Republic of the Philippines
Polytechnic University of the Philippines
College of Architecture and Fine Arts
Department of Architecture
INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS
for
ARCH 30013
Architectural Visual Communication 1
GRAPHICS 1
Prepared by:
Ar. Marie Angeli Bilbao-Velasquez, MSEE
Anonas cor Pureza Streets, Sta. Mesa, Manila 1016
Direct Line: 8713-9304|
Website: [Link] | Email: cafa@[Link]
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Republic of the Philippines
Polytechnic University of the Philippines
College of Architecture and Fine Arts
Department of Architecture
Learning Material Code : GRAPHICS 1 W1
First Semester 2020-2021
Subject Descriptions:
The course encompasses study of visual communication, typography, alphabet of lines and their
applications and the use and care of instruments, geometric construction, use of scale,
mensuration, and dimensioning. Emphasis is given to the study of the theory of projection with
analysis in the relationship between points, lines and planes in space.
Included are exercises on surface development and graphic presentation.
Course Outcomes:
At the end of the course, students should be able to:
1. Prepare typographic composition using architectural lettering.
2. Properly utilize drawing instruments and drafting paraphernalia in the expression of
drawings.
3. Apply the alphabet of lines and appropriate drafting techniques in producing geometry
of drawings.
4. Present orthographic presentation, basic plans and other collateral technical drawings
like architectural and engineering symbols.
5. Utilize studio/ laboratory exercises to become portfolios as a tool to document
students’ progress and achievements.
You are enrolled in the ARCH 30013 Architectural Visual Communication 1- GRAPHICS 1
The learning mode you are in is Group 1 – Off-grid. Off-grid is a correspondence type of learning
mode. A learning package has been sent to you containing all the subjects you are enrolled in
this 1st semester of Academic Year 2020-2021. We have listed few guides that will help you
maximize your learning for this semester.
1. The learning materials is sent to you once together with the pre-paid return pouch
addressed to the university. This mode of learning is also known as Correspondence
Course. When this was introduced in the 1960’s the only means to communicate is through
mail. However, in the 21st century we could communicate through emails or SMS.
2. The return pouch should include only your answers to the learning activities such as
exercises, exam, drawing plates, thought paper and other documents as required by your
professor.
3. Your professor will work with you through the process and please bear in mind that the
success of your learning will be very much dependent on how you manage your time.
Anonas cor Pureza Streets, Sta. Mesa, Manila 1016
Direct Line: 8713-9304|
Website: [Link] | Email: cafa@[Link]
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Republic of the Philippines
Polytechnic University of the Philippines
College of Architecture and Fine Arts
Department of Architecture
4. Set a time for specific subjects, if possible assign a space in or outside your home where
you can be most comfortable to read and absorb the learnings.
5. If you have family members or friends try to discuss with them the lessons. Both of you
might learn things from one another.
6. The off-grid learning teaches the students to be more focused and helps us practice
integrity of work on our exams and assignments individually.
7. Once you are done with the lessons and assignments you may send it to the university as
soon as possible. This will allow you professor to assess your work immediately.
The semester consists of 18 weeks as reflected in the Course Syllabus for Architectural Visual
Communication 1- GRAPHICS 1
Class Structure: 3 credit units (7 hours: 1 hour lecture and 6 hours studio work/week)
The university will utilize the Flexible Technology
Group 1 is the Off-grid (for students who are challenged with no or limited access to gadgets
(computers and smartphones) and with minimal or no access to internet connections
Group 2 is the Blended Learning (for students with gadgets but limited access to internet
connections)
Group 3 is the On-line Learning (for students with gadgets and have a stable internet
connection)
Assessment for Learning:
• Drawing Instruction / Application
• Requiring drawing presentation for each given topic as instructed
Anonas cor Pureza Streets, Sta. Mesa, Manila 1016
Direct Line: 8713-9304|
Website: [Link] | Email: cafa@[Link]
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Republic of the Philippines
Polytechnic University of the Philippines
College of Architecture and Fine Arts
Department of Architecture
Learning Material Code : GRAPHICS 1
First Semester 2020-2021
Week 1 ORIENTATION (Synchronous)
MODULE 1 - Understand and appreciate Architectural Visual
Communication 1- GRAPHICS 1
Learning Outcomes:
At the end module you should be able to:
LO1. Understand more the use of architectural typography and its technical properties as can
be used in presentation drawings
LO2. Develop an attitude towards gaining self-confidence through knowledge in technical
convictions in graphics and drawing presentations.
