SURFACE OBSERVATION FORM:
COLUMN 14 “VISIBILITY” (VV)
COLUMN 9 “YEAR”
- FOR DAYTIME = 0.1 TO 15
- INPUT LAST TWO DIGIT OF PRESENT YEAR.
- FOR NIGHT TIME = 0.1 TO 08
- EX: 2022 = 22
- SPECIAL CASE FOR NIGHT TIME = 0.1
TO 10 @5:00 AM ONLY
COLUMN 10 “MONTH”
- PRESENT MONTH NOTE: AVERGAE VISIBILITY IF OTHER
- EX: JAN = 01 DIRECTIONS ARE NOT VISIBLE
FEB = 02
MAR = 03 AND SO ON….
COLUMN 11 “DAY” COLUMN 15 “SUMMATION IN TOTAL” (N)
- PRESENT DAY - NO. OF OCTAS COVERED BY CLOUDS
- EX: = 01 - IF (h) = 4 : 1 TO 8
= 02 - IF (h) = / : 9 (UNDEFINED)
= 03 AND SO ON….
COLUMN 12 “HOUR” (GG)
COLUMN 16 “DIRECTION” (ddd)
UTC TIME REMARKS
00 08:00 MAIN OBSERVATION DIRECTION COD DIRECTION CODE
AM E
01 09:00 CALM 000 SSW 200
AM NNE 020 SW 220
02 10:00 NE 040 WSW 250
AM ENE 070 W 270
03 11:00 INTERMEDIATE OBSERVATION E 90 WNW 290
AM ESE 110 NW 320
04 12:00 SE 140 WNN 340
AM SSE 160 N 360
05 01:00 PM S 180
06 02:00 PM MAIN OBSERVATION
07 03:00 PM
08 04:00 PM
COLUMN 17 “SPEED” (fff)
09 05:00 PM INTERMEDIATE OBSERVATION
- FROM INSTRUMENT
10 06:00 PM
- EX. READING = 1m/s
11 07:00 PM
CODE = 001
12 08:00 PM MAIN OBSERVATION
13 09:00 PM
14 10:00 PM
15 11:00 PM INTERMEDIATE OBSERVATION COLUMN 18 “DRY BULB” (TTT)
16 12:00 - REFER TO TABLE
AM - REMOVE DECIMAL POINT
17 01:00 - EX: READING = 17.4 ◦C
AM CODE = 174
18 02:00 MAIN OBSERVATION
AM COLUMN 19 “WET BULB”
19 03:00 - REFER TO TABLE
AM - REMOVE DECIMAL POINT
20 04:00 - EX: READING = 16.8 ◦C
AM
CODE = 168
21 05:00 INTERMEDIATE OBSERVATION
AM
22 06:00
AM COLUMN 20 “DEW POINT” (TdTdTd)
23 07:00 - REFER TO TABLE
AM - EX: READING = 170
NOTE: MAIN OBSERVATION – PAST 6 HOURS CODE = 170
INTERMEDIATE OBSERVATION – PAST 3 HOURS
COLUMN 13 “HT OF LOWEST LAYER” (h) COLUMN 21 “RELATIVE HUMIDITY”
- IF VISIBILITY ≥ 1KM = 4 - REFER TO TABLE
- IF VISIBILITY < 1KM = / - EX: READING = 96
CODE = 96
COLUMN 22 “STATION PRESSURE”
- REFER TO INSTRUMENT
(6RRRtR): (INTERMEDIATE OBSERVATION ONLY)
- LAST THREE (3) DIGITS
- RRR = COLUMN 28
- EX: READING = 851.9
EX: RRR = 1005 CODE = 101
- CODE = 519
RRR = 0102 CODE = 010
333i7i8:
RRR = 0125 CODE = 013
- i7:
RRR = 0009 CODE = 999
FOR 8:00 AM:
RRR = 9999 CODE = 990
=1 ; IF W/ RAINFALL IN
PAST 24 HRS
=0 ; IF NO RAINFALL IN
PAST 24 HRS - tR = 7
REST OF OBS:
=0
- i8 = NUMBER OF CLOUDS TO BE DECLARED 58P24P24P24: IF COLUMN 52 IS POSITIVE (+)
- P24P24P24 = COLUMN 52
59P24P24P24: IF COLUMN 52 IS NEGATIVE (-)
10TxTx: - AT EVERY 8:00 AM - P24P24P24 = COLUMN 52
WHERE: Tx = MAX TEMPERATURE 7R24R24R24R24: TO BE FILLED UP ON 8:00AM
ONLY
20TnTnTn: - ATEVERY 8:00 AM - R24R24R24R24: SUMMATION OF COLUMN
WHERE: Tn = MIN TEMPERATURE 28
(8NsChshs):
5EE2Ie: - Ns = AMOUNT OF CLOUDS FOR EACH LAYER
- E=0 - Chs = REFER TO TABLE
- E2 = TOTAL EVAPORATION DURING THE - hs = REFER TO TABLE
PAST 24HRS ENDING AT 0000H OF DATE.
