London Metropolitan University
Harvard Referencing Quick Guide September 2023*
Harvard referencing can vary in format. This guide provides examples based on the
style in the book Cite Them Right. Check with your tutor and/or module handbook for
further guidance on the referencing requirements for your assignments. Remember
to add page number(s) to your in-text citation when you have a direct quote
necessary (see full Harvard guide).
*Includes examples of referencing artificial intelligence (AI) text and images.
Type Reference example In-text citation
example
Book or ebook McCabe, J. (2004) Feminist film studies: (McCabe, 2004).
(with one author) writing the woman into cinema. London: If, you have a
Wallflower. direct quote
(McCabe, 2004,
p. 51).
Source with one, Knight, A, O’Connell, R. and Brannen, J. (Knight,
two (2018) ‘Eating with friends, family or not O’Connell and
to three authors at all: young people’s experiences of Brannen, 2018).
food poverty in the UK’, Children and
Society, 32, p. 185-194. doi:
10.1111/chso.12264.
Source with four Carrabine, E., Cox, A., Cox, P., (Carrabine et al.,
or more authors Crowhurst, I., Di Ronco, A., Fussey, P., 2020).
Sergi, A., South, N., Thiel, D. and
Turton, J. (2020) Criminology: a
sociological introduction. 4th edn. New
York: Routledge.
Edited book Harrison, M. and Sanders, T. (eds.) (Harrison and
(2014) Social policies and social control: Sanders, 2014).
new perspectives on the ‘not-so-big
society’. Bristol: Policy Press.
Book with Stuart-Hamilton, I. (2012) The (Stuart-Hamilton,
later edition psychology of ageing: an introduction. 2021).
5th edn. London: Jessica Kingsley.
Book chapter Isaacs, S. (2014) ‘Poverty’, in Isaacs, S., (Isaacs, 2014).
Blundell, D., Foley, A., Ginsberg, N.,
McDonough, B., Silverstone, D. and
Young, T. (eds.), Social problems in the
UK. New York: Routledge, pp.46-69.
1
Type Reference example In-text citation
example
Translated book Barthes, R. (1994) The semiotic (Barthes, 1994).
challenge. Translated from the French
by R. Howard. Berkeley: University of
California Press.
Academic Jenkins, K., Benton, D., Tapper, K., (Jenkins et al.,
Journal article Murphy, S. and Moore, L. (2015) ‘A 2015)
cross-sectional observational study of
the nutritional intake of UK primary
school children from deprived and non-
deprived backgrounds: implications for
school breakfast schemes’, International
Journal of Behaviour, Nutrition and
Add the doi Physical Activity, 12(1), pp. 86-95.
where available doi:10.1186/s12966-015-0238-9.
Newspaper or Coaston, J. (2019) ‘The intersectionality (Coaston, 2019).
Magazine article wars’, The Vox, 28 May. Available at:
https://www.vox.com/the-
highlight/2019/5/20/18542843/intersecti
onality-conservatism-law-race-gender-
discrimination (Accessed: 21 November
2021).
Guidelines from NICE (2017) Endometriosis: diagnosis (NICE, 2017).
health, and management. NG73. Available at:
government https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng73.
departments and (Accessed: 27 November 2021).
organisations
Artificial These references are subject to
Intelligence - change (see library video on AI,
Generative AI: Plagiarism and Referencing).
ChatGPT, Bard, OpenAI (2023) ChatGPT output on (OpenAI, 2023).
Bing Chat, LaMA sociological imagination to John Smith,
(information not 28 April.
available publicly)
Images:
Stable Diffusion, Midjourney Inc. (2023) Generated image (Midjourney Inc.,
Midjourney, and on cats in the library to John Smith, 14 2023)
DALL-E (image August.
not publicly
available)
Keep a printed copy of your texts
Highly responses and any images created.
recommended: You might need to prove use of this
items.
2
Type Reference example In-text citation
example
Online thesis or Allison, H. (2016) ‘But you’ve done well, (Allison, 2016).
Dissertation haven’t you’?: an exploration of the
educational and social experiences of
lone parent students in higher
education. Doctoral thesis. London
Metropolitan University. Available at:
http://repository.londonmet.ac.uk/1250/
(Accessed: 11 August 2020).
Market Research Mintel Group (2021) Fashion and (Mintel, 2021).
sustainability-UK. Available at: https://0-
reports-mintel-
com.emu.londonmet.ac.uk/display/1097
503/?highlight#hit1 (Accessed: 22
September 2021).
Company or Bureau van Dijk (2021) Greggs Plc (Bureau van Dijk,
country report company report. Available at: 2021).
from a database https://fame.bvdinfo.com/version-
2021825/fame/1/Companies/Report
(Accessed: 22 September 2021).