LO3 Learn how to use various approaches, tools, technologies, and equipments that would
help them in their pursuit for a sound architectural graphics presentation.
LO4. Students gain more wisdom in technical presentation drawings resulting in a more
cohesive understanding about the importance of visuality of professional material resources in
local and global perspectives.
LO5. Materialize activities to produce individual body of works as a document of course
outcomes progress
A. Discussions on the following
• Introduction to the course and policy statements.
• Briefing and rapport-building
• Statement of expectations and confidence-building
• Course Outline presentation
Course background and its attendant responsibilities.
Introduction:
This course deals with the fundamentals of Architectural Visual Communication It is designed to
build a strong foundation in the practices and principles of architectural drawing which includes:
Anonas cor Pureza Streets, Sta. Mesa, Manila 1016
Direct Line: 8713-9304|
Website: [Link] | Email: cafa@[Link]
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Republic of the Philippines
Polytechnic University of the Philippines
College of Architecture and Fine Arts
Department of Architecture
standard architectural drafting terminologies, familiarization with equipment, instrument and
materials, the alphabets of lines conventions and the use of various measure (scales). You will
gain practical experience in geometric construction, dimensioning, pictorial drawings such as
isometric drawing, orthographic, and oblique drawing, projection methods, auxiliary views,
sectional views and perspective. Also, various engineering working drawings such as structural
drawing, architectural drawing, electrical drawing, piping drawing, mechanical drawing,
topographical and mapping drawing will be introduced in this course.
A. LECTURE
On this lecture you will learn the fundamental approaches, tools, technologies, and equipment
that would help them in their pursuit for a sound architectural graphics presentation.
Understanding Basic Drawing Instruments
It is important to know and be acquainted with the different tools, equipment, instruments,
supplies and materials to be used in architectural drawing .this involves a knowledge of how to
use and properly care for these instruments.
Source: Technical Drafting 1 by Elpidio J. Cardenas and Felizardo Y. Francisco
DRAWING TOOLS AND ITS USES
DRAWING PENCIL
Pencil is the basic drawing instrument or material use for writing or
drawing. It consists of a thin stick of graphite or a similar substance
enclosed in a long thin piece of wood or fixed in a metal or plastic
case.
3 TYPES OR GENERAL CLASSES:
1. SOFT PENCILS- USED FOR LETTERING (2B-7B)
2. MEDIUM PENCILS- USED FOR MOST FINAL LINE (B,H,F,2H,3H)
3. HARD PENCILS-USED FOR LAYOUT WORK (4H-9H)
NOTE: The graphite grading scale of pencil varies on their marks
a. “B” designate the blackness of the pencil’s mark and indicates a softer lead.
b. “F” designate the fine point of the pencil’s mark
c. “H” designate the hardness of the pencil’s lead
Anonas cor Pureza Streets, Sta. Mesa, Manila 1016
Direct Line: 8713-9304|
Website: [Link] | Email: cafa@[Link]
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Republic of the Philippines
Polytechnic University of the Philippines
College of Architecture and Fine Arts
Department of Architecture
d. “HB” determine the hardness and the darkness of pencils. (This is equivalent to #2
pencil using the US numbering system and use for standard tests.
SET SQUARES
Set squares are used to draw lines with an angle between them. In
most of the structures, 30, 45, 60 and 90-degree lines are most
common. So, set squares make the work easier for this type of
drawings.
ARCHITECT’S SCALE
A triangular scale is a ruler that has a 3-lobed cross-section with 6
different types of scales on the edges (2 on each face) used for
measuring and preparing scale drawings such as blueprints and
maps. It is also called an architect's scale.
FRENCH CURVES
French curves are made of plastic and they are in irregular
shapes. Sometimes the drawing requires irregular curves or
shapes or arcs which cannot be drawn using compass. In that
case French curves are suitable.
Generally French curves are more suitable for small curves and
for long curves splines are used.
TECHNICAL PEN
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Republic of the Philippines
Polytechnic University of the Philippines
College of Architecture and Fine Arts
Department of Architecture
A technical pen is a specialized instrument used by an engineer,
architect, or drafter to make lines of constant width for
architectural, engineering, or technical drawings. "Rapidograph"
is a trademarked name for one type of technical pen.
