Lal Bahadur Shastri

Lal Bahadur Shastri (pronounced [lɑːl bəˈhɑːd̪ʊɾ ˈʃɑːst̪ɾi]

ⓘ ; 2 October 1904 – 11 January 1966) was an Indian
Lal Bahadur Shastri
politician and statesman who served as the second prime
minister of India from 1964 to 1966. He previously served as
the sixth home minister of India from 1961 to 1963.

Shastri was born to Sharada Prasad Srivastava and Ramdulari

Devi in Mughalsarai on 2 October 1904. He studied in East
Central Railway Inter college and Harish Chandra High
School, which he left to join the non-cooperation movement.
He worked for the betterment of the Harijans at Muzaffarpur
and dropped his caste-derived surname of "Srivastava".
Shastri's thoughts were influenced by reading about Swami
Vivekananda, Mahatma Gandhi and Annie Besant. Deeply
impressed and influenced by Gandhi, he joined the Indian
Independence movement in the 1920s. He served as the
president of Servants of the People Society (Lok Sevak
2nd Prime Minister of India
Mandal), founded by Lala Lajpat Rai and held prominent
positions in the Indian National Congress. Following In office
independence in 1947, he joined the Indian government and 9 June 1964 – 11 January 1966
became one of Prime Minister Nehru's key cabinet colleagues, President Sarvepalli
first as Railways Minister (1951–56), and then in numerous Radhakrishnan
other prominent positions, including the Home Minister.
Vice President Zakir Husain
As prime minister, Shastri promoted the White Revolution – a Preceded by Jawaharlal Nehru[a]
national campaign to increase the production and supply of
Succeeded by Indira Gandhi[b]
milk – by supporting the Amul milk co-operative of Anand,
Gujarat and creating the National Dairy Development Board. 3rd Minister of External Affairs
Underlining the need to boost India's food production, Shastri In office
also promoted the Green Revolution in India in 1965. This led 9 June 1964 – 18 July 1964
to an increase in food grain production, especially in the states
Prime Minister Himself
of Punjab, Haryana and Uttar Pradesh. He led the country
during the Second India–Pakistan War. His slogan "Jai Jawan, Preceded by Gulzarilal Nanda
Jai Kisan" ("Hail to the soldier; Hail to the farmer") became Succeeded by Sardar Swaran Singh
very popular during the war. The war formally ended with the
6th Minister of Home Affairs
Tashkent Declaration on 10 January 1966; Shastri died the
next day. In office
4 April 1961 – 29 August 1963

Early years (1904–1920) Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru

Preceded by Govind Ballabh Pant
Shastri was born on 2 October 1904 at the home of his Succeeded by Gulzarilal Nanda
maternal grandparents in a Kayastha family.[1] Shastri's
3rd Minister of Railways
paternal ancestors were in the service of the zamindar of
Ramnagar near Banaras, and Shastri lived there for the first In office
year of his life. Shastri's father, Sharada Prasad Shrivastav, 13 May 1952 – 7 December 1956
was a school teacher who later became a clerk in the revenue Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru
office at Prayagraj, while his mother, Ramdulari Devi, was the
Preceded by N. Gopalaswami
daughter of Munshi Hazari Lal, the headmaster and English
Ayyangar
teacher at a railway school in Mughalsarai. Shastri was the
second child and eldest son of his parents; he had an elder Succeeded by Jagjivan Ram
sister, Kailashi Devi (b. 1900).[2][3] Personal details

In April 1906, when Shastri was hardly 18 months old, his Born Lal Bahadur Verma
father, who had only recently been promoted to the post of 2 October 1904
deputy tahsildar, died in an epidemic of bubonic plague. Mughalsarai,
Ramdulari Devi, then only 23 years old and pregnant with her United Provinces of
third child, took her two children and moved from Ramnagar Agra and Oudh, British
to her father's house in Mughalsarai and settled there for good. India
She gave birth to a daughter, Sundari Devi, in July 1906.[4][5] (now Pt. Deen Dayal
Thus, Shastri and his sisters grew up in the household of his Upadhyaya Nagar,
maternal grandfather, Hazari Lalji.[6] However, Hazari Lalji Uttar Pradesh, India)
himself died from a stroke in mid-1908. Thereafter, the family
was looked after by his brother (Shastri's great-uncle) Darbari Died 11 January 1966
Lal, who was the head clerk in the opium regulation (aged 61)
department at Ghazipur, and later by his son (Ramdulari Tashkent, Uzbek SSR,
Devi's cousin) Bindeshwari Prasad, a school teacher in (now Uzbekistan)
Mughalsarai.[7] Soviet Union

