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    Sensory Receptors

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    Sensory receptors receive stimuli from the environment and transmit them as signals to neurons. The main human senses are photoreception (sight), chemoreception (taste and smell), mechanoreception (hearing and touch), and thermoreception (temperature). Mechanoreceptors in the ear detect sound waves which are transmitted through the auditory nerve. Photoreceptors in the eye sense light which is focused onto the retina and transmitted to the brain. Taste buds and olfactory receptors allow us to detect chemicals for flavor and smell. Pain and temperature are also forms of chemoreception detected by free nerve endings in the skin.

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    Sensory Receptors

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    aboody62621
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    Sensory receptors receive stimuli from the environment and transmit them as signals to neurons. The main human senses are photoreception (sight), chemoreception (taste and smell), mechanoreception (hearing and touch), and thermoreception (temperature). Mechanoreceptors in the ear detect sound waves which are transmitted through the auditory nerve. Photoreceptors in the eye sense light which is focused onto the retina and transmitted to the brain. Taste buds and olfactory receptors allow us to detect chemicals for flavor and smell. Pain and temperature are also forms of chemoreception detected by free nerve endings in the skin.

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    Sensory receptors

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    Sensory receptors receive stimuli from the environment and transmit them as signals to neurons. The main human senses are photoreception (sight), chemoreception (taste and smell), mechanoreception (hearing and touch), and thermoreception (temperature). Mechanoreceptors in the ear detect sound waves which are transmitted through the auditory nerve. Photoreceptors in the eye sense light which is focused onto the retina and transmitted to the brain. Taste buds and olfactory receptors allow us to detect chemicals for flavor and smell. Pain and temperature are also forms of chemoreception detected by free nerve endings in the skin.

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    12 views10 pages

    Sensory Receptors

    Uploaded by

    aboody62621
    Sensory receptors receive stimuli from the environment and transmit them as signals to neurons. The main human senses are photoreception (sight), chemoreception (taste and smell), mechanoreception (hearing and touch), and thermoreception (temperature). Mechanoreceptors in the ear detect sound waves which are transmitted through the auditory nerve. Photoreceptors in the eye sense light which is focused onto the retina and transmitted to the brain. Taste buds and olfactory receptors allow us to detect chemicals for flavor and smell. Pain and temperature are also forms of chemoreception detected by free nerve endings in the skin.

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    ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGY 2

    Lecture 8

    Sensory receptors

    ‫ هوازن أمحد ملفون‬/‫أس تاذ دكتور‬


    )‫أس تاذ عمل الفس يولويج (فس يولويج الغدد الصامء واملناعة‬

    PROF. DR. HAWAZEN AHMAD LAMFON


    Professor of Physiology (Endocrine physiology)

    1
    Sensory receptors

    2
    Sensory receptors:

    • Receptors are found in the sense organs. They receive stimuli from
    the environment and transmit stimuli to neurons.

    • Primary humans senses: photoreception, chemoreception,


    mechanoreception, thermoreception.

    Thermoreception:

    • Free nerve endings in the skin sense changes in temperature


    (differences rather than absolutes).

    • These are directly transmitted through the PNS.

    3
    Mechanoreception:

    • Hearing is a form of mechanoreception.

    • Ears gather sound waves from the environment.

    • The inner ear bones amplify sounds.

    • Sounds are transmitted to the cochlea.

    4
    Sound transmission

    • Within the cochlea, hair cells on the basilar membrane vibrate to


    certain frequencies, and send signals down the auditory nerve.

    • Loud sounds can damage these sensitive hairs permanently.

    5
    Photoreception:

    • Sight is photoreception.

    • Light enters the eye through the cornea and pupil.

    • Light is focused by the lens.

    • Light strikes the retina, and stimulates receptors.

    6
    Photoreceptors:

    • Light breaks pigments in the receptor cells, releasing energy that


    stimulates neurons connecting to the optic nerve.

    • Rod cells detect amount of light, cone cells distinguish colors.

    7
    Chemoreceptioin

    • Taste is one form of chemoreception.

    • Taste buds detect certain ions dissolved in saliva.

    • Tastes: salty, sweet, sour, bitter, “umami.”

    8
    Chemoreception:

    • Smell is another form of chemoreception.

    • Receptors in the olfactory patch in the human nose can


    distinguish between about 1000 different chemicals in the air.

    9
    ”Flavor“

    • What we sense as the “flavor” of food is not taste alone. Smell and
    taste together create the sensation of “flavor.”

    • This is why things don’t “taste” good when we have a cold; we lose
    the sense of “flavor.”
    Chemoreception

    * The sense of pain is another form of chemoreception. •

    * Injured tissues release chemicals as a response. These chemicals


    stimulate free nerve endings in the skin and the stimulation is perceived
    as pain

    11

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