IM Machine Shorthand

Republic of the Philippines

CAMARINES SUR POLYTECHNIC

COLLEGES
Nabua, Camarines Sur
College of Management and

Entrepreneurship
Bachelor of Science in Office Administration
Basic Steno Machine Key Groups

The keyboard of a steno machine is divided into a number of major groupings, shown in
the illustration below. The top image is a view of the keyboard from above and to the front of the
machine, and the bottom image is a view of the keys from the side.
The four vowel keys are slightly lower than the rest of the keys, to accommodate the
natural position of the thumbs, which rest on them.
Here is the meaning of each key on a shorthand machine:
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Y
ou may be thinking that there aren't enough letters on the keyboard to write down everything
that is being said. The keys are pressed down in groups to create different sounds. The court
reporter writes all words in a phonetic pattern. For instance, if the court reporter were to press
down this combination all at once -- TPEURB -- it would spell fish. The TP is the "f" sound.
The EU is the short "i" sound. The RB is the "sh" sound.
Chords
This is a basic chart of the letters of this machine. There are, however, different writing
theories that represent some letters or sounds differently (e.g., the "*F" for "final V" in the chart
below), and each court reporter develops personalized "briefs" and alternate ways of writing
things.
English Letter Stenotype Letter Example Comments
STKPWHRAO*EUFRPBLGTSD
Z
Initial B PW cell
Initial C (Soft) KR Use for soft c only
Initial CH KH
Initial D TK
Initial F TP
Initial G TKPW call
Initial H H
Initial J SKWR
Initial K K Includes hard c
Initial L HR are, our,

hour
Initial M PH is, his
Initial N TPH
Initial P P
Initial QU KW
Initial R R
Initial S S
Initial T T
Initial V SR
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Initial W W you Use only for words

that end with ds
Initial Y KWR
Initial Z S*
Final B B
Final CH FP friends
Final D D
Final DZ DZ
Final F F
Final G G
Final J PBLG
Final K BG
Final L L
Final M PL
Final MP FRP
Final N PB
Final NG PB G
Final NJ PB G
Final NK * PB G
Final P P
Final R R
Final RCH FRPB
Final RF FR B
Final RVE FR B
Final S S
Final SH RB
Final T T
Final V *F
Final X BGS
Final Z Z
Final SHUN GS
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*BGS
RBGS
PF
FPLT
ST P H
AU
EU
AO EU
O EU
AO
OU
Final STAT
P: Comma
P: Correction
(Asterisk)
P: Paragraph
P: Period (.)
P: Question
Mark
Vowel A
Vowel A (Long) A
EUVowel Aw
Vowel E
Vowel E (Long) AO
EVowel I
Vowel I (Long)
Vowel O
Vowel O (Long) O
EVowel OI
Vowel OO
Vowel OU
Vowel U
Vowel U (Long) AO U
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Examples
The following example shows how steno paper coming out of the machine represents an
English sentence. Notice that key combinations can have different meanings depending on
context. In the first stroke of the word "example," the "PL" combination refers to the letter M. In
the second stroke of the word, that same key combination refers to the letters P and L.
The initial Z is also commonly chorded by the entire initial bank, STKPWHR, in order to avoid
thousands of potential conflicts.
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Beginning Steno
Read the notes straight across and down, and pronounce by sound. Can you imagine anything
simpler?
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Advanced Steno
Read the notes straight across and down. Steno outlines are unique to each
reporter. In addition to the spoken word the reporter writes steno outlines to identify
speakers; punctuate; insert parenthetical phrases, "notes to self," cues for computer
translation. Some reporters invent new steno outlines "on the fly" as needed.
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ABBREVIATIONS AND DERIVATIVES

In Order of presentation in Lessons
1. Is S
2. Saturday SAT
3. Take TA
4. The T
5. Takes TAS
6. Are R
7. Tuesday TUS
8. Advertise TIS
9. An A
10. Street ST
11. In N
12. Any NI
13. Tonight NIT
14. Always ALS
15. Purchase PUR
16. Superintendent SUPT
17. Purchases PURS
18. Superintendents SUPTS
19. April AP
20. On O
21. Open OP
22. Important, importance POR
23. Will L
24. Already LR
25. And AN
26. Stand STAN
27. Sunday SUN
28. Opinion PIN
29. Upon PON
30. Principal, principle PRIN

