CRITICAL JOURNAL REVIEW

MK: PEMBELAJARAN BILINGUAL

PRODI: PGSD

SKOR NILAI :

Pembelajaran bilingual

NAME : VIENNA ERMAYANI PARDEDE

NIM : 1223311100

SUPERVISOR : Prof. Dr. Naeklan Simbolon, M.Pd.

COURSE : bilingual learning

PROGRAM STUDI S1 PENDIDIKAN GURU SEKOLAH DASAR

FAKULTAS ILMU PENDIDIKAN

UNIVERSITAS NEGERI MEDAN

OKTOBER 2023
FOREWORD

Praise be to God Almighty, where for my blessings and mercy I was able to complete
this paper which is a routine assignment of this Education Science course entitled
"critical journal review". I thank the lecturer who has provided guidance.

I am aware that the paper I am working on has many shortcomings therefore I

apologize if there are errors in writing and I also hope for criticism and suggestions in
this paper so that next time I can make CJR paper even better.

Finally, I thank you, hopefully it can be useful for all of us.

Medan, Oktober 23

WINA PARDEDE

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Table of Contents
FOREWORD...........................................................................................................................................2
CHAPTER 1.............................................................................................................................................3
INTRODUCTION.....................................................................................................................................3
A. Rationalization of the Importance of CJR.....................................................................................3
B. CJR Writing Purpose......................................................................................................................4
C. Benefits of CJR...............................................................................................................................4
d. Identity of the journal being reviewed.........................................................................................4
CHAPTER II.............................................................................................................................................5
JOURNAL SUMMARY.............................................................................................................................5
Background.......................................................................................................................................5
Research Formulation.......................................................................................................................6
Purpose of the Problem....................................................................................................................6
Research Methods............................................................................................................................6
CHAPTER III............................................................................................................................................6
DISCUSSION...........................................................................................................................................6
A. conclusion / summary from the journal.......................................................................................6
B. Advantages and disadvantages of journals..................................................................................9
CHAPTER V.............................................................................................................................................9
COVER....................................................................................................................................................9
A. Conclusion.....................................................................................................................................9
B. Advice..........................................................................................................................................10
BIBLIOGRAPHY.....................................................................................................................................11

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CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

A. Rationalization of the Importance of CJR

The minimal development of science is caused by the low interest in reading students at
this time. Criticizing journals is one way that can be done to increase interest in reading.
Critical Journal Review is an activity to review a journal in order to know and
understand what is presented in a journal. Basically, journal reviews focus on
evaluation (explanation, interpretation and analysis) of strengths and weaknesses, what
is interesting, and how the journal can change perceptions and ways of thinking and
become a consideration of whether the knowledge gained can increase understanding
of a particular field of study. By doing this review, readers can find out the quality of the
journal by comparing it with the work of the same author or other authors and can
provide input to journal authors in the form of criticism and suggestions on the
systematics of writing, content, and substance of the journal.

B. CJR Writing Purpose

Criticizing journals aims to provide readers with an overview of the identity of the
journal, the status of the journal, the advantages and disadvantages of the journal both
in terms of writing systematics, EBI, and the overall integration of the journal content
and its implications from various aspects. Criticizing journals can add insight to critics
because in the journal presented problems that will add to our knowledge.

C. Benefits of CJR
Useful for improving students' skills in making good and correct research reports to
avoid mistakes in conducting research, especially research for thesis writing and as a
guide in writing scientific papers which will be expected so that students can create
research journals in accordance with applicable rules and regulations.

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d. Identity of the journal being reviewed
Journal I

Journal Title : The Benefits of Bilingual Education and its Applications in

Indonesia
Journal : Sower education journal
Volume and Pages :-

Year : 2006
Writer : Teguh Santoso

Journal II

Journal Title : The Effect of Bilingual Learning Method on Self-Efficacy of

Elementary School Students
Journal : Journal of Tambusai Education
Volume and Pages : Volume 7, Number 1

Year : 2023
Writer : Eghita Desiane Nareswari1, Primatia Yogi Wulandari2, Nur
Ainy Fardana N

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CHAPTER II

JOURNAL SUMMARY

Background
Bilingual education has recently been a prestige for a number of educational
institutions in Indonesia, especially the pre-university ones. Bilingual is defined as being
“able to speak two languages equally well because you have used them since you were
very young” (Oxford, 2002), which broadens it meanings to include also the written
language in bilingual education or communities. Bilingual education refers to “the use of
a second or foreign language in school for the teaching of content subjects” (Richards et.
al., 1992), such as maths and physics. This paper would discuss the benefits of bilingual
education with some Indonesian schools, adopting bilingual programs and heading to
even international program and, finally, it would explore the applications in the
Indonesian schools and provide solutions to some hindrances in the field.