This situation was fairly standard for the time, where the Monuments Vijay Ghat
Indian Joint family system was a thriving reality; the sense of Political party Indian National
family relationship and responsibility it fostered was the Congress
primary social security of the time. Nor should it be surmised Spouse Lalita Shastri (m. 1928)
from these circumstances that Shastri grew up in an under-
privileged manner, or that his education and comforts were Children 6; including Anil, Hari
compromised. On the contrary, since he was a rank student, he Krishna and Sunil
received a better education than some of his cousins.[8] Alma mater Mahatma Gandhi
Bindeshwari Prasad, on the limited salary of a school teacher, Kashi Vidyapith
with many dependents, nevertheless managed to give a good
education to all the children in his care. Profession Politician
Awards Bharat Ratna (1966)
In 1917, Bindeshwari Prasad was transferred to Varanasi, and (posthumous)
the entire family moved there, including Ramdulari Devi and
her three children. In Varanasi, Shastri joining the seventh Nickname Nanhe
standard at Harish Chandra High School.

Gandhi's disciple (1921–1945)

While his family had no links to the independence movement then taking shape, among his teachers at
Harish Chandra High School was an intensely patriotic and highly respected teacher named
Nishkameshwar Prasad Mishra, who gave Shastri much-needed financial support by allowing him to tutor
his children. Inspired by Mishra's patriotism, Shastri took a deep interest in the freedom struggle, and began
to study its history and the works of several of its noted personalities, including those of Swami
Vivekananda, Mahatma Gandhi and Annie Besant. In January 1921, when Shastri was in the 10th standard
and three months from sitting the final examinations, he attended a public meeting in Benares hosted by
Gandhi and Pandit Madan Mohan Malaviya. Inspired by the Mahatma's call for students to withdraw from
government schools and join the non-cooperation movement, Shastri withdrew from Harish Chandra High
School the next day and joined the local branch of the Congress Party as a volunteer, actively participating
in picketing and anti-government demonstrations.[9] He was soon arrested and jailed, but was then let off as
he was still a minor.[10][11]

Shastri's immediate supervisor was a former Benares Hindu University lecturer named J.B. Kripalani, who
would become one of the most prominent leaders of the Indian independence movement and one among
Gandhi's closest followers.[12] Recognising the need for the younger volunteers to continue their
educations, Kripalani and a friend, V.N. Sharma, had founded an informal school centered around
"nationalist education" to educate the young activists in their nation's heritage and with the support of a
wealthy philanthropist and ardent Congress nationalist, Shiv Prasad Gupta, the Kashi Vidyapith was
inaugurated by Gandhi in Benares as a national institution of higher education on 10 February 1921.
Among the first students of the new institution, Shastri graduated with a first-class degree in philosophy and
ethics from the Vidyapith in 1925. He was given the title Shastri ("scholar").[13] The title was a bachelor's
degree awarded by the institution but it stuck as part of his name.[14][15]

Shastri enrolled himself as a life member of the Servants of the People Society (Lok Sevak Mandal),
founded by Lala Lajpat Rai, and began to work for the betterment of the Harijans under Gandhi's direction
at Muzaffarpur.[16] Later he became the President of the Society.[17][18]

Independence Activism of Lal Bahadur Shastri

In 1928 Shastri became an active and mature member of the Indian National Congress at the call of
Mahatma Gandhi. He was imprisoned for two and a half years.[19] Later, he worked as the Organizing
Secretary of the Parliamentary Board of U.P. in 1937.[20] In 1940, he was sent to prison for one year, for
offering individual Satyagraha support to the independence movement.[21]

On 8 August 1942, Mahatma Gandhi issued the Quit India speech at Gowalia Tank in Bombay, demanding
that the British leave India. Shastri, who had just then come out after a year in prison, travelled to
Allahabad. For a week, he sent instructions to the independence activists from Jawaharlal Nehru's home,
Anand Bhavan.[22] He served as an elected representative for United Provinces in 1937 and 1946.[23]

Political Career (1947–1964)

State minister

Following India's independence, Shastri was appointed Parliamentary Secretary in his home state, Uttar
Pradesh.[24] He became the Minister of Police and Transport under Govind Ballabh Pant's Chief
Ministership on 15 August 1947 following Rafi Ahmed Kidwai's departure to become a minister at the
centre. As the Transport Minister, he was the first to appoint women conductors. As the minister in charge
of the Police Department, he ordered that police use water jets, whose instructions was given by him,
instead of lathis to disperse unruly crowds.[25] His tenure as police minister (As Home Minister was called
prior to 1950) saw successful curbing of communal riots in 1947, mass migration and resettlement of
refugees.[26]

