Cost of Living 3is 2

COST OF LIVING AND THE EMOTIONAL STABILITY OF

GRADE 12 ACCOUNTANCY, BUSINESS AND MANAGEMENT

(ABM) LEARNERS OF POLOMOLOK NATIONAL HIGH
SCHOOL
A Research Proposal Presented to

Polomolok National High School

Senior High School Department
Barangay Cannery Site, Polomolok, South Cotabato
In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements in

Inquiries, Investigations, and Immersion (3I’s)
Janna Mae R. Plete

Adrian A. Peñafiel
Richell Mae M. Tayone
Marielle Kate B. Sarmiento
Jay-Ann Mae P. Atwel
Dhensheree P. Aracan
GRADE 12 ABM – CAJUCOM
Researchers
JUNE 2023
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The researchers are immensely thankful to these individuals for their

assistance and understanding in making this study a reality. Not only that they
have also donated their time and effort to the completion of this study. The
researcher’s utmost gratitude is given to the following individuals who helped
broaden their perspectives as they went through this study:
To Mrs. MONENA B. GARINGO, their Inquiries, Investigations, and

Immersion teacher, for her patience, expertise, revisions and
recommendation, which helped the researchers tremendously. Her guidance
aided them throughout the writing and the completion of this research.
To the researchers' TEACHERS, for mentoring and understanding

them in order for this research to be completed. Their involvement has aided
in the study's administration.
To the researcher’s FAMILY, who have consistently encouraged and

financially supported the completion of this study, as well as their
inexhaustible wisdom, encouragement, and inspiration throughout their lives.
To the researcher’s FRIENDS, for their time and help invested in this
study. For the long hours spent working on this study, as well as the
enjoyment they have enjoyed over the last several months.
Most importantly, to GOD ALMIGHTY for the wisdom, knowledge, and

guidance day by day. His everlasting grace, guidance, and protection
bestowed to the researcher during this study effort.
-The Researchers
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ABSTRACT
The cost of living is the amount of money essential to meet basic

expenses, and emotional stability is defined as a fundamental personality trait
associated with remaining calm in the face of obstacles and threats. This
research was carried out in order to broaden the researcher’s current
understanding and perspective about the cost of living and emotional stability
of the learners. Additionally, the goal of this study is to determine whether
there is a correlation between the emotional stability and the cost of living of
the Accountancy, Business Management learners.
To achieve its objectives, the researcher used explanatory research

design in determining the Cost of Living and the Emotional Stability of Grade
12 Accountancy, Business and Management (ABM) Learners of Polomolok
National High school. Using the Slovin’s formula, it was determined that there
are sixty-five respondents from Grade 12 ABM students of Polomolok
National High School. In addition, the respondents were carefully chosen
through simple random sampling, where each member of a population have
an equal chance of becoming a part of the sample. After the survey
questionnaire was administered, the researchers used tabular method to
present and scrutinize the data.
According to the study's findings, over half of Grade 12 ABM students

had a cost of living that varies from ₱31.00 to ₱60.00. Furthermore, the
results indicated that most learners have good emotional stability. The cost of
living has been shown to have no effect on emotional stability. Therefore,
Accounting, Business and Management students have a different degree of
cost of living regardless of emotional stability.
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Chapter I
THE PROBLEM
Introduction
Emotional stability is a fundamental personality trait associated with

remaining calm in facing challenges and threats. It entails controlling and
regulating one's emotions, dealing with stress, and staying calm and
composed in stressful situations. Individuals with higher emotional stability are
more resilient, adaptable, and self-controlled. It helps them stay calm under
pressure, make rational decisions, and find constructive solutions to
problems, which is needed in financial management. One's emotional stability
influences one's general connection with money. It assists people in keeping a
balanced viewpoint and avoiding being too addicted to material items or
defining their self-worth based on financial position.
On the other hand, cost of living is defined as the money required to

cover basic expenses. It varies depending on the country, city, and even
region. In general, cities or countries with a higher standard of living and
stronger economies tend to have higher living costs. A higher cost of living is
associated with housing, transportation, and general expenses, which can
change over time due to other factors such as inflation, economic conditions,
and government policies.
Thus, when one thinks of these two terms, people do not associate
them with each other. However, there are instances where anger increases
the likelihood of making rash financial decisions and losing more money.
Excitement can make individuals spend more money to share the joy with
others. In contrast, making financial decisions and developing financial habits
can be described as more logical and rational than emotional. However,
taking a closer look at this, it is undeniable that these two processes are
inextricably linked to emotions.
Thinking logically and rationally is easy on paper, but hard to do.

General people do not act logically, rather their decision tend to be
emotionally driven (Lukehurst, 2022). As stated by Hinvest, Fairchild, & Ackert
(2021), a belief in theory and methods for ignoring or avoiding human
emotional influences on decision-making in uncertain situations has been
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blamed for, at least in part, several major real-world disasters, including stock
market bubbles and crashes, questionably immoral organizational culture, and
significant project mismanagement, resulting in significant reputational
damage to organizations and, in some cases, their complete downfall.
Undeniably, emotions have influences over the decision-making of humanity.
While it is acknowledged that people think more logically when it comes to
financial decisions, there have been cases where emotions have played a
major role in an individual's decision-making.
A study done on Financial Stress and Well-being of Filipino Students:

The Moderating Role of External Locus-of-hope by Bernardo and
Resurreccion (2018), tells us that there appears to be no negative relationship
between financial stress and life satisfaction among students with high
external-family LOH. Another study done on Cebu City about Students' Level
of Financial Support Satisfaction towards Their Daily Allowance by Moneva &
Tuñacao (2020) states that a financially supported student is more confident,
tolerant, and less prone to stress, which contributes to improved individual
well-being. Thus, financially supported students are more tolerant, satisfied,
and fulfilled, which results in a better welfare of individuals. As a result, they
have a greater ability to work toward their goals and the means to achieve
those goals.
In addition, a study done on the Influencing Factors of Consumers'

