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    Class 11 SST Ch-1

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    Mudassir Akhter
    This document discusses the importance and process of making the Indian constitution. It explains that the constitution establishes the fundamental rules and principles of governance for a country through a democratic process. The Indian constitution was drafted by an elected constituent assembly over several years and was inspired by the principles of the nationalist movement for independence such as democracy, sovereignty and fundamental rights.

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    Class 11 SST Ch-1

    Uploaded by

    Mudassir Akhter
    20 views14 pages
    This document discusses the importance and process of making the Indian constitution. It explains that the constitution establishes the fundamental rules and principles of governance for a country through a democratic process. The Indian constitution was drafted by an elected constituent assembly over several years and was inspired by the principles of the nationalist movement for independence such as democracy, sovereignty and fundamental rights.

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    class 11 sst Ch-1

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    This document discusses the importance and process of making the Indian constitution. It explains that the constitution establishes the fundamental rules and principles of governance for a country through a democratic process. The Indian constitution was drafted by an elected constituent assembly over several years and was inspired by the principles of the nationalist movement for independence such as democracy, sovereignty and fundamental rights.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    20 views14 pages

    Class 11 SST Ch-1

    Uploaded by

    Mudassir Akhter
    This document discusses the importance and process of making the Indian constitution. It explains that the constitution establishes the fundamental rules and principles of governance for a country through a democratic process. The Indian constitution was drafted by an elected constituent assembly over several years and was inspired by the principles of the nationalist movement for independence such as democracy, sovereignty and fundamental rights.

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    This video is available in Hindi and English.

    यह वीडियो हहिंदी और अिंग्रेजी में उपलब्ध है ।

    இந்த வடிய
    ீ ோ இந்தி மற்றும் ஆங்கிலத்தில் கிடைக்கிறது.

    ఈ వీడియో హిందీ మరియు ఆింగ్ల ింలో అిందుబాటులో ఉింది.

    ‫یہ ویڈیو ہندی اور انگریزی میں دستیاب ہے۔‬

    આ વિડિઓ ડિન્દી અને અંગ્રેજીમ ાં ઉપલબ્ધ છે .

    এই ভিভিওটি ভিভি এবং ইংরেভি িাষায় উপলব্ধ।


    Political Science – Class 11
    Ch-1 :- Constitution: Why & How?
    Part-1
    BY :- RENAISSANCE 2.0 : NEW DAWN OF EDUCATION
    What is Constitution?

     Rule book of a nation.


     Document of peoples faith & aspiration.
     Fundamental & Supreme law of the land.
     Sets out framework of various govt. organs viz. Executive, Legislature,
    Judiciary.

    Renaissance 2.0
    New Dawn of Education
    Why do we need a Constitution?

    1. To provide a set of basic rules that allow for minimal coordination amongst
    members of a society.
    2. To specify who has the power to make decisions in a society. It decides
    how the government will be constituted.
    3. To set some limits on what a government can impose on the citizens. These
    limits are the fundamental in the sense that government may never
    trespass them.
    4. To enable the government to fulfil the aspirations of a society and create
    conditions for a just society.

    Renaissance 2.0
    New Dawn of Education
    Fundamental identity of people

    Constitution expresses the fundamental identity of people


     Political Identity :- by providing certain basic norms and principles.
     Moral Identity :- by setting authoritative constraints within which one
    pursues individual aspirations, goals & freedom.

    #The Indian Constitution does not make ethnic identity a criterion for
    citizenship.

    Renaissance 2.0
    New Dawn of Education
    The Authority Of A Constitution

     The authority of people who enact the constitution helps determine in part
    its prospects for success.
     The more a constitution preserves the freedom and equality of all its
    members, the more likely it s to succeed.
     Well crafted constitution fragments power in society intelligently so that no
    single group can subvert the constitution. The Indian constitution, for
    example, horizontally fragments power between Legislature, Executive,
    Judiciary.
     Successful constitutions strike the right balance between preserving core
    values and adapting them to new circumstances. Indian constitution is also
    referred to as ‘A Living Document’ because of the possibility to change the
    Renaissance 2.0
    provisions and the limits on such changes to ensure that it will survive as a
    document respected by people.

    New Dawn of Education


    How was the Indian Constitution made?