Cabinet minister
In 1951, Shastri was made the General Secretary of the All-India
Congress Committee with Jawaharlal Nehru as the prime minister.
He was directly responsible for the selection of candidates and the
direction of publicity and electioneering activities. He played an
important role in the landslide successes of the Congress Party in
the Indian General Elections of 1952, 1957 and 1962. In 1952, he
successfully contested UP Vidhansabha from Soraon North cum
Phulpur West seat and won by getting over 69% of vote. He was
believed to be retained as home minister of UP, but in a surprise
move was called to Centre as minister by Nehru. Shastri was made
Minister of Railways and Transport in First Cabinet of Republic of
India on 13 May 1952.[27]

In September 1956 he wanted to take political and moral Jawaharlal Nehru with Lal Bahadur
responsibility for the 1956 Mahbubnagar train accident and offered Shastri and K. Kamaraj
his resignation as the Minister of Railways to prime minister
Jawaharlal Nehru, but he refused. After the 1956 Ariyalur train
accident, a similar accident about 2.5 months later, Shastri again offered his resignation and was accepted
this time.[28][29] He resigned as Railway minister on 7 December 1956.[30]

He served as the Minister of Commerce and Industry in 1959 and Minister of Home Affairs in 1961.[31]
Shastri laid the foundation of Mangalore Port in 1964 as a minister without a portfolio.[32]

Prime minister (1964–1966)

Jawaharlal Nehru died in office on 27 May 1964. Then Congress Party president K. Kamaraj was
instrumental in making Shastri prime minister on 9 June. Shastri, though mild-mannered and soft-spoken,
was a Nehruvian socialist and thus held appeal to those wishing to prevent the ascent of conservative right-
winger Morarji Desai.

In his first broadcast as prime minister, on 11 June 1964, Shastri stated:[33]

There comes a time in the life of every nation when it stands at the cross-roads of history and
must choose which way to go. But for us, there need be no difficulty or hesitation, no looking
to right or left. Our way is straight and clear—the building up of a socialist democracy at home
with freedom and prosperity for all, and the maintenance of world peace and friendship with
all nations.

Domestic policies

Shastri retained many members of Nehru's Council of Ministers. T. T. Krishnamachari was retained as the
Finance Minister of India, as was Defence Minister Yashwantrao Chavan. He appointed Swaran Singh to
succeed him as External Affairs Minister. He also appointed Indira Gandhi, daughter of Jawaharlal Nehru
and former Congress President, as the Minister of Information and Broadcasting. Gulzarilal Nanda
continued as the Minister of Home Affairs.[34]

Lal Bahadur Shastri's tenure witnessed the Madras anti-Hindi agitation of 1965. The government of India
had for a long time made an effort to establish Hindi as the sole national language of India. This was
resisted by the non-Hindi speaking states particularly Madras State.[35] To calm the situation, Shastri gave
assurances that English would continue to be used as the official language as long the non-Hindi speaking
states wanted. The riots subsided after Shastri's assurance, as did the student agitation.[36]

Economic policies

Shastri continued Nehru's socialist economic policies with central

planning.[37] He promoted the White Revolution – a national
campaign to increase the production and supply of milk – by
supporting the Amul milk co-operative of Anand, Gujarat and
creating the National Dairy Development Board.[38] He visited
Anand on 31 October 1964 for inauguration of the Cattle Feed
Factory of Amul at Kanjari. As he was keenly interested in
knowing the success of this co-operative, he stayed overnight with
farmers in a village, and even had dinner with a farmer's family. He
discussed his wish with Verghese Kurien, then the General
Manager of Kaira District Co-operative Milk Producers' Union Ltd
(Amul) to replicate this model to other parts of the country for
improving the socio-economic conditions of farmers. As a result of
this visit, the National Dairy Development Board (NDDB) was
established at Anand in 1965.[39]