Purchase Intention during Livestreaming e-Commerce by Zhou & Tong
(2022), states that emotions have a full mediating effect on product and
atmosphere, and a partial mediating effect on homogeneity and promotion.
Lastly, according to a study conducted by Nobel Prize-winning psychologist
Daniel Kahneman in 2002 as interpreted by Lowell (2019), individuals make
financial decisions based 90% on emotion and 10% on logic. Which
essentially states that humans act rationally based on their perception of
reality. Hence, emotion is an important part of the human experience; it does
not only influence decision-making, but can potentially harm the individual
when overstimulated. As a result, it is not surprising that emotions have
influenced humanity's progress toward a better life through cultural and
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scientific breakthroughs. However, when handled incorrectly, it can have an
adverse influence on the individual’s decision-making.
Therefore, when considering the findings of these researchers

collectively, it is noticeable can see that none of these studies actually
focuses on the cost of living and emotional stability, but rather on how they
can influence each other. Consequently, its actual connection has yet to be
proven or seen in the field of research.
Conceptual Framework
Independent Variable Dependent Variable
Cost of Living Emotional Stability
Figure 1
The figure above illustrated the study's conceptual framework wherein

it consists of two variables; the independent variable, which is the cost of
living; and the dependent variable, which is emotional stability. This illustrates
the relationship between the cost of living and the emotional stability of the
respondents.
In other words, it shows how the cost of living can affect the emotional
stability of the respondents. The cost of living is defined as the amount of
money required to cover daily basic expenses of the respondents. Cost of
living may also be relatively high, making it challenging for students.
Emotional stability is a fundamental personality trait that has to do with

remaining calm in the face of challenges and threats. It also refers to a
person's ability to remain a state of mental-wellbeing, cope with stress and
manage emotions effectively. It's important to note that emotional stability can
vary greatly among individuals, and while some students may face emotional
challenges, others may handle the pressures more effectively.
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Statement of the Problem
This study aimed to determine the relationship between the Cost of

Living and Emotional Stability of Grade 12 Accountancy, Business and
Management (ABM) Learners for School Year 2022-2023.
Specifically, this study sought to find answers to the following questions:
1. What is the cost of living of the respondents?

2. What factors affect the cost of living in terms of:
a. internal factors;
b. external factors?
3. What is the level of emotional stability of the respondents?
4. Is there a significant relationship between the cost of living and
emotional stability of the respondents?
Hypotheses
The following hypotheses was tested in this study:
Null Hypothesis (Ho): There is no relationship between cost of living and

emotional stability of the respondents.
Alternative Hypothesis (Ha): There is a relationship between the cost of living

and emotional stability of the respondents.
Purpose of the Study
This research sought new information or answers to the researcher's

questions about the behavior of Grade 12 Accountancy, Business, and
Management students. This study aimed to benefit society by uncovering
findings and applying the researchers' acquired knowledge. This study
specifically sought to correlate the cost of living and the emotional stability of
the respondents.
One of the primary objectives of the researchers was to investigate the

topic, which had received scant prior attention. This investigation seeks to
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generate insights, identify relationships, and generate hypotheses to guide
future research.
Significance of the Study
This study aimed to dive deeper unto the cost of living and emotional
stability of Accountancy, Business and Management learners. This study
could be beneficial to various people in different aspects while giving a
platform for respondents. Thus, the following people would benefit from the
study's findings:
Students. This study would allow them to have a sensible manner of

perceiving life problems, especially regarding finances. Through this study,
the students would be able to examine further their financial situation, which is
practical for the students and their families. Students could also improve their
rational thinking and become more financially aware of their spending habits.
Teachers. This study might provide teachers, particularly those

specializing in Accountancy, Business, and Management, with some insight
into whether or not their students are anxious about their finances. In addition,
this could assist teachers in determining whether Accountancy, Business, and
Management students make rational or emotional financial decisions.
Families. This study could provide families with information on the

student’s expenses, allowances, and financial management. As a result, this
study has the potential to bring families with insights into the emotional
stability and cost of living of students.
Entrepreneurs. Entrepreneurs would benefit from this research as the

cost of living of students can directly influence their business operations. This
study would be of use to entrepreneurs as it provides information on students’
expenses and this could give them an idea of how they should approach
creating their product in light of the study's findings.
Marketers. Marketers could benefit from this study because they can
base their products and content on the study's findings. Marketers would be
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able to get ideas on how to promote their products. They could, for example,
create content that advertises products that appeal to the consumer's
emotional state or not.
Other Researchers. They could use this study as a foundation for

future research on the relationship between the cost of living and emotional
stability. Future researchers might be able to use this study to refine their
thinking on the subject as they attempt to discover the difficulties in their
research. This study could be used as a reference or a source of information
by future researchers to help them support their findings.
Scope and Delimitation
Researchers need to set boundaries in able for them to narrow the

research’s area of study while stressing the particularity and relevancy of a
research study. This study would use explanatory research design, which is a
methodology that is used to investigate and comprehend the relationships
between variables or phenomena. Furthermore, researchers only included
the Two (2) Accountancy, Business, and Management sections within Grade
Twelve (12) in Polomolok National High School, Octavio Village, Barangay
Cannery Site, Polomolok, South Cotabato. Researchers have chosen Grade
Twelve (12) learners as their respondents for they are more apprehensive
about their financial status and being in the Accountancy, Business and
Management strand adds more justification to an in-depth examination.
Researchers would elucidate their limitations and boundaries due to

the sheer constraint of what the researchers can achieve. Hence, the study
used simple random sampling method as it is the most straightforward and
popular way to collect data since it enabled the researchers to give equal
chances to the respondents of being selected. Researchers would specifically
utilize research instruments in line with the statement of the problem to gather
the information needed for the result and conclusion of the study. The
research problem included the cost of living, the emotional stability, the
factors that affect cost of living and if there is a relationship between the cost
of living and emotional stability of the respondents.
Definition of Terms
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For a better understanding of this study, the following terms were
defined in the context of this research:
Cost of living. The amount of money required to cover daily basic expenses
of the respondents.
Emotional Stability. A fundamental personality trait that has to do with

remaining calm in the face of challenges and threats.
External Factors. Factors outside of the school that can influence the
respondents (e.g., transportation, family problem, and personal hygiene).
Internal Factors. Factors within the school that can influence the
respondents (e.g., school contributions, projects, and school supplies).
Relationship. The connection between two or more concepts, things, or

people; the influence or relevance of one thing on another.
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Chapter II
RELATED REVIEW OF LITERATURE
This chapter discusses the numerous discoveries and insights from the
topic's related literature. The researchers specifically talked about the cost of
living of students, emotional stability, and the relationship between cost of
living and emotional stability of students. The materials, to be presented, have
been obtained from the internet and could be easily accessed by the majority
of people.
Cost of Living of Students
The cost of living is the sum of money required to cover basic

expenses such as housing, food, taxes, and healthcare in a specific location
and time (Banton, 2021). It is significant to identify the cost of living, because
as stated by Herrity (2020), when looking for a new job, it is critical to consider
the cost of living. When looking for new jobs or deciding whether to accept a
job offer, one must consider whether their wages could cover the basic
expenses, especially if they choose to relocate to a new location with a higher
cost of living.
While what Herrity has indicated is not linked specifically to students,

however, this is also true for students and their allowances. This statement is
also supported by a study titled Correlation of Daily Allowance to the Factors
Affecting the Expenditures of Students in University of Baguio Science High
School done by Cuyop, Espos, Makin, & Pahayahay (2019), which shows that
personal necessities are the number one factor that has the highest influence
on student expenditure. On the other side, impulsiveness is the least
influential element influencing a student's spending.
Furthermore, according to the research conducted and further analysis,

