LIGHTING DESIGN – FOOTCANDLE RECOMMENDATIONS

Currently Recommended Illuminance Categories &

Illuminance Values For Lighting Design—Target Maintined Levels
The tabulation that follows is a consolidated listing of current illumi- This table has been divided into the six parts for ease of use. Part I
nance recommendations. This listing is intended to guide the lighting provides a listing of both Illuminance Categories and Illuminance
designer in selecting an appropriate illuminance for design and evalu- Values for generic types of interior activities and normally is to be
ation of lighting systems. used when Illuminance Categories for a specific Area/Activity cannot
be found in Parts II and III. Parts IV, V and VI provide target maintained
Guidance is provided in two forms: (1), in Parts I, II, and III as an Illuminance Values for outdoor facilities, sports and recreational
Illuminance Category, representing a range of illuminances and (2), in areas, and transportation vehicles where special considerations
parts IV, V and VI as an Illuminance Value. Illuminance Categories are apply.
represented by letter designations A through I. Illuminance Values are
given in lux with an approximate equivalence in footcandles and as In all cases, the recommendations in this table are based on the
such are intended as target (nominal) values with deviations expect- assumption that the lighting will be properly designed to take into
ed. These target values also represent maintained values. account the visual characteristics of the task.

I. Illuminance Categories and Illuminance Values for Generic Types of Activities in Interiors

RANGES OF ILLUMINANCES
TYPE OF ACTIVITY CATEGORY LUX FOOTCANDLES REFERENCE WORK-PLANE
Public spaces with dark
surroundings A 20-30-50 2-3-5

Simple orientation for B 50-75-100 5-7,5-10

short temporary visits General lighting
throughout spaces
Working spaces where C 100-150-200 10-15-20
visual tasks are only
occasionally performed

Performance of visual tasks of D 200-300-500 20-30-50

high contrast or large size

Performance of visual E 500-750-1000 50-75-100

tasks of medium contrast
or small size
Illuminance on task
Performance of visual F 1000-1500-2000 100-150-200
tasks of low contrast or
very small size

Performance of visual G 2000-3000-5000 200-300-500

tasks of low contrast and
very small size over a
prolonged period Illuminance on task,
obtained by a
Performance of very H 5000-7500-10000 500-750-1000 combination of
prolonged and exacting general and local
visual tasks (supplementary
lighting)
Performance of very I 10000-15000-20000 1000-1500-2000
special visual tasks of
extremely low contrast
and small size

