Kingdom: Plantae

Subkingdom: Tracheobionta

Superdivision: Spermatophyta

Division: Magnoliophyta

Class: Magnoliopsida

Order: Myrtales

Family: Myrtaceae

Genus: Psidium L.

Species:

Psidium

guajava L.

COMMON NAME: Bayabas

SCIENTIFIC NAME: Psidium guajava Linn.

SYNONYMS/ OTHER SCIENTIFIC NAME:
Guajava pumila (Vahl.) Kuntze
Guajava pyrifera (L.) Kuntze
Myrtus guajava (L.) Kuntze
Psidium angustifolium Lam.
Psidium aromaticum Blanco
Psidium cujavillus Burm.f.
Psidium cujavus L
Psidium fragrans Macfad.
Psidium guajava Griseb.
Psidium igatemyensis Barb. Rodr.
Psidium intermedium Zipp. ex Blume
Psidium pomiferum Linn.
Psidium prostatum [Link]
Psidium pumilum Vahl
Psidium pyriferum Linn.
Psidium sapidissimum Jacq.
Psidium vulgare Rich.
Syzygium ellipticum [Link]. & Lauterb.

OTHER COMMON NAME:

Bagabas (Ig.)
Bayabas (Ilk., Tag.)
Bayabo (Ibn.)
Bayauas (Bik., Pang.)
Bayawas (Bik.)
Biabas (Sul.)
Gaiyabat (If.)
Gaiyabit (If.)
Geyabas (Bon.)
Guayabas (Tag.)
Guyabas(Ilk., Tag.)
Kalimbahin (Tag.)
Tayabas (Tag.)
Guava (Engl.)
Round guava (Engl.)
Tropical guava (Engl.)

MORPHOLOGY:
 ROOTS
It has a shallow root system.

 LEAVES
Leaves are opposite, oblong to elliptic, and 5 to 1 centimeters long,
the apex being pointed, and the base usually rounded.

 FLOWERS
Flowers are white, 3 to 3.5 centimeters across, with in-curved
petals, coming out solitary or two to three in the leaf axils.

 STEM/BARK
The trunk is slender, 20 cm in diameter, covered with a smooth
green to red brown bark that peels off in thin flakes.

 FRUIT
Inferior ovaries develop into round or obovoid green fruits 4 to 9
centimeters long, turning yellow on ripening and have edible,
aromatic, seedy pulp.

 SEEDS
The fruit contains a variable number of seeds (about 3-5 mm long).
CULTIVATION:
Cultivation of guava is relatively easy as it thrives in a variety of
soils and adapts to different climatic conditions; the fruits are also borne
fairly in a short period. Due to the various commercial applications, guava
trees are found throughout India. Although they are planted in almost all
states, Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Maharashtra, Uttar Pradesh, and
West Bengal are the important cultivators of this plant.

PROPAGATION:
The plant can be propagated by seeds, grafting or cutting.

PHYTOCHEMISTRY:
- Phytochemical screening yielded alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides,
polyphenols, reducing compounds, saponins and tannins.
- Leaf products have isolated more than 20 compounds, including
alkaloids, anthocyanins, carotenoids, essential oils, fatty acids, lectins,
phenols, saponins, tannins, triterpenes, and vitamin C.
- Leaves contain a fixed oil (6%) and volatile oil (0.365%).
- Fixed oil, 6%; volatile (essential) oil, 0.365%; eugenol; tannin 8-15%;
saponins; amygdalin; phenolic acids; malic acid; ash, aldehydes.
- Fruit contains "glykosen" 4.14 to 4.3%, saccharose 1.62 to 3.4 %, protein
0.3%, etc.
- Bark contains 12 to 30% tannin. Roots are also rich in tannin.
- Contains catequinic components and flavonoids.
- Major constituents of leaves are tannins, ß-sitosterol, maslinic acid,
essential oils, triterpenoids and flavonoids.
- Chloroform-methanol extracted lipids of guava seeds was 9.1% on a dry
weight basis. Analysis yielded 12 fatty acids, with a pattern similar to
cottonseed oil. Protein content of seeds was 9.73% on a dry weight basis.
- Phytochemical screening yielded flavonoid, tannin, terpenoids and
steroids from the leaves, and saponins, flavonoids, terpenoids and
steroids from the bark.
- Preliminary phytochemical analysis of powdered leaves by four solvent
extracts (H20/H, EtOH/E, CHCl3/C, and Benzene/B) yielded flavonoids
(CB), terpenoids (HEC), quinones (E), oil and fat (HECB), phenols
(HECB), starch (ECB), protein (E), carbohydrate (HECB), cellulose
(HECB).
- GC-MS analysis of fruit yielded 65 compounds. Major constituents were
α-pinene, 1,8-cineole, β-caryo- phyllene, nerolidol, globulol, C6 aldehydes,
C6 alcohols, ethyl hexanoate and (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate. Unique fruit flavor
was attributed to the presence of C6 aldehydes, C6 alcohols, ethyl
hexanoate, (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate, terpenes and 1,8-cineole.
- GC-MS analysis of leaves for bioactive components yielded alpha -
bisabolol, 1, 2- benzenedicarboxylic acid, hexadeca-2, 6, 10, 14-tetraen,
caryophyllene, bis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, nerolidol and germacrene.
- Ethanolic and aqueous extract of leaves yielded tannin, phlobatannins,
saponin, flavonoids, steroids, terpenoids, triterpenoids, carbohydrate,
polyphenol and glycoside. From leaf powder, phenol yield was 9.33
mg/gm, tannin 4.30 mg/gm, flavonoids 6.42 mg/gm, and saponin 3.67
mg/gm.
- Study of leaves yielded five constituents: one new pentacyclic
triterpenoid guajanoic acid, 3β-p-E-coumaroyloxy-2α-methoxyurs-12-en-
28-oic acid (1) and four known compounds: ß-sitosterol (2), uvaol (3),
oleanolic acid (4), and ursolic acid (5).
- Main constituents of guava leaves are phenolic compounds,
isoflavonoids, gallic acid, catechin, epicatechin, rutin, naringenin,
kaempferol. Pulp is rich in ascorbic acid, carotenoids (lycopene, ß-
carotene, and -cryptoxanthin). Seeds and bark yielded glycosides,
carotenoids and phenolic compounds.
- Analysis of guava leaf hexane fraction of leaves yielded 60 compounds,
including ß-eudesmol (11.98%), a-copaene (7.97%), phytol (7.95%), a-
patchoulene (3.76%), ß-caryophyllene oxide (3.63%), caryophylla-
3(15),7(14)-dien-6-ol (2.68%), (E)-methl isoeugenol (1.98%), a-terpineol
(1.76%), and octadecane (1.23%).

