Brainstorming – wide sampling of ideas Death blow – quodegra

Expert of taste – connoisseur

Q: Part of the newspaper that demonstrates Praise glowingly – persiflage
critical thinking Shapeless – amorphous
A: COLUMNS (or EDITORIAL - opinions) Large fire – conflagration
- Article of the opinion Awkward looking – baduy
Transmuted – change
Editorial Page – official stand of newspaper Hiatus – lapse
on a particular issue Carnal – worldly
Byline – writer of the article Obscenity - profanity
Headline – main idea, most important Impertinent – irrelevant
MASTHEAD – name of publication Agitation – nervousness
Editor in chief – in charge of the entire Relevant – align/related
publication Madame – mis dame (plural)
Eureka – discovery
Entertainment content – focuses on popular Transcendental – super natural
culture Culpable - guilty
Features Content – gives background Lucid moments – clear thinking
information (certain events, personalities) Phantom of delight – lovely
Business Content – reports about the state of Drop pervious order – Negative! Delete!
commerce, stock reports Hostages are free. They paid their way –
Editorial Content – opinion, develop reading means After paying the ransom, they were
critical skills released.
- Design to inform, educate or Loquacious – verbose/talkative
entertain Veracious – very eager
Applam – composure – equanimity – calmness
Q: True name of Mark Twain Mundane – ordinary
A: Samuel Clemens Gullible – easily deceived
Sophisticated – complicated
Q: Extended family in the Phil is rooted on Frivolous - worthless
A: close family ties Vexatious – annoying
Unscrupulous – credulous
Q: Dramatic presentation that originated from Apocalyptic – prophetic
the traditional armed encounter between Equanimity – admirable composure
Christians and Muslim Filipinos – MORO
MORO Old hand – experience
Green thumb – good at gardening
Father Of Sarswela – Severino Reyes Stop beating a dead horse - move on
- Dulang Tagalog Sexes or seven – confusion
Sarswela pinalitan ng BUDABEL nung humina
Ama ng Manggagawa – Amado Hernandez Carlos V. Francