Chapter 1

9/7/2023 1

Nguyen Huu Loc

Assoc. Prof. Nguyen Huu Loc
Ph.D in 1992 from BSTU
Assoc. Prof. in 2006
Dean of Faculty of Mechanical Engineering
Department of Machine Design
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1.1 Introduction

Syllabus
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PGS.TS Nguyễn Hữu Lộc
Textbook and References
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Chapter 1 Introduction
Contents of chapter:
1. Introduction
2. Types of simple machines
3. Components of the complex machines
4. Machine elements
5. Examples
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1. Introduction
Learning Outcomes
• Explain the links between engineering theory

and practice (LƠ7.1)
• Identify the stages of team formation (LƠ8.1)
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1. Introduction
• A machine element is a part of a machine that cannot be
disassembled any more. For example, keys, bolts, nuts,
gears, bearings....
• A machine is one or more mechanical devices and parts that

transform, or use energy, to perform useful work for the
purpose of improving productivity and replacing human
physical and mental labor.
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1. Introduction
Main course content:

- Study the working principle, geometrical parameters,
kinematics calculation, structure, type and design calculation
according to the criteria of working ability of machine elements
and machines.
- Study the basis of the common working principle between the

machine elements and calculate them.
- Develop design skills and technical creativity.
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1.1 Introduction
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1.2 Types of simple machines elements
Types of machines
Machines come in two kinds — Simple and Complex Machines.
1. Simple Machines
A simple machine is a tool, device, or object with few moving parts that
help us do work. Simple machines have been in use for a very long time.
Early humans used simple machines to push, pull, lift, divide, and crush
things. They used simple machines to row rafts over water, build houses,
split firewood, and carry heavy items from place to place. Today, there
are simple machines everywhere and all around us. There are six types
of simple machines — the inclined plane, the wedge, the screw, the
lever, the wheel and axle, and the pulley.
2. Complex Machines
Simple machines are different from complex (or compound machines).
Complex machines, like trucks or wagons, or bicycles, use many moving
parts, CNC machine, cars... They combine many simple machines such
as levers, pulleys, and gears to get work done.
Now, we shall look at each example of a simple machine.
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An inclined plane is a simple machine with no moving parts.
It is simply an even sloping surface. It makes it easier for us
to move objects to higher or lower surfaces than if we lifted
the objects directly upwards. It is believed that ancient
Egyptians used inclined planes to carry heavy stones to build
pyramids.
https://eschooltoday.com/learn/the-wedge-ramp/
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A wedge is
simply a
triangular tool,
often made of
metal, wood,
stone, or plastic.
It is thick on one
end and tapers to
a thin or sharp
edge on the other
end.
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What is a Screw?
A screw is simply an inclined plane around a cylinder. To
describe this better, you can view it as a cylinder with a head
(solid top) at one end and a pointed tip (like a nail) at the other
end. More importantly, it has ridges winding around it. The
correct term for the ridges (or grooves) around the shaft or
cylinder is the thread.
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What is a Lever?
A lever is simply a plank or ridged beam that is free to rotate on a
pivot. It is perfect for lifting or moving heavy things. It is a useful
simple machine, and you can find them everywhere. Good
examples of levers include the seesaw, crowbar, fishing-line,
oars, wheelbarrows, and the garden shovel.
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What is a Wheel and Axle?
This simple machine involves two circular objects — a
larger disc and a smaller cylinder both joined at the center.
The larger disc is called the wheel. The smaller cylindrical
object or rod is referred to as the axle. Sometimes, there
may be two wheels attached to both ends of the axle. A
wheel alone or an axle alone is not a simple machine. They
need to be joined to be called a simple machine.
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What is a pulley?
Have you seen your university or school flag hoisted? That is
possible with a simple pulley. When you pull down on the rope,
the pulley at the top of the pole turns, and the flag goes
up. Pulleys change the direction of the force.
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Important Simple Machine terms Power (W)
Lever Power is the rate at which Work is
A solid bar that rotates around a pivot done. Power is measured in Watt.
and makes it easier to lift a load, move Power = Work / Time
a heavy object, or apply a force. Mechanical Advantage (MA)
Force (N) Simple machines do not work on
A force is a push or a pull. The unit of their own. Someone has to apply
Force is called the Newton. Force (F) = the input force to make it do work.
Mass x Acceleration. MA is the ratio between the input
Work - the joule (J). The movement of force and the output force. A
an object resulting from a force applied Mechanical Advantage is produced
to it. Movement is usually in the when a simple machine amplifies a
direction of the force. To calculate Work small input force to produce a
done, multiply Force (F) by Distance greater output force.
(D). W=FxD
Input Force
The effort or force you put into a
machine.
Output Force Rotation Point
The9/7/2023
force the machine produces as a The axis or center that a wheel17or
result of the input force. disc spins.
1.3 Components of the complex machines
Stirring machine
Generator
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Driver
Driven
Machine
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Engineering Tutorials
Working Principle of Lathe Machine
Working Principle (Diagram) of Lathe Machine
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Drive system for thread lathe: 1-