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31. Principally PRIN/I
32. Principals, principles PRINS
33. Gentlemen JE
34. He E
35. September SEPT
36. Satisfy, satisfactory, satisfaction SAE
37. Advertises TIS/ES
38. Purchaser PUR/ER
39. Satisfactorily SAE/LI
40. Saltines SAES
41. Unsatisfactory UN/SAE
42. Can K
43. Could KO
44. Ask SK
45. January JAN
46. July JUL
47. Asks SKS
48. Accept SEP
49. Necessary NES
50. October OK
51. Acceptance SEP/ANS

52. Accompanies A/KOES
53. Accompany A/KOE
54. Company KOE
55. Companies KOES
56. Necessarily NES/LI
57. Unnecessary UN/NES
58. Did D
59. Today TOD
60. December DES
61. Of F
62. Dissatisfaction DIS/SAE
63. Why Y
64. Account KT
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65. Reply PLI
66. Accountant K-T/ANT
67. Accounts K-TS
68. Replies PLIS
69. Use YUS
70. Another AOT
71. Particular TIK

72. Particularly TIK/LI
73. Particulars TIKS
74. Useless YUS/LES
75. Uses YUS/ES
76. Percent PERS
77. With W
78. Would WO
79. Am, Many M
80. Some SOM
81. Anyone NI/WON
82. Anyway NI/WA
83. Someday SOE/DA
84. Sometime SOE/TIM
85. Tiresome TIR/SOE
86. Within WIN
87. August AUG
88. File FI
89. Go, gone G
90. If F
91. Suggest, suggestion SUG
92. Accepting SEPG
93. Accompanying A/KOEG
94. Accounting K-T/-G
95. Advertising TIS
96. Ago AG
97. Asking SK G
98. Files FIS

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99. Filling FIG
100. Forego FORG
101. Goes GS
102. Going -G/-G
103. Opening OPG
104. Opening OPGS
105. Purchasing PURG
106. Replying PLIG
107. Satisfying SAEG
108. Standing STANG
109. Suggesting SUG/-G
110. Suggestions, Suggests SUGS
111. Taking TAG
112. Useful YUS/FUL
113. Using YUS/-G
114. Willing -LG
115. Consider K –R
116. Correspond KOK
117. Enclose KLO
118. Friday FRI

119. From FR
120. Considerate K –R/AT
121. Considering K –RG
122. Considers K –RS
123. Correspondence KOR/ENS
124. Correspondent KOR/ENT
125. Corresponding KORG
126. Corresponds KORS
127. Encloses KLOS
128. Enclosing KLOG
129. Enclosure KLOUR
130. Enclosures KLOURS
131. Outstanding OUT/STANG
132. About B
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133. Help HE
134. Inform, information FOER
135. Think THI
136. Anyhow NI/HOU
137. Considerably K –R/BLI
138. Helper HER

139. Helpful HE/FUL
140. Helping HEG
141. Helpless HE/LES
142. Helps HES
143. Informal FOER/AL
144. Informing FOERG
145. Informs FOERS
146. Somehow SOE/HOU
147. Thinking THIG
148. Thinks THIS
149. Wholesome HOL/SOE
150. Had H
151. Order OD
152. There, Their THR
153. Accepted SEPD
154. Accompanied A/KOED
155. Accounted K –T/-D
156. Advertised TIS/-D
157. Asked SKD
158. Considered K –PD
159. Disorder DIS/OD
160. Dissatisfied DIS/SAED
161. Enclosed KLOD
162. Filed FID
163. Helped HED
164. Inform FOERD
165. Opened OPD

166. Ordered OD/-D
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167. Ordering OD/-G
168. Orderly OD/LI
169. Orders ODS
170. Purchased PURD
171. Replied PLID
172. Satisfied SAED
173. Suggested SUGD
174. Theirs THRS
175. Thereafter THRAF/TER
176. Thereby THR/BI
177. Used YUS/-D
178. Wednesday WED
179. Where WR
180. Which WI
181. Write WRI
182. Wrote WRO
183. Anywhere NI/WR
184. Nowhere RE/WRI
185. Rewrite RE/WRI

186. Somewhere SOE/WR
187. Whereby WR/BI
188. Writer WRIR
189. Writers WRIRS
190. Writes WRIS
191. Writing WRIG
192. Be B
193. Been -B
194. February FEB
195. Month MO
196. Mr. MR
197. Mrs. MRS
198. Remember REB
199. They THE
200. Being BG
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201. Beings BGS
202. Considerable K –RBL
203. Mistake MIS/TA
204. Mistaken MIS/TAN
205. Mistakes MIS/TAS

