Villanueva,HazelAnn also inspires the colleagues to do the same, building a

shared vision for all staff.

BSCRIM3C
b. Champion the importance of Ethics
MIDTERM “CFLM REVIEWER”
An ethical leader’s job is to focus on the overall
CFLM2 –LECTURE 3
significance of ethics, including ethical standards and
ETHICS IN LEADERSHIP other ethical issues, and how those factors that
influence society. As a, ethical leader, educating peers
“An ethical leader is someone who lives and about ethics is crucial, particularly in cases where they
dies for integrity. Doing the right thing, even when it face an ethical issue at work.
hurts, is the ethical leader’s mantra”
c. Hire people with similar values
Heather R. Younger Although your views need to be
Ethics is about the types of values and morals identical to those lor your workers, you should be able
that a person or a community finds acceptable or to establish common ground with them. This often
necessary. In addition, ethics is concerned with the starts with the hiring process and is sustained through a
morality and actions of individuals. They took to leaders declaration of vision.
when it comes to ethics to lead on ethics and take d. Promote open communication
responsibility for both good and bad results.
Each subordinate is different although they
Ethically leading leaders are role models, promoting the share similarities. Be open with every decision you
value of ethical standards. Keeping their people make, and seek input from your team. It makes you
accountable for those principles, and crucially-designing become a better letter and helps you feel more
environments in which others works and live. As comfortable in expressing your thoughts or concerns
mentioned below, it has been shown that ethical with your subordinates. Collecting inputs from your
leadership produces a variety of positive results, and team will help you improve as a leader and will push the
reduces the risk of many negative results. Thus organization forward.
leadership can be the most effective tool in an ethical
system designed to support ethical behavior. Good ethical practitioners tend to be good
communicators. Individual interacts differently . Some
Ethical leadership is leadership motivated by may feel comfortable speaking in public, irrespective of
respect for ethical beliefs and values, and other staff or circumstance, while others ay refuse to talk
people’s integrity and rights (Watts, 2008). It is with a leader due to fear, anxiety or simple not
therefore related to values such as honesty, sincerity, knowing how to express what they are trying to say.
care, beauty and fairness (Brown, M. et.al. 2005). They could speak better via email, rather than in
HOW TO BECOME AN ETHICAL LEADER? person.