DRAWING TEMPLATES
Templates are nothing but plastic or wooden boards which
contains spaces of several shapes or letters. Non-dimensional
shapes or variety font letters are drawn by using templates
which makes drawing easier and perfect.
CIRCLE TEMPLATE
Circle Templates are Stencils with Circle Cutouts used in
Drafting to Draw Circles. A circle template has labeled cutouts
to quickly add precisely measured circle and arc elements to a
drawing without the aid of a scaled ruler or compass.
ERASER
An eraser is an object typically a piece of soft rubber or
plastic, used to rub out something written, remove the lines or
spots which drawn by mistake or with wrong measurements.
The eraser used should be of good quality and soft. It should
not damage the paper while erasing.
UTILITY CUTTER
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Direct Line: 8713-9304|
Website: [Link] | Email: cafa@[Link]
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Republic of the Philippines
Polytechnic University of the Philippines
College of Architecture and Fine Arts
Department of Architecture
A utility knife or Stanley knife is a knife used for general
or utility purposes. The utility knife was originally a fixed
blade knife with a cutting edge suitable for general work such
as cutting hides and cordage, scraping hides, butchering animals,
cleaning fish, and other tasks.
ERASING SHIELD
An eraser shield is a thin sheet of stainless steel or plastic with
slots and holes of different shapes. They are designed to allow
erasers to be used through them to erase lines and text without
removing lines close by which do not need to be (or
should not be) erased.
BRUSH
A tool with a handle, consisting of bristles,
hair, or wire set into a block, used for cleaning or
scrubbing, applying a liquid or powder to a surface,
arranging the hair, or other purposes.
MINI DRAFTER
Anonas cor Pureza Streets, Sta. Mesa, Manila 1016
Direct Line: 8713-9304|
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Republic of the Philippines
Polytechnic University of the Philippines
College of Architecture and Fine Arts
Department of Architecture
Mini drafter is an instrument which can be used for multiple
functions in drawing. It contains two arms which is adjustable to
required angle and at the end of the lower arm a scale set is
attached.
The scale set contains two scales connected perpendicular to
each which cannot be separated. This instrument is fixed to the drawing board at one edge with
the help of screw provided for the drafter.
Mini drafter is used for drawing horizontal lines, vertical lines, inclined lines, angles, parallel lines,
perpendicular lines etc.
CLINOGRAPH
Clinograph is an instrument used to draw parallel lines to the
inclined lines. It contains one adjustable wing or strip which can
be adjusted to required angle. So, it can be termed as adjustable
set square.
TRACING PAPER
A tracing paper is a transparent paper used for tracing maps,
drawings, or designs.
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Republic of the Philippines
Polytechnic University of the Philippines
College of Architecture and Fine Arts
Department of Architecture
DRAWING SHEET
Drawing sheet is a white paper on which an object is drawn
which is available in various sizes. The sheet used for
engineering should be of good quality. It should be white in
color with uniform thickness with must resist the easy torn of
paper. The surface of sheet must be smooth.
Various sizes of drawing sheets recommended by Indian
standards are listed below.
Drawing Sheet Dimensions (Length X Width)
Type (mm)
A0 841 X 1189
A1 594 X 841
A2 420 X 594
A3 297 X 420
A4 210 X 297
A5 148 X 210
MASKING TAPE
A masking tape is an adhesive tape used in painting to cover areas on
which paint is not wanted.
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Republic of the Philippines
Polytechnic University of the Philippines
College of Architecture and Fine Arts
Department of Architecture
PROTRACTOR
Protractor is used to draw and measure the angles of lines in the
drawing. It is transparent and made of plastic. It is in the shape of
semi-circle, and the edge of semi-circle part consists reading with one-
degree accuracy. The bottom line joins the 0o to the 180o. The center of this
bottom line is marked as “O” or “C” from which the angles are measured.
COMPASS
Compass is used to draw an arc or circle with known dimensions on
engineering drawing. It is generally made of steel and consists two legs.
One leg contains needle at the bottom and other leg contains a ring in which
a pencil is placed.
The needle tip is placed at the respected point and pencil tip is adjusted to
the height at least 1mm just above the tip of the needle. The gap is nothing but the paper thickness
DIVIDER
The divider looks like a compass, but the difference is the two legs of divider
are provided with needles. This is used to divide a line or curve into equal
parts. It is also used to check the measurements.