Online lecture, Stepp, K. (2013) HR and the workplace (Stepp, 2013)
presentation, or of the future [Presentation]. Available at:
webinar http://www.slideshare.net/thetalentproje
ct/hr-the-workplace-of-the-future
(Accessed: 25 November 2021)
Published report Joseph Rowntree Foundation (2021) UK (Joseph
from poverty 2020/21: The leading Rowntree
a reputable independent report. Available at: Foundation,
website https://www.jrf.org.uk/report/uk-poverty- 2021).
2020-21 (Accessed: 10 October 2021).
Online Department for Education (2020) (Department for
Government/ Progress report on the Apprenticeships Education, 2020).
Department/local Reform Programme. Available at:
authority https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/
publication government/uploads/system/uploads/att
achment_data/file/883065/Progress_rep
ort_on_the_apprenticeships_reform_pro
gramme_2020.pdf (Accessed: 13
August 2020).
3
Type Reference example In-text citation
example
Act of Parliament Children and Families Act 2014, c. 6. (Children and
Available at: Families Act
https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/20 2014).
14/6/contents
(Accessed: 10 October 2021).
Images These references are subject to
generated by change
Artificial
Intelligence – Midjourney Inc. (2023) Generated image
Generative AI: on cats in the library to John Smith, 14 (Midjourney Inc.,
Images August. 2023)
Stable Diffusion,
Midjourney, and
DALL-E (image
not publicly
available)
Check with lecturer regarding
Highly acceptability. Keep a printed copy of
recommended: your texts responses and any images
created. You might need to prove use
of this items
Book illustration/ Secker, J. and Coonan, E. (eds.) (2013) Secker and
diagram/logo/ Rethinking information literacy: a Coonan,
table/graph/figure practical framework for supporting 2013, p. xxii).
learning. London: Facet publishing. p.
xxii, fig.1.
Online Day, L. (1965) Nova 3. [Textile]. (Day, 1965).
illustration/ Available at:
diagram/logo/ https://www.vads.ac.uk/digital/collection/
table/graph/figure DCSC/id/3970/rec/1 (Accessed: 23
August 2021)
Medical image The vasculature of the brain (2017). (The vasculature
e.g. Available at: of the brain,
Visible Body https://ovid.visiblebody.com/atlas_17/ 2017).
(Accessed: 6 October 2017).
Blog Buck, D. (2020) ‘Obesity: time for (Buck, 2020).
action’, The King’s Fund blog, 14 July.
Available at:
https://www.kingsfund.org.uk/blog/2020/
07/obesity-time-action (Accessed: 12
August 2020).
4
Type Reference example In-text citation
example
Social Media: Islington Council (2020) [Facebook]. 20 (Islington Council,
Facebook April. Available at: 2020)
https://www.facebook.com/IslingtonBC/p
hotos/a.1741917769194054/330150402
6568746 (Accessed: 12 August 2020).
Twitter Obama, B. (2014) Earning the minimum (Obama, 2014).
wage while raising a family shouldn't
mean living in poverty. It's time to
#RaiseTheWage: http://ofa.bo/a0dR
[Twitter]. 15 August. Available at:
http://twitter.com/BarackObama
(Accessed: 13 August 2021).
Instagram bobandrobertasmith (2021) City (boband
Hobgoblin Reading Top Rank 1981: The robertasmith.
Fall 2021)
Available at:
https://www.instagram.com/bobandrober
tasmith/ (Accessed: 25 November
2021).
Obama, M. (2020) The Michelle Obama (Obama, 2020),
Podcast podcast: What your mother never told
you about health with Dr. Sharon
Malone [Podcast]. 12 August. Available
at: Spotify (Accessed: 13 August 2020).
Film/movie Citizen Kane (1941) Directed by Orson (Citizen Kane,
DVD/ Blu-ray Welles. [Blu-ray, 1000619673] 1941).
Reissued. Burbank, Calif: Warner Bros.,
2016.
Streaming Matrix (1999) Directed by A. Wachowski (Matrix, 1999).
services and L. Wachowski. Available at:
YouTube Movies (Accessed: 8 August
2020).
YouTube, IGTV, The Khan Academy (2009) Introduction (The Khan
Video on the to the atom. 25 August. Available at: Academy, 2009)
internet http://youtu.be/1xSQlwWGT8MB
(Accessed: 17 August 2020).
5
Secondary Referencing, Secondary citing or one author citing another.
DO NOT put the authors cited in the article, book or source you are reading, into
your work if you have not read the original text.
You must:
find the original to read yourself
or
find someone else who has made the same point and cite them
As a last resort, you could use cited in, if paraphrased, or quoted in, if it is a direct
quote from the text. You must put a page number for a quote or paraphrase.