Define and align your values Communicating with each member of the team
is an ethical leader’s task but also allowing for open
Consider the morals you were raised with: conversation, as some people may have questions and
* Treat others how you want to be treated concerns that need to be answered. Creating
camaraderie with your team is vital to the leaders.
* Always say “thank you” Relationships of quality appear to be founded upon
honesty , justice, dignity, transparency, compassion and
* Help those whi are struggling,” etc.
respect.
But as you evolve, and as society
e. Beware of Bias
progresses, traditions alter, often causing changing
values. Ask yourself what matters to you as a person, As people, many of us have antiquated or
and then align that with your leadership goals. It not mistaken convictions, subconscious or otherwise.
only reflects your honesty in describing your beliefs, it Every leader want to admit to their shortcomings but
failure to practice self-awareness will lead to A strong ethical leader has an
detrimental effects. Everyone has prejudice, but you important responsibility for maintaining a positive
haven’t been called on for the longest time, because working environment. Ethical leaders leading by
you’ve never really been tested. Leaders need to look example should persuade others to do likewise. People
at themselves and be honest in fact having prejudices are generally influenced by the things occuring around
that can impinge on the feeling of ease at work or them. Good contact between colleagues can help to
another person. For you to build and maintain better influence efficiency and attitude in the workplace.
relationships with your subordinates, be an open
2. The Energy of the Team
minded leader.
Ethical leadership can also include behavior control and
f. Lead by Example
co-operation within a team. In the workplace, morale
Leading by example is a noble attribute of a usually is stronger when people get along with each
leader. The best way to ensure an ethical organization other. When colleagues work as a team, this can help
is to lead by example. It is important to remember as build relationships in the workplace and improve the
an ethical leader, that actions always speaks louder group’s overall performance. Strong leaders usually
than words. People are more likely to judge others leady by example.
rather than what they say, based on how they behave.
3. The Health of the Organization
Ethical leaders may begin to earn the respect of their
The value of maintaining a positive mindset in the
peers by practicing and demonstrating the use of ethical
workplace has much to do with improving the
, truthful, and unselfish conduct to subordinates.
organization’s overall health. When people are able to
g. Find Your Role Models show respect for each other and value the views of
others , this can help to create a productive work
In history, there are many leaders, doing a little
climate. There can be an ethical organization when
study of strong, powerful leaders and trying to identify
people’s groups work together in an atmosphere of
what they are doing well. Then incorporate it into their
mutual respect , where they can develop individually,
own style of leadership.
build firendships and contribute to the overall objective.
h. Care for yourself so you are able to care for others
THE 4-V MODEL OF ETHICAL LEADERESHIP
As the saying goes, “You can’t pour from an
The 4-V model aims to reconcile internal beliefs and
empty cup.” The cornerstone for strong leadership is to
values for the common good with external behaviors
have a calm and competent disposition. This can be
and actions.
done by ensuring that you, as a person, are focused on
fulfilling you own needs such as sleep, nutrition and a The 4-Vs stand for :
true relationship with loved ones.
1. Values
It may seem easy to devote time to self-care,
2. Vision
but ultimately it’s crucial to improving your leadership
abilities. The leader who is happy and satisfied with life 3. Voice and
seeks peace and fulfillment for those they lead.
4. Virtue
IMPACTS OF ETHICAL LEADERSHIP
These characteristics help to build a strong
Ethical leaders will help to build a healthy ethical leader. In the end, an ethical leader‘s main goal
atmosphere through constructive partnerships at three is to create a world in which the future is positive,
levels: the individual, the team, and the organization at inclusive and allows all individuals to pursue and fulfill
large. Nurturing connections at each of these levels will their needs and fulfill their maximum potential.
result in the following outcomes and benefits.
VALUES FORMATION IN LEADERSHIP
The well-being of the Individual
Values is not a subject that has been talked about so
often but one that plays an important role in acts and
performance. Because values are personal and not Knowing and understanding your
always clearly defined, they remain an essential but beliefs, is one thing. Behave according to them is
under-discussed and undervalued part of who you are another matter. This reality has an effect on al the ideas
as an individual and as a leader. that have been shared so far, because all the
advantages are achieved when you recognize and then
Everyone has values, and when clearly understood and
act upon your beliefs. Of those advantages, this is the
established, they become much more important. To get
most practical. Your beliefs are what drive your
the most out of what happens, the best initial step
actions.
would be to identify your valued and write down those
that are most important to you. While it helps to define who you are,
having clear beliefs can be so much more useful on a
REASONS WHY VALUES MATTER TO LEADERS
daily basis. It allows you to be more successful,
Values Guide your Decisions efficient and confident leader by being clear on your
values.
You have a lot of decisions to make as a
dictator, those that only affect you and those that CHAPTER III
impact many others. Once you start with your
UNDERSTANDING MANAGEMENT
principles, choices, big or small, can be taken faster,
simpler and with greater confidence. Go to your MANAGEMENT
choices against your merit scheme. It’s the best place
Management is a set of principles relating to
to start.
the roles of planning, coordinating, directing and
Values strengthens your ability to influence. regulating the implementation of those principles in the
efficient and the effective use of physical, financial,
If you associate with your beliefs, you
human and information capital to achieve
are communicating with your passions. People are
organizational objectives.
drawn to you when you speak with passion, they are
more likely to hear your message and you will be more Definitions of Management
successful in persuading and influencing. As a leader, it
Management thinkers have defined
should be self-evident why this is vital to your values.
management in their own ways:
3. Values Create Clarity
A set of activities directed at the efficient and
When you’re happier your life is simpler
effective utilization of resources in the pursuit of one or
in so many ways. Clarity helps you concentrate, make
more goals.Van Fleet and Peterson
yourself more successful and much more. One of the
fastest ways in your life to achieve clarity is to be clear Working with human, financial and physical
about your belief first. If you work from this point of resources to achieve organizational objectives by
departure all the other clarification advantages will performing the planning, leading,, organizing, leading
follow. and controlling functions.
Megginson, Mosley and Pietri
4. Values Reduces Stress
Management is a problem solving process of
The majority of people I know want less tension
effectively achieving organizational objectives through
in their lives. It’s doubly important as a leader because
the efficient use of scarce resources in a changing
your tension is infectious-it infects those around you.
environment.Kreitner
It’s easier to communicate when the choices are
smoother, and you’re clearer about issued that you’ll Management is an art of knowing what to do,
have less tension. In the past you may not have been when to do and see that it is in the best of cheapest
talking about values in this way; but, it is absolutely way.F.W. Taylor
true that living from your values is a great way to
reduce stress. Management is an art of getting things done
through and with the people in formally organized
5. Values Guide your Actions groups. It is an art of creating an environment in which
people can perform and can cooperate towards Management: The never ending process
attainment of group goals.Harold Koonts
It Simply means that management is a phase
Other views on the Definition and Scope of that will never stop, because the company remains.
Management Managers would always force themselves to tackle
tasks, goals and problems at a certain points in time.
“Management is forecasting ang preparing,
arranging, direction, managing and regulating,” says
Henri Fayol.
ACTIVITY MANAGEMENT
Fredmund Malik describes management as
Task Management is the practice of recording
“transforming capital into value.” It is described by
personnel’s day- to-day accomplishments in an order in
Ghislain Deslandes as “a weak force, under pressure to
which they are done. It is a key to an organization’s
achieve results and endowed with the threefold power
success, as it helps to monitor the organization’s course
of constraints, imitation and imagination, operating at
and maximize its work efficiency. It relies on the
subjective, interpersonal, institutional and
philosophy that knowledge from higher levels of
environmental level.”
management influences any activity that takes place in
Management as a Process the company in a personal or group workers
organization, therefore it is essential to proper
Management as a process began with the sole
recording process and cannot take place without
purpose of attaining an objective. Further it is, specially
controlling the activities.
done in order to:
Managing tasks will help the workers organize their
The Purposes are:
daily work. The activity management system helps the
1. rise client’s satisfaction with the services the managers and their subordinates to evaluate or verify