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II. Commercial, Institutional, Residential and Public Assembly Interiors
Area/Activity Illuminance Area/Activity Illuminance Area/Activity Illuminance Area/Activity Illuminance
Category Category Category Category
Air terminals (see Food service facilities Examination and Post-anesthetic recovery room17
Transportation terminals) Dining areas treatment rooms17 General18 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .E
Cashier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .D General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .D Local . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .H
Armories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .C1 Cleaning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .C Local . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .E Pulmonary function
Dining . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .B6 Eye surgery17 . . . . . . . . . . . . .F laboratories17 . . . . . . . . . . . .E
Auditoriums Food displays (see Fracture room17 Radiology suite17
Assembly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .C1 Merchandising spaces) General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .E Diagnostic section
Social activity . . . . . . . . . . . . .B Kitchen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .E Local . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .F General18 . . . . . . . . . . . . .A
Gasoline stations Inhalation therapy . . . . . . . . . .D Waiting area . . . . . . . . . .A
Banks (also see Reading) (see Service Stations) Laboratories17 Radiographic/
Lobby Specimen collecting . . . . . .E fluoroscopic room . . . .A
General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .C Graphic design and material Tissue laboratories . . . . . . .F Film sorting . . . . . . . . . . .F
Writing area . . . . . . . . . . . .D Color selection . . . . . . . . . . . .F11 Microscopic Barium kitchen . . . . . . . .E
Tellers stations . . . . . . . . . .E3 Charting and mapping . . . . . .F reading room . . . . . . . . .D Radiation therapy section
Graphs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .E Gross specimen review . . .F General18 . . . . . . . . . . . . .B
Barber shops and Keylining . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .F Chemistry rooms . . . . . . . .E Waiting area . . . . . . . . . .B
beauty parlors . . . . . . . . . . . .E Layout and artwork . . . . . . . . .F Bacteriology rooms Isotope kitchen,
Photographs, moderate General . . . . . . . . . . . . . .E general . . . . . . . . . . . . .E
Conference rooms detail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .E13 Reading culture plates. . .F Isotope kitchen,
Conferring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .D Hematology . . . . . . . . . . . .E benches . . . . . . . . . . . .E
Critical seeing (refer to Health care facilities Linens Computerized
individual task) Ambulance (local) . . . . . . . . . .E Sorting soiled linen . . . . . . .D radiotomography section
Anesthetizing . . . . . . . . . . . . .E Central (clean) Scanning room . . . . . . . .B
Depots, terminals and stations Autopsy and morgue17,18 linen room . . . . . . . . . . .D Equipment maintenance
(see Transportation terminals) Autopsy, general . . . . . . . . .E Sewing room, general . . . .D room . . . . . . . . . . . . . .E
Autopsy table . . . . . . . . . . .G Sewing room, work area . .E Solarium
Drafting Morgue, general . . . . . . . . .D Linen closet . . . . . . . . . . . . .B General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .C
Mylar Museum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .E Lobby . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .C Local for reading . . . . . . . . .D
High contrast media; india Cardiac function lab . . . . . . . .E Locker rooms . . . . . . . . . . . . .C Stairways . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .C
ink, plastic leads, soft Central sterile supply Medical illustration Surgical suite17
graphite leads . . . . . . . . . . .E3 Inspection, general . . . . . . .E studio17,18 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .F Operating room,
Low contrast media: Inspection . . . . . . . . . . . . . .F Medical records . . . . . . . . . . .E general18 . . . . . . . . . . . . .F
hard graphite leads . . . . . . .F3
At sinks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .E Nurseries17 Scrub room18 . . . . . . . . . . . .E
Vellum Work areas, general . . . . . .D General18 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .C Instruments and sterile
High contrast . . . . . . . . . . .E3 Processed storage . . . . . . . .D Observation and supply room . . . . . . . . .D
Low contrast . . . . . . . . . . . .F3 Corridors17 treatment . . . . . . . . . . . . . .E Clean up room,
Tracing paper Nursing areas — day . . . . .C Nursing stations17 instruments . . . . . . . . . . .E
High contrast . . . . . . . . . . .E3 Nursing areas — night . . . .B General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .D Anesthesia storage . . . . . . .C
Low contrast . . . . . . . . . . . .F3 Operating areas, delivery, Desk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .E Substerilizing room . . . . . .C
Overlays2 recovery, and laboratory Corridors day . . . . . . . . . . .C Surgical induction room17,18 . . .E
Light table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .C suites and service . . . . . .E Corridors night . . . . . . . . . .A Surgical holding area17,18 . . . . .E
Prints Critical care areas17 Medication station . . . . . . .E Toilets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .C
Blue line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .E General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .C Obstetric delivery suite17 Utility room . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .D
Blueprints . . . . . . . . . . . . . .E Examination . . . . . . . . . . . .E Labor rooms Waiting areas17
Sepia prints . . . . . . . . . . . . .F Surgical task lighting . . . . .H General . . . . . . . . . . . . . .C General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .C
Handwashing . . . . . . . . . . .F Local . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .E Local for reading . . . . . . . . .D
Educational facilities Cystoscopy room17,18 . . . . . . . .E Birthing room . . . . . . . . . . .F7
Classrooms Dental suite17 Delivery area Hospitals (see Health care facilities)
General (see Reading) General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .D Scrub, general . . . . . . . .G
Drafting (see Drafting) Instrument tray . . . . . . . . . .E General . . . . . . . . . . . . .G Kitchens (see Food service facilities)
Home economics Oral cavity . . . . . . . . . . . . .H Resuscitation . . . . . . . . .G
Science laboratories . . . . . . . .E Prosthetic laboratory, Post-delivery recovery
Lecture rooms general . . . . . . . . . . . . . .D area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .E
Audience (see Reading) Prosthetic laboratory, work Substerilizing room . . . . . .B
Demonstration . . . . . . . . . .F bench . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .E Occupational therapy 17
Music rooms (see Reading) Prosthetic laboratory, Work area, general . . . . . . .D
Shops (see Part III, local . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .F Work tables or benches . . .E
Industrial Group) Recovery room, general . . .C Patients rooms17
Sight saving rooms . . . . . . . . .F Recovery room, General17 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .B
Study halls (see Reading) emergency Observation . . . . . . . . . . . .A
Typing (see Reading) examination . . . . . . . . . .E Critical examination . . . . . .E
Sports facilities (see Part V, Dialysis unit, medical17 . . . . . .F Reading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .D
Sports and Recreational Areas) Elevators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .C Toilets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .D
Cafeterias (see Food Service EKG and specimen room17 Pharmacy17
facilities) General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .B General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .E
Dormitories (see Residences) On equipment . . . . . . . . . . .C Alcohol vault . . . . . . . . . . . .D
Emergency outpatient17 Laminar flow bench . . . . . .F
Elevators, freight and General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .E Night light . . . . . . . . . . . . .A
passenger . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .C Local . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .F Parenteral solution room . .D
Endoscopy rooms17,18 Physical therapy departments
Exhibition halls . . . . . . . . . . . . . .C1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .E Gymnasiums . . . . . . . . . . . .D
Peritoneoscopy . . . . . . . . . .D Tank rooms . . . . . . . . . . . . .D
Fire halls (see Municipal buildings) Culdoscopy . . . . . . . . . . . . .D Treatment cubicles . . . . . . .D

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Area/Activity Illuminance Area/Activity Illuminance Area/Activity Illuminance Area/Activity Illuminance
Category Category Category Category

Libraries Handwritten carbon Cutting, punching, stitching . .E steaming . . . . . . . . . . . . . .E