a very clear picture is depicted- over half of the students are living on a
reasonably tight budget to meet their bills and sustain their lifestyle, which
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often goes unmaintained (Singh, Gupta, Jain, Kabra & Gupta 2020). As a
result, it is vital to evaluate and understand the cost of living for students in
order to have a deeper understanding of how a learner spends and budgets
their finances on a daily basis. Because, in this search of knowledge,
discoveries such as the possibility of numerous variables contributing to their
higher cost of living may be taken into account for families.
However, not only do adults have a cost of living, but students have it
too. As such, high school learners’ expenses with the Accountancy, Business,
and Management (ABM) strand have total utility expenses of ₱10,897.77,
total extra-curricular expenses amounting to ₱22,751.89, and total materials
expenses amounting to ₱13,388.99 (Estember & Calvez, 2019). To add up,
the cost of education in the Philippines increases by about 10% year-over-
year. Compared to grade school, senior high school learners has more
expenses to cover such as books, uniforms, laboratory and miscellaneous
fees (Moneymax Editorial Team, 2022). In another study done by Gacad,
Montenegro, Prada, & Salas (2019), less than half of the respondents stated
that they consumed 301-400 pesos, where the vastly majority stated that their
consumption was spent on food, and only a measly is on school supplies. In
this, more than half stated that they could save up with more than a quarter
stating they save up 100 pesos and below. In contrast, only 6% stated that
they do not have savings for the whole week. Without a doubt, the learners
have a cost of living that will be established in this research, in which learners
must consider not only their personal necessities, but also their school
contributions and fees to be settled, especially in private schools.
It is of the utmost importance that one must identify the cost of living of
students. Because, according to Parreño (2023), the research findings states
that the high expense of school was the leading cause of dropout in 2008,
while employment or seeking work was the leading factor in 2013. Hence, in
2008 and 2013, the underlying causes of dropping out were the high expense
of college and employment or pursuing work. When faced with financial
difficulties, many students decide to drop out of college. In the short term, this
solves the most pressing issue. After all, without tuition, fees, or books to pay
for, a student's earnings can go a long way (Scholarship America, 2019).
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Dropouts may result from a poor financial condition; assessing the cost of
learning allows school administrators to have a different perspective on why
students may drop out unexpectedly.
Learners are experiencing not only financial stress, but also mental
health concerns because of rising prices, which are negatively affecting their
well-being. The cost of living for students is significant since it not only assists
parents with their children's allowances, but it also educates local businesses
on what the students can and cannot afford. Finally, it may explain their
activities and behavior, such as dropping out or being easily stressed.
Emotional Stability of Students
Emotional stability is an essential character trait of a person and an

important part of mental health. Emotional stability refers to a person’s
capacity to live stable and balanced. Furthermore, the crucial factors that
have emerged as contributing to emotional stability are gender, caste, family
structure, age, working status of the mother, socioeconomic status, emotional
maturity, determining infant relationship, faraway online classes, worry of
COVID-19, and uncertainty about the future attitude of academics and career
(Maheshwari & Gujral, 2021). Emotional stability enables an individual to
create a balanced perspective on life's difficulties, as well as a realistic and
sensible outlook. However, teenagers’ life is emotionally controlled.
Adolescence boys and girls are strongly influenced by emotions and instinct.
They do not base their actions on logic. They also found that it affects every
psychological aspect, including the learning of the students. Emotional control
may impair performance in situations requiring the adolescent student’s
flexibility and adaptability.
Thus, based on the results of a study done by Manlunas, Macalam, &

Parreno (2021), emotional stability is a predictor of stress management
among senior high school students who participate in a flexible learning
modality during the pandemic. Being emotionally stable help these students
manage their stress more effectively. The student's ability to control and
manage their emotions has an impact on how he manage stress from
academic pressures and personal thoughts. These findings imply that the
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better students are at managing and stabilizing their emotions, the better they
are at managing stress caused by external factors. Additionally, in different
studies emotions are a predictor of managing stress of senior high students
particularly in the modular learning all through the pandemic. Being
emotionally stable is a helpful way to manage their stress since a student's
educational and personal life are impacted if they do not manage their
problems.
Furthermore, a study, done by Dr. Kumaravelu (2018), findings

revealed a significant relationship between emotional stability and academic
achievement. This implies that emotional intelligence has a significant impact
on achievement. The current study's findings show that a significant difference
was observed in the case of gender in overall emotional stability and
academic achievement, with girls slightly higher than boys in emotional
stability were. Thus, students with higher levels of emotional stability carry out
higher academically, which is encouraged through emotional intelligence.
Through developed curricula, training, exercises, and awareness sessions,
academic establishments may also create many techniques to maintain not
just students' academic performance but also their capacity to function
normally in everyday life (Saeed, Zafar & Hanif, 2022). It is important to know
students’ emotional stability as it tells whether learners can maintain their
focus under pressure. As emotional stability provides individuals with the
ability to face their problems with ease, it allows learners to continue to
achieve their goals. Thus, it is important to determine students’ emotional
stability for them to achieve more academic and professional success in the
future
It is important to know students’ emotional stability as it tells whether

learners can maintain their focus under pressure. As emotional stability
provides individuals with the ability to face their problems with ease, it allows
learners to continue to achieve their goals. Thus, it is important to determine
students’ emotional stability for them to achieve more academic and
professional success in the future.
The Relationship between the Cost of Living and Emotional Stability
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It is believed that financial decision-makers are frequently non-
emotional and critically analytical when making judgments that affect the
operation of businesses (Zahera & Bansal, 2018). According to classical
finance theory, investors are rational and base their decisions on probability
and outcomes. Behavioral finance, on the other hand, studies the impact of
emotion on decision-making (Wyman, 2021). Thus, emotions, which are
psychological components, play a significant and influencing part in the
decision-making process (Sahoo, 2020). Decision-making is said to be
frequently rational and logical whereas behavioral finance investigates the
influence of emotions on decision-making. Thus, behavioral finance believe
that emotions hold a crucial and influencing role in decision-making, and
psychological influences can directly affect business operations.
To be clearer, behavioral finance is the study of the influence of

psychology on the behavior of investors or financial analysts. It also includes
the subsequent effects on the markets. It focuses on the fact that investors
are not always rational, have limits to their self-control, and are influenced by
their own biases (CFI Team, 2023). According to the study, even if a financial
analyst or investor has self-control in finance, humans are not flawless and
are affected by preconceptions that influence individuals' emotional stability
and decision-making. The fact that executives consider behavioral finance
says enough about how our emotions and biases affect our decision-making.
In contrast, rational behavior theory presumes that individuals always

