Chapter 1: Introduction

Analog Electronics Design

Chapter 1. Introduction
Minh-Thuy Le
Department of Instrumentation and Industrial Informatic (3I)
School of Electrical Engineering (SEE)
[email protected]

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Course Materials

• Slides at Team.
• Team Name: Electronics Design-20221
• Class code: lbhfkut

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Chapter 1: Outline

1. Introduction
1.1 Data and Signal? Analog and Digital Signal?
1.2 Voltage, Current and Resistance
1.3 Electronic Component Classification
1.4 Examples

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Introduction: Design?

• Some tips for engineer to design an electronic

system for a real application:
– Solution/Debugging
– Business requirement and practical
– Risk-taking
– Communication What does it mean?

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1.1 Data and Signal

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1.1 Signal Representation

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1.1 Signal Representation

• Ex: Signal in Time and Space

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1.1 Analog and Digital Signal

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1.1 Analog and Digital Signal

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1.1 Analog and Digital Signal

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1.1 Analog Signal

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1.1 Simple Analog Signal

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1.1 Simple Analog Signal

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1.1 Simple Analog Signal

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1.1 Simple Analog Signal

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1.1 Composite Analog Signal

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1.1 Analog Signal

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1.1 Digital Signal

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1.1 Digital Signal

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1.1 Analog versus Digital

A basic audio public address system

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CD Player function blocs
General Concepts in Electronics
1.2 Voltage and Current
Two quantities must keep track of in electronic circuits: Voltage and
Current. They are usually changing with time.
1. The voltage associated with a circuit element is the energy
transferred per unit of charge that flows through the element. The
units of voltage are volts (V), which are equivalent to joules per
coulomb (J/C).
V: also called potential difference or electromotive force

2. Electrical current is the time rate of flow of electrical charge

through a conductor or circuit element. The units are amperes
(A), which are equivalent to coulombs per second (C/s).
A Current of 1 amp equals a flow of 1 coulomb of charge per second.
Current in a circuit is considered to flow from a more positive point to a
more negative point, even though the actual electron flow s in the
opposite direction
Currents flow through things; Voltages are applied/appear across things
1.2 Power and Energy
p ( t ) = v ( t )i ( t )
t2

w=  p(t )dt
t1

Conductance
1
G =
R
i = Gv
1.2 Kirchhoff’s current law

• The net current entering a node is zero.

• Alternatively, the sum of the currents entering a

node equals the sum of the currents leaving a
node.
1.2 Kirchhoff’s voltage law

The algebraic sum of the voltages equals zero for

any closed path (loop) in an electrical circuit.
1.2 Components in Analog Electronics
1.3 Electronic Component
Classification
➢ Semiconductor Devices
➢ Passive Devices
➢ OptoElectronic Devices
➢ Display Devices
➢ Storage Media
➢ Sensor
Passive Components/Devices

Resistor + V -
R I
V = IR, v(t) = i(t)R

+ Vc -
Capacitor V = IXc 
I
2fC
1
, vc (t) =  ic (t) dt
C
+C VL - ic
Inductor V = IXL  I  2fL, vL (t) = L
di L(t)
dt
L iL
Crystal Seriesfrequency= fS =
1 Parallel frequency = fP =
1
 C C 
(Frequency selection) 2 CS L 2  S P  L
 CS + CP 

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Active Devices

Bi-junction Transistor (BJT)

Field-effect Transistor (FET)
Diode
Operational Amplifier (Op. Amp.)
Transformer

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1.4 Some Electronic Circuits

Amplifier
RC
R2
VO
CB CC

R1 RL
RE CE

Input Vin = 1mV (pp) BJT CE Amplifier Output VOUT = 200 mV (pp)

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Rectifier

VmS
n:1 Vdc Vm
t 220V
+
50Hz Vm C RL
  
-
high-voltage ac input low-voltage dc output
Half-wave Rectifier dc Power Supply 9V dc
220V ac

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Voltage Regulator

Vm Ri ILmin to ILmax
Vdc Vdc
VSmin to VSmax VZ RL
       

IZmin to IZmax

Unregulated power supply Zener regulated Power Supply Regulated power supply +12V

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Wave Shaper

0 VO 0
-VB VB
-VB

Input Output
Full sine wave Clipped sine wave
Positive-peak clipper

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Oscillator VDD

VDD Input dc VDD    

Vm RD
6.5nF
S 6.5nF 6.5nF
t

R R R
Output ac sine wave

Phase-shift Oscillator

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Digital Logic Gate

VCC
A
4k 130
16k t
Q3 B
A
t Q2 t
A
Y
B B
Q1 IC1 Y t
t
Q4
Digital Inputs “A” & “B” 1k
Digital Output “Y”

TTL NAND Logic Gate

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Analog to Digital Converter

VCC

Binary Counter R1
clk 8
7 3
Op. Amp. R2 Digital Output “0 1 0 0”
555
up 2,6
Analog down QA QB QC QD C 4
Analog input
In QA
R 8R
2 volt QA t
4R QB
QB
t 2R t
t1 QC QC
R
Op. Amp. QD
Analog input 2 V at t1 QD t

Tracking Analog to Digital (A/D) Converter t

t1

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