Reading areas (see Reading) copies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .E Embossing and Inspection and spotting. . . . . .G
Book stacks (vertical Non-photographically inspection . . . . . . . . . . . . . .F Presiding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .F
760 millimeters [30 inches] reproducible colors . . . .F Repair and alteration . . . . . . .F
above floor) Chalkboards . . . . . . . . . . . .E3 Breweries Cloth products
Active stacks . . . . . . . . . . . .D Printed tasks Brew house . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .D Cloth inspection . . . . . . . . . . .I
Inactive stacks . . . . . . . . . . .B 6 point type . . . . . . . . . . . . .E3
Boiling and keg Cutting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .G
Book repair and binding . . . . .D 8 and 10 point type . . . . . . .D3 washing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .D Sewing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .G
Cataloging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .D3 Glossy magazines . . . . . . . .D13 Filling (bottles, cans, kegs) . . .D Pressing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .F
Card files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .E Maps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .E
Carrels, individual study areas Newsprint . . . . . . . . . . . . . .D Building construction Clothing manufacture (men’s)
(see Reading) Typed originals . . . . . . . . . .D (see Part IV, Outdoor Facilities) Receiving, opening, storing,
Circulation desks . . . . . . . . . . .D Typed 2nd carbon shipping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .D
Map, picture and print rooms and later . . . . . . . . . . . . .E Building exteriors (see Part IV, Examining (perching) . . . . . . .I
(see Graphic design and Telephone books . . . . . . . . .E Outdoor Facilities) Sponging, decating, winding,
material) measuring . . . . . . . . . . . . . .D
Audiovisual areas . . . . . . . . . .D Safety Candy making Piling up and marking . . . . . .E
Audio listening areas . . . . . . .D Box deportment . . . . . . . . . . .D Cutting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .G
Microform areas (see Reading) Schools (see Educational Chocolate department Pattern making, preparation
facilities) Husking, winnowing, fat of trimming, piping,
Locker rooms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .C extraction, crushing and canvas and shoulder
Service spaces (see also refining, feeding . . . . . . .D pads. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .E
Municipal buildings— Storage rooms] Bean cleaning, sorting, Fitting bundling shading,
fire and police Stairways, corridors . . . . . . . .C dipping, packing, stitching . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .D
Police Elevators, freight and wrapping . . . . . . . . . . . .D Shops . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .F
Identification records . . . . .F passenger . . . . . . . . . . . . . .C Milling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .E Inspection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .G
Jail cells and Toilets and wash rooms . . . . .C Cream making Pressing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .F
interrogation rooms . . . .D Mixing, cooking, molding . .D Sewing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .G
Service stations Gum drops and
Fire hall . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .D Service bays (see Part III, jellied forms . . . . . . . . . . . .D Control rooms (see Electric
Industrial Group) Hand decorating . . . . . . . . . . .D generating stations — interior)
Offices Sales room Hard candy
Accounting (see Reading) (see Merchandising spaces) Mixing, cooking, molding . .D Corridors (see Service spaces)
Conference areas (see Die cutting and sorting . . . .E
Conference rooms) Stairways (see Service spaces) Kiss making and wrapping . . .E Cotton gin industry
Drafting (see Drafting) Overhead equipment —
General and private offices Storage rooms (see Part III, Canning and preserving separators, dryers, grid
(see Reading) Industrial Group) Initial grading raw material cleaners stick machines,
Libraries (see Libraries) samples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .D conveyers, feeders and
Lobbies, lounges and Stores (see Merchandising spaces Tomatoes . . . . . . . . . . . . . .E catwalks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .D
reception areas . . . . . . . . . .C and Show windows) Color grading and cuffing Gin stand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .D
Mail sorting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .E rooms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .F Control console . . . . . . . . . . .D