make decisions that maximize their personal utility. With the options provided,
these decisions offer people with the most benefit or enjoyment. The rational
individual, according to rational choice theory, possesses self-control and is
unaffected by emotional influences. Yet, behavioral economics recognizes
that because individuals are emotional and easily distracted, their behavior
does not always match the expectations of economic models. Individuals'
behaviors are influenced by psychological elements and emotions, which
might cause them to make decisions that do not appear to be very reasonable
(Hayes, 2020). In summary, the rational behavior theory assumes that people
consistently choose the course that will maximize their personal utility, but
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behavioral economics acknowledges that people's behavior can be influenced
by psychological factors and emotions.
Additionally, there will undoubtedly be a greater need for financial,

wellbeing, and mental health support because of the cost of living squeeze on
both most people and the providers. Financial stress and poor student mental
health have frequently been linked (Wicklow, 2022). That is why research by
the British Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy saw that 66% of
advisors refer to cost of living worries as adversely affecting individuals'
psychological wellness, and six out of ten individuals are worried about how
they will cover their family bills. Whether it is worrying about on how to pay for
the grocery store each week or being afraid of another bill reminder, having
financial difficulties can increase the likelihood of experiencing anxiety,
depression, and severe stress (Moore, 2020). Psychological discomfort was
substantially correlated with higher financial worry, according to the
hierarchical regression analysis. In addition, compared to their counterparts,
the relationship between financial concerns and psychological discomfort was
stronger among singles, the unemployed, lower-income households, and
renters (Ryu and Fan, 2022). Struggling with the finances can lead to an
excessive focus on how an individual finds money for daily expenses and
bills, as well as an increase in mental health issues.
Although the related literature did not directly address the cost of living
and emotional stability, there is still a link between the two. In the end, the
cost of living affects the emotional stability of students in some way.
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Chapter III
METHODOLOGY
This chapter presented and discussed the description of research to be

employed by the researchers. This includes the design, the sampling, the
respondents, the research locale, the research instrument, the data gathering
procedure and the statistical treatment to be used. This defined the methods
and procedures that would be used for this study.
Research Design
Using an explanatory research design, this study investigated the Cost

of Living and Emotional Stability of Grade 12 Accountancy, Business, and
Management Students at Polomolok National High School. This research
design aimed to determine if there is a correlation between the cost of living
and the emotional stability of respondents, as well as their perceptions of the
factors that affect their cost of living.
Explanatory research design is a method for investigating and

comprehending the relationships between variables or phenomena. It sought
to explain and comprehend the causes of particular occurrences or outcomes.
An explanatory research design aims to identify the variables or causes that
influence a phenomenon. This investigation method is used when only a small
amount of information is available on a topic; this increases the understanding
of a given topic.
Overall, the objective of explanatory research design is to provide a

deeper understanding of the underlying processes and explanations for
observed relationships instead of merely describing a phenomenon or
demonstrating correlations.
Sampling
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To conduct this study, the researchers developed a useful and
pertinent sampling strategy to get the data required from the participants. The
researchers collected data using the probability sampling technique known as
simple random sampling to produce findings that are truly representative of
the entire population. Consequently, researchers used the simple random
sampling method as it is the most straightforward and popular way to collect
data since it enables the researchers to save time and resources.
Furthermore, researchers used this technique to provide an unbiased

representation of the group and give them an equal chance of being chosen.
Thus, simple random sampling enables researchers to analyze the data they
collect with a lower margin of error, requires only rudimentary observation and
recording skills, is simpler to form sample groups, and results can be
generalized to the entire population. Besides that, since conducting the
research requires less knowledge, the researcher is not required to have a
specific understanding of the data being collected to be done well.
Population and Sample
The respondents of this study are composed of Grade 12 ABM

students at Polomolok National High School. The respondents were selected
through simple random sampling. This sampling method was conducted in a
way that each member of a population can become part of the sample.
The chosen respondents included sixty-five (65) respondents from

Grade 12 ABM students of Polomolok National High School. Particularly,
Grade 12 ABM learners from Grade 12 ABM – Cajucom and Grade 12 ABM –
Bacoy. There are 79 students of Grade 12 ABM, but using the Slovin method
with a margin of error of .05, the qualified respondents are 65.
Locale of the Study
Polomolok National High School (PNHS) is a public secondary school

in Polomolok, South Cotabato, Philippines. Specifically, it is located in Octavio
Village, Barangay Cannery Site in Polomolok, South Cotabato. Since its
establishment in 1981, the aforementioned school has provided curriculum-
based, quality, free education.
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Polomolok National High School is a K-12 recognized institution that
provides both junior and senior high school. It provides the Technical
Vocational Livelihood Track and the Academic Track, specifically the
Accountancy, Business, and Management strand.
The researchers purposely picked this institution as the study's locale

for convenience. Furthermore, the researchers are intrigued in the students'
cost of living at Polomolok National High School. Therefore, it was decided
unanimously that the research would be conducted at Polomolok National
High School.
Instruments
To get the appropriate data needed, the researchers used a three-part

questionnaire. The first part of the questionnaire used a checklist that would
determine the cost of living of students. The second part of questionnaire
consist of open-ended questions asking the factors that affect the
respondent’s cost of living. Lastly, the third part used the Emotional Stability
Scale prepared by Dicks and translated by Al-Asmari (2016).
The researchers devised a questionnaire that inquired about the

respondents' cost of living. All respondents have to do is to mark the box that
corresponds to their answer. This part of the questionnaire has the range of
₱0.00 to ₱30.99, ₱31.00 to ₱60.99, ₱61.00 to ₱90.99, and ₱91.00 and
above. Open-ended questions will be included in the second section of the
questionnaire to ensure that the data acquired best represents the
respondent's experience and opinions.
The Emotional Stability Scale consists of twenty-five (25) items. The

researchers employed a 4-point Likert scale to assess the opinions of the
study sample members. Very Strongly Agree (4), Strongly Agree (3), Weakly
Agree (2), Rarely Agree (1), and by inserting a symbol (✓) in front of the
response which shows the degree of their agreement. The following
categorization will be used to evaluate the arithmetic averages: 1.0 to 1.74 as
low; 1.75 to 2.49 as average; 2.501 to 3.24 as good; and lastly, 3.525 to 4.0
as high. In this scale, the researchers modified some of the items. Specifically
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in Question #5, the researchers changed the question to be more
grammatically correct. Another is the Question #10, the researchers changed
the sentence, “I build a consensus base with others” to “I build a general
agreement with others.”
Data Gathering Procedure
Data collection is a systematic procedure of collecting observations or

measurements. Whether an individual is appearing studies for business,
governmental or educational purposes, information collection allows the
researchers to benefit first-hand understanding and unique insights into the
studies problem. (Bhandari, 2020). In this part, the researchers would be
discussing the procedure that utilized when acquiring data from the
respondents.
In gathering data, the researchers made sure to create a permission