     The constitution of India was framed by an elected Constituent Assembly,


    and was formally adopted on 26th November, 1949, but it came into force
    on 26th January, 1950, as desired by Pandit Nehru.
     The constituent assembly was set up under the Cabinet Mission(1946).
     Total 385 members of which 292 were elected by the elected members of
    the Provincial Legislative Assembly while 93 were nominated by Princely
    States.
     In 1947 Muslim League decided to withdraw its members for creation of
    separate Constituent Assembly for Pakistan and the membership of Indian
    Constituent Assembly was reduced to 299, out of which 229 represented
    provinces and 70 were nominated by Princely States.

    Renaissance 2.0
    The assembly met for 160 days spread over 2 years and 11 months.
    New Dawn of Education
     The first meeting of the constituent assembly took place on December 9,
    1946
     Dr. Rajendra Prasad was elected as constituent assembly president on
    December 11, 1946
     To cope with wide range of specialized tasks, the constituent assembly
    formed major committees to outline the proposed constitution such as,
    Committee on Union Constitution, Union Powers Committee(both headed
    by J.L. Nehru), Committee on Fundamental Rights, Advisory
    Committee(both headed by Sardar Vallabh Bhai Patel), etc.
     The all important Drafting Committee was formed under the chairmanship
    of Dr. B.R. Ambedkar.

    Renaissance 2.0
    The drafted constitution received the signature of Dr. Rajendra Prasad on
    26th November, 1949, when it was declared as passed and adopted. And
    came into effect on 26th January, 1950.
    New Dawn of Education
    Inheritance of the Nationalist Movement

     The principles of constitution were forged during the long struggle for
    freedom. The constituent assembly was giving concrete shape and form to
    the principles it had inherited from the Nationalist Movement.
     The best summary of the principles that the nationalist movement brought
    to the constituent assembly is the Objective Resolution moved by Pandit
    Nehru in 1946.
     Based on this resolution, our constitution gave institutional expression to
    these fundamental commitments: Equality, Liberty, democracy,
    sovereignty and a cosmopolitan identity.

    Renaissance 2.0
    New Dawn of Education
    Objective Resolution

     To foster unity of the nation and to ensure its economic and political security, to
    have a written Constitution, and to proclaim India as a Sovereign, Democratic
    Republic.
     To have a federal form of government with the distribution of powers between
    the Centre and the States.
     To guarantee and secure justice, equality, freedom of thought, expression,
    belief, faith, worship, vocation, association and action to all the people of
    India.
     To provide adequate safeguards for minorities, backward and tribal areas and
    depressed and other backward classes.
     To maintain the integrity of the territory of the Republic and the sovereign rights
    on land, sea and air according to the law of civilized nations.

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    To attain rightful and honored place in the world and make willing contribution
    to the promotion of world peace and the welfare of mankind.

    New Dawn of Education


    Institutional arrangements

     The basic principle is that government must be democratic and


    committed to the welfare of the people.
     This led to the adoption of parliamentary form and the federal
    arrangement, which would distribute governmental powers between the
    legislature and the executive on one hand and between states and
    central government on the other hand.

    Renaissance 2.0
    New Dawn of Education
    Important Questions
    1. What is Constitution?
    2. Why do we need Constitution? Give four reasons.
    3. Why is it necessary for a country to have a clear demarcation of powers and
    responsibilities in the constitution? What would happen in the absence of such a
    demarcation? (NCERT)
    4. Why is it necessary for a constitution to place limitations on the rulers? Can there be a
    constitution that gives no power at all to the citizens? (NCERT)
    5. What makes a Constitution effective?
    6. How does a Constitution express the fundamental identity of people?
    7. Explain the composition of constituent assembly.
    8. “Indian constitution is neither rigid nor flexible” explain this statement.
    9. Which constitutional measures enable the Indian government to fulfil the aspirations of
    people?
    10. With the help of system of checks and balances, explain that Indian institutional design is
    a balanced one.
    11. Mention at least one provision borrowed from constitution of below mentioned
    countries:- Britain, Ireland, France, USA
    12. Why is constitution called as supreme law of the land?
    13. How does a constitution allow for minimal coordination amongst members of the
    society?
    14. What is objective resolution? Who introduced it and when?
    To Be Continued…

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