company provides. their results. This promotes workplace accountability as
job tasks are accurately monitored, and subordinates-
2. develop personnel experience, abilities and deserved notifications are given according to the
capacity, or employee’s daily-observed progress. Tracking the work
3. accomplish a particular goal o goal. of the employee and the amount of time spent helps
identify where improvements are essential.
Management as a mechanism often includes
interrelated processes by which management within an Elements of the Ideal Activity Management Label
entity manages and controls the organization’s Monitoring this recorded information on a regular basis
resources to achieve desired outcomes. This requires is essential to assure the completion and accuracy of
not only managing and using financial resources alone, the record.
but also human resources, as they are also
1. The activity (a brief description of what you do)
Important to an organization in order to achieve its
stated objectives. 2. The type of activity (whether it is meeting, an email,
phone or others)
Managers need to build a comfortable working
atmosphere that promotes healthy employee relations 3. Name of tasks
within the company. They will make sure that the
4. Title of project
human resources work in harmony to achieve the goal
of the organization. Having full oversight of an 5. Name of category of the project
organization’s affairs, managers need to follow due
6. The time length of the activity
process to set goals and come up with plans for
achieving outcomes. Both phases of planning ang 7. Date of the task
execution include due processes which the manager
must strictly adhere to.
Importance of Activity Management effectively. And as a result, each artist is required to
possess personal skills and imagination so he or she can
It gives both the employer and the employees,
make good use of the knowledge gained. Even if two
information on the performance of the personnel
or more artist learn the same thing, their ingenuity and
involved.
talents will decide how well they end up using the
It helps to organize and emphasize the importance or acquired knowledge.
relevance of the tasks at hand.
The same is true of management. Learning the values
It also helps to avoid miscommunications and mistakes and philosophies of management is not enough. One
of tasks repetition in the workplace. requires the skills and imagination required to make use
of the information learned to produce positive results.
Management as a Discipline As with art, two or more managers can learn the same
Management is also a discipline because it thing, but because of their skills and creativity, the
includes learning the procedures and values required to results generated could be different.
perform official administrative duties, as well as In order to achieve perfection every artist needs
demonstrating the code of conduct that managers must constant practice. The artist will not progress without
obey when performing their duties. Management is also regular training, either. The artist should focus on the
being taught, as with other research or discipline practical after studying their theoretical dimension, in
courses, at numerous institutes and universities around order to achieve perfection. A trained manager will not
the world. go far without a managerial position being exercised or
Individuals may secure jobs as managers after obtained. In theory, certain established management
they have earned a diploma certificate or higher degree. principles need to be put into practice. The manager is
Managers also have opportunities to increase their creatively oriented and can identify areas he or she
expertise and competence by obtaining a higher degree needs to develop and work on accordingly. Education
of management certification. is therefore an integral part of art and management.
Management is therefore an art, because both have the
Management as an Art same characteristics.
Management is also known to be an art, Management as a Group
because both share similar characteristics. Art is a
structured body of knowledge that requires imagination In any way, the concept of management
and expertise. An artist often needs constant practice suggests that it is a group. In general, administrative
in order to become faultless or achieved degree of functions are not performed by one person alone. For
perfection which is considered acceptable. most cases, as companies expand, many specific
managerial roles are generated to that the organization
Art is taught and put to use. The can meet its desired objectives.
apprenticeships cycle comes before application. There
are vast amounts of resources available to learn and Management as an operation carried out by a
develop knowledge about art in the industry, which group of people saddled with the responsibility of
includes study materials and books to help artist gain keeping the company going and achieving fa specific
better understanding and deliver quality production. goal. In other words, a community composed of people
The same holds true for management. with specific knowledge of the organization or
managerial roles will work together to manage a
By learning, theoretical knowledge is gained. In other business.
words, managers will learn about the operations and
concepts of management that are presented in the Today, when we suggest that XYZ Company’s
study materials. management is doing well, we are explicitly referring to
a specific group of people that makes up the
While studying art, one can learn and gain theoretical management team.
knowledge but it does not end there. To yield results,
the knowledge gained has to be implemented
They are the decision-makers and people’s first team to For example , it has been proven that that there will be
get the boot when things go wrong. Let’s take an ineffectiveness in organizations where there is no
example of using police force. The Chief if the manager. compromise between authority and accountability.
However do not forget that the community of managers
Management as a Profession
is comprised of other team leaders, not just one
person. Management is also an occupation as it has
characteristics that allow it to be so. A profession is
In business, management involves the top-level
called a career in which one requires knowledge and
managers who are the company’s decision makers. Any
undergoes training series to fit perfectly into that role.
decision they make is binding on other managers and
employees at lower levels. These include the president, A career has limited entry which is also true in
chief executive, board of Directors, general mangers management. Although anyone can assume a
etc. managerial role in a corporation and there is no law
prohibiting that, many companies now prefer for such
Management as a Science
positions individual’s with Master’s degree.
Management also a science, because everything
The Manager
used to classify a field as science is involved. Science, for
example, establishes the relation of cause and effect A manager is a person in the organization who directs
between variables. It also takes into consideration, the the activities of others. They perform their work at
values that bind the variables concerned. Scientific different levels and they are called by different names:
concepts are thus formulated using the standard
scientific methods that involve testing. And the method 1. The First Line Managers – They are usually called
involved testing and checking via a series of tests. supervisors or in the manufacturing they maybe called
foreman.
One of the features which indicates that science and
management are the same is the universal acceptance 2. The Middle Level Manager - These compromise all
of scientific principles. In other words, scientific laws management levels between the organization’s
are the same in every case and in every part of the supervisory level and top level. Such managers may be
world. On the other hand, management has its call functional managers, head of plants, and managers
fundamental principles that are universally accepted of projects.
and implemented in every situation or enterprise. An 3. The Top Managers
example of that is the Unity of Command Principle. They are the ones responsible for
Another attribute suggesting that science and making organizational decisions and setting policies and
management are the same in the manner who obtains strategies which affect all aspects of the organization.
scientific principles. IT has to move through other Such individuals may be named vice-president,
scientific research and analysis before a theory is managing director, chief executive officer or board
generally accepted. But, the same method also includes chairman, etc.
the principles of management. Scientific analysis and MANAGERIAL FUNCTIONS
evaluation are carried out before organizational
principles are achieved, and this could also include a. Planning – This is necessary to set goals and to
specific observations derived from a large number of develop strategies for organizing activities.
managers or experiments performed. b. Organizing – It assist in deciding the tasks to be
The relationship between cause and effect is a further performed, how to do them, how to organize the tasks
trait that distinguishes management and science as one. and where to make decisions.
The relation between cause and effect is vitally c. Staffing - This is important for employing different
important in scientific principles. Heating the metal , for types of people and performing different activities such
example can, can cause it to expand. The cause is the as training, growth, evaluation, compensation, welfare
heat applied while the effect is the one felt by the etc.
expansion . The same happens in administration.
d. Directing – This requires that subordinates be given decision making. Since all managers have to make
instructions and motivated to achieve their goals. decisions, these skills are necessary for all managers but
they become more important as they form the
e. Controlling - This is monitoring practices to ensure
hierarchy of the rganization.
that the workers perform the tasks as scheduled, and to
correct any major deviations.