letter made for the researchers to freely and legally conduct the study and it is
to be signed by the institution’s school principal. In addition, before passing it
to the principal, it will be noted by the researchers’ Inquiries, Investigations,
and Immersion teacher first. After ensuring that the school principal signed the
consent letter, the researchers conducted the survey with the respondents.
However before the study is being conducted, there needs to be a

process to be followed. Firstly, the researchers prepared the questionnaires
needed for gathering data that should be enough for the number of
respondents the researchers needed. Secondly, the researchers had to make
sure to attain and follow the preventive measures for the researchers’ and
informants’ safety. Researchers and the respondents were encouraged wear
their masks during the whole duration of the survey.
During the actual survey, the researchers explained the focus and
overview of the study, which is rigging towards the cost of living and emotional
stability of the respondents. Moreover, the researchers accentuated that there
might be cases that the information given by the respondents will be lacking in
some parts. Thus, there will be a possibility to do a follow-up for some
respondents to call forth details via online messaging.
20
Moreover, the ethical principles of a researcher were to be observed, to
ensure anonymity of the respondents and will be consensual to both parties.
Lastly, all the necessary data and information provided by the participants
would be collected and evaluated at the same time. With this, the researchers
secured the confidentiality of the respondents’ data for both parties’ safety
and anonymity.
Statistical Treatment
The following statistical procedures would be used to interpret the data

to be gathered from the respondents of the study.
1. Slovin’s Formula. This was used to calculate the sample size

necessary to achieve a certain confidence interval when sampling a
population.
N
n= 2
1+ N e
Where:
n = Number of samples
N = Total population
e = Margin of error
2. Arithmetic Mean. The following formulae were utilized to calculate

the central tendency of the data collected, reflecting a typical value of the data
distribution's center.
xi
Arithmetic Mean=Σ
n
Where:
n = Number of Variables in the data set

xi = ith variable
21
3. Likert Scale. The following Likert Scale served as the guide for
interpreting the data gathered.
Corresponding
Scale Weighted Means/ Equivalent
Remarks
1 1.00 - 1.74 Low Emotional Stability
Average Emotional
2 1.75 – 2.49
Stability
Good Emotional
3 2.50 – 3.24
Stability
4 3.25 - 4 High Emotional Stability
4. Pearson correlation coefficient. This is used to test the correlation
between the two variables involved.
NΣxy −ΣxΣy
r=
√¿¿
Where:
N = Number of Pairs
Σ = Summation symbol
x = Score for the first variable
y = Score for the second variable
22
CHAPTER IV
PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA
This chapter would serve as the presentation and analyzation of the

data collected for the study. The data shown are in a form of a table. This
chapter also contained the interpretation of the data gathered from the
questionnaires, which would answer the statement of the problem of the
study.
Ranges of Cost of
Frequency Mean
Living
₱0.00 - ₱30.99 22 0.34
₱31.00 - ₱60.99 30 0.46
₱61.00 - ₱90.99 5 0.08
₱91 and above 8 0.12
TOTAL 65 1
Table 1. The Cost of Living of the Respondents
Statement of the Problem: What is the cost of living of the respondents?
Table 1 above shows the ranges and frequencies of the cost of living of
the respondents. As seen above, we can see that twenty-two (22)
Accountancy, Business, and Management (ABM) students selected the range
of ₱0.00 to ₱30.99, which has a 0.34 mean. Presenting over 0.46 mean of the
sample, thirty (30) ABM students picked the range of ₱31.00 to ₱60.99. With
only five (5) ABM students, the five (5) respondents chose the range of
23
₱61.00 to ₱90.99, comprising only 0.08 mean of the sample. Lastly, the eight
(8) Accountancy, Business, and Management students, with a mean of 0.12,
selected the range of ₱91 and above.
Table 2. The Emotional Stability of the Respondents
Statement of the Problem: What is the emotional stability of the respondents?
Interpretation of the
Emotional Stability of Frequency Mean
the Respondents
Low 2 0.03
Average 27 0.42
Good 34 0.52
High 2 0.03
TOTAL 65 1
Table 2 indicates the emotional stability of Grade 12 Accountancy,

Business, and Management students. Most respondents’ results state that
they have good emotional stability. The frequency of high emotional stability is
two (2) respondents, which has a 0.03 mean. Furthermore, good emotional
stability has a frequency of thirty-four (34) respondents and has a mean of
0.52. Then on average emotional stability has a frequency of twenty-seven
(27) respondents and has a 0.42 mean of the sample. Finally, low emotional
stability affects two (2) respondents, or 0.03 mean. It has a total frequency of
sixty-five (65) in its entirety.
Table 3.1 The External Factors that Affect Cost of Living
24
Statement of the Problem: What factors affect the cost of living in terms of
external factors?
Code Formulated
Significant Statement Theme Cluster
Name Meaning
None C1 None None
Transportation
Family Status and
C2 because of Family Transportation
Transportation
Status
Family Status C3 Family Status Family Status
Transportation
Family Status and
Transportation
Status
Transportation
Transportation because
C5 because of the fare Transportation
of the high to pay
price
Factors outside the Transportation

school, transportation because I have P30
C6 Transportation
kay mahal kayo 30 jud as my transportation
for 1 day fare
Transportation since
Transportation kay 50 ra I only have P50 as
akoang allowance for a my allowance, P30
C7 Transportation
day, 30 ang pamasahe 1 as my transportation
day. Also, family status fare and also family
status
Transportation C8 Transportation Transportation
I rarely get my money

from my parents
Expenses because I
because I feel shy
C9 rarely receive money Other Expenses
because we have a lot of
from my parents
expense, we are 3 that is
going to school
25
Food C13 Food Food
Family Problems C14 Family Problems Family Problems
Transportation
Transportation, Family
Status
Status
Gasoline, it affects on The rising cost of
C17 Inflation
me gasoline
What affects my cost

I affect my cost of living of living are
or transportation, daily C18 transportation Transportation
allowance, etc. because of my daily
allowance
The factors outside of The external factors

school affect my cost of that affect my cost of
living is food I spend C20 living are the food I Transportation
after class and spend while
transportation commuting
None C23 None None

None
None C24 None
None C25 None None
None C28 None None
26
Family status because
The main factor that
the main affect to me
C30 affects me is my Family Status
during my cost of living is
family status
financial problem
Necessities C31 Necessities Necessities
Family status C32 Family status Family Status
Daily necessities, Food Daily necessities,

Delivery, Online C33 Food Delivery, and Necessities
Shopping Online Shopping
Transportation, Family Transportation, and

B1 Family Status
Status family

B2 Family Status
Status family
Family Status B3 Family Status Family Status
Transportation B4 Transportation Transportation
Family Status B5 Family status Family Status

B8 Family Status
Status family status
Nothing B11 None None
27
Transportation and
Transportation, Friends B18 Transportation
friends
Food and
Food, Transportation B20 Transportation
transportation
Food, Transportation, Food, transportation