Workpiece; 2 – Knife table; 3 – Lead
screw drive; M – Motor - Engine;
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PGS.TS Nguyễn Hữu Lộc Old machine CNC Machine
1.3 Components of the machines
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Structure of CNC
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Each group gives different machine examples,

from simple to complex with full three (or four
basic components (10min).
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1.4 Machine Elements
Machine elements include:

- Mechanical power transmission: gears, worm,
power screw, belts, chains…
- Supporting details: roller bearings, sliding
bearings, shafts and axles, couplings and
clutches...
- Joint details: screw joints, key and splines,
welded joint, interference fit joints...
- Other details: springs, lubrication system.
machine frame and housing, linear bearing
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1. Gear drive
Generation of involute
profiles
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Straight spur Helical spur gear Bevel gear
Herringbone
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PGS.TS Nguyễn Hữu Lộc Planetary Worm – Worm gear
Load distribution
along the gear
width
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Heat treatment of
gear surface
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3 stage bevel –
helical reducer
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Gear Drive-Infeed Rollers Pete Robinson's cam gear drive for Ford 427
SOHC V-8
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PGS.TS Nguyễn Hữu Lộc Applications of gear drive
Worm drive Globoid
Wormgear
Worm
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Helical - worm
Reducer – motor
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Chain drive
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1981 Harley Davidson Fhl

Custom Motorcycle Belt Drive
Timing Belt – Đai răng
9/7/2023 Timing Belt Drive 36

PGS.TS Nguyễn Hữu Lộc(Synchronous-belt drive)
Bearing
Bi Trụ
Theo hướng tải trọng
ổ đỡ, đỡ chặn, chặn
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Nut
Srcew
joint
Screw
screw centerline
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1.5 Applications
Electric Pulling Winch
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1.5 Applications
Pulling Winch
Bánh cóc 1
chiều
Gear drive
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1.5 Applications
Conveyor
Conveyor
Conveyor
Loads chain
Loading screw
Roller Conveyor
Vibrating Conveyor
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1.5 Applications
Conveyor
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1.5 Applications
Loads chain
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1.5 Applications
Vibrating Conveyor
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1.5 Applications
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1.5 Applications
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1.5 Applications
Asimo robot
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1.5 Applications
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1.5 Applications
The car can fly, swim and dive
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1.5 Applications
The flying car has taken off
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1.5 Applications Printing Machinery
Fibre Processing
Carpet Machinery Used Clothing Equipment
Dyeing Machinery Weaving
Finishing Yarns & Thread Processin
Garment/Quilting
Knitting
Narrow Fabrics
Nonwovens
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1.5 Applications
Textile machine
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1.5 Applications
Milling CNC Machine
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9/7/2023 1

Nguyen Huu Loc

• Explain the links between engineering theory

• A machine is one or more mechanical devices and parts that

Main course content:

- Study the basis of the common working principle between the

- Develop design skills and technical creativity.

Working Principle (Diagram) of Lathe Machine

Drive system for thread lathe: 1-

Each group gives different machine examples,

Machine elements include:

Straight spur Helical spur gear Bevel gear

Worm drive Globoid

1981 Harley Davidson Fhl

9/7/2023 Timing Belt Drive 36

Theo hướng tải trọng

ổ đỡ, đỡ chặn, chặn

Electric Pulling Winch

The car can fly, swim and dive

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