This document provides a vocabulary and grammar review for a final test on the Green Movement. It includes a list of 30 vocabulary words related to environmental topics like renewable energy, pollution, and sustainability. It also includes 3 practice sections testing pronunciation of key sounds, word stress patterns, and choosing the correct words to complete sentences on related topics. The goal of the document is to help students prepare for a test on vocabulary, grammar and concepts covered in Unit 3 of the course.
This document provides a vocabulary and grammar review for a final test on the Green Movement. It includes a list of 30 vocabulary words related to environmental topics like renewable energy, pollution, and sustainability. It also includes 3 practice sections testing pronunciation of key sounds, word stress patterns, and choosing the correct words to complete sentences on related topics. The goal of the document is to help students prepare for a test on vocabulary, grammar and concepts covered in Unit 3 of the course.
Original Title
anh 12 REVISION FOR THE FINAL TEST OF THE FIRST SEMESTER
This document provides a vocabulary and grammar review for a final test on the Green Movement. It includes a list of 30 vocabulary words related to environmental topics like renewable energy, pollution, and sustainability. It also includes 3 practice sections testing pronunciation of key sounds, word stress patterns, and choosing the correct words to complete sentences on related topics. The goal of the document is to help students prepare for a test on vocabulary, grammar and concepts covered in Unit 3 of the course.
This document provides a vocabulary and grammar review for a final test on the Green Movement. It includes a list of 30 vocabulary words related to environmental topics like renewable energy, pollution, and sustainability. It also includes 3 practice sections testing pronunciation of key sounds, word stress patterns, and choosing the correct words to complete sentences on related topics. The goal of the document is to help students prepare for a test on vocabulary, grammar and concepts covered in Unit 3 of the course.
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REVISION FOR THE FINAL TEST OF THE FIRST SEMESTER
Unit 3. THE GREEN MOVEMENT
PART 1: VOCABULARY AND GRAMMAR REVIEW A. VOCABULARY • raise something (to something): tăng cái gì lên bao nhiêu • effect (on somebody/something): ảnh hưởng đến cái gì • come into effect = take effect: có hiệu lực • accomplish /ə'kʌmplɪʃ/: = achieve, execute: đạt được • evaluate /ɪ'væljueɪt/: = assess, judge, appraise: đánh giá • assess something at something: đánh giá ở mức nào Ex: Damage to the building was assessed at £40,000. • assess somebody/ something as something: đánh giá ai như là Ex: The young men were assessed as either safe or unsafe drivers. • release /rɪ'li:s/: thải ra • release somebody/ something from something: giải thoát cho ai, gì khỏi cái gì Ex: Firefighters took two hours to release the driver from the wreckage. • add something to something: thêm cái gì vào đâu Ex: A new wing was added to the building • absorb something into something = take in: hấp thụ vào đâu Ex: The cream is easily absorbed into the skin. • reabsorption: sự tái hấp thụ • supplant /sə'plɑ:nt/ (v): = replace: thay thế • convert something (into something): chuyển đổi cái gì thành • insulate something (from/ against something): cách nhiệt khỏi... Ex: Home owners are being encouraged to insulate their homes to save energy. • hazard /'hæzəd/: = jeopardy, perilousness: nguy hiểm • hazard (to somebody/ something): nguy hiểm cho ai, gì • hazard (of something/ of doing something): nguy hiểm khi làm gì Ex: Everybody is aware of the hazards of smoking. • expand /ɪk'spænd/: mở rộng (diện tích, độ lớn...): tăng số lượng • extend /ɪk'stend/: kéo dài (thời gian...), kéo dãn • to extend the hand of friendship: cố gắng duy trì mối quan hệ tốt với... • to filter out dust particles/ light/ impurities: lọc ra ... • shelter (from something): nơi trú ẩn khỏi cái gì Ex: People were desperately seeking shelter from the gunfire. • risk (of something/ of doing something): nguy cơ Ex: Smoking can increase the risk of developing heart disease • sustainable /sə'steɪnəbl/ (adj): = steady, persistent: bền vững • agglomeration /əˌɡlɒmə'reɪʃn/: = accumulation: sự kết tụ Ex: The suburb is an agglomeration of houses, shops, and offices. • accelerate /ək'seləreɪt/ (v): = speed up, gain momentum: tăng tốc • composition /ˌkɒmpə'zɪʃn/: = constitution, configuration: thành phần • disturb /dɪ'stɜ:b/ (v): = distract, interrupt: làm phiền PART 2: PRACTICE A. PHONETICS I. Find the word which has a different sound in the part underlined. 