Off-set printing and Toilets and washrooms . . . . . . .C Preparation Lint cleaner . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .D
duplicating area . . . . . . . . .D Preliminary sorting Bale press . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .D
Transportation terminals Apricots and peaches . . .D
Reading Waiting room and lounge . . . .C Tomatoes . . . . . . . . . . . .E Dairy farms (see Farms)
Copied tasks Ticket counters . . . . . . . . . . . .E Olives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .F
Ditto copy . . . . . . . . . . . . . .E3 Baggage checking . . . . . . . . .D Cutting and pitting . . . . . . .E Dairy products
Micro-fiche Rest rooms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .C Final sorting . . . . . . . . . . . .E Fluid milk industry
reader . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B12,13 Concourse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .B Canning Boiler room . . . . . . . . . . . . .D
Mimeograph . . . . . . . . . . . .D Boarding area . . . . . . . . . . . .C Continuous-belt canning . .E Bottle storage . . . . . . . . . . .D
Photographs, moderate Sink canning . . . . . . . . . . . .E Bottle sorting . . . . . . . . . . .E
detail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .E13 III. INDUSTRIAL GROUP Hand packing . . . . . . . . . . .D Bottle washers . . . . . . . . . .E22
Thermal copy, poor copy . .F3 Olives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .E Can washers . . . . . . . . . . .D
Xerograph . . . . . . . . . . . . . .D Assembly Examination of canned Cooling equipment. . . . . . .D
Xerography, 3rd generation Simple . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .D samples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .F Filling inspection . . . . . . . .E
and greater . . . . . . . . . . .E Moderately difficult . . . . . . . . .E Container handling Gauges (on face) . . . . . . . .E
Electronic data processing tasks Difficult . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .F Inspection . . . . . . . . . . . . . .F Laboratories . . . . . . . . . . . .E
CRT screens . . . . . . . . . . . . . B12,13 Very difficult . . . . . . . . . . . . . .G Can unscramblers . . . . . . . .E Meter panels (on face) . . . .E
Impact printer Exacting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .H Labeling and cartooning . . .D Pasteurizers . . . . . . . . . . . . .D
good ribbon . . . . . . . . . .D Separators . . . . . . . . . . . . .D
poor ribbon . . . . . . . . . .E Bakeries Casting (see Foundries) Storage refrigerator . . . . . .D
2nd carbon and Mixing room . . . . . . . . . . . . . .D Tanks, vats
greater . . . . . . . . . . . .E Face of shelves . . . . . . . . .D Central stations (see Electric Light interiors . . . . . . . . .C
Ink jet printer . . . . . . . . . . .D Inside of mixing bowl . . . . .D generating stations) Dark interiors . . . . . . . . .E
Keyboard reading . . . . . . . .D Fermentation room . . . . . . . . .D Thermometer (on face) . . . .E
Machine rooms Make up room Chemical plants (see Petroleum Weighing room . . . . . . . . . .D
Active operations . . . . . .D BreadD and chemical plants) Scales . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .E
Tape storage . . . . . . . . . .D Sweet yeast-raised
Machine area . . . . . . . . .C products . . . . . . . . . . . . .D Clay and concrete products Dispatch boards (see Electric
Equipment service . . . . .E10 Proofing room . . . . . . . . . .D Grinding, filter presses, generating stations — interior)
Thermal print . . . . . . . . . . .E Oven room . . . . . . . . . . . . .D kiln rooms . . . . . . . . . . . . . .C
Handwritten tasks Fillings and other Molding, pressing, cleaning, Dredging (see Part IV,
#3 pencil and ingredients. . . . . . . . . . .D trimming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .D Outdoor Facilities)
softer leads . . . . . . . . . . .E3 Decorating and icing Enameling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .E
#4 pencil and Mechanical . . . . . . . . . . .D Color and glazing — Electrical equipment
harder leads . . . . . . . . . .F3 Hand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .E rough work . . . . . . . . . . . . .E manufacturing
Boll-point pen . . . . . . . . . .D3 Scales and Color and glazing — Impregnating . . . . . . . . . . . . .D
Felt-tip pen . . . . . . . . . . . . .D thermometers . . . . . . . .D fine work . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .F Insulating: coil winding . . . . .E
Wrapping . . . . . . . . . . . . . .D
Cleaning and pressing industry
Book binding Checking and sorting . . . . . . .E
Folding, assembling pasting. .D Dry and wet cleaning and
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Area/Activity Illuminance Area/Activity Illuminance Area/Activity Illuminance Area/Activity Illuminance
Category Category Category Category