MANAGERIAL SKILLS Thank You!

Managing position requires proper skills to

perform various jobs. He cannot be an efficient
NEXT TOPIC
manager if he lacks the knowledge and skills to do the
job because it will be the foundation for his workers to QUALITIES OF A MANAGER
be corrected and driven.

THREE ESSENTIAL SKILLS FOR COMPETENCIES OF THE

MANAGER (by: Robert L. Katz)

1. Technical

2. Human

3. Conceptual

Technical Skills

Managers must be able to work with the resources,

equipment, strategies, procedures or the technical
skills. First line executives as well as many middle
managers have been active in the activities if the
organization ‘s technical aspects. Even when a manager
moves higher in hierarchy, the need for technical skills
is less , but still technical skill hekps in making decisions.

Human Skills

Managers must have the ability to work well with

other people bot individually and in a group. Managers
need these skills at all levels but top managers need
them the most. The manager has interpersonal skills
because he get the best out of the people that work
with him. We are able to communicate, empower, lead
and inspire confidence and enthusiasm.

Conceptual Skills

Managers need to be able to integrate and

organize the different activities. Managers must be able
to think of abstract ideas and to contextualize them.
We need to be able to see the organization as a whole
and the relationships between its different sub-units
and to see how the organization, fits into its

Wider context. Conceptual competencies are important

in