MEDICINAL USES:
- In the Philippines, the astringent, unripe fruit, the leaves, bark cortex, and
roots - though more often the leaves only - are used in decoction for
washing ulcers and wounds.
-Fresh leaves used for wounds and toothache.
- Decoction or infusion of fresh leaves used for wound cleaning to prevent
infection and to facilitate healing.
- Warm decoction of leaves for aromatic baths.
- For pasma, the salt residue from home ice-cream makers is mixed with
water and bayabas leaves, boiled and used as a healing wash to the
extremities.
- Decoction of bark and leaves used for diarrhea.
- For diarrhea, boil for 15 minutes 4 to 6 tablespoons of chopped leaves in
18 ounces of water. Strain and cool. Drink 1/4 of the decoction every 3 - 4
hours.
- Bark used internally for chronic diarrhea of children and adults - half an
ounce of the bark or root bark in six ounces of water is boiled down to 3
ounces, and given in teaspoon doses. Also used for prolapsus ani of
children.
- Decoction of rootbark also used as mouthwash for swollen gums.
- Root-bark has been recommended for chronic diarrhea.
- For toothache, chew 2-3 young leaves and put into the tooth cavity.
- In India, water decoction of leaves used for treatment of jaundice.
- In Mexico, decoction of leaves used for cleaning ulcers. Ground leaves
used as poultice. Leaves also used as remedy for itches. Fruit also used
as anthelmintic.
- In Uruguay, decoction of leaves used as vaginal and uterine wash,
especially in leucorrhea.
- In the West Indies, decoction of young leaves and shoots used as
febrifuge and for antispasmodic baths. Infusion of leaves used for cerebral
affections, nephritis, and cachexia. Pounded leaves used locally for
rheumatism; extract used for epilepsy and chorea.
- In Costa Rica, decoction of flower buds used for diarrhea and to improve
blood flow.
- In African folk medicine, leaves used for treatment of diarrhea.
- For gum swelling, chew leaves or use the leaf decoction as mouthwash 3
times daily; chewed leaves.
- For skin ulcers, pruritic or infected wounds: Apply decoction of leaves or
unripe fruit as wash or the leaf poultice on the wound or use the decoction
for wound cleansing. It is also popularly used for the wound healing of
circumcision wounds.
- Guava jelly used as heart tonic; also for constipation.
- Ripe fruit is used as aperient.
- Water in which the fruit is soaked used for diabetes.
- In a, used as a chewing stick for oral care.
- In Nicaragua, P. guajava is a traditional treatment for Giardia-induced
diarrhea.
- For nosebleeds, densely roll the bayabas leaves and place into the
nostril cavity.
- As vaginal wash, warm decoction of leaves as vaginal wash (after
childbirth) or douche.
REFERENCES:

V., H., G., T., D., B., & F., L. (n.d.). Guava (Psidium guajava). Retrieved
September 04, 2020, from [Link]

CABI Invasive Species Conpendium. (n.d.). Psidium guajava (guava). Retrieved

Sept. 04,2020, from [Link]

Tannaz Birdi, Poonam Daswani, S Brijesh, Pundarikakshudu Tetali, Arvind Natu,

& Noshir Antia. (n.d.). Bayabas / Psidium guajava / GUAVA / Fan shi liu:
Herbal Medicinal Plants / Philippine Medicinal Herbs / Alternative Medicine.
Retrieved Classification: USDA PLANTS. (n.d.). Retrieved September 04,
2020, from [Link]
source=display

Bayabas / Psidium guajava / Guava. (n.d.) Retrieved September 04, 2020, from
[Link]