Electric generating stations — Feed storage area — storage Fine grinding, beveling. Materials handling
interior (see also Nuclear power Haymow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .A polishing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .E Wrapping, packing,
plants) Hay inspection area . . . . . .C Inspection, etching and labeling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .D
Air-conditioning equipment, Ladders and stairs . . . . . . .C decorating . . . . . . . . . . . . . .F Picking stock, classifying . . . .D
air pre-heater and fan floor, Silo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .A Loading, inside truck
ash sluicing . . . . . . . . . . . . .B Silo room . . . . . . . . . . . . . .C Glove manufacturing bodies and freight cars . . . .C
Auxiliaries, pumps, Feed storage area — grain Pressing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .G
tanks, compressors, and concentrate Knitting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .F Meat packing
gauge area . . . . . . . . . . . . .C Grain bin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .A Sorting. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .F Slaughtering . . . . . . . . . . . . . .D
Battery rooms . . . . . . . . . . . .D Concentrate storage Cuffing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .G Cleaning, cutting, cooking,
Boiler platforms . . . . . . . . . . .B area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .B Sewing and inspection. . . . . .G grinding, canning,
Burner platforms . . . . . . . . . . .C Feed processing area . . . . . . .B packing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .D
Cable room . . . . . . . . . . . . . .B Livestock housing area Hangars (see Aircraft
Coal handling systems . . . . . .B (community, maternity, manufacturing) Nuclear power plants (see also
Coal pulverizer . . . . . . . . . . . .C individual calf pens, and Electric Generating Stations)
Condensers, deaerator loose housing holding Hat manufacturing Auxiliary building, uncontrolled
floor, evaporator floor, and resting areas) . . . . . . . .B Dyeing, stiffening, braiding, access areas . . . . . . . . . . . .C
heater floors . . . . . . . . . . . .B Machine storage area cleaning, refining . . . . . . . .E Controlled access areas
Control rooms (garage and machine Forming, sizing, Count room . . . . . . . . . . . . .E23
Main control boards . . . . . . . .D23 shed) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .B pouncing, flanging, Laboratory . . . . . . . . . . . . .E
Auxiliary control panels . . . . .D23 Farm shop area finishing, ironing . . . . . . . .F Health physics office . . . . . .F
Operator’s station . . . . . . . . .E23 Active storage area . . . . . . .B Sewing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .G Medical aid room . . . . . . . .F
Maintenance and General shop area Hot laundry . . . . . . . . . . . . .D
wiring areas . . . . . . . . . .D (machinery repair Inspection Storage room . . . . . . . . . . .C
Emergency operating rough sawing) . . . . . . . .D Simple. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .D Engineered safety
lighting . . . . . . . . . . . . . .C Rough bench and Moderately difficult . . . . . . . . .E features equipment . . . .D
Gauge reading . . . . . . . . . .D machine work(painting, Difficult . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .F Diesel generator building . . . .D
Hydrogen and carbon fine storage, ordinary Very difficult. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .G Fuel handling building
dioxide manifold area . . . . .C sheet metal work, Exacting. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .H Operating floor . . . . . . . . . .D
Laboratory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .E welding, medium Below operating floor . . . . .C
Precipitators . . . . . . . . . . . . . .B benchwork) . . . . . . . . . . .D Jewelry and watch Oil gas building . . . . . . . . . . . .C
Screen house . . . . . . . . . . . . .C Medium bench and manufacturing . . . . . . . . . . . .G Radwaste building . . . . . . . . .D
Soot or slag blower machine work (fine Reactor building
platform . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .C woodworking, drill press, Laundries Operating floor . . . . . . . . . .D
Steam headers and metal lathe, grinder) . . . .E Washing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .D Below operating floor . . . . .C
throttles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .B Miscellaneous areas Flat work ironing, weighing,
Switchgear and motor Farm office (see Reading) listing, marking . . . . . . . . . .D Packing and boxing
control centers . . . . . . . . . .D Restrooms (see Service Machine and press (see Materials handling)
Telephone and spaces) finishing, sorting . . . . . . . . .E
communication Pumphouse . . . . . . . . . . . . .C Fine hand ironing . . . . . . . . . .E Paint manufacturing
equipment rooms . . . . . . . .D Processing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .D
Tunnels or galleries, Farms — poultry Leather manufacturing Mix comparison . . . . . . . . . . .F
piping and electrical . . . . . .B (see Poultry Industry) Cleaning tanning and
Turbine building stretching, vats . . . . . . . . . . . .D Paint shops
Operating floor . . . . . . . . . .D Flour mills Cutting, fleshing and Dipping, simple spraying,
Below operating floor . . . . .C Rolling, sifting, purifying . . . .E stuffing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .D firing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .D
Visitors gallery . . . . . . . . . . . .C Packing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .D Finishing and scarfing . . . . . .E Rubbing, ordinary hand
Water treating area . . . . . . . . .D Product control . . . . . . . . . . . .F painting and finishing
Cleaning, screens, man Leather working art, stencil and
Electric generating stations — lifts, aisleways and Pressing, winding, glazing . . .F special spraying . . . . . . . . .D
exterior (see Part IV, walkways, bin checking. . . .D Grading, matching, cuffing, Fine hand painting and
Outdoor Facilities) scarfing, sewing . . . . . . . . .G finishing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .E
Forge shops . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .E Extra-fine hand painting
Elevators (see Service spaces) Loading and unloading and finishing . . . . . . . . . . . .G
Foundries platforms (see Part IV,
Explosives manufacturing Annealing (furnaces) . . . . . . .D Outdoor Facilities) Paper-box manufacturing . . . . . .E
Hand furnaces, boiling tanks, Cleaning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .D
stationary dryers, stationary Core making Locker rooms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .C Paper manufacturing
and gravity crystallizers . . .D Fine. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .F Beaters, grinding,
Mechanical furnace, Medium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .E Logging (see Part IV, calendering . . . . . . . . . . . . .D
generators and stills, Grinding and chipping . . . . . .F Outdoor Facilities) Finishing, cuffing, trimming,
mechanical dryers, Inspection papermaking machines . . .E
evaporators, filtration, Fine. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .G Lumber yards (see Part IV, Hand counting, wet end
mechancial crystallizers . . .D Medium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .F Outdoor Facilities) of paper machine . . . . . . . .E
Tanks for cooking, extractors, Molding Paper machine reel,
percolators, nitrators . . . . . . .D Medium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .F Machine shops paper inspection, and
Large . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .E Rough bench or machine laboratories . . . . . . . . . . . . .F
Farms — dairy Pouring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .E work . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .D Rewinder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .F
Milking operation area Sorting. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .E Medium bench or machine
(milking parlor and Cupola . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .C work, ordinary automatic Plating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .D
stall barn) Shakeout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .D machines, rough grinding,
General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .C medium buffing and Polishing and burnishing (see
Cow's udder . . . . . . . . . . . .D Garages — service polishing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .E Machine shops)
Milk handling equipment Repairs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .E Fine bench or machine work,
and storage area (milk Active traffic areas . . . . . . . . .C fine automatic machines, Power plants (see Electric
house or milk room) Write-up . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .D medium grinding, fine generating stations)
General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .C buffing and polishing . . . .G
Washing area . . . . . . . . . . .E Glass works Extra-fine bench or machine
Bulk tank interior . . . . . . . .E Mix and furnace rooms, work, grinding, fine work . .H
Loading platform . . . . . . . .C pressing and lehr,
Feeding area (stall barn glass-blowing machines. . .C
feed alley, pens, loose Grinding, cutting,
housing feed area). . . . . . . .C silvering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .D

