Quarter 1 – Module 1:

KNOWING and UNDERSTANDING ONESELF during MIDDLE and LATE ADOLESCENCE

I. Content Standard:
 The learners demonstrate an understanding of himself/herself during middle and
late adolescence.

II. Performance Standard:

 The learners shall be able to conduct self-exploration and simple disclosure.

III. Duration: Week 1

IV. Competencies:

 Explain that knowing oneself can make a person accept his/her strengths and
limitations and dealing with others better.
 Share his/her unique characteristics, habits, and experiences.

V. Objectives: at the end of the module, you will be able to:

1. discuss that knowing yourself can make you accept your strengths and limitations
and dealing with others better.
2. share your unique characteristics, habits and experience, and

VI. Discussion:
VII. Activity:
VIII. References: (see attachment)

“Knowing yourself is the beginning of all

WISDOM.”
-Aristotle

Discussion:
Every living creature is called to become what is meant to be. The caterpillar is meant to become a
butterfly; a seed into full grown herb, brush or tree; and a human baby into a mature person, the person
“who is fully alive, the glory of God” in the words of St. Irenaeus.
As we immerse ourselves in “Knowing Ourselves” in the process, it is necessary to know some
similar aspects and topic that pertains in the study of self. This may include individuals in seeing our “self”
as a growing person inside the society, and this may cross-sectionally tackle the philosophical, bio-psycho-
social aspect of the self, including the Self-Concept and its relation to the social norms or our society.
Many of our millennials jump to conclusion about themselves knowing more what, know and believe
they do about themselves and technology has improved this definition through apps and media, especially
how they used these platforms in defining themselves (Social Media and Doubt; Jacobson, 2020). Their
social media profiles give a new meaning to who they are as a person living in this digital age. However,
this does not answer the most and perhaps the fundamental question, “Do you know yourself?” Often, this
question delves into the fundamental entity of ourselves, the basic question of understanding ourselves, not
just through our e d weaknesses, your passion and fears, your desires and dreams. It means being aware
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of your eccentricities and idiosyncrasies, your like and dislikes, and your tolerance and limitations.
Knowing yourself means knowing your purpose in life.
When you’re planning for your future, it helps if you know more about your own thoughts, values,
ideas, and personality. Knowing yourself us really important for a lot of things, such as making friends and
understanding how you communicate best.
Activity 1.1: Directions: Write the word TRUE if the statement is correct; otherwise, write FALS.
1. _____Our self-knowledge cannot be influenced by our past.
2. _____In determining our ideal self in the society, we must see our behavior on an everyday basis.
3. _____Being private is irrelevant if we wish to continue in developing our actual self.
4. _____Through studies conducted in history, our parents have no important role in child-practices.
5. _____In bio-psychology and cultural psychology, the crossing path of the hereditary and environment
are irrelevant and shaping the self-concept.
6. _____Allowing ourselves to be molded by our surroundings and be influenced by others is a decisional
aspect in the reshaping our ideal self.
7. _____We cannot change our behavior, hence our destiny when it comes to familial or hereditary
inclination.
8. _____In determining our self-concept, three categories of the self must be considered.

9. _____In the early stages of development among children, oftentimes, they are independent. Hence,
they do not let their behavior be influenced; neither do they need approval from their parents
10. _____The self has no privacy, as often depicted in social media; we allow ourselves to be seen as who
we are and what we do.
Do you still remember your scores when you took your NCAE in junior high school? Have you thought what
you will do after your Senior High School or beyond your college years? A great way to refresh dreams and
reminisce about your future endeavor is to remember you “ideal self.” Psychologist often call this “future
self.” Below is simple drill to refresh your “current self.”
Activity 1.2: My Self Through the Years

Directions: Paste a picture of you when you were in elementary, in high school, and now that you
are in senior high school, Below the picture, list down your salient characteristics that you
remember.
My Elementary Self My High School Self My Senior High School

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What is Self?
Self- is the union of elements, namely: Body, thoughts, feeling or emotions, and sensations that constitute
the individuality and identify to a person (Knowing Oneself, www.slideshare.com).
Body- the body constitute your physical attributes, your health and your posture and poise. you feel about
them and bring about sensations.
Emotions & Sensations- your experience prompt you to act and behave the way you do.
The union of these elements make up your character or personality and essentially distinguish you from
others.
The self, is contemporary literature and even common sense, is commonly defined by the following
characteristics: “separate, self-contained, independent, consistent, unitary, and private” (Steven, 1996).
When we talk about the self, it is being:
Separate- It means it is distinct, different and unique from others. It has its own uniqueness that defines
her/him from others. It has an identity of its own, even twins, may it be fraternal, is very much distinct from
the other.
Self-Contained- We describe its existence as having its own independence. It may exist with or without
others; it is self-containing of its own thoughts, characteristics and volition. For example, we make our
profile pictures in the social media, carefully choosing a picture that expresses more of our thoughts, that
tells us of what we are and what we are in real life. Although, in these given times, it is easy to create
another “self” or deceive someone using a make-up “self”.
Consistent- It is relatively easy to make another “self” in this age of social media and advanced
technology. Every “self” has its own personality that is enduring, that last during late adolescence. Its
uniqueness and its consistency allow it to be studied, described and even measured (also means that a
particular self’s traits characteristics, tendencies and potentialities) are very evident and distinguishable
from other “selves”.
Unitary- The self is unitary in that it is the center of all experiences and thoughts that run a particular
person. It is the topmost executive in an individual where all processes, emotions and thoughts converged.
Lastly,
Private- The self is private. A person may sort out of information, feelings and emotions and thoughts
processes within the self. The whole process is never accessible to anyone but the self. This suggests that
the self is isolated from the external world. Its live within its own world.