1. A. illegal B. climatic C. benefit D. bioclimatic 2. A. researcher B. energy C. number D. death 3. A. arrested B. estimated C. claimed D. penetrated 4. A. revolution B. election C. interrogation D. question 5. A. rehear B. appear C. realize D. peace II. Choose the word which has a different stress pattern from the others. 1. A. attitude B. infamously C. geneticist D. socialist 2. A. preference B. attraction C. advantage D. infinitive 3. A. interview B. essential C. comfortable D. industry 4. A. situation B. interrogation C. detention D. coalition 5. A. difficult B. simplicity C. discovery D. commodity B. VOCABULARY AND GRAMMAR I. Choose the correct words in the box to complete the sentences. percentages nuclear survival derived hydrogen energy Contaminants improve 1. Solar technology has also emerged for the clean and renewable production of _________________________ as an alternative energy source. 2. The sun is a powerful ____________________ source, and this energy source can be harnessed by installing solar panels. 3. _______________________ are subsequently removed by harvesting the above-ground shoot biomass for volume reduction and storage. 4. It is not only about looking better though, Green cities are also trying to _________________________ the efficiency of cities and raise the standard of living for people who stay in them. 5. It was more surprising that many of the respondents also had not recently heard or read about hydrogen cars, wind energy or ____________________ energy. 6. The numbers on a bag of fertilizer tell you the ____________________ of available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium found in the bag. 7. Pollution poses health hazards, endangers wild life and makes the planet unsafe for future human ______________________. 8. The term "plastic" is ____________________ from the Greek word "plastikos", meaning fit for moulding. II. Give the correct form of the words in the following sentences. 1. Rooftop gardens prevent buildings from absorbing heat from the sun, which can _______________________ reduce cooling bills. SIGNIFICANT 2. Solar radiation can be ____________________ either into thermal energy (heat) or into electrical energy, though the former is easier to accomplish. CONVERSION 3. The doctor said the vitamin would ____________________ my calcium deficiency. REPLENISHING 4. Nick left the house and strolled down the ____________________ to the garden. PATH 5. If we continue to ____________________ our natural resources, our children will pay the price. DEPLETATION 6. Do you know the oldest type of ____________________ energy is the biomass that is derived from plant matter? SUSTAIN 7. When hiking in the wilderness, it is important to properly ____________________ of anything you can't pack out. DISPOSABLE 8. We buy ____________________ food at the farmers' market. It costs a little bit more, but we think it's better for our health. ORGAN 9. Jane Goodall studied chimpanzees for many years in their native ___________________________ in Africa. HABITATION 10. ____________________ is the protection of things found in nature. CONSERVE III. Complete each of the following sentences with a suitable preposition. 1. Hazardous gases refer to all kinds ____________________ gas that can be potential harmful to humans in certain concentrations. 2. The ship's refrigeration and air conditioning plants are designed _______________________ achieve no ozone depletion. 3. Nuclear waste can cause serious damage to the environment if not disposed ___________________ properly. 