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Area/Activity Illuminance Area/Activity Illuminance Area/Activity Illuminance Area/Activity Foot
Category Category Category Lux Candles
Poultry industry (see also Safety (see Fig. 44) Active IV. OUTDOOR FACILITIES
Farm — dairy) Rough,bulky items . . . . . . .C
Brooding, production, and Sawmills Small items . . . . . . . . . . . . .D Building, (construction)
laying houses Secondary log deck . . . . . . . .B General
Feeding, inspection, Head saw (cutting area Storage yards (see Part IV, construction . . . .100 10
cleaning . . . . . . . . . . . . .C viewed by sawyer) . . . . . . .E Outdoor Facilities) Excavation work. . . .20 2
Charts and records . . . . . . .D Head saw outfeed . . . . . . . . .B
Building exteriors
Thermometers, Machine in-feeds (bull edger, Structural steel fabrication . . . . .E
Entrances
thermostats, resaws, edgers, trim, hula Sugar refining
Active (pedestrian
time clocks . . . . . . . . . . .D saws, planers) . . . . . . . . . . .B Grading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .E
and/or
Hatcheries Main mill floor Color inspection . . . . . . . . . . .F conveyance). . .50 5
General area and (base lighting) . . . . . . . . . . .A Inactive (normally
loading platform . . . . . .C Sorting tables . . . . . . . . . . . . .D Testing locked
Inside incubators . . . . . . . .D Rough lumber grading . . . . . .D General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .D infrequently
Dubbing station. . . . . . . . . .F Finished lumber grading . . . .F Exacting tests, extra-fine used) . . . . . . . .10 1
Sexing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .H Dry lumber warehouse instruments, scales, etc. . . . . .F Vital locations or
Egg handling, packing (planer) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .C structures . . . . . . .50 5
and shipping Dry kiln coiling shed . . . . . . .B Textile mills Building surrounds .10 1
General cleanliness . . . . . .E Chipper infeed . . . . . . . . . . . .B Staple fiber preparation
Egg quality inspection . . . .E Basement areas Stock dyeing, tinting . . . . . .D Buildings and monuments,
Loading platform, egg Active . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .A Sorting and grading floodlighted
storage area, etc . . . . . . .C Inactive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .A (wool and cotton) . . . . . .E16 Bright surroundings
Egg processing Filing room (work areas) . . . .E Yarn manufacturing Light surfaces . . .150 15
General lighting . . . . . . . . .E Opening and picking Medium light
Fowl processing plant Service spaces (see also (chute feed) . . . . . . . . . . .D surfaces . . . . .200 20
General (excluding killing Storage rooms) Carding (nonwoven Medium dark
and unloading area) . . . .E Stairways, corridors . . . . . . . .B web formation) . . . . . . . .D24 surfaces . . . . .300 30
Dark surfaces . . . 500 50
Government inspection Elevators, freight and Drawing (gilling, pin
Dark surroundings
station and grading passenger . . . . . . . . . . . . . .B drafting) . . . . . . . . . . . . .D
Light surfaces . . . .50 5
stations . . . . . . . . . . . . . .E Toilets and wash rooms . . . . .C Combings . . . . . . . . . . . . . .D24
Medium light
Unloading and killing Roving (clubbing, surfaces . . . . .100 10
area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .C Sheet metal works fly frame) . . . . . . . . . . . .E Medium dark
Feed storage Miscellaneous machines Spinning (cap spinning, surfaces . . . . .150 15
Grain, feed rations . . . . . . .C ordinary bench work . . . . . .E twisting, texturing) . . . . .E Dark surfaces . . . 200 20
Processing . . . . . . . . . . . . .C Presses, shears, stamps, Yarn preparation
Charts and records . . . . . . .D spinning, medium Winding, quilling, twisting .E Bulletin and poster
Machine storage area bench work . . . . . . . . . . . . .E Warping (beaming, boards
(garage and machine Punches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .E sizing) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .F16 Bright surroundings
shed) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .B Tin plate inspection, Warp tie-in or drawing-in Light surfaces . . .500 50
galvanized . . . . . . . . . . . . .F (automatic) . . . . . . . . . . .E Dark surfaces . .1000 100
Printing Industries Scribing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .F Fabric production Dark surroundings
Type foundries Weaving, knitting, tufting . .F Light surfaces . . .200 20
Matrix making, Shoe manufacturing — Inspection . . . . . . . . . . . . . .G16 Dark surfaces . . .500 50
dressing type . . . . . . . . .E leather Finishing
Font assembly—sorting . . .D Cutting and stitching Fabric preparation Central station
Casting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .E Cutting tables . . . . . . . . . . .G (desizing, scouring, (see Electric generating
Printing plants Marking, buttonholing bleaching, singeing, stations—exterior)
Color inspection and skiving, sorting, and mercerization) . . . . .D
Coal yards
appraisal . . . . . . . . . . . . .F vamping, counting . . . . .G Fabric dyeing
(protective) . . . . . . . . .2 0.2
Machine composition. . . . .E Stitching dark materials . . .G (printing) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .D
Composing room . . . . . . . .E Making and finishing, nailers, Fabric finishing (calendaring, Dredging . . . . . . . . . . .20 2
Presses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .E sole layers, welt beaters sanforizing, sueding,
Imposing stones . . . . . . . . .F and scarfers. trimmers, chemical treatment) . . . . . .E16 Electric generating
Proofreading. . . . . . . . . . . .F welters, lasters, edge Inspection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . G16,25 stations — exterior
Electrotyping setters sluggers, randers, Boiler areas
Molding. routing, finishing wheelers, beers, cleaning, Tobacco products Catwalks, general
leveling molds, spraying, buffing, Drying, stripping . . . . . . . . . . .D areas . . . . . . . .20 2
trimming . . . . . . . . . . . . .E polishing, embossing . . .F Grading and sorting . . . . . . . .F Stairs and
Blocking, tinning . . . . . . . . .D platforms. . . . .50 5
Electroplating, Shoe manufacturing—rubber Toilets and wash rooms Ground level
washing, backing . . . . . . . .D Washing, coating, mill run (see Service spaces) areas including
Photoengraving compounding . . . . . . . . . . .D precipitators,
Etching, staging, Varnishing, vulcanizing, Upholstering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .F FD and ID fans,
blocking . . . . . . . . . . . . .D calendering, upper and Warehouse (see Storage rooms) bottom ash
Routing, finishing, sole cutting . . . . . . . . . . . . .D hoppers . . . . . .50 5
proofing . . . . . . . . . . . . .E Sole rolling, lining, making Welding Cooling towers
Tint laying, masking . . . . . .E and finishing processes . . .E Orientation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .D Fan deck, platforms,
stairs, valve
Precision manual arc
areas . . . . . . . .50 5
Receiving and shipping Soap manufacturing welding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .H
Pump areas . . . . .20 2
(see Materials handling) Kettle houses. cutting, soap chip Fuel handling
and powder . . . . . . . . . . . . .D Woodworking Barge unloading,
Railroad yards (see Part IV, Stamping, wrapping and Rough sawing and car dumper,
Outdoor Facilities) packing, filling and bench work . . . . . . . . . . . .D unloading
packing soap powder . . . . .D Sizing, planing, rough hoppers, truck
Rubber goods — mechanical sanding, medium quality unloading, pumps,
(see Fig. 50)21 Stairways (see Service spaces) machine and bench work, . gas metering . .50 5
gluing, veneering, Conveyors . . . . . .20 2
Rubber tire manufacturing Steel (see Iron and Steel) cooperage . . . . . . . . . . . . . .D Storage tanks . . . .10 1
(see Fig 50)21 Fine bench and machine Coal storage
Storage battery work, fine sanding piles, ash
manufacturing . . . . . . . . . . . .D and finishing . . . . . . . . . . . .E dumps . . . . . . . .2 0.2
Central station (see Electric
Storage rooms or warehouses generating stations — exterior)
Inactive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .B
T 17