Anonas cor Pureza Streets, Sta. Mesa, Manila 1016
Direct Line: 8713-9304|
Website: [Link] | Email: cafa@[Link]
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Republic of the Philippines
Polytechnic University of the Philippines
College of Architecture and Fine Arts
Department of Architecture
FLEXIBLE CURVE
Flexible Curve is a spline, or the more modern term flexible curve, consists of a long strip fixed
in position at a number of points whose tension creates a
smooth curve passing through those points, for the purpose of
transferring that curve to another material. ... Crosses are marked on the
paper to designate the knots or control points
PAPER HOLDERS
When the drawing sheet is placed on the board it may not be in fixed
position. To fix the drawing sheet to the board paper holders are
used.
Generally used paper holders are thumb pins, spring clips, stick tapes
etc. Care should be taken while removing the clips or tapes otherwise
the sheet may tore
DRAWING BOARD
Drawing board is generally made of soft wood and it is in rectangular
shape. It is used to support drawing sheet, so, the size of board is made
according the size of the drawing sheet.
The wood portions are joined by tongue and grove type joint to prevent
cracks. At the edge of board, straight ebony edge is provided for the T-
square usage.
Anonas cor Pureza Streets, Sta. Mesa, Manila 1016
Direct Line: 8713-9304|
Website: [Link] | Email: cafa@[Link]
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Republic of the Philippines
Polytechnic University of the Philippines
College of Architecture and Fine Arts
Department of Architecture
Different types of drawing boards and their sizes according to IS classification are listed below.
Type of Drawing Length X Width X
Board Thickness (mm)
D0 1500 X 1000 X 25
D1 1000 X 700 X 25
D2 700 X 500 X 15
D3 500 X 350 X 15
T SQUARE
A T-square is a tool used in technical drawing, primarily as a guide
for drawing straight horizontal lines on a drafting table. It can also
be used in conjunction with a set square to draw vertical and angled
lines. Its name is derived from its resemblance to the letter 'T'.
DRAWING TABLE
Drawing Table is a table that has a surface that can be raised
up or down or turned to different angles and that is used
for drawing.
Anonas cor Pureza Streets, Sta. Mesa, Manila 1016
Direct Line: 8713-9304|
Website: [Link] | Email: cafa@[Link]
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Republic of the Philippines
Polytechnic University of the Philippines
College of Architecture and Fine Arts
Department of Architecture
Sources/ Link for further studies
1. [Link]
2. [Link]
3. [Link]
4. [Link]
B. Course Materials
Student Handbook
Course Syllabus/Instructional Materials, and power point presentation
Internet Sources
C. Assessment/ Learning Activities for Module 1 – FAMILIARIZING DRAWING
TOOLS/EQUIPMENT
Watching videos / reading pdf files
• [Link]
• [Link]
• [Link]
• [Link]
Rubrics/Grading Criteria:
Criteria Rating
• Contents of Discussions 50%
(able to answer the questions correctly
and show broadness of knowledge;
discussion is clear and precise)
• Explanation/Creativity 30%
(able to show his/her views creatively;
set some examples to explain the
idea)
• Completeness/presentation 20%
(able to follow correctly the given
guidelines/directions; presentation is
neat and orderly)
Total (%) 100%
Anonas cor Pureza Streets, Sta. Mesa, Manila 1016
Direct Line: 8713-9304|
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Republic of the Philippines
Polytechnic University of the Philippines
College of Architecture and Fine Arts
Department of Architecture
D. References:
1. FUNDAMENTALS OF MODERN DRAFTING, Pau Ross Wallach, Stanford,
Ct./CENGAGE Learning, 2014
2. TECHNICAL DRAFTING 1, Elpidio J. Cardenas and Felizardo Y. Francisco, National
Bookstore Publishing, 1992.
3. ARCHITECTURE GRAPHIC STANDARDS, Charles George Ramsey, 9th Edition, John
Wiley and Sons, Inc., 1994.
4. ARCHITECTURAL GRAPHICS, Frank Ching, Merriam and Webster’s Publishng, 3rd
Edition, 1996.
5. FUNDAMENTALS OF GRAPHIC COMMUNICATION, Gray R. Bertoline, Mc-Graw Hill
and Co., 2002.
6. ARCHITECTURAL DRAFTING AND DESIGN, Ernest Weidhaas Allyn & Bacon
(Publisher), 1980.
7. Handouts
8. Students Handbook 2013 Revised Edition – latest
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