4. In the UK, poor air quality is responsible ____________________ some 40,000 deaths each year. 5. The government team ____________________ charge of promoting energy conservation has no campaign budget and with three members to handle the issue nationwide, are short of staff. 6. Biomass typically refers ____________________ biofuels that are obtained through biological processes such as agriculture and anaerobic digestion. 7. Everyday, the world produces carbon dioxide that is released to the earths atmosphere and which will still be there ____________________ one hundred years time. 8. Mankind has been crazy to have not bothered ____________________ harness the sun's energy until now. 9. Business can now take advantage ______________________ different suppliers of both gas and electricity and shop for the most economical. 10. _____________ a gut level, many people already grasp the key difference between fossil fuels and renewable energy. Unit 4. THE MASS MEDIA PART 1: VOCABULARY AND GRAMMAR REVIEW A. VOCABULARY • addicted /əˈdɪktɪd/ (a): nghiện • advent /ˈædvent/ (n): sự đến/ tới sự kiện quan trọng • app ( = application) /ˌæplɪˈkeɪʃn/ (n): ứng dụng • attitude /ˈætɪtjuːd/(n): thái độ, quan điểm • connect /kəˈnekt/(v): kết nối •cyberbullying /ˈsaɪbəbʊliɪŋ/(n): khủng bố qua mạng Internet • documentary /ˌdɒkjuˈmentri/(n): phim tài liệu • dominant /ˈdɒmɪnənt/(a): thống trị, có ưu thế hơn • drama /ˈdrɑːmə/(n): kịch, tuồng • efficient /ɪˈfɪʃnt/ (a): có hiệu quả • emerge /iˈmɜːdʒ/ (v): vượt trội, nổi bật, nổi lên • fivefold /ˈfaɪvfəʊld/ (adj, adv): gấp 5 lần • GPS ( Global Positioning System): hệ thống định vị toàn cầu • leaflet /ˈliːflət/ (n): tờ rơi, tờ in rời • mass /mæs/(n): số nhiều, số đông, đại chúng • media /ˈmiːdiə/ (n): ( số nhiều của medium) phương tiện • microblogging /ˈmaɪkrəʊblɒɡɪŋ/(n): việc (cá nhân) thường xuyên gửi các tin nhắn/ hình ảnh/ video lên mạng xã hội để cộng đồng mạng biết được các hoạt động của người đăng tin • pie chart /ˈpaɪ tʃɑːt/: biểu đồ tròn • social networking /ˌsəʊʃl ˈnetwɜːkɪŋ/: mạng xã hội • subscribe /səbˈskraɪb/(v): đặt mua dài hạn • tablet PC /ˌtæblət ˌpiː ˈsiː/: máy tính bảng • the mass media: truyền thông đại chúng • tie in /taɪ/(v): gắn với • website /ˈwebsaɪt/ (n): vị trí web, điểm mạng, cổng thông tin điện tử PART 2: PRACTICE A. PHONETICS I. Find the word which has a different sound in the part underlined. 1. A approved B. answered C. passed D. uttered 2. A. doubted B. wedded C. connected D. passed 3. A. managed B. laughed C. captured D. signed 4. A. washed B. exchanged C. experienced D. mixed 5. A. filled B. added C. started D. intended 6. A. wanted B. booked C. stopped D. laughed 7. A. booked B. watched C. jogged D. developed 8. A. kneeled B. bowed C. implied D. compressed 9. A. bottled B. explained C. trapped D. betrayed 10. A. laughed B. stamped C. booked D. contented II. Choose the word which has a different stress pattern from the others. 1. A. headache B. present C. nation D. planet 2. A. playwright B. active C. global D. tonight 3. A. advent B. emerge C. prevent D. event 4. A. efficiency B. society C. documentary D. proficiency 5. A. painting B. visit C. portrait D. enough 6. A. canteen B. children C. lengthen D. nothing 7. A. appropriate B. documentary C. entertainment D. confirmation 8. A. dominant B. Internet C. attitude D. entertain 9. A. efficient B. digital C. networking D. privacy 10. A. transmitted B. taken C. delivered D. produced B. VOCABUALRY AND GRAMMAR I. Complete the following sentences with "for" or "since", and the correct form of fife verb in brackets. 1. I __________________________ (not have) time to finish my work ______________________ Sunday. 2. Nobody ______________________ (write) to Norma ______________________ she left university. 3. She _______________________ (eat) the same food _____________________ three days. 4. I ____________________ (not play) tennis ____________________ a year now. 5. I don't think I ____________________ (see) you ____________________ 2003. 6. It ____________________ (not rain) here ______________________ last June. 7. We _____________________ (live) in this house ____________________ it was finished. 8. My father ____________________ (not listen) to me ____________________ I failed the entrance exam to university. 9. They ____________________ (not study) ____________________ Tet holidays. 