dahen's document
Area/Activity Foot Area/Activity Foot Area/Activity Foot Area/Activity Foot
Lux Candles Lux Candles Lux Candles Lux Candles
Hydroelectric Piers Landscape Step well and adjacent
Powerhouse roof, Freight . . . . . . . . . .200 20 highlights . . . . .50 5 ground area . . . . . .100 10
stairs, platform Passenger . . . . . . .200 20 Fare box . . . . . . . . . . .150 15
and intake Active shipping Ship yards General lighting
decks . . . . . . . .50 5 area surrounds. . .50 5 General . . . . . . . . . .50 5 (for seat selection
Inlet and Ways . . . . . . . . . . . .100 10 and movement)
discharge Prison yards . . . . . . . . .50 5 Fabrication City and intercity buses
water area . . . . .2 0.2 areas . . . . . . . . . .300 30 at city stop . . .100 10
Intake structures Quarries . . . . . . . . . . . .50 5 Inter-city bus at
Deck and laydown Smokestacks with country stop. . .20 2
area . . . . . . . . .50 5 Railroad yards advertising messages School bus while
Value pits . . . . . . .20 2 Retarder (see Bulletin and moving . . . . . .150 15
Inlet water area . . .2 0.2 classification poster boards) School bus at
Parking areas yards stops . . . . . . .300 30
Main plant Receiving yard Storage yards Advertising cards. . 300 30
parking . . . . . . .20 2 Switch points . .20 2 Active . . . . . . . . . . .200 20 Back-lighted
Secondary Body of yard . . 10 1 Inactive . . . . . . . . . .10 1 advertising cards
parking . . . . . . .10 1 Hump area (see Rail conveyances)
Substation (vertical) . . . . .200 20 Water tanks with Reading . . . . . . . . .3003 303
Horizontal Control tower and advertising messages Emergency exit
general area . . .20 2 retarder area (see Bulletin and (school bus) . . . . .50 5
Vertical tasks . . . .50 5 (vertical) . . . . .100 10 poster boards)
Transformer yards Head end. . . . . . . .50 5 Ships
Horizontal Body . . . . . . . . . . .10 1 Living Areas
general area . . .20 2 Pull-out end . . . . .20 2 V. TRANSPORTATION VEHICLES Staterooms and
Vertical tasks . . . .50 5 Dispatch or Cabins
Turbine areas forwarding Aircraft General
Building yard . . . . . . . . .10 1 Passenger lighting . . . .100 10
surrounds . . . .20 2 Hump and car compartment Reading and
Turbine and rider classification General . . . . . . . . . .50 5 writing . . .30015,3 3016,3
heater decks, yard Reading (at seat). . .200 20 Prolonged
unloading Receiving yard seeing . . .70016,3 7016,3
bays . . . . . . . . .50 5 Switch points . .20 2 Airports Baths (general
Entrances, Body of yard . . 10 1 Hangar apron . . . . . .10 1 lighting) . . .100 10
stairs and Hump area . . . . .50 5 Terminal building Mirrors (personal
platforms . . . .509 59 Flat switching yards apron grooming . ..500 50
Side of cars Parking area. . . . . .5 0.5 Barber shop
Flags, floodlighted (vertical). . . . . .50 5 Loading area . . . 2014 214 and beauty
(see Bulletin and Switch points. . . .20 2 parlor . . . . . . .500 50
poster boards) Trailer-on-flatcars Rail conveyances On Subject. .1000 100
Horizontal surface of Boarding or Day rooms
Gardens19 flatcar . . . . . . . .50 5 exiting . . . . . . . .100 10 General
General lighting . . . . .5 0.5 Hold down points Fare box (rapid lighting . . .20015 2015
Path, steps, away (vertical) . . . . . .50 5 transit train) . . . .150 15 Desks . . . . .50016,3 5016,3
from house . . . . . .10 1 Container-on Vestibule Dining rooms
Backgrounds— flatcars . . . . . . . . .30 3 (commuter and and
fences, walls, intercity trains) . .100 10 messrooms. . .200 20
trees, shrubbery . .20 2 Sawmills (see also Aisles . . . . . . . . . . .100 10 Enclosed
Flower beds, rock Logging) Advertising cards promenades
gardens . . . . . . . .50 5 Cut off saw . . . . . . .100 10 (rapid transit General
Trees, shrubbery, Log haul . . . . . . . . . .20 2 and commuter lighting . . . .100 10
when Log hoist (side lift) . .20 2 trains) . . . . . . . .300 30 Entrances and
emphasized . . . . .50 5 Primary log deck. . .100 10 Back-lighted passageways
Focal points, Barker in-feed . . . .300 30 advertising cards General . . . . .100 10
large . . . . . . . . . .100 10 Green chain . . . . . . 30026 3026 (rapid transit and Daytime embar-
Focal points, Lumber commuter trains)— kation . . . . .300 30
small . . . . . . . . . .200 20 strapping . . . . .20026 2026 860 cd/m2 (250 fl.) Gymnasiums
Lumber handling average General
Gasoline station areas . . . . . . . . . . .20 2 maximum . . . . .3003 303 lighting . . . .300 30
(see Service stations Lumber loading Reading . . . . . . . . .3003 303 Hospital
in Part II) areas . . . . . . . . . . .50 5 Rest room (inter- Dispensary
Wood chip storage city train) . . . . . .200 20 (general
Loading and unloading piles . . . . . . . . . . . .5 05 Dining area (inter- lighting). . .30016 3016
platforms . . . . . . . .200 20 city train) . . . . . .500 50 Operating roam
Freight car Service station (at grade) Food preparation General
interiors . . . . . . .100 10 Dark surrounding (inter-city train). . . .700 70 lighting . . .50016 5016
Approach . . . . . . .15 15 Lounger (inter-city train) Doctor's
Logging (see also Driveway . . . . . . .15 15 General office. . . . .30016 3016
Sawmills) Pump island lighting . . . . . .200 20 Operating
Yarding . . . . . . . . . . .30 3 area . . . . . . . .200 20 Table games. . . .300 30 table . . . .20000 2000
Log loading and Building faces Sleeping car Wards
unloading . . . . . . .50 5 (exclusive of General General
Log stowing glass) . . . . . .10014 1014 lighting . . . . . .100 10 lighting . . . .100 10
(water) . . . . . . . . . .5 0.5 Service areas . . . 30 . 3 Normal reading. .3003 303 Reading . . . . .300 30
Active log storage Landscape Prolonged Toilets . . . . . .200 20
area (land) . . . . . . .5 0.5 highlights. . . . .20 2 seeing . . . . . .7003 703 Libraries and
Log booming area Light surrounding lounges
(water) — Approach . . . . . . .30 3 Road Conveyances General
foot traffic . . . . . . .10 1 Driveway . . . . . . .50 5 lighting . . . .200 20
Active log handling Pump island
area (water) . . . . .20 2 area . . . . . . . .300 30
Log grading — Building faces
water or land . . . .50 5 (exclusive of
Log bins (land) . . . . .20 2 glass) . . . . . .30014 3014
Lumber yards . . . . . .10 1 Service areas . . . .70 7 T 18