While speaking on the chronic food shortages across the country,

Shastri urged people to voluntarily give up one meal so that the
food saved could be distributed to the affected populace. However,
Inauguration of the Main Building of he ensured that he first implemented the system in his own family
MNREC Allahabad by Lal Bahadur before appealing to the country. He went on air to appeal to his
Shashtri on 18 April 1965 countrymen to skip a meal a week. The response to his appeal was
overwhelming. Even restaurants and eateries downed the shutters
on Monday evenings. Many parts of the country observed the
"Shastri Vrat". He motivated the country to maximize the cultivation of food grains by ploughing the lawn
himself, at his official residence in New Delhi. During the 22-day war with Pakistan in 1965, On 19
October 1965, Shastri gave the seminal 'Jai Jawan Jai Kishan' ("Hail the soldier, Hail the farmer") slogan at
Urwa in Allahabad that became a national slogan. Underlining the need to boost India's food production,
Shastri also promoted the Green Revolution in India in 1965.[40][41][42] This led to an increase in food
grain production, especially in Punjab, Haryana, and Uttar Pradesh. Major milestones in this undertaking
were the development of high-yielding varieties of wheat,[43] and rust resistant strains of wheat.[44][45]

Though he was a socialist, Shastri stated that India cannot have a

regimented type of economy. His government passed the National
Agricultural Products Board Act and was responsible for setting up
the Food Corporation of India under the Food Corporation's Act
1964.[46]

Jai Jawan Jai Kisan

For the outstanding slogan given by him during the Indo-Pak war Lal Bahadur Shastri in 1964
of 1965, the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting (India)
commemorated Shastri 47 years after his death on his 48th martyr's
day:[47]
Former Prime Minister Lal Bahadur Shastri was one of those great Indians who has left an
indelible impression on our collective life. Lal Bahadur Shastri's contribution to our public life
were unique in that they were made in the closest proximity to the life of the common man in
India. Lal Bahadur Shastri was looked upon by Indians as one of their own, one who shared
their ideals, hopes and aspirations. His achievements were looked upon not as the isolated
achievements of an individual but of our society collectively. Under Shastri's leadership India
faced and repulsed the Pakistani invasion of 1965. It is not only a matter of pride for the Indian
Army but also for every citizen of the country. His slogan Jai Jawan! Jai Kisan!! reverberates
even today through the length and breadth of the country. Underlying this is the inner-most
sentiments 'Jai Hind'. The war of 1965 was fought and won for our self-respect and our
national prestige. For using our Defence Forces with such admirable skill, the nation remains
beholden to Shri Lal Bahadur Shastri. He will be remembered for all times to come for his
large heartedness and public service.[48]

Foreign policies

Shastri continued Nehru's policy of non-alignment but also built closer relations with the Soviet Union. In
the aftermath of the Sino-Indian War of 1962 and the formation of military ties between China and
Pakistan, Shastri's government decided to expand the country's defence budget.[49] In 1964, Shastri signed
an accorresponsibilities of local governments to provide adequate facilities to shelter the repatriates upon
disembarkation on Indian soil. Particularly in the Madras State the Chief Minister during that time, Minjur
K. Bhaktavatsalam, showed care in rehabilitation of the returnees. In December 1965, Shastri made an
official visit with his family to Rangoon, Burma and re-established cordial relations with the country's
military government of General Ne Win.[50]

War with Pakistan

Laying claim to half the Kutch peninsula, the Pakistani army skirmished with Indian forces in August 1965.
In his report to the Lok Sabha on the confrontation in Kutch, Shastri stated:[33][1]

In the utilization of our limited resources, we have always given primacy to plans and projects
for economic development. It would, therefore, be obvious for anyone who is prepared to look
at things objectively that India can have no possible interest in provoking border incidents or in
building up an atmosphere of strife... In these circumstances, the duty of Government is quite
clear and this duty will be discharged fully and effectively... We would prefer to live in poverty
for as long as necessary but we shall not allow our freedom to be subverted.

On 1 August 1965, major incursions of militants and Pakistani soldiers began, hoping not only to break
down the government but incite a sympathetic revolt. The revolt did not happen, and India sent its forces
across the Ceasefire Line (now Line of Control) and threatened Pakistan by crossing the International
Border near Lahore as war broke out on a general scale. Massive tank battles occurred in the Punjab, and
while the Pakistani forces made gains in the northern part of subcontinent, Indian forces captured the key
post at Haji Pir, in Kashmir, and brought the Pakistani city of Lahore under artillery and mortar fire.

The Indo-Pak war ended on 23 September 1965 with a United Nations-mandated ceasefire. In a broadcast
to the nation on the day of the ceasefire, Shastri stated:[33]
While the conflict between the armed forces of the two countries has come to an end, the more
important thing for the United Nations and all those who stand for peace is to bring to an end
the deeper conflict.... How can this be brought about? In our view, the only answer lies in
peaceful coexistence. India has stood for the principle of coexistence and championed it all
over the world. Peaceful coexistence is possible among nations no matter how deep the
differences between them, how far apart they are in their political and economic systems, no
matter how intense the issues that divide them.