10. Mum _____________________ (be) to America ___________________ three weeks. II. Choose the right alternative. 1. I washed/ have washed my hands so that I can help you with the cooking. 2. She arrived/ has arrived at Kennedy Airport at 2 o'clock this morning. 3. The Pharaohs ruled/ has ruled Egypt for thousands of years. 4. I found/ have found the letter you looked/ were looking for. Here it is. 5. They grew/ have grown such a lot since we last saw, has seen them. 6. We recently started/ have recently started to walk to work instead of taking the bus. 7. When I was younger I played/ had played badminton for my local team. 8. I have had/ am having the pains for three weeks now. 9. So far it was has been so cold that we stayed/ have stayed in the house all day. 10. The last time I went/ have gone to Brighton is/ was in August. 11. Don't disturb Amy. She just went/ has just gone to sleep. 12. Bill phones/ is phoning his girlfriend again. That's the third time he phoned/ has phoned her this evening. 13. Since the eruption started/ has started all the villages on the slopes of the volcano have evacuated/ have been evacuated. 14. House prices increased/ have increased dramatically in recent years. 15. Jim decided/ has decided to continue the course, even though it is proved/ was proving very difficult. III. Choose the correct word in the bracket to complete the sentences. shoot show censor broadcast edit scan print receive publish refer download 1. The term the mass media in English ____________________ basically to TV, radio and newspapers. 2. The BBC World Service ______________________throughout the world. 3. A short wave or a VHF radio can ______________________ many interesting stations. 4. They're ____________________ a good film on TV tonight. 5. I _____________________ a good program from the Internet the other day. Would you like a copy? 6. This book was ____________________ by CUP and it was ____________________ in Cambridge. 7. This article has been badly ____________________. 8. The film was ____________________ in Spain. 9. They ______________________ the film before showing it on TV. 10. I _____________________ some photos I'd taken, so that I could send them to a friend in Australia. IV. Use the word given in capitals at the end of each line to form a word that fits in the gap in the same line. 1. That morning, I spent maybe 40 minutes ____________________ over the horror of the shooting and a million other things the newspapers had to tell me. PORE 2. We have spent much of the past few years discovering that the digitization of news is ruining how we ____________________ process information. COLLECT 3. Most newspapers are businesses, and they pay their expenses with a mixture of subscription revenue, newsstand sales, and ____________________ revenue. ADVERTISE 4. Sweet people turn nasty at the ____________________ of a hat on FB; it's stunning how fast they turn: like a hungry Rottweiler being teased with a piece of red meat. DROPPING 5. With ____________________ to the above paragraph about nasty FBers, a recent study said that FB makes us "feel badly about ourselves", "makes us envious", "makes us sad" and “is a tedious distraction”. 6. Social networks and the analysis of them is an inherently interdisciplinary academic field which ____________________ from social psychology, sociology, statistics, and graph theory. EMERGE 7. The first commercial automated cellular network was ____________________ in Japan by Nippon Telegraph and Telephone in 1979. LAUNCH 8. Like many nonprofits, we use Facebook to connect with our audiences, and they use Facebook to stay in ____________________ with us. TOUCHING 9. During that time, we've grown ____________________ as an organization - adding staff positions, increasing programming. SIGNIFICANT 10. Some video clips and images shared by your friend may make you laugh and your brain gets some ____________________. RELAX V. Indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions. 1. Media plays a significant role in keeping everyone updated about the various events around the world. A. informed B. disinterested C. indifferent D. reluctant 2. Today, we can check out the