B21 Necessities
Clothes and clothes
Transportation and
Transportation, Shopee B23 Transportation
online shopping
Transportation, Personal Transportation and

B26 Necessities
Expenses personal expenses
Daily needs and

Daily Needs, Hygiene B27 Necessities
Hygiene
Wants and needs B28 Wants and needs Necessities
28
Needs, wants, and Needs, wants, and
B29 Necessities
essentials essentials
Transportation and Transportation and

B30 Transportation
wants wants
Table 3.1 indicates the external factors that affect the cost of living of
Accountancy, Business, and Management (ABM) learners. Twenty-six (26)
respondents stated that transportation fees affected their cost of living. Then
twenty-three (23) respondents answered that their family status affected their
living costs. Necessities are the external factors that affect seven (7)
respondents. Meanwhile, six (6) respondents stated that no external factors
affect their cost of living. Lastly, three (3) respondents separately stated that
other expenses, inflation, and food affect their living costs.
Table 3.2 The Internal Factors that Affect Cost of Living
Statement of the Problem: What factors affect the cost of living in terms of
internal factors?
Code Formulated
Significant Statement Theme Cluster
Name Meaning
None C1 None None
School Projects C2 School Projects School Projects
School contributions,
School Contributions
Projects, Project C3 School Projects
for Projects
Contributions
School School
School Contribution C4
Contributions Contributions
School Contribution and School Contribution School

C5
Food and Food Contributions
Karon kay ang school For now, it's the

School
contributions / bayaranan C6 school contribution /
Contributions
para sa graduation, fees for the
29
tapos sa project pud sa graduation, then the
mga suppplies na supplies for the
kailangan projects
School Contributions,
School Contribution, School
School Fees and C7
Fees and Project Contributions
Projects
School Contribution, School Contribution School

C8
Food and Food Contributions
I struggle sometimes
I struggle because of
because of financial C9 Financial Status
my financial status
status
School contributions,
Contributions for
things that are needed
materials needed for School
for the activity and things C10
our activity and for Contributions
that are needed for the
the classroom
classroom like floor wax
School Fees C11 School Fees School Fees
School Projects C12 School Projects School Projects
Projects, Expenses, Projects and

Contributions, Research C13 expenses for School Projects
Paper, School research paper
Project, Daily Allowance Project and
C14 School Projects
and Contribution Contribution
Projects, Contribution, Projects and

C15 School Projects
etc. Contribution
Contributions for
Contributions of activities C16 Activities and
and Projects Projects School Projects
Food because I get
Food because I hungry C17 Food
hungry
all the time
For me, I affect my cost

School Contribution,
of living in school School
C18 Projects and
contributions, projects Contributions
Unnecessary things
and necessary things
30
School Contributions, School Contributions School
C19
Projects for Projects Contributions
The factors in school that What affects my cost

affect my cost of living is of living are School School
C20
the contributions and the Contributions for Contributions
projects in school projects
Projects C21 Projects Projects
School
School Contribution C22 School Contributions
Contributions
School Contribution, School Contributions School
C23
Food Canteen and Food Contributions
Naa sa school School
C24 School Contributions
contribution Contributions
Projects C25 Projects Projects
School
School Contributions C26 School Contributions
Contributions
School
Contributions
School Contribution, School Contribution School
C28
Project for Projects Contributions
School
Contributions
because my main affect School
C30 because of my
to me during my cost of Contribution
financial problems
living is financial problem
School Fees C31 School Fees School Fees

C32
Other Expenses and Other Expenses Contributions
Projects, School School Contribution
Contribution, School C33 for School Works School Projects
Works and Projects
School Budget C34 School Budget School Budget
School
School Contributions B1 School Contributions
Contributions
School Projects B2 School Projects School Projects
School
Contributions
31
School Contributions and School Contributions School
B4
Research Paper for Research Paper Contributions
Projects, School School Contribution
B5 School Projects
Contributions for Projects
School Contributions, School Contributions
B6 School Projects
Projects and etc. for projects and etc.
School Contributions and School Contributions
B7 School Projects
Projects for Projects
Projects, School Projects and
B8 School Projects
contributions Contributions
School
Contributions
School
Contributions
School
Contributions
School
School Allowance B14 School Allowance
Allowance
Research Paper School Projects like

B15 School Projects
(Projects) research paper
School Contributions, School Contribution

B16 School Projects

B17
Projects and Activities for and Activities Contributions
School Projects, School Contributions

B18 School Projects
Contributions for Projects
School Contribution, School

B19 School Contributions
Friends Contributions

B20 School Projects
Projects, Food for Project
Project, Food, School contributions

B21 School Projects
Contributions for projects
32

B23 School Projects
Weekly due, Projects for Projects
School
Contributions
School
Contributions
Contribution for
Projects, Graduation School
B26 project, graduation
Fees, 3Is Contributions
fees
Daily Expenses such as Daily Expenses for
food and School B27 food and School Expenses
Supplies Supplies
My projects and
Extracurricular
Projects, Extra curricular B28 extracurricular
Activities
activities
Extracurricular Extracurricular
Extracurricular activities B29
activities activities
Extracurricular Extracurricular
Extracurricular activities B30
activities activities
B31 School Projects
Table 3.2 shows the internal factors affecting the cost of living of the
respondents. School contributions affected twenty-nine (29) respondents, and
twenty-five (25) respondents stated that school projects affected their cost of
living. Meanwhile, extracurricular activities affected three (3) respondents, and
two (2) stated that school fees also affected them. Furthermore, five (5)
respondents separately stated financial status, school budget, allowance,
food, and other expenses. Finally, one (1) respondent stated that no internal
factor affects his/her cost of living.
Table 4. The Correlation between Cost of Living and Emotional Stability
Statement of the Problem: Is there a relationship between their cost of living

and emotional stability?
Parameter Value
Pearson correlation coefficient (r) -0.063
P-value 0.62
33
Covariance -0.028
Sample size (n) 65
Statistic -0.50
Table 4 shows the data on whether a relationship exists between

respondents' cost of living and emotional stability. The Pearson correlation
coefficient is -0.063, and the p-value is 0.62. As a result, the study rejected
the alternative hypothesis (a relationship exists between the cost of living and
emotional stability) and accepted the null hypothesis (there is no relationship).
This implies that there is no significant connection between the cost of living
and the emotional stability of the respondents.
34
CHAPTER V
SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSION & RECOMMENDATION
This chapter investigated and summarized the findings presented in