During his tenure as prime minister, Shastri visited many countries

including the Soviet Union, Yugoslavia, England, Canada, Nepal,
Egypt and Burma.[16] In October 1964 while returning from the
Non Alliance Conference in Cairo, on the invitation of the-then
president of Pakistan, Muhammad Ayub Khan, to have lunch with
him, Shastri made a stopover at Karachi Airport for a few hours.
Breaking with protocol, Ayub Khan personally received him at the
airport and they had an informal meeting.

After the ceasefire with Pakistan in 1965, Shastri and Ayub Khan Lal Bahadur Shastri with police
attended a summit in Tashkent (former USSR, now in modern officers
Uzbekistan), organized by Alexei Kosygin. On 10 January 1966,
Shastri and Ayub Khan signed the Tashkent Declaration.[1]

Family and personal life

Shastri was 5 ft 2 inches tall[51] and always used to wear dhoti. The only occasion on which he wore
pyjamas was a dinner in honor of the Queen of the United Kingdom in 1961 in the Rashtrapati Bhavan.[52]
On 16 May 1928, Shastri married Lalita Devi who was from Mirzapur.[53] The couple had four sons and
two daughters. The eldest son is Kusum Shastri; Hari Krishna Shastri is the eldest daughter. Suman Shastri
is the next eldest, whose son, Siddharth Nath Singh is a spokesman of the Bharatiya Janata Party and
Minister of Health, Government of Uttar Pradesh. Anil Shastri is the youngest and is a member of his
father's Congress Party; his son Adarsh Shastri gave up his corporate career with Apple Inc to contest the
General elections of 2014 from Prayagraj on an Aam Aadmi Party ticket.[54] He lost that election but was
elected in 2015 as a member of the Delhi Legislative Assembly.[55][56] Sunil Shastri who is a member of
the Bharatiya Janata Party and Ashok Shastri, the youngest son who worked in the corporate world before
his death at the age of 37,[57] his wife Neera Shastri was a member of the Bharatiya Janata Party national
executive.[58] Other members of the family, have also been involved in the corporate and social life of
India.

Death
Shastri died in Tashkent, Uzbekistan (then Soviet Union) on 11 January 1966, one day after signing a
peace treaty to end the 1965 Indo-Pakistan War.[59] Many among Shastri's supporters and close relatives,
refused at the time, and have refused since, to believe the circumstances of his death and allege foul
play.[60][61] Conspiracy theories appeared within hours of his death and have thereafter persisted. He was
eulogized as a national hero and the Vijay Ghat memorial established in his memory. Upon his death,
Gulzarilal Nanda once again assumed the role of acting prime minister until the Congress Party elected
Indira Gandhi over Morarji Desai to officially succeed Shastri.[62]
After Shastri's death, his wife Lalita Shastri alleged he was
poisoned. An epic poetry book in Hindi titled Lalita Ke Aansoo[63]
written by Krant M. L. Verma was published in 1978.[64] In this
book, the tragic story about the death of Shastri has been narrated
by his wife Lalita.[65] Journalist, conspiracy theorist,[66] forger,[67]
and holocaust denier[68] Gregory Douglas claimed to have
conducted a series of interviews with CIA officer Robert Crowley
in 1993. In a book published in 2013, 13 years after Crowley's
death, Douglas wrote that Crowley euphemistically told him the
CIA had assassinated Shastri, stating "And we nailed Shastri as
well. Another cow-loving rag head", as well as Indian nuclear
scientist Homi Bhabha thirteen days later in order to thwart the
Indian nuclear programme.[69] The Indian media proceeded to
report these claims largely unquestioned.[70][71]

The Indian Government released no information about his death

and the media then was kept silent. The possible existence of a
conspiracy was covered in India by the 'Outlook' magazine.[72] A
Shastri's statue in Mumbai
query was later posed by Anuj Dhar, author of CIA's Eye on South
Asia, under the Right to Information Act to declassify a document
supposedly related to Shastri's death, but the Prime Minister's Office refused to oblige, reportedly citing that
this could lead to harming of foreign relations, cause disruption in the country and cause breach of
parliamentary privileges.[73] Another RTI plea by Kuldip Nayar was also declined, as PMO cited
exemption from disclosure on the plea. The home ministry is yet to respond to queries whether India
conducted a post-mortem on Shastri, and if the government had investigated allegations of foul play. The
Delhi Police in their reply to an RTI application said they do not have any record pertaining to Shastri's
death. The Ministry of External Affairs has already said no post-mortem was conducted in the USSR. The
Central Public Information Officer of Delhi Police in his reply dated 29 July 2009[74] said, "No such record
related to the death of the former prime minister of India Lal Bahadur Shastri is available in this district.
Hence the requisite information pertaining to New Delhi district may please be treated as nil."[75] This has
created more doubts.[76] The death of Lal Bahadur Shastri is considered to be one of the biggest unsolved
mysteries of Indian politics.[77]