Self- Concept
Refers to your awareness of yourself. It is construct that negotiates the Ideal Self and the Actual Self. There
are two broad categories of Self- concept:
1.ACTUAL SELF- is the one that you actually see. It is the self that has characteristics that you were
nurtured or, in some cases, born to have. The actual self is who we actually we are. It is how we think, how
we feel, look, and act. Can be seen by others, but because we have no way of truly knowing how others
view us, the actual self is our self-image. It is built on the self- knowledge.
Self- knowledge- is derived from social interactions that provide insight into how others react to you.
Self- image- another word for actual self.

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2.IDEAL SELF- is the self that you aspire to be. On the other hand, is how we want to be. It is idealized
image that we have developed over time, based on what we have learned and experienced. It is the one
that you possess characteristics similar to that of a mentor of some other worldly figure. It includes
components of what our parents taught us, what we admire in others, what our society promotes, and what
we think is our best interest.
There is negotiation that exist between the two selves which is complex because there are numerous
exchanges between the ideal and actual self.
SOCIAL ROLE- that are adjusted and re- adjusted, and are derived from outcomes of social interactions
from infant to adult development.

Why Is Knowing Yourself Is Important?

Well, it is because the knowing and understanding yourself part would you help to make much better
decisions, it will improve your decision. There are several factors that shape self-concept. Among them are
your own observations, feedback from others and cultural values.

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Your Own Observations

In the process of self-introspection, that may help you reevaluate your motivations and, in real-time,
observing what you do at this moment is one of the significant information about your interest or dislike.
During early childhood, we start observing our behavior and drawing conclusions about ourselves. We are
aware of what we do; we dislike; can and cannot do. Although, when we are still children, our observations
are not entirely correct or sometimes subject to change and entirely up to us, to retain or to improve. We
even compare our observed selves from others. In social comparison theory, people need to compare
themselves with others in order to gain insight into their own behavior (Festinger, 1954; Goethals & Darley,
1977; Wood, 1989). The potential impact of such social comparison was dramatically demonstrated in an
interesting study (Morse & Gergen, 1970).

Feedback from Others

Positive and negative criticisms also create an impact on self-concept. People talk about us or how they
discriminate us give an important aspect in shaping the self-concept. The amount of criticism, feedback we
sometimes freely give, helps shape the current self-concept of what we choose to be or not. As we grow
old, the number of significant and non-significant people in our lives also grows. Everyone contributes in
reshaping the self-concept. Even our ability to accomplish something or
destroy our selves comes from painful remarks or constructive
criticism of others. In child-rearing, especially
the parents, has a unique and essential role in reinforcing and shaping
the self-concept. As children, we receive direct feedback from them.
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Their constant approval and disapproval set guidelines for what should be or not, shaping and inputting the
values and characteristics of the children and, later, becoming what they are when they grow. The saying
“Kung ano ang puno ay siyang bunga”, is a testament output family values instilled in childhood rearing
practices. Aside from children comparing their actions from others, they also compare themselves to their
parents. That is why sometimes, even when our parents are gone, we still have their characteristics and
values; we unconsciously accept this as our self-concept, along with their approvals and disapprovals. Most
of us, especially when we are young, take this sort of feedback to heart. Thus, it is no surprise that studies
find an association between parents’ views of a child and the child’s self-concept (Wylie, 1979). There is
even more substantial evidence for a relationship between children’s perception of their parents’ attitudes
toward them and their self-perception (Wylie, 1979).
Cultural Values/ Cultural Guidelines
Self-concept is also indirectly influenced by cultural values. In the study of Cultural Psychology, in this
age of technology and social media, we accept our differences, especially on how we accept the culture
and beliefs of others. Japanese society does not tolerate corruption; the Philippines has always been
influenced or has always had that familial clinging of thinking and protectiveness. The Chinese have always
thought to have a strong business minded stand in their points of view. The society in which we are raised
defines what is “good” and “bad” in personality and behavior. American culture tends to put a premium on
individuality, competitive success, strength and skills. These cultural values influence how we interpret our
behavior. In the Philippines, our cultural values were shaped by historical colonization, which is evident in
our present society, particularly our strong family ties. Another is cultural hospitality that is deemed
acceptable as our nature. Even the dismal corruption that has been the perennial problem of the country
also shaped the tolerance of Filipinos as a way of answering societal problems.
Having Self-knowledge stems from the actual – self. It derives from our social interactions of society
that provide insight into how others react to us. It is the same as gaining feedback from others. The reaction
of other people is an essential aspect of gaining actual-self or our self-image. Even our social roles are
adjusted, on how we view ourselves today, and how
ideally (ideal self) what we would like to be in the future. There is a negotiation that exists between the two
selves, which is complicated by numerous exchanges between the ideal self and actual self. These
exchanges are exemplified in these social roles, and they are adjusted continuously and re-adjusted.
In-making habits, in setting and reaching appropriate goals and altogether living more productively and
more. You can play many interesting personality tests and evaluations for self-discovery that can help you
become more in tune to yourself.