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Area/Activity Foot Area/Activity Foot
Lux Candles Lux Candles
Prolonged stores) . . . . . . .50 5
seeing . . . . . .70016,3 7016,3 Laundries
1
Include provisions for higher levels for exhibitions.
Purser's office . . .20016 2016 General . . . . . .20016 2016 2
Specific limits are provided to minimize deterioration effects.
Shopping areas. . .200 20 Machine and 3
Task subject to veiling reflections. Illuminance listed is not an ESI value.
Smoking rooms . .150 .15 press finishing,
Currently, insufficient experience in the use of ESI target values precludes
Stairs and foyers. .200 20 sorting . . . . .500 50 the direct use of Equivalent Sphere Illumination in the present consensus
Recreation areas Lockers . . . . . . . .50 5 approach to recommend illuminance values. Equivalent Sphere Illumination
Ball rooms . . . . . . . .15015 1515 Offices may be used as a tool in determining the effectiveness of controlling veiling
Cocktail General . . . . . .200 20 reflections and as a part of the evaluation of lighting systems.
lounges . . . . . . . .15015 1515 Reading . . . . . .50016.3 5016.3
Passenger
4
Illuminance values are listed based on experience and consensus. Values
Swimming pools
counter . . . . .5016.3 5016.3
relate to needs during various religious ceremonies.
General . . . . . . . . .15015 1515
Underwater Storerooms . . . . .50 5 5
Degradation factors: Overlays — add 1 weighting factor for each overlay; Used
Outdoors — 600 Telephone material — estimate additional factors.
[60] lamp exchange . . . . .200 20 6
Provide higher level over food service or selection areas.
lumens/square
meter [foot] Operating Areas
7
Supplying illumination as in delivery room must be available.
of surface area Access and 8
Illuminance values developed for various degrees of store area activity.
Indoors —1000 casing . . . . . . . . . .100 10 9
Or not less than 1/3 the level in the adjacent areas.
[100] lamp Battery room . . . . . .100 10
lumens/square Boiler rooms . . . . . .20016 20016
10
Only when actual equipment service is in process. May be achieved by a gener-
meter [foot] of Cargo handling al lighting system or portable equipment.
surface area Control stations 11
For color matching, the spectral quality of the color of the light source is
Theatre (except navigating important.
Auditorium areas) 12
Veiling reflections may be produced on glass surfaces. It may be necessary
General . . . . . .10015 1015 General Control
to treat plus weighting factors as minus in order to obtain proper illumi-
During picture .1 0.1 consoles. . . . .200 20 nance.
Gauge and
Navigating Areas control
13
Especially subject to veiling reflections. It may be necessary to shield the
Chart room boards . . . . . .300 30 task or to re-orient it.
General . . . . . . . . .100 10 Switchboards . . .300 30 14
Vertical.
On chart Engine rooms . . . . .20016 2016 15
Illuminance values may vary widely, depending upon the effect desired, the
table . . . . . . . . .50016,3 5016,3 Generator and
decorative scheme, and the use made of the room.
Gyro room . . . . . .200 20 switchboard
Radar room . . . . .200 20 rooms . . . . . . . . . 20016 2016
16
Supplementary lighting should be provided in this space to produce the
Radio room . . . . .10016 1016 Fan rooms higher levels required for specific seeing tasks involved.
Radio room, (ventilation & air 17
Good to high color rendering capability should be considered in these areas.
passenger conditioning) . . .100 10 As lamps of higher luminous efficacy and higher color rendering capability
Motor rooms . . . . .200 20 become available and economically feasible they should be applied in all
foyer . . . . . . . . .100 10
Motor generator areas of health care facilities.
Ship's offices
rooms (cargo
General . . . . . .20016 2016 18
Variable (dimming or switching).
handling) . . . . . .100 10
On desks Pump room . . . . . .100 10
and work
19
Values based on a 25 per cent reflectance which is average for vegetation
Shaft alley . . . . . . .100 10 and typical outdoor surfaces. These figures must be adjusted to specific
tables . . . . . .50016,3 5016,3 Shaft alley
Wheelhouse . . .100 10
reflectances of materials lighted for equivalent brightnesses. Levels give
escape . . . . . . . . .30 3 satisfactory brightness patterns when viewed from dimly lighted terraces or
Service Areas Steering gear interiors. When viewed from dark areas they may be reduced by at least 1/2,
Food preparation room . . . . . . . . . .200 20 or they may be doubled when a high key is desired.
General . . . . . .20016 2016 Windlass rooms . . .100 10
Butcher shop . .20016 2016 Workshops
20
General lighting should not be less than 1/3 of visual task illuminance nor
Gallery . . . . . . .30016 30016 General . . . . . . . . 30016 3016 less than 200 lux [20 footcandles].
Pantry . . . . . . . .20016 2016 On top of work 21
Industry representatives have established a table of single illuminance val-
Thaw room. . . .20016 2016 bench . . . . . . .5016 5016 ues which in their opinion can be used in preference to employing reference
Sculleries. . . . . . . .20016 2016 Tailor shop . . . . . .50016 5016 6. Illuminance values for specific operations can also be determined using
Food storage (non- Cargo holds illuminance categories of similar tasks and activities found in this table and
refrigerated) . . .100 10 Permanent the application of the appropriate weighting factors in Fig. 56.
Refrigerated luminaires . . .3016 316
Passageways
22
Special lighting such that (1) the luminous area is large enough to cover the
spaces (ship's surface which is being inspected and (2) the luminance is within the limits
and trunks . . .100 10
necessary to obtain comfortable contrast conditions. This involves the use of
sources of large area and relatively low luminance in which the source lumi-
nance is the principal factor rather than the illuminance produced at a given
point.
23
Maximum levels — controlled system.
24
Additional lighting needs to be provided for maintenance only.
25
Color temperature of the light source is important for color matching.
26
Select upper level for high speed conveyor systems. For grading redwood
lumber 3000 lux [300 footcandles] is required.

T 19

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