The PMO answered only two questions of the RTI application, saying it has only one classified document
pertaining to the death of Shastri, which is exempted from disclosure under the RTI Act. It sent the rest of
the questions to the Ministry of External Affairs and Home Ministry to answer. The MEA said the only
document from the erstwhile Soviet Government is "the report of the Joint Medical Investigation conducted
by a team comprising R. N. Chugh, Doctor in-Attendance to the PM and some Russian doctors" and added
no post-mortem was conducted in the USSR. The Home Ministry referred the matter to Delhi Police and
National Archives for the response pertaining to any post-mortem conducted on the body of Shastri in
India.[78][79]

State honours
Decoration Country Date Note Ref.

Bharat India 1966 The highest civilian honour of India.

Ratna

Legacy
Shastri is now regarded as one of the most respected prime
ministers of India. He was a secularist who refused to mix religion
with politics. In a public meeting held at the Ram Lila grounds in
Delhi, a few days after the ceasefire, he complained about a BBC
report which claimed that Shastri's identity as a Hindu meant that he
was ready for a war with Pakistan. He stated:[80]

Kuldip Nayar, Shastri's media advisor from 1960 to 1964, recalls

that, during the Quit India Movement, his daughter was ill and he
was released on parole from jail. However, he could not save her Lal Bahadur Shastri Memorial, New
life because doctors had prescribed costly drugs. Later on in 1963, Delhi
on the day when he was dropped from the cabinet, he was sitting in

While I am a Hindu, Mir Mushtaq who is presiding over this meeting is a Muslim. Mr. Frank
Anthony who has addressed you is a Christian. There are also Sikhs and Parsis here. The unique
thing about our country is that we have Hindus, Muslims, Christians, Sikhs, Parsis, and people of all
other religions. We have temples and mosques, gurdwaras and churches. But we do not bring all this
into politics. This is the difference between India and Pakistan. Whereas Pakistan proclaims herself
to be an Islamic State and uses religion as a political factor, we Indians have the freedom to follow
whatever religion we may choose, and worship in any way we please. So far as politics is
concerned, each of us is as much an Indian as the other.

his home in the dark, without a light. When asked about the reason, he said as he no longer is a minister, all
expenses will have to be paid by himself and that as an MP and minister he didn't earn enough to save for
times of need.[81]

Although Shastri had been a cabinet minister for many years in the 1950s, he was poor when he died. All
he owned at the end was an old car, which he had bought in installments from the government and for
which he still owed money. He was a member of the Servants of India society (which included Mahatma
Gandhi, Lala Lajpat Rai, Gopal Krishna Gokhle) which asked all its members to shun accumulation of
private property and remain in public life as servants of the people. He was the first railway minister who
resigned from office following a major train accident as he felt moral responsibility.[82]

The foundation stone of Bal Vidya Mandir, a distinguished school of Lucknow, was laid by him during his
tenure as the prime minister, on 19 November 1964. He inaugurated the Central Institute of Technology
Campus at Tharamani, Chennai, in November 1964.[83] He inaugurated the Plutonium Reprocessing Plant
at Trombay in 1965. As suggested by Dr. Homi Jehangir Bhabha, Shastri authorized the development of
nuclear explosives. Bhabha initiated the effort by setting up the nuclear explosive design group Study of
Nuclear Explosions for Peaceful Purposes (SNEPP).[84] He inaugurated the Andhra Pradesh Agricultural
University at Hyderabad on 20 March 1965 which was renamed the Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural
University in 1996 and was separated into two universities after the formation of Telangana State. The
university in Telangana was named in July 2014 as Professor Jayashanker Agricultural University. Shastri
also inaugurated the National Institute of Technology, Allahabad. Lal Bahadur Shastri inaugurated the
Jawahar Dock of the Chennai Port Trust and started the construction work of V.O. Chidambaranar Port
Authority in November 1964.[85] He inaugurated the Sainik School Balachadi, in the state of Gujarat. He
laid the foundation stone of Almatti dam. The commissioned dam bears his name.[86]