- EX: READING = 2.8 CODE = 28
Ie = 0 444 OR 555: (AT 8:00AM ONLY)
- ALWAYS “555” IF W/ RAINFALL – PAST 6
HRS FROM 8:00 AM
555 SSS: UE24E24E24E24 = N/A
= FOR
- SSS = “HOURS” FROM SUNSHINE TABLE
- EX: HOURS = 1.5 CODE = 015 2R06R06R06R06 = 8 AM ONLY
= TOTAL FOR PAST 6 HRS
56 DL DM DH:
- DL = DIRECTION OF LOW CLOUDS CODING:
= 9 ; IF UNKNOWN DIRECTION YYGGiw:
= REFER TO DIAGRAM BELOW - YY = COLUMN 11
- GG = COLUMN 12
- DM = DIRECTION OF MIDDLE CLOUDS - Iw = 1
= 9 ; IF UNKNOWN DIRECTION
= 0 ; IF NO MIDDLE CLOUD
= REFER TO DIAGRAM BELOW Iiii:
- DH = DIRECTION OF HIGH CLOUDS - 98328
= 9 ; IF UNKNOWN DIRECTION
= 0 ; IF NO MIDDLE CLOUD
= REFER TO DIAGRAM BELOW
IRixHvv:
- Ir:
FOR 8:00 AM:
=1
=3
=1 ; FOR OTHER MAIN OBS
REST OF OBSERVATION: 7wwW1W2:
- ww = COLUMN 30
=1
- W1W2 = COLUMN 31
=2
=3
8NhCLCMCH:
=4 - Nh = COLUMN 32
- CL = LAST DIGIT FOR TYPE OF LOW CLOUD
EX: C = 15 CODE = 5
- Ix = 1 EX: C = 12 CODE = 2
- h = COLUMN 13
- VV = COLUMN 14 NOTE: FOR MORE THAN 2 LAYERS OF LOW
CLOUD, CHOOSE W/ LARGER AMOUNT.
FOR VV = 6 TO 15, ADD 50: - CM = LAST DIGIT FOR TYPE OF MIDDLE
EX1: VV = 6 CODE = 56 CLOUD
VV = 13 CODE = 63
EX: C = 23 CODE = 3
FOR VV < 6: EX: C = 27 CODE = 7
VV = 5 CODE = 50
NOTE: FOR MORE THAN 2 LAYERS OF
VV = 4 CODE = 40
MIDDLE CLOUD, CHOOSE W/ LARGER
VV = 3 CODE = 30
AMOUNT.
VV = 2 CODE = 20
VV = 1 CODE = 10 - CH = LAST DIGIT FOR TYPE OF HIGH CLOUD
VV = 0.1 CODE = 01 EX: C = 31 CODE = 1
VV = 0.2 CODE = 02 EX: C = 38 CODE = 8
NOTE: FOR MORE THAN 2 LAYERS OF HIGH
Nddff: CLOUD, CHOOSE W/ LARGER AMOUNT.
- N = COLUMN 15
- dd = FIRST TWO DIGITS FROM COLUMN 16
EX: ddd = 160 CODE = 16 COLUMN 23 “MSL PRESSURE” (PPPP)
[ ][
- ff = LAST TWO DIGITS FROM COLUMN 17 DRY BULB ( NOW ) + DRY BULB (12 HRS AGO ) 9
EX: fff = 002 CODE = 02 2 5
= ANSWER (ROUND OFF)
10TTT + TTT = COLUMN 18 - WHERE MVT:
DEW MVT DEW MVT
POINT POINT
20TdTdTd: 8 8.4 17 11.1
- TdTdTd = COLUMN 20 9 8.7 18 11.4
3PoPoPo: 10 9.0 19 11.7
- PoPoPo = COLUMN 22 11 9.1 20 12.0
4PPPP: 12 9.4 21 12.1
- PPP = COLUMN 23 13 9.7 22 12.4
5appp: 14 10.0 23 12.7
- a = COLUMN 24 15 10.4 24 13.0
- ppp = COLUMN 25 16 10.7
6RRRtR: (MAIN OBSERVATION ONLY)
- RRR = COLUMN 28 - WRITE ANSWER ON THE RIGHT SIDE
EX: RRR = 1005 CODE = 101 (USUALLY 71 TO 85).
RRR = 0102 CODE = 010
RRR = 0125 CODE = 013
RRR = 0008 CODE = 998
RRR = 0009 CODE = 999
RRR = 9999 CODE = 990
- tR = 4 ; FOR 8:00 AM
MSL PRESSURE = MVT(F) X STATION PRESSURE
- WHERE MVT(F):
ANS MVTF AN MVTF ANS MVT ANS MVTF
S F
50 1.1954 60 70 80
51 1.1949 61 71 81
52 1. 62 72 82
53 63 73 83
54 64 74 84
55 65 75 85
56 66 76 86
57 67 77 87
58 68 78 88
59 69 79 89