206. Monthly MO/LI
207. Months MOS
208. Remembering REBG
209. Remembers REBS
210. Remembrance REB/ANS
211. Manufacture M –FR
212. Manufactured M –FRD
213. Manufacturer M FR/ER
214. Manufacturers M –FR/ERS
215. Manufacturing M –FRG
216. Many M
217. March MAR
218. Merchandise M –DS
219. Minute MIN
220. Minutes MINS
221. Monday MON
222. Month MO
223. Monthly MO/LI
224. Months MOS
225. Mr. MR
226. Mrs. MRS
227. Much -CH
228. Necessary NES
229. Necessarily NES/LI
230. Unnecessarily UN/NES/LI
231. Unnecessary UN/NES
232. November NOV

233. Number NUM
234. Numbered NUMB
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235. Numbering NUMG
236. Numbers NUMS
237. October OK
238. Of F
239. On O
240. Open OP
241. Opened OPD
242. Opening OPG
243. Openings OPGS
244. Openly OP/LI
245. Opens OPS
246. Opinion PIN
247. Opinions PINS
248. Opportunity TUNT
249. Opportunities TUNTS
250. Order OD
251. Disorder DIS/OD
252. Ordered OD/-D

253. Ordering OD/-G
254. Orderly OD/LI
255. Orders ODS
256. Organize ORG
257. Organization ORG/AGS
258. Organized ORGD
259. Organizes ORGS
260. Reorganization RE/ORG/AGS
261. Reorganize RE/ORG
262. Particular TIK
263. Particularly TIK/LI
264. Particulars TIKS
265. Percent PERS
266. Percentage PERS/AJ
267. Possible POBL
268. Impossible IM/POBL
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269. Impossibility IM/POBLT
270. Possibilities POBLTS
271. Possibility POBLT
272. Possibly POBL/I

273. Practical PRAK
274. Practically PRAK/I
275. Principal PRIN
276. Principally PRIN/I
277. Principals PRINS
278. Principle PRIN
279. Principles PRINS
280. Purchase PUR
281. Purchased PURD
282. Purchaser PUR/ER
283. Purchases PURS
284. Purchasing PURG
285. Question KWE
286. Questionable KWEBL
287. Questioned KWED
288. Questioning KWEG
289. Questionnaire KWE/AIR
290. Questions KWES
291. Receive SEV
292. Received SEVD
293. Receiver SEVR
294. Receives SEVS
295. Receiving SEVG
296. Recommend REM
297. Recommendation REM/AGS
298. Recommendations REM/AGS/-S
299. Recommended REMD

300. Recommending REMG
301. Recommends REMS
302. Regular REG
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303. Irregular IR/REG
304. Irregularity IR/REGT
305. Regularly REG/LI
306. Remember REB
307. Remembered REBD
308. Remembering REBG
309. Remembers REBS
310. Remembrance REB/ANS
311. Remittance REMT
312. Remittances REMTS
313. Reply PLI
314. Replied PLID
315. Replies PLIS
316. Replying PLIG
317. Represent REPT
318. Misrepresentation MIS/REPT/AGS
319. Representation REPT/AGS

320. Representative REPT/TIV
321. Representatives REPT/TIVS
322. Represented REPT/-D
323. Represents REPTS
324. Request KW
325. Requested KWD
326. Request KWS
327. Satisfaction SAE
328. Dissatisfaction DIS/SAE
329. Satisfactory SAE
330. Satisfactorily SAE/LI
331. Unsatisfactory UN/SAE
332. Satisfy SAE
333. Dissatisfied DIS/SAED
334. Satisfied SAED
335. Satisfies SAES
336. Satisfying SAEG
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337. Saturday SAT
338. Second SEK
339. Secondary SEK/RI

340. Seconded SEKD
341. Secondly SEK/LI
342. Seconds SEKS
343. Secretary SEK
344. Secretaries SEKS
345. September SEPT
346. Shipment SHIMT
347. Shipments SHIMTS
348. Some SOE
349. Somebody SOEB
350. Someday SOE/DA
351. Somehow SOE/HOU
352. Someone SOE/WON
353. Something SOEG
354. Sometime SOE/TIM
355. Sometimes SOE/TIMS
356. Somewhere SOE/WR
357. Tiresome TIR/SOE
358. Wholesome HOL/SOE
359. Stand STAN
360. Outstanding OUT/STANG
361. Standing STANG
362. Stands STANS
363. Standstill STAN/STIL
364. Statement STAMT
365. Statements STAMTS
366. Street ST
367. Streets STS
368. Suggest SUG
369. Suggested SUGD
370. Suggesting SUG/-G
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371. Suggests SUGS
372. Suggestion SUG
373. Suggestions SUGS
374. Sunday SUN
375. Superintendent SUPT
376. Superintendents SUPTS
377. Take TA
378. Mistake MIS/TA
379. Mistaken MIS/TAN
380. Mistakes MIS/TAS
381. Taken TAN
382. Takes TAS
383. Taking TAG
384. Thank THA
385. Thanked THAD
386. Thankful THA/FUL