latest news and current affairs with just few clicks of mouse or by simply switching on the radio or television A. matters B. meetings C. affections D. approval 3. The main purpose of media is to disseminate the information and knowledge. A. restrict B. spread C. conceal D. make it off the record 4. Cyber-bullying is commonplace online, causes emotional trauma, and sometimes even leads to suicide. A. stimulation B. motivation C. disorder D. excitement 5. The Internet is a treasure trove of information, which offers knowledge on any given topic under the sun. A. sparsely B. scarcely C. abundantly D. undoubtedly 6. The webs update news about the latest breakthroughs in the field of medicine, technology, and other domains of science. A. setbacks B. demerits C. hindrances D. headways 7. Finding the latest updates about celebrities and exploring lifestyle websites have become day-to-day activities of many Internet consumers. A. abnormal B. extraordinary C. exceptional D. habitual 8. These days, online gaming has tasted dramatic and phenomenal success because of its ever-increasing demand throughout the world. A. usual B. ordinary C. remarkable D. run-of-the-mill 9. Social networking has also evolved as a great medium to connect with like-minded Individuals and become a part of interesting groups and communities. A. having similar ideas and interests B. having indifferent behaviors C. having habits in common D. having similar mental disorders 10. Children addicted to computers are being sent on camping holidays designed to help them kick the habit. A. dependent on B. hooked on C. indifferent to D. exhausted by VI. Indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions. 1. Excessive amounts of time at a computer can contribute to obesity, undeveloped social skills and a form of addictive behavior. A. over the top B. a bit much C. unrestrained D. limited 2. The Internet has become an indispensable business tool, which has helped bring the world closer. A. fundamental B. vital C. dispensable D. significant 3. Newspapers enjoyed the position of the most preferred medium to reach a wider audience until electronic communication emerged on the media scene. A. turned up B. came into view C. came out D. disappeared 4. For many teens, texting is the dominant way that they communicate on a day-to-day basis with their friends. A. secondary B. principal C. leading D. outstanding 5. Duolingo helps you learn multiple languages simultaneously at no extra charge. A. concurrently B. together C. at the same time D. singly 6. These days more and more children are experiencing a stressful and miserable adolescence due to bullying. A. sorrowful B. depressed C. contented D. tragic 7. Studies show that bullying can greatly impact a child's life and have long-lasting negative effects. A. durable B. short-lived C. permanent D. lifelong 8. Until recently, many teachers and school officials turned a blind eye to bullying, believing that the students would eventually sort it out by themselves. A. became attentive to B. paid no attention to C. seemed ignorant of to D. took no interest in 9. Some people with large enough fans bases can earn a very wealthy living by uploading a few videos every week. A. impoverished B. well off C. rolling in money D. well-to-do 10. Face-to-face socializing is not as preferred as virtual socializing among the youth. A. facing B. eyeball to eyeball C. indirect D. direct VII. Choose the best answer A, B, C or D to complete the sentences. 1. Have you any comment to ____ about the cause of the disaster? A. make B. complain C. show D. demonstrate 2. Any event attended by the actor received ____ media coverage. A. big B. large C. widespread D. much 3. The ____ of 4, 5 and 9 is 6. A. total B. sum C. amount D. average 4. We thought she was arrogant ____ in fact she was just very shy. A. whereas B. although C. despite D. provided 5. Are you ____ trouble again? A. doing B. causing C. creating D. bringing 6. The sword was presented by the family ____ the museum. A. for B. onto C. to D. with 7. The truth of this statement has been effectively ____ in Chapter 1. A. demonstrated B. pronounced C. declared D. published 8. Their music still enjoys