Activity 1.3: A “ME” Tree

Directions: Copy and draw this picture at back of this page and do the following tasks.

1. On the picture provided, write / draw a symbols / or paste pictures of all of your strengths and
talents / abilities – one strength or talent per root.
2. On the branches, write / draw a symbols / or paste pictures of all of your accomplishments and
successes- one per branch.
3. Some roots and branches should be left empty so that new elements can be added as they
happen in the future.
4. Lastly, write your name on the trunk of the “Me Tree”.

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Activity 1.4: My Reflection through my Experiences
Directions: Share your experience (s), thoughts and opinion on the following statements. Copy and write
your answers in your big notebook.
1. People need to compare themselves with others in order to gain insights on their own behavior.
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________

2. “Kung ano ang puno ay siyang bunga”.

_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________

3. Corruption is also shaped by our tolerance or our approach to answering societal problems.
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________

What I Have Learned

1. The Self has several distinctive characteristics that separates from other “selves”.
2. The Self has its own experiences and emotions, which is very different and unique in any other way.
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3. Self-Concept is a combination of both our actual-self (present) and ideal self (future self).
4. Self-Concept can also be our comparison to others, even our people who have a direct and indirect
influence.
5. Our observation of ourselves and others, the feedback from others, our historical or cultural
perspective also play a role in shaping our self-concept.
6. Having self-knowledge in our aspects and historical beginnings also provide essentials information
shaping our actual self, which is very much closer or far from our ideal self.
7. In a process of merging our actual self and ideal self, our social roles provide us the adjustments in
the changing and conflicting development of our society.
8. The actual self and ideal self can’t be confused in defining the “self”. it must be collated and defined
according to its aspects and its development and even lapses, of the self is very unique in every
individual in which they have unique definition and expression.

Activity 1.5: Do You Truly Know Yourself?

Directions: How much do you know yourself a rating using the scale: 0= very week; 1= weak; 2=
somewhat weak or somewhat strong; 3= strong;4= very strong.
___1. I am a good listener.
___2. I am physically attractive and beautiful/handsome.
___3. I am easily to get along with.
___4. I can adjust to different people and different situation.
___5. I am approachable; other people are at ease and comfortable with me.
___6. I am fast learner, can understand with one instruction.
___7. I have special talents and abilities.
___8. I can be trusted in any transaction.
___9. I have a clean conscience and carry no guilty feeling.
___10. I have integrity and good reputation.

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References:
Journal and Books
Chaffe, John. (2015). The Philosopher’s Way; Thinking Critically about Profound Ideas. 5 th Ed.
Boston
Festinger, Leon. (1954). A Theory of Social Comparison Processes. Human Relations, 7, p 117-
140.
Fiske, S. T., & Taylor, S.E. (1991). McGraw-Hill Series in Social Psychology. Social Cognition (2 nd
Ed.) McGraw-Hill Book Company
Gormly, Anne V. 1986. Understanding Psychology 4th Edition. New York
Hamachek, Don E. 1978. Encounters with the Self. West Publishing Company
Howe & Howe. 1975 Personalizing Education Values Clarification and Beyond
Schlenker, Barry R. 1985. The Self and Social Life. New York
Steven, Richard 1996. Understanding the Self. Stage Publication Open University
Weitin & Lloyd. 1994. Psychology Applied to Modern Life. University of Kansan

Website:
https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/001872675400700202
https://psycnet.apa.org/record/1991-97723-000
https://trove.nla.gov.au/work/22017195?q&versionld=45645003
https://philpapers.org/rec/STEUTS
https://www.toppr.com/guide/business-communication-and-ethics/intro-tibusinesscomminication/
johari-window/

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STA. MARIA NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
School ID: 304705

PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT
SHS – ALS

INSTRUCTIONS:

1. You

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