Memorials

Shastri was known for his honesty and humility throughout his life.
He was posthumously awarded the Bharat Ratna, and a memorial
"Vijay Ghat" was built for him in Delhi. Several educational
institutes including Lal Bahadur Shastri National Academy of
Administration (Mussorie, Uttarakhand) bear his name. The Lal
Bahadur Shastri Institute of Management was established in Delhi Shastri Circle Jodhpur
by the Lal Bahadur Shastri Educational Trust in 1995. The Shastri
Indo-Canadian Institute was named after Shastri due to his role in
promoting scholarly activity between India and Canada.[87] Lal
Bahadur Shastri Memorial run by the Lal Bahadur Shastri National
Memorial Trust, is situated next to 10 Janpath his residence when he
was prime minister,[88] at 1, Motilal Nehru Place, New Delhi.[89] One
of the halls of residence of IIT Kharagpur is named after him as Lal
Bahadur Shastri Hall of Residence.[90]

In 2011, on Shastri's 45th death anniversary, the Uttar Pradesh

Government announced the renovation of Shastri's ancestral house at Lal Bahadur Shastri National
Ramnagar in Varanasi and declared plans to convert it into a Academy of Administration,
biographical museum. [91][92]
Varanasi International Airport is named Mussoorie
after him.[93] The Lal Bahadur Shastri Centre for Indian Culture with a
monument and a street named after him are in the city of Tashkent,
Uzbekistan. A few stadiums are named after him in the cities of
Hyderabad, Telangana, Ahmedabad in Gujarat, Kollam in Kerala,
Ghazhiabad and Bhawanipatna in Odisha. The Almatti Dam across
the River Krishna in northern Karnataka was renamed the Lal
Bahadur Shastri Sagar. The foundation stone was laid by him. MV
Lal Bahadur Shastri, a cargo ship, is named after him. The Reserve
Bank of India released coins in the denomination of 5 rupees during
his birth century celebrations. An All India Lal Bahadur Shastri
Hockey tournament has been held every year since 1991 – it is a
major hockey tournament. The Left Bank Canal of the Nagarjuna Lal Bahadur Shastri Memorial, New
Delhi
Sagar Dam in Andhra Pradesh is named the Lal Bahadur Shastri
Canal and is 295 km in Length.[94]

Some major roads in the cities of New Delhi, Mumbai, Pune, Puduchery, Lucknow, Warangal and
Allahabad and Ernakulam are named after him, as is Sashtri Road, Kottayam, Kerala. There is a Lal
Bahadur Shastri Medical College in Mandi, Himachal Pradesh and Shastri Bhavans in New Delhi, Chennai
and Lucknow. In 2005, the Government of India created a chair in his honour in the field of democracy and
governance at Delhi University.[5]
A portrait of Shastri hangs in the Central Hall of the Parliament
House of India. The portrait, painted by Vidya Bhushan, was
unveiled by the then President of India, Dr. Shanker Dayal Sharma
on 2 October 1993.[95]

In popular culture
Shastri's life and death, in particular, have been a subject of Indian
Manmohan Singh, the Speaker, Lok
popular culture. Homage to Lal Bahadur Shastri is a 1967 short
Sabha, Shri Somnath Chatterjee
documentary film directed by S. Sukhdev and produced by the
along with other dignitaries paid
Films Division of India which pays tribute to the former prime
homage to the former Prime Minister
minister.[96] Apne Shastri Ji (1986) was also made as a homage to Shri Lal Bahadur Shastri on his
him.[97] 104th birth anniversary

Jai Jawaan Jai Kisaan is a 2015 Indian Hindi-language

biographical drama film by Milan Ajmera, titled after the popular slogan by Shastri it portrays his entire life
from birth to death where he is portrayed by Akhilesh Jain. Lal Bahadur Shastri's Death, a 2018 television
documentary film by Jyoti Kapur Das reconstructs his death and covers various conspiracy theories around
it, including interviews with his son Sunil Shastri.[98] A film titled The Tashkent Files (2019), directed by
Vivek Agnihotri revolves around the mystery of the death of Lal Bahadur Shastri.[99]

Pradhanmantri (lit. 'Prime Minister'), a 2013 Indian documentary television series which aired on ABP
News and covers the various policies and political tenures of Indian PMs, dedicated the entire seventh
episode "Lal Bahadur Shastri" to his term as the country's leader with Akhil Mishra in the role of
Shastri.[100]

The 1967 film Upkar by Manoj Kumar, which is based on the 1965 war, was dedicated to Shastri.[101] Lal
Bahadur Shastri, a 2014 Indian Malayalam-language comedy film by Rejishh Midhila is titled after the
prime minister but has no apparent connection with his life.[102]

See also
List of prime ministers of India
List of unsolved deaths

References

Footnotes
a. Gulzarilal Nanda served as acting prime minister in the interim for 13 days.
b. Gulzarilal Nanda served as acting prime minister in the interim for 13 days.