widespread ____ among teenagers. A. popular B. popularity C. public D. publicity 9. As far as I'm ____ nobody has done anything about it. A. know B. aware C. hope D. awake 10. Focusing upon human curiosity is an ingenious idea that would ____ to the creation and launch of Quota in June, 2009. A. direct B. go C. lead D. aim 11. The app - WhatsApp - relies ____ the Internet to send images, texts, documents audio and video messages to other users that have the app installed on their devices. A. on B. at C. in D. with 12. The lessons provided by Duolingo are designed to increase in difficulty as the user ____. A. continues B. moves forward C. progresses D. goes forward 13. With Anki App, users can ____ themselves through quickly sessions, often lasting one minute or less, in order to test their knowledge of Japanese. A. challenge B. compete C. stop D. doubt 14. The commission is calling for a global ban ____ whaling. A. in B. on C. with D. for 15. I haven't seen Gary ____ a long time. Who is he? A. in B. for C. since D. at 16. It's ages ____ I last ate Italian food. A. for B. when C. while D. since 17. I've written to Helen ____. A. last week B. yet C. recently D. nowadays 18. What have you been doing ____? A. today B. yesterday C. far so D. all ready 19. I had dinner with Sue ____. A. last night B. already C. so far D. lately 20. Twitter is a micro-blogging ____ that allows users to post brief, 140 character messages - called "tweets" – and follow other users' activities. A. device B. appliance C. instrument D. tool 21. After you ____, it automatically connects you to all the people in your address book who also are using WhatsApp. A. log out B. sign up C. start D. access 22. Similar to the way they use Facebook, teens may ____ the "success" of their photos - even their self-worth - by the number of likes or comments they receive. A. value B. indicate C. weigh D. measure 23. This social network - LinkedIn-basically lets you ____ with people in a professional way. A. join B. connect C. relate D. associate 24. Tom hasn't been here ____ you came here together. A. for B. when C. since D. as 25. Harry ____ look well since he on a diet. A. doesn't - went B. didn't go C. hasn't - went D. hasn't - has gone 26. I can't give you the report I ____ for today because I ____. A. promise - don't finish B. promised - didn't finish C. have promised - didn't finish D. have promised - haven't finished 27. I'm sorry about not coming last week. I ____ a cold and so I ____ at home. A. have - stay B. had - stayed C. have had - stayed D. have/ have stayed 28. Wait a minute. I ____ an idea. Let's go and see Roger. We last ____ him a long time ago. A. had - saw B. have - saw C. have - see D. have - had seen 29. It's nice to be back here, in London. It's the second time I ____ here. A. am coming B. have come C. come D. came 30. I'm phoning about your advertisement for a bicycle for sale, which ____ in the local paper. ____it? Or is it still available? A. Saw - Have you sold B. have seen - did you sell C. saw - did you sell D. have seen - have you sold Unit 5. CULTURAL IDENTITY PART 1: VOCABULARY AND GRAMMAR REVIEW A. VOCABULARY • assimilate /əˈsɪməleɪt/ (v): đồng hóa • assimilation /əˌsɪməˈleɪʃn/ (n): sự đồng hóa • attire /əˈtaɪə(r)/ (n): quần áo, trang phục • blind man's bluff: trò chơi bịt mắt bắt dê • cultural identity /ˈkʌltʃərəl aɪˈdentəti/: bản sắc văn hóa • cultural practices /ˈkʌltʃərəl ˈpræktɪs/: các hoạt động văn hóa, tập quán văn hóa • custom /ˈkʌstəm/ (n): phong tục, tập quán • diversity /daɪˈvɜːsəti/ (n): tính đa dạng • flock /flɒk/ (v): lũ lượt kéo đến • maintain /meɪnˈteɪn/ (v): bảo vệ, duy trì • martial spirit /ˈmɑːʃl ˈspɪrɪt/ (n.phr): tinh thần thượng võ • multicultural /ˌmʌltiˈkʌltʃərəl/ (a): đa văn hóa • national custome /ˌnæʃnəl ˈkɒstjuːm/: trang phục dân tộc • national pride /ˌnæʃnəl praɪd/: lòng tự hào dân tộc • solidarity /ˌsɒlɪˈdærəti/ (n): sự đoàn kết, tình đoàn kết • unify /ˈjuːnɪfaɪ/ (v): thống nhất • unique /juˈniːk/ (a): độc lập, duy nhất, chỉ có 1 • unite /juˈnaɪt/ (v): đoàn kết • worship /ˈwɜːʃɪp/ (v): tôn kính, thờ cúng PART 2: PRACTICE A. PHONETICS I. Choose a word in each line that has different stress pattern. 