Research Formulation
1. What is the conclusion/summary of the journal?
2. What are the advantages and disadvantages of the journal?

Purpose of the Problem

1. Know the conclusion/summary of the journal
2. Know the advantages and disadvantages of the journal

Research Methods
This paper is an analytical review of both journals. This type of study is a literature
review using a descriptive approach. The analysis method used is a qualitative method
where there is an emphasis on meaning in the journal.

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CHAPTER III

DISCUSSION

A. conclusion / summary from the journal

JOURNAL I

There have been at least three sources on which the bilingual program hereby
is elaborated, two originated from overseas studies and experiments, and one from
observation in Indonesiabilingual education provides better achievements, at least, in
the maths and social science studies for nine years of testing. However, it is worth
noted that it could be risky if one carries out a testing to measure accurately subject
content knowledge when it is done in a second language (Cummins, 1986), such as
the Ontario results on maths and social studies results. Secondly, bilingual education
enables students to use various strategies to foster their understanding. Thirdly,
bilingualism does not mean that the role of the first language is neglected and totally
ignored. If that is the case, the program may not be a bilingual program. Instead, it
leads to what is identified as international school program.

Two of the driven motivations are the prestige of having a bilingual education
or national plus titles, thus, driving away the real essence of what the aims of
bilingual education are, and the marketing reason to keep the schools survive in the
tight competition. Davies further noted that “Indonesian children in Indonesian
schools should get the chance to feel such pride in their own language; placing
English, and so bilingualism, alongside that should be done respectfully and wisely.”
Both Mayor and Davies propose the importance of the role of the first language in the
implementation of the bilingual education. which is taken by Gandhi Memorial
International School, the International Baccalaureate (IB has drawn interests from
bilingual and international schools, such as the established Pelita Harapan, Global
Jaya, Bina Nusantara (Binus) High, Gandhi Memorial International School (also being
a Cambridge Centre) and also High Scope, heading to the 2007
authorizationAccording to a CIE representative in Indonesia, both have not applied
as Cambridge centres, but they are taking the Cambridge exams

Moreover, there comes the role of the first language to be formally taught at
school, i.e. Indonesian language, in accordance with the portion of the target
language, i.e. English, to be taught in the school subjects. In advent of the socalled
competency-based curriculum (CBC), which was reported in early 2006 to be
possibly revised as the 2006 Curriculum, it would be wise to provide more
understanding on language learning strategies, one of which is by applying bilingual
programs to enhance the understanding of students, who experience barriers to use
L2 to express their ideas in L1, especially in the multilingual society of Indonesia. The
CBC enables the existence of “subjects across curriculum”, like English across
curriculum. As stated in the theoretical review above, it is suggested to have various
strategies to boost the success of bilingual education not only in the classroom. For
instance, in addition to the initiative to carry out English-across-curriculum

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instructions, some schools have tried to utilize the English club, and to support
English-speaking milieu within the school and other technological instructions,
including British Council’s programs in recent years, such as partner school with U.K..

JOURNAL II

Bilingual learning provides great benefits for learners in understanding teaching

materials in two languages and helps them face the challenges of the world of work in
the future. Bilingual learning is increasingly becoming a concern and developed in the
world of education, so educators need to understand deeply and implement
appropriately so that every learning process can take place effectively and efficiently by
utilizing both languages used (Noge, 2018). Bilingual learning is held in every subject at
all levels of education, one of which is primary school. Elementary school education
functions in providing basic provisions for the development of both personal and
community life, as well as preparing students to take education at a higher level
(Sulkifli, 2021).
So that elementary school students need to develop confidence that they have the ability
and potential to receive various new knowledge or skills during education in
elementary school

Self-efficacy is a key factor for the success of elementary school students, because
self-efficacy influences the choices made by students and the actions they take. So that
students have confidence that they can successfully reach the specified level on
academic tasks or achieve specific academic goals (Sharma and Nasa, 2014). Self-
efficacy is important for a student because it is closely related to student learning speed,
cognitive participation, analytical thinking skills, susceptibility to positive or negative
emotions, and academic strategies used while learning (Linnenbrink and Pintrich,
2003). Students who have high self-efficacy are more successful in performing complex
tasks, problem solving, acting in the face of obstacles, as well as influencing thought
processes that increase or decrease student achievement (Maier &; Curtin, 2005).

