. The line voltage is 398V. Find the line current, P.F, Power and reactive volt-amperes taken by the combination. ‘Ans. 3.36|-98° A, 985 lagging, 2284W, 394 VAR Sol. The phase voltage 215 30-159.3Q The equivalent star impedance 0.79+ j4.198 3.36|-9.8° A Ans. The total current 3140.57 = — 0.985 lagging Ans. The P.F. = cos $ = cos9.8°= sin 9 20.17 ©. The power = 3 x power per phase 2284W Ans.= 3x 230 x 3.36 x 0.985 = The reactive VA= 3x VIsing = 3x 230% 3,26 0.17 = 394 VAR Ans. Q.11 Prove that PA = 3Py if load per phase same. Ans. PA = BP, Sol Let Vi~ Line voltage R,— resistive load per phase 2,~ impedance per phase WB For Y connective vy, Py = 3xVelp Cos g = 3Vex— ° Z, For A connective Vor M By Comparison (2) & (2)PA =3P, Ans. Q.12 Three identical coils are connected in star to a three phase SOHz supply. If the line current is 10A, total power consumed is 12kW and volt ~ ampere input is 15 KVA, find the line voltage Vi, phase voltage Vp, VAR input, resistance and inductance of each coil. Ans. 866V, 500V, 9000VAR, 402, 0.095H Sol. \=10A; Pa12kW; — S=15KVA 12 cos = pf. 15 708: Hence sing = 06 BI. 12107 ee = [266 voit, Ans j,cosé V3 x10x0.8 V, _ 866 (== =—== | $00 volt. Ans, BB a= V30;r, sing = V3 x866«10x0.6= | 9000 VAR Ans. ¥, soor 0A; 2, R,=Z,cosd = 50x0.8= X,= 2, sind = 50x0,6=300 Inductance/phase is L 0.095H Ans a3 stance are connected in (a) star (b) delta across a 400-V, 50Hz, 3-phase mains. Calculate the power taken from the supply system in each case. In the event of one of the three r ances getting open-circuited, what would be the value of total power taken from the mains in each of the two cases? ‘Ans. 1600W, 4800W, 800W 3200W Sol.{i) Star Connection v,=400//3 V I Z, ¥3x100 3 * V, 4oo 4 cos = 1 as load is non-inductive resistance NBII, cos 1600w =3 x400x4 x 1/ ¥3 (1) {ii) Delta Connection Vp=400V ; Ry= 100.0 |,= 400 /100= 4A BA V3 xa00xax J « When one of the resistors is disconnected 4g00w (2) {i) Star Connection The circuit no longer remains a 3-phase circuit but consists of two 1002 resistors in series across a 400-V supply. Current in ines A and C is = 400/20 Power absorbed in both = 21°R, = 2x4%100 = ‘300 W (3) Comparing (3) with (1) it is seen thet by disconnecting one resistor, the power consumption is reduced by half. {ii) Delta Connection In this case, currents in AB and AC remain as Usual 120° out of phase with each other.Current in each phase = 400/100=48 Power consumption in both = 2x 42x 100 = woul) Comparing (4) with (2) it is seen that when one resistor is disconnected, the power consumption is reduced by one-third. 14 A 3-phase, 37.3kW, 440-V, 50Hz induction motor operates on full load with an efficiency of 89% and at a power factor of 0.85 lagging. Calculate the total kVA rating of capacitors required to raise the full-load power factor at 0.95 lagging. What will be the capacitance per phase if the capacitors are (a) delta-connected and (b) star-connected? ‘Ans. 65.79uF, 197.4nF Sol. Motor power input P = 37.3/0.89 = 41.191kW Power Factor = 0.85 (lag) cos s=.85 = 31,78" tang .=.6197 KVR; 241.191 tang = 41.191 x 6197 25.52 cos¢, = 0.95. #, = 18.2°;tan18.2° = 0.3288 The difference in the values of KVAR is due to the capacitors which supply leading kVAR to partially neutralize the lagging KVAR of the motor. - leading kVAR supplied by capacitors is VAR: KVAR: 5 52-13.54 = 12 Since capacitors are loss-free, their kVAR is the same as kVA kvA/capacitors = 12/3 =4 . VAR/capacitor=4 {2)In A-connection, voltage across each capacitor is 440V Current drawn by each capacitor Now, = | 65.79uF Ans. {b) In star connection, voltage across each capacitor is = 440/3 VCurrent drawn by each capacitor, I Q.15 Three impedance coils, each having a resistance of 2012 and a reactance of 15, are connected in star to a 400-V, 3-(, SOH2 supply. Calculate (i) the line current Or, c= VC or, 15.74= A000 15.744 440/ V3 440 Wis 197.4uF Ans. supplied and (ii) the power factor. If three capacitors, each of the same capacitance, are connected in delta to the same supply so as to form parallel circuit with the above impedance coils, calculate the capacitance of each capacitor to obtain a resultant power factor of 0.95 lagging. Sol. z,2 420 415° 2 03 $.