the preceding chapter. Not only that, but it would provide the study's
conclusion. This chapter would include recommendations to resolve the
difficulties and restrictions identified in the evaluation.
SUMMARY OF FINDINGS
Based on the analysis of the gathered data, the following are the
findings of the study:
1) The first part of the research questionnaire is about the cost of living of the
grade 12 Accountancy Business and Management learners. The result
found that most of the learners have a range from ₱31.00 to ₱60.99 as
their cost of living, followed by a cost of living that ranges from ₱0.00 to
₱30.99. The result also showed that the range of ₱61.00 to ₱90.99 and 91
and above had the least number of learners.
2) The result showed that transportation; followed by family status;
necessities, other expenses, inflation, and food, are the external factors
affecting their cost of living. Meanwhile, some respondents stated that no
external factors affect them. Moreover, the internal factors affecting the
respondents' cost of living are school contributions, with the highest
response. Followed by school projects, extracurricular activities, school
fees, school budget, school allowance, food, and other expenses.
Meanwhile, one respondent stated that no internal factors affect their cost
of living.
3) The result shows that most Grade 12 Accountancy, Business, and
Management students have good emotional stability. Followed by the
35
respondents having average emotional stability. Comprising only a tiny
amount of the sample, only two respondents had low and high emotional
stability.
4) Lastly, the correlational relationship between the cost of living and the
emotional stability of the 12 ABM learners. Based on the p-value of 0.63,
there is no significant relationship between the cost of living and the
emotional stability of the respondents.
CONCLUSION
Based on the analysis of the gathered data, the following are the
conclusion of the study:
1) The respondents' general cost of living ranges between 31.00 and

60.99, which is a reasonable cost of living for students in Polomolok. It
is essential for students to meet their basic necessities, such as food
and transportation costs, in order to avoid financial difficulties, which
can impact the quality of life attained.
2) Several factors have been identified that influence the cost of living for
ABM learners, including transportation, food, education, wants, and
daily necessities. As students, the respondent's concerns are limited to
education expenses. As a public school, Polomolok National High
School students are less encumbered by school fees than students
from private institutions.
3) Most respondents’ results state that they have good emotional stability,
indicating that ABM learners can effectively manage their emotions,
cope with stress, and not experience financial strain due to their high
cost of living. While financial concerns can contribute to various mental
health issues, this is not the case for ABM students.
4) Students' socioeconomic situation does not prevent them from
achieving their goals as ABM students have varying levels of emotional
stability. As a result, regardless of the cost of living, ABM students face
various levels of emotional stability. This also means that ABM
students are rational in their decision-making, which is in line with what
ABM teachers teach the learners.
36
RECCOMENDATION
Based on the findings of this study, the researchers would like to

recommend the following:
1) The researcher recommends seeking alternative means of coping with

the rising cost of living for the students, specifically those who do not
have financial support from their parents. This includes applying for
scholarships to lessen school fees and other educational costs. By
applying for scholarships, the student and their family's financial
burdens lessens.
2) Teachers should educate their learners on how to make informed
decisions. By integrating budgeting into the curriculum, teachers can
equip students with lifelong financial skills and knowledge. The
importance of budgeting in attaining financial security cannot be
overstated. Teachers can empower students to save for emergencies,
plan for significant life events, and develop financial resilience in the
face of unforeseen circumstances by teaching them about budgeting.
3) Families should monitor their spending habits and set budgets to
control and reduce their cost of living. They should know how always to
be practical about their economic state and reflect on their daily
expenses. The researchers also recommend to establish a savings
plan following changes in all factors regarding the cost of living and
avoid worrying about their living expenses. In addition, they must
identify factors that significantly affect the cost of living to manage their
daily expenses and avoid budget shortfalls. it is better to find a way to
earn money and save money because the future is unpredictable, just
like the pandemic. Thus, the researchers recommend being competent
in managing the family's finances.
4) For entrepreneurs and marketers, selling student-friendly products is
one of the best business ideas. For food-related businesses, budget-
friendly meals are an example of how this enables students,
particularly those struggling financially, to save money. This
recommendation also increases profits for entrepreneurs, as it
promotes business growth. As such, it is preferable for business
37
owners and marketers who sell school supplies and other goods to
reduce prices so that students will purchase their products, thereby
preventing a business shutdown.
5) For future researchers, studying the cost of living provides valuable
information for policymakers, businesses, individuals, and researchers,
enabling them to understand economic conditions, develop effective
policies, make informed decisions, and address socioeconomic issues.
Thus, the researchers recommend to have a more in-depth
investigation upon the topic for benefit of society.
38
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42
Appendix A
Approved Letter of Permission
43
Appendix B
Survey Questionnaire
44
COST OF LIVING AND THE EMOTIONAL STABILITY OF GRADE 12
ACCOUNTANCY, BUSINESS AND MANAGEMENT (ABM) LEARNERS OF
POLOMOLOK NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Good day!
We are Janna Mae Plete, Adrian Peñafiel, Marielle Sarmiento, Jay-Ann Mae
Atwel, Richell Mae Tayone and Dhensheree Aracan. We are senior high school
students of Polomolok National High School and we are presently working on the
aforementioned research title. Anent this, we would like to collect data related to our
study, particularly, your daily cost of living and your emotional stability through this
questionnaire.
Rest assured that we will observe utmost confidentiality towards your
responses and identity. This will simply be for academic purposes. To protect your
identity, we will not disclose any of your personal information throughout the entire
research.
Name (Optional): ______________________________ Section: ____________
PART I. COST OF LIVING
Put a check mark (✓) on the corresponding box of your answer.
1.) Which of these ranges of cost of living best represents your daily expenses?
□ ₱0.00 - ₱30.99
□ ₱31.00 - ₱60.99
□ ₱61.00 - ₱90.99
□ ₱91 and above
PART II. FACTORS AFFECTING RESPONDENTS’ COST OF LIVING

1. What factors in school (i.e. school contributions, projects, etc.) affect your cost of
living? List them down below:
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
2. What factors outside of school (i.e. family status, transportation, etc.) affect your
cost of living? List them down below:
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
3. How does each of these foregoing factors affect your cost of living?
___________________________________________________________________
PART III. EMOTIONAL STABILITY SCALE
Please indicate your agreement using checks (✓) with the following
statements using the scale below.
Rarely Weakly Highly Very Highly
Items
Agree (1) Agree (2) Agree (3) Agree (4)
1. I get physical when I get excited.
2. I relax when I am under stress in a

situation.
3. I always get ready when
performing a task.
4. I can influence other people's
behavior.
Rarely Weakly Highly Very Highly
Items
Agree (1) Agree (2) Agree (3) Agree (4)
45
5. I can find a successful solution
when in conflict with others.
6. I quickly calm down when I feel
angry.
7. I can determine the situations in

which I feel angry and how to control
myself.
8. I recover myself again after failure.
9. I feel when others feel sorry.
10. I build a general agreement with

others.
11. I realize which senses I am
currently using.
12. I use "self-talk" to change my
emotional states.
13. I create motivation when doing
chore.
14. I help others to control their
emotions.
15. I leave a good impression when
dealing with others.
16. I can identify when my moods are
shifting.
17. I keep calm when I am targeted
because of the anger of others.
18. I stop or change my negative

habits.
19. I show my sympathy for others.
20. I give advice and moral support to

others if needed.
21. I Identify the time when I become
defensive.
22. I can control my positive
emotions.
23. I do what I said.
24. I participate in conversations with

others.
25. I accurately reflect the feelings of
others to get back to them again.
46
Thank you.
Appendix C
Pictures
47
Curriculum Vitae
Janna Mae R. Plete

San Gabriel Homes, Polomolok, South Cotabato
Cellphone No.: 09777766911
Email Address: [email protected]
PERSONAL INFORMATION
Age : 18
Birthday : July 8, 2004
Gender : Female
Religion : Assembly of God
EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND
Elementary : Polomolok Central Elementary School
June 2011 – March 2017
Junior High school : St. Lorenzo School of Polomolok, Inc.

