Joyce Travelbee

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JOYCE TRAVELBEE

1966 -1971
Human to Human Relation/ interpersonal Aspects of Nursing
Model
She postulated the “Interpersonal Aspects of Nursing
Model”.
= she advocated that the goal of nursing is to assist individual
or family in preventing or coping with illness, regaining health,
finding meaning to illness or maintaining maximal degree of
health.
= she further viewed that interpersonal process is a
therapeutic human – to – human relationship formed during
illness and experience of suffering. she believed that a person
is a unique irreplaceable individual who is in continuous process
of becoming , evolving and changing.
= Nurses and patients go through several stages to achieve the
emotional knowledge goal of established nurse-patient
relationship.
= each stage has certain tasks and healthy development of the
relationship is accomplished by mastering this task;
1. Phase of the original encounter ----- emotional knowledge
colors impressions and perceptions of both nurse and patient
during initial encounter. the task is “to break the bond of
categorization in order to perceive the human being in the
patient”.
= when nurses provide care to clients from a background other
than their own, they must be aware of and sensitive to the
other sociocultural background, assess and listen carefully
to health and illness beliefs and practices, and respect
and not challenge cultural, ethnic, or religious values and
health care beliefs. The nursing process enables to
provide individualized care.
2. Phase of emerging identities ----- Both nurse and patient
begin to transcend their respective roles and perceive
uniqueness in each other. Tasks include separating
oneself and one’s experiences from others and avoiding
“using oneself as yardstick “by which to evaluate others.
= Barriers to such tasks may be due to role envy, lack of interest
in others, inability to transcend the self, or refusal to
initiate emotional investment.
3. Phase of empathy --- this phase involves sharing another’s
psychological state but standing apart and not sharing
feelings.
= it is characterized by the ability to predict the behavior of
another.
4. Phase of sympathy ------ sharing, feeling and experiencing
what others are feeling and experiencing is accomplished.
this phase demonstrate emotional involvement and discredits
objectivity as dehumanizing.
= the task of the nurse is to translate sympathy into helpful
nursing actions.
5. Phase of rapport ----- all previous phases culminate into
rapport, , defined as all experiences , thought and feelings
and attitudes that both nurse and patient undergo and are
able to perceive, share and communicate.

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