= Ry/Zp= 20/25 =0.8 lag; When capacitors are not connected (i) p= 400 / 25x V3 248 =I, (star ‘Ans. (i) 9.24A (i) 5,120W (iil) 8, C= 14.32HF sing 1= 0.6 lag connected load) 30xC 9.248 Ans. (i) P= V3PzT, cos = V3 x400%9.24%0.8 = [5 120w Ans (iil) Power factor = . Motor VAR; = 317, sing = V3 x 400%9.24%0.6 0.8 (lag) Ans. When capacitors are connected 840 Power factor cos¢,—0.95, ¢y—18.2°; tan 18,2°-0.3288 Since capacitors themselves do not absorb any power, active power remains the same i.e. 5,120 W even when capacitors are connected, what changes is the VAR. Now VAR =P tang,=5 120>0,3288=1684 Leading VAR supplied by the three capacitors is= VAR, -VAR, = 3840 ~1684 = 2156 VAR VAR/Capacitor= 2156/3 = 719 For delta connection, voltage across each capacitor is 400V ~. le = 719/400 = 1.7984 Also le= = OVC ¢. C=1,798/ 27x 50% 400 = 14.3210 14.32uF Ans. Vee Q.16 A symmetrical 3-phase, 3-wire supply with a line voltage of 173 V supplies two balanced 3- phase laods; one Y-connected with each branch impedance equal to (6+j8) ohm and the other A-connected with each branch impedance equal to (18+)24) ohm. Calculate {i) The magnitudes of branch current taken by each 3-phase load {li) the magnitude of the total line current and {iil) the power factor of the entire load circuit Draw the phasor diagram of the voltages and currents for the two loads. Ans. (i) 10A (ii) 20A (ii) 0.6 lag Sol. The equivalent Y-load of the given A-load is = (184j24)/3 = (6+j8) {. With this, the problem now reduces to one of solving two equal Y-loads connected in parallel across the 3-phase supply as shown in (a) Phasor diagram for the combined load for one phase only is given in (b). Combined load impedance 1g5-20L53.1" ® = (64j8)/2 = 34)4 [53.12 2 Vp=173//3 = 100{i) branch current taken byeach loadis | 10 AAns, 20AAns (ii) line current is 0.6 (lag) Ans. (iil) combined power factor = COS 53.1" = Q.17 Three identical impedance of 30|30° ohms are connected in delta to a 3-phase, 3-wire, 208 V abe system by conductors which have impedances of (0.8+{0.63) ohm. Find The ‘magnitude of the line voltage at the load end. ‘Ans. 109.00 v Sol. The equivalent 2, of the given Z Ais 30/30°/3 = 10/30° = (8.66+j5)Q. Hence, the load connections become as shown in = (0.84/0.6)+(8.664)5) =9.464)5.6= 11|30.6° 2 Vin Vp=208/ 3 = 120V Let Vin = 120/0° v = 120|0°/11]30.6° = 10.9|-30.6° a 84/06 7° Voltage drop on line conductors is '1|36.87° 0.9[6.3° = 10.83 + j1.196 v 120+ j0)—(10.83 + j1.196) 109.00|-.628° Ans. 109.17 = j1.196 Q.18 A balanced delta-connected load having an impedance Z,= (300+]210) ohm in each phase is supplied from 400V, 3-phase supply through a 3-phase line having an impedance of Z, =(44]8) ohm in each phase. Find the total power supplied to the load as well as the current and voltage in each phase of the load. ‘Ans, 1158.2W, 1.78A, 216.9V Sol. The equivalent Y-load of the given A-load is = (300+)210)/3 = (1004j70) Q Ze = 44j8 = 8.94|63.4 Hence, connections become as shown in = (4+ j8)+(100+ 770) =104+ 78 =130[36.9° 2 “= 400/ 3 1.78|-36.9° A Ans, 231(0°/130[86.9° =| Line drop Vi =I, % Zi, =1.78}36.9°«8.94]63.4° = 15.9|26.5° = 14.24 j7.1V 216.9|-1.87° Ans. = (231+ j0)~(14.2+ 7.1) = (226.8-]7.1) = Phase voltage at load end, Vz» =216.9V Phase current at load end, Ijo = 1.784, 1158.8 W Ans. Power supplied to load = 3x 1.78%216.9= Incidentally, line voltage at load end Vic = 216.93 = 375.7V Q.19 Two wattmeters are used for measuring the power input and the power factor of an over- excited synchronous motor. If the reading of the meters are (-2.0kW) and (#7.0 kW) respectively, calculate the input and power factor of the motor. ‘Ans. SkW, .305 Sol. tang = 5% W+W, W, =-2kW W. = 7kW tang — Vi! 1176) =72.2°(lead) 305(lead) Ans. cos =00s72.2° 45kW Ans. Input = + .20 A wattmeter reads 5.54 kW when its current coil is connected in R phase and its voltage coil is connected between the neutral and the R phase of a symmetrical 3-phase system supplying a balanced load of 30 A at 400 V. What will be the reading on the instrument if, the connection to the current coil remain unchanged and the voltage coil be connected between B and Y phases? Take phase sequence RYB. Draw the corresponding phasor diagram, Ans. 7.2kW Sol. As seen from WirVala cosy Or — 5.54«10*-(400/J3)x30xcosé 08 4-0.8,sing=0.6 In the second case 7.2kW Ans. Wa Vials cos (90° — §) = 400% 30 xsin ¢ = 400 x30%0.6=