PRACTICAL RESEARCH 2 – GRADE 12

Name: ______________________________________ Date: ____________________

Grade: ______________________________________ Section: ___________________

Quarter: 1 Week: 7 MELC(s): Presents written review of related literature

and conceptual framework (CS_RS12-If-j-9).
Title of Textbook/SLM to Study: Practical Research 2 Quarter 1, Module 7 (Presentation
of Review of Related Literature and Conceptual
Framework)
Objectives:
1. Discuss the different processes in reviewing literature;
2. Present a written review of literature and conceptual framework.

Let Us Discover

A literature review is a piece of academic writing that gives a broad overview of a

subject. It aids in determining what is known and what is unknown about a certain field of
study. It necessitates the application of higher-order thinking abilities, such as reviewing,
evaluating, and synthesizing a number of scholarly publications. Journal articles,
professional publications, online sources, and specialist references are examples of
scholarly works.

Purposes of Reviewing a Literature:

1. It enhances the researcher's confidence by ensuring that he or she thoroughly
comprehends the factors under investigation.
2. It displays similar studies that serve as a springboard for discussion because the
researcher may agree or disagree with the present findings.
3. As they read a review of literature and related sources similar in research or practice,
fellow researchers will notice the study's objectivity.
4. Conducting a literature review on the subject makes the research study
empirical.

The literature review or review of related literature (RRL) is commonly composed of three
major sections:
a) Introduction. This section composes of a single paragraph wherein information
about the general topic of your research is presented and gives an
overview of the contents of your RRL highlighting the points (main idea)
that can be seen in this chapter.
b) Body. This section focuses on presenting all the relevant information that you
have gathered that follows a logical manner, addressing the order of your
objectives of the study.

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c) Conclusion. This section refers to a single paragraph that functions in providing a
summary of the overall state of knowledge about your topic.

Guidelines in Writing Review of Related Literature

Prieto et al. (2017) crafted the following rules that you can use in order to produce a quality
RRL:
Rule 1. Define the topic and the audience. When defining a topic, consider factors such
as interest, importance and recency.
Rule 2. Search and re-search reference list.
Rule 3. Prepare a conceptual diagram of the need for the different types of literature
review.
Rule 4. Take notes while reading.
Rule 5. Choose the type of review you wish to write.
Rule 6. Keep the review focused and make it of broad interest.
Rule 7. Be critical and consistent.
Rule 8. Find a logical structure.
Rule 9. Make use of feedback.

Ethical Standards in Writing Review of Related Literature

Research Ethics can be defined as the process of applying moral standards and
undertaking principles to distinguish between acceptable and unacceptable behaviors. In
general, the ethics in research is used so that a researcher will be able to define right from
wrong doings specifically in writing the RRL.

Upon the absence of Ethics in conducting your research, you might be able to do
some unethical deeds commonly known as a scientific misconduct. The following are the
possible scientific misconducts that can be done in research:
1. Fabrication and falsification of data- also known as “cooking of data”. This scientific
misconduct involves producing data without an actual experimentation or altering data in
recording for the intention to fit them to what are expected.
5. Non-publication of data- In contrast with fabrication and falsification, non-publication of
data involves choosing not to include data because they do not conform to the well-
established body of knowledge or are unsupportive of the research hypothesis. Only the
results that do not reject the hypothesis are reported and published.
6. Faulty data gathering procedures- It is referred to as a negligence or carelessness lead
to errors in measurement or faulty research instruments. Error may also be caused by
inappropriate application of treatment to the subjects and poor data recording.
7. Plagiarism- It is a fraudulent act that involves claiming another person’s ideas, work or
publication. It is a form of intellectual property stealing and dishonesty that usually
happens in scientific publications. There are four types of Plagiarism.

In order to avoid plagiarism, the following should be strictly observed (Otero, 2016):
1. Paraphrase - So you have found information that is perfect for your research paper.
Read it and put it into your own words. Make sure that you do not copy verbatim more
than two words in a row from the text you have found. If you do use more than two words
together, you will have to use quotation marks. We will get into quoting properly soon.
2. Cite - Citing is one of the effective ways to avoid plagiarism. Follow the document
formatting guidelines (i.e. APA, MLA, Chicago, etc.) used by your educational institution
or the institution that issued the research request. This usually entails the addition of the
author(s) and the date of the publication or similar information. Citing is really that
simple. Not citing properly can constitute plagiarism.
3. Quoting - When quoting a source, use the quote exactly the way it appears. No one
wants to be misquoted. Most institutions of higher learning frown on “block quotes” or
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quotes of 40 words or more. A scholar should be able to effectively paraphrase most
material. This process takes time, but the effort pays off! Quoting must be done correctly
to avoid plagiarism allegations.
8. Citing Quotes - Citing a quote can be different than citing paraphrased material. This
practice usually involves the addition of a page number, or a paragraph number in the
case of web content.
9. Citing Your Own Material - If some of the material you are using for your research
paper was used by you in your current class, a previous one, or anywhere else you must
cite yourself. Treat the text the same as you would if someone else wrote it. It may sound
odd, but using material you have used before is called self-plagiarism, and it is not
acceptable.
10. Referencing - One of the most important ways to avoid plagiarism is including a
reference page or page of works cited at the end of your research paper. Again, this
page must meet the document formatting guidelines used by your educational institution.
This information is very specific and includes the author(s), date of publication, title, and
source. Follow the directions for this page carefully. You will want to get the references
right.