1. A. pressure B. whiteboard C. diverse D. present (n) 2. A. drastically B. distinction C. enjoyable D. dependent 3. A. identifier B. multicultural C. agricultural D. international 4. A. notification B. association C. competition D. participation 5. A. demolish B. syllabus C. industrial D. commercial 6. A. achievement B. encourage C. integrate D. tradition 7. A. computer B. socialize C. diversity D. facility II. Find the word which has a different sound in the part underlined. 1. A. housework B. vision C. hospital D. classroom 2. A. diversity B. remind C. unite D. attire 3. A. burden B. curtain C. turtle D. curriculum 4. A. unity B. martial C. practice D. spirit 5. A. responsive B. content C. sector D. sense 6. A. benefit B. narrow-minded C. application D. non-profit 7. A. costume B. custom C. culture D. buff 8. A. evaluation B. facilitator C. guidance D. female B. VOCABULARY AND GRAMMAR I. Give the correct form of the verb in the brackets. 1. I (know) ______________________ him all my life. 2. They (live) ______________________ in that house for two years. 3. My brother (write) ______________________ three books. 4. She (not break) ______________________ her leg yet. 5. She (already break) ______________________ her arm. 6. I (see) ______________________ an elephant several times. 7. She (have) ______________________ that dress for ten years. 8. We (be) ______________________ here for hours! 9. The children (not finish) ______________________ their homework yet. 10. You (ever be) ______________________ to the zoo? 11. I (read) ______________________ that novel by Hemingway several times before. 12. How long you (learn) ______________________ English? 13. We (study) ______________________ almost every lesson in this book so far. 14. I never (eat) ______________________ snake meat. 15. Oh no! Someone (steal) ______________________ my bag. II. Read the situations and complete the sentences. 1. It's raining. The rain started two hours ago. It _____________________ for two hours. 2. We are waiting for the bus. We started waiting for 20 minutes. We __________________ for 20 minutes. 3. I'm learning Spanish. I started classes in December. I __________________ since December. 4. Mary is working in London. She started working there on 18 January. She __________________ since 18 January. 5. Our friends always spend their holidays in Italy. They started going there years ago. They __________________ for years. III. Put the verb into the present continuous. (I am -ing) or present perfect continuous (I have been -ing) 1. ____________________________ (Maria/ learn) English for two years. 2. Hello, Tom ____________________________ (I/ look) for you. Where have you been? 3. Why ____________________________ (you/look) at me like that? Stop it! 4. Linda is a teacher, ____________________________ (she/ teach) for ten years. 5. __________________________ (I/ think) about what you said and I've decided to take your advice. 6. 'Is Paul on holiday this week?' 'No, ____________________________’ (he/ work?) 7. Sarah is very tired ____________________________ (she/ work) very hard recently. VI. The word in brackets at the end of each of the following sentences can be used to form a word that fits suitably in the blank. 1. My sister works hard to ____________________ close friendships with the students she studied with in London. Maintainance 2. A nation's culture resides in the ____________________ and in the soul of its people. (Mahatma Gandhi) Heart 3. A people without the ____________________ of their past history, origin and culture is like a tree without roots. (Marcus garvey) Know 4. Many of the different ____________________ groups in North America speak their own unique language. Aborigin 5. Jane had to ____________________ a great deal of information on the first day of her new job. Assimilation 6. The orchid family of flowers is the largest is the largest, most ____________________ plant family found in nature. Diversity 7. Vietnamese ____________________ of weddings, funerals, holidays and rituals all are attached to village community. Customery 8. The ways a person dresses and behaves in public are distinct examples of ____________________ diversity and belief patterns. Culture