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Sources
Bakshi, Shiri Ram (1991), Struggle for Independence: Lal Bahadur Shastri (https://books.go
ogle.com/books?id=uX1DAAAAYAAJ), Anmol Publications, ISBN 9788170411420
Dhawan, S. K. (1991), Bharat Ratnas, 1954-1991, Wave Publications
Grover, Verinder (1993), Political Thinkers of Modern India: Lala Lajpat Rai (https://books.go
ogle.com/books?id=pls8YeINi1sC), Deep & Deep Publications, ISBN 978-81-7100-426-3
Guha, Ramachandra (2008), India After Gandhi: The History of the World's Largest
Democracy, Pan Macmillan, ISBN 978-0-330-39611-0
Gupta, U.N. (2003), Indian Parliamentary Democracy, Atlantic Publishers & Distributors,
ISBN 978-8126901937
Prasad, Rajeshwar (1991), Days with Lal Bahadur Shastri: Glimpses from The Last Seven
Years (https://books.google.com/books?id=dvTYfnfsec0C), Allied Publishers, ISBN 978-81-
7023-331-2
Srivastava, C.P. (1995), Lal Bahadur Shastri, Prime Minister of India; a life of truth in politics
(1st ed.), Delhi: Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0-19-563499-0
Verma, Krant M. L. (1978), Lalita Ke Ansoo on worldcat, OCLC 60419441 (https://www.world
cat.org/oclc/60419441)
Chokkan, N. (2020). Lal Bahadur Shastri (https://books.google.com/books?id=8OCfDwAAQ
BAJ). Pustaka Digital Media.
Ankit, Rakesh (26 April 2020). "Lal Bahadur Shastri, 1964–1966: Leader at a Glance" (http
s://doi.org/10.1177%2F2321023020918062). Studies in Indian Politics. 8: 39–57.
doi:10.1177/2321023020918062 (https://doi.org/10.1177%2F2321023020918062).
S2CID 218999983 (https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:218999983).

Further reading
Guha, Ramachandra. India After Gandhi: The History of the World's Largest Democracy
(2007 ) pp 390–405.
Mankekar, Dinker Rao. Lal Bahadur A Political Biography (Popular Prakashan; Bombay,
1965) online (http://krishikosh.egranth.ac.in/bitstream/1/2025311/1/13795.pdf).
Srivastava, C.P. Lal Bahadur Shastri: a life of truth in politics (New Delhi: Oxford University
Press, 1995) ISBN 0-19-563499-3
Gujrati, Balwant Singh, ed. A Study of Lal Bahadur Shastri (Sterling Publishers, 1966).
Pavan Choudary and Anil Shastri. Lal Bahadur Shastri: Lessons in Leadership. Wisdom
Village Publications, 2014 ISBN 9789380710365
John Noyce. Lal Bahadur Shastri: an English-language bibliography. Lulu.com, 2002.
Shastri, Lal Bahadur. "Selected Speeches of Lal Bahadur Shastri, June 11, 1964 to January
10, 1966." (1974).
Lal Bahadur Shastri, 'Reflections on Indian politics', Indian Journal of Political Science,
vol.23, 1962, pp1–7
Lal Bahadur Shastri, The Fight For Peace The Long Road To Tashkent (1966) online (http
s://web.archive.org/web/20170312194816/http://www.dli.ernet.in/handle/2015/111570)
L.P. Singh, Portrait of Lal Bahadur Shastri (Delhi: Ravi Dayal Publishers, 1996) ISBN 81-
7530-006-X
(Sir) C.P. Srivastava, Corruption: India's enemy within (New Delhi: Macmillan India, 2001)
chapter 3 ISBN 0-333-93531-4
India Unbound From Independence to Global Information Age by Shri Gurucharan Das
chapter 11
The spiritual master of Sri Lal Bahadur Shastri was Sri Sri Thakur Anukulchandra
Chakravarty.

External links
Works by Lal Bahadur Shastri (https://openlibrary.org/authors/OL4863A) at Open Library
Lal Bahadur Shastri (https://www.imdb.com/name/nm1991951/) at IMDb
Tears of Lalita (http://krantmlverma.blogspot.com/2012/10/tears-of-lalita-english-translation-o
f.html). Krant M. L. Verma.

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