Let Us Try

Direction: Based on the knowledge and understanding that you have gained from the
previous discussion, you have now captured the idea on how to write your review
of related literature that is free of plagiarism. Complete the table below by writing a
paraphrase from the given original passage. The first row is given as an example.

Original Passage Paraphrase

“Death rates for males are substantially A recent study found that death rates for
higher than for females for every age group male children and teens are higher than
of children and youth, but the largest those for females in all age groups, but
difference occurs among teens, ages 15 to most significant difference between death
19” (Goutas, et al., 2011, p.11). rates for male and female children occurs
between the ages of 15 and 19 (Goutas, et
al., 2011)
”For the Philippines, student status, low
confidence in doctors, dissatisfaction with
health information, long daily duration spent
on health information, worries about family
members contracting COVID-19,
ostracization, and unnecessary worries
about COVID-19 were associated with
adverse mental health.”(Tee, [Link]., 2021)

“As the Philippines ventures into a new

mode of learning, several factors need to
be considered. This includes teacher
capacity, situation and context of the
learner, and efficiency of the learning
environment. These are, of course, on top
of the more obvious issues of internet
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speed, cost of materials, and mode of
delivery. The best way to move forward is
to take a step back and design a strategy
that engages teachers, students, parents,
school administrators, and technology-
based companies. (Joaquin, [Link]., 2020)”

Let Us Do

Direction: Now it’s time to wrap up what you have learned in this module. In four (4) to five
(5) sentences, briefly discuss the following:

1. The importance of the review of related literature in your study.

2. As a student researcher, why is it important to follow a set of ethical standards or

guideline in writing the literature review?

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Let Us Apply

Congratulations student researchers for completing your SSLM for the first quarter on
the subject Practical Research 2. You are now fully equipped with the knowledge on how to
write the rest of your chapter 2. It’s now time to present your review of related literature and
conceptual framework.

Direction: Prepare your written review of related literature and conceptual framework for
presentation. The rubrics below will help you understand how your teacher will
assess you. To make it easier to recall, the 4C (content, coherence, creativity,
and communication) technique will be applied.

Rubrics for Written Review of Literature and Conceptual Framework

5 4 3 2 1
Content (35%)
▪ Purpose of the literature review was stated.
▪ Studies reviewed are appropriately arranged according to
format chosen.
▪ Literature review presents extensive discussion of
disagreements and agreements.
▪ Literature review is related to the current study.
▪ Conceptual Framework is well explained.
▪ Conceptual Framework matched the research problem.
▪ Overall content is comprehensive.
Coherence (25%)
▪ Cohesive of devices are effectively used.
▪ Organization of ideas is smoothly presented.
Creativity (25%)
▪ Writer’s voice is showcased.
▪ Paper uses variety of sentence structures.
▪ Uses appropriate language.
Communication (15%)
▪ Sentences are well structured
▪ Grammatical conventions are observed.
▪ Correct spelling and proper research format is followed.
▪ Standard in-text citation was followed diligently.
Legend: 5 – to a very great extent, 4 – to a great extent, 3 – to some extent,
2 – to a little extent, 2 – not at all

Suggested Criteria for Scoring the Let Us Try and Let Us Do Activities

Mechanics……………………. 5 pts
Organization…………………. 5 pts
Relevance of Content………. 10 pts
TOTAL 20 pts

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References

SLM

Luzano, R. et al (2020). Practical Research 2 - Grade 12 Self-Learning Modules

(SLM). Quarter 3 – Module 3.

Uy, S. (2020). Practical Research 2 – Grade 12 Self-Learning Module (SLM).

Quarter 1 – Module 7

SSLM Development Team

Writer: ESTHER NOVIE A. RECLA
Evaluator: Yolka A. Barbecho
Illustrator:
Creative Arts Designer: Reggie D. Galindez
Education Program Supervisor – Edilbert A. Reyes
Education Program Supervisor – Learning Resources: Sally A. Palomo
Curriculum and Instruction Division Chief: Juliet F. Lastimosa
Asst. Schools Division Superintendent: Carlos G. Susarno, Ph. D.
Schools Division Superintendent: Romelito G. Flores, CESO V

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