The learning process using the bilingual method in the experimental group was
carried out by integrating two languages, namely foreign languages and mother
tongues, in each learning activity. This method aims to improve students' foreign
language skills while still maintaining their mother tongue skills. In addition, bilingual
learning methods are also designed to strengthen students' cognitive aspects and
sharpen their focus on the context being studied

The bilingual learning method can affect the self-efficacy of elementary school
students because in this method, students are given the opportunity to learn in two or
more languages. Elementary school students who learn using bilingual learning
methods will be exposed to material taught in Indonesian and English. This bilingual
learning process can help students acquire better language skills, increase confidence in

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using English, and open opportunities for students to learn about different cultures and
customs.Students who learn with bilingual learning methods are reported to have
higher self-efficacy compared to students who learn with conventional methods. This
can be because students who learn by bilingual methods are faced with new challenges
that can strengthen their belief in their ability to cope and solve problems in different
languages. In addition, bilingual learning methods can also affect student learning
motivation, because material taught in two or more languages can make learning more
interesting and motivate students to study harder. All of these factors can contribute to
an increase in student self-efficacy

B. Advantages and disadvantages of journals

A. ADVANTAGES OF JOURNAL I
1. The problem expressed in the journal is quite clear, namely about the flow of
progressivism towards the curriculum in Indonesia
2. The explanation in the abstract is clearly explained that this journal discusses the
curriculum and the flow of progressivism
3. Ideas / issues in journals are quite relevant and important to know how the
curriculum in Indonesia and the flow of progressivism
4. The exposure of the issues discussed in the article is very detailed

B. DISADVANTAGES OF JOURNAL I
1. The use of some words that are quite difficult to understand
2. Lack of expert opinion on some matters

C. ADVANTAGES OF JOURNAL II
1. There is in-depth research on existing problems
2. The problem presented in the journal is quite clear, namely about the concept of
independent learning from the perspective of progressivism
3. The exposure of the issues discussed in the article is very detailed

D. DISADVANTAGES OF JOURNAL II
1. Less use of expert opinion in some ways
2. The use of discussion that is quite difficult to understand

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CHAPTER V

COVER

A. Conclusion
Two of the driven motivations are the prestige of having a bilingual education or
national plus titles, thus, driving away the real essence of what the aims of bilingual
education are, and the marketing reason to keep the schools survive in the tight
competition. Indonesian language, in accordance with the portion of the target language,
i.e. English, to be taught in the school subjects. In advent of the socalled competency-
based curriculum (CBC), which was reported in early 2006 to be possibly revised as the
2006 Curriculum, it would be wise to provide more understanding on language learning
strategies, one of which is by applying bilingual programs to enhance the understanding
of students, who experience barriers to use L2 to express their ideas in L1, especially in
the multilingual society of Indonesia. Bilingual learning is held in every subject at all
levels of education, one of which is primary school. Elementary school education
functions in providing basic provisions for the development of both personal and
community life, as well as preparing students to take education at a higher level
(Sulkifli, 2021). Self-efficacy influences the choices made by students and the actions they
take. So that students have confidence that they can successfully reach the specified level on
academic tasks or achieve specific academic goals (Sharma and Nasa, 2014). ). Students
who have high self-efficacy are more successful in performing complex tasks, problem
solving, acting in the face of obstacles, as well as influencing thought processes that
increase or decrease student achievement (Maier &; Curtin, 2005).

This journal article on CJR is very good to be used as teaching material or even
just to add knowledge because of the many advantages in both articles

B. Advice
Reduce the use of some words that are difficult to understand

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Desiane Nareswari, E. ., Wulandari, P. Y. ., & Fardana N, N. A. . (2023).

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Pengaruh Metode Pembelajaran Bilingual terhadap Self-Efficacy
Siswa Sekolah Dasar. Jurnal Pendidikan Tambusai, 7(1), 1592–1596.
https://doi.org/10.31004/jptam.v7i1.6023

Santoso, T. (2006). The benefits of bilingual education and its applications

in Indonesia. Jurnal Pendidikan Penabur, 5(6), 42-45.

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