387. Thanking THAG
388. Thanks THAS
389. That THA
390. The T or –T
391. Their THR
392. Theirs THRS
393. There THR
394. Thereafter THRAF/TER
395. Thereby THR/BI
396. Therefore THR FR
397. They THE
398. Think THI
399. Thinking THIG
400. Thinks THIS
401. This TH
402. Thursday THURS
403. Today DA
404. Together TOG
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405. Tomorrow TOM
406. Tonight NIT

407. Tuesday TUS
408. Under UND
409. Undergo UND/-G
410. Undergone UND/-G
411. Underneath UND/NET
412. Understand UND/STAN
413. Understanding UND/STAN/-G
414. Understood UND/STOOD
415. Upon PON
416. Use YUS
417. Used YUS/-D
418. Useful YUS/FUL
419. Useless YUS/LES
420. Uses YUS/ES
421. Using YUS/G
422. Usual USH
423. Unusual UN/USH
424. Unusually UN/USH/I
425. Usually USH/I
426. Very V
427. Wednesday WED
428. Where WR
429. Nowhere NO/WR
430. Whereby WR/BI
431. Wherever WR –VR
432. Whether WH
433. Which WI
434. Whichever WIVR
435. Why Y
436. Will L or –L
437. Willing -LG
438. With W
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439. Within WIN
440. Would WO
441. Write WRI
442. Rewrite RE/WRI
443. Writer WRIR
444. Writers WRIRS
445. Writes WRIS
446. Writing WRIG
447. Wrote WRO
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PHRASES
1. Is the ST
2. Is a SA
3. Are you RU
4. You are UR
5. In the NT
6. In you N UR
7. To the TOT
8. To tour TOUR
9. To you TOU
10. To us TOUS
11. On the OT
12. On your OUR
13. Will you LU
14. I will IL
15. Will your LUR
16. You will UL
17. Respectfully yours RURS
18. Sincerely yours SURS
19. Can I KI
20. You can UK
21. Could I KOI
22. Can he KE
23. Could you KOU
24. He can EK
25. Can you KU

26. I Can IK
27. Could he KOE
28. Dear Sir DS
29. Yours Truly YT
30. Yours Sincerely YS
31. Did I DI
32. Did it DIT
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33. Did the DT
34. Did he DE
35. Do you DOU
36. Did you DU
37. Of the FT
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24

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Republic of the Philippines

CAMARINES SUR POLYTECHNIC

College of Management and

Basic Steno Machine Key Groups

Here is the meaning of each key on a shorthand machine:

College of Management and

Initial C (Soft) KR Use for soft c only

Initial G TKPW call

Initial K K Includes hard c

Initial L HR are, our,

College of Management and

Initial W W you Use only for words

Final RCH FRPB

College of Management and

College of Management and

College of Management and

College of Management and

Republic of the Philippines

College of Management and

College of Management and

ABBREVIATIONS AND DERIVATIVES

13. Tonight NIT

14. Always ALS

15. Purchase PUR

16. Superintendent SUPT

17. Purchases PURS

18. Superintendents SUPTS

22. Important, importance POR

26. Stand STAN

27. Sunday SUN

28. Opinion PIN

29. Upon PON

30. Principal, principle PRIN

College of Management and

31. Principally PRIN/I

32. Principals, principles PRINS

35. September SEPT

36. Satisfy, satisfactory, satisfaction SAE

37. Advertises TIS/ES

38. Purchaser PUR/ER

39. Satisfactorily SAE/LI

40. Saltines SAES

41. Unsatisfactory UN/SAE

45. January JAN

46. July JUL

47. Asks SKS

48. Accept SEP

49. Necessary NES

51. Acceptance SEP/ANS

53. Accompany A/KOE

54. Company KOE

55. Companies KOES

56. Necessarily NES/LI

57. Unnecessary UN/NES

59. Today TOD

60. December DES

62. Dissatisfaction DIS/SAE

College of Management and

65. Reply PLI