Senior High school : Polomolok National High School

Accounting, Business, and Management Strand
September 2021 – Present
AWARDS AND ACHIEVEMENT
 Awarded as an honor student for the school year of 2013–2014 in

Polomolok Central Elementary School.
 Won Fourth in Poster Making Contest during 2019 Nutrition Month
Culmination in St. Lorenzo School of Polomolok, Inc.
 Won First runner up in Himig Lorenzo of Intramurals in St. Lorenzo
School of Polomolok, Inc.
 Awarded as an honor student for the school year of 2019-2020 in St.
Lorenzo School of Polomolok, Inc.
 Awarded as an honor student for the school year of 2020-2021 in St.
Lorenzo School of Polomolok, Inc.
 Awarded as an honor student for the school year of 2021-2022 in
Polomolok National High School.
48
Adrian Alcantara Peñafiel
Purok Rañada, Polomolok, South Cotabato
Age : 17
Birthday : March 15, 2005
Gender : Male
Religion : Roman Catholic
Elementary : Eugenio Llido Rañada Elementary School
Junior High school : Schola de San Jose


 Awarded as an honor student for the school year 2016-2017 in

Eugenio Llido Rañada Elementary School
 Awarded as an honor student for the school year 2017-2018 in Schola
de San Jose
de San Jose
de San Jose
de San Jose
49
Jay-ann Mae P. Atwel
Purok Faustino Javier, Polomolok South Cotabato
Age : 19
Birthday : August 25, 2003
Gender : Female
Religion : Alliance (CAMACOP)
Elementary : J. Cruz Sr. Elementary School
Eustacio Barcatan Elementary School

June 2015 - March 2016
Junior High school : Polomolok National High School


 Awarded as an honor student for the school year 2010-2015 in J.Cruz

Sr. Elementary School
50
Dhensheree P. Aracan
Brgy. Maligo, Polomolok South Cotabato
Age : 17
Birthday : September 20, 2005
Gender : Female
Elementary : Kawit Elementary School

June 2017 – May 2021

 Awarded as an honor student in Kawit Elementary School.

51
2Richell Mae M. Tayone
Age : 18
Birthday : November 10, 2004
Gender : Female
Elementary : Guisguis Elementary school

June 2017 – May 2021

 Awarded as an honor student for the school year of 2008 to 2017 in

Guisguis Elementary School.
 Third place in Mathematics Contest In Sta. Cruz North Central
Elementary school, Sta. Cruz Zambales
52
2Marielle Kate B. Sarmiento
Age : 17
Birthday : July 20, 2005
Gender : Female
Elementary : Baliwag North Central Elementary School
June 2010 – April 2012
Polomolok Central Elementary School

Dolefil SDA Elementary School

Junior High school : St. Lorenzo School of Polomolok, Inc.


June 2019 – May 2021

 Awarded as an honor student for the school year 2010 to 2014 in

Baliwag North Central Elementary School
 First place during the conduct of Grade 11 Research Oral
Presentation held on June 15, 2022.
53
54

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COST OF LIVING AND THE EMOTIONAL STABILITY OF

GRADE 12 ACCOUNTANCY, BUSINESS AND MANAGEMENT

A Research Proposal Presented to

Polomolok National High School

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements in

Janna Mae R. Plete

The researchers are immensely thankful to these individuals for their

To Mrs. MONENA B. GARINGO, their Inquiries, Investigations, and

To the researchers' TEACHERS, for mentoring and understanding

To the researcher’s FAMILY, who have consistently encouraged and

Most importantly, to GOD ALMIGHTY for the wisdom, knowledge, and

The cost of living is the amount of money essential to meet basic

To achieve its objectives, the researcher used explanatory research

According to the study's findings, over half of Grade 12 ABM students

Emotional stability is a fundamental personality trait associated with

On the other hand, cost of living is defined as the money required to

Thinking logically and rationally is easy on paper, but hard to do.

A study done on Financial Stress and Well-being of Filipino Students:

In addition, a study done on the Influencing Factors of Consumers'

Therefore, when considering the findings of these researchers

Independent Variable Dependent Variable

Cost of Living Emotional Stability

The figure above illustrated the study's conceptual framework wherein

Emotional stability is a fundamental personality trait that has to do with

This study aimed to determine the relationship between the Cost of

Specifically, this study sought to find answers to the following questions:

1. What is the cost of living of the respondents?

The following hypotheses was tested in this study:

Null Hypothesis (Ho): There is no relationship between cost of living and

Alternative Hypothesis (Ha): There is a relationship between the cost of living

Purpose of the Study

This research sought new information or answers to the researcher's

One of the primary objectives of the researchers was to investigate the

Significance of the Study

Students. This study would allow them to have a sensible manner of

Teachers. This study might provide teachers, particularly those

Families. This study could provide families with information on the

Entrepreneurs. Entrepreneurs would benefit from this research as the

Other Researchers. They could use this study as a foundation for

Scope and Delimitation

Researchers need to set boundaries in able for them to narrow the

Researchers would elucidate their limitations and boundaries due to

Emotional Stability. A fundamental personality trait that has to do with

Relationship. The connection between two or more concepts, things, or

Cost of Living of Students

The cost of living is the sum of money required to cover basic

While what Herrity has indicated is not linked specifically to students,

Furthermore, according to the research conducted and further analysis,

Emotional Stability of Students

Emotional stability is an essential character trait of a person and an

Thus, based on the results of a study done by Manlunas, Macalam, &

Furthermore, a study, done by Dr. Kumaravelu (2018), findings

It is important to know students’ emotional stability as it tells whether

The Relationship between the Cost of Living and Emotional Stability

To be clearer, behavioral finance is the study of the influence of

In contrast, rational behavior theory presumes that individuals always

Additionally, there will undoubtedly be a greater need for financial,

This chapter presented and discussed the description of research to be

Using an explanatory research design, this study investigated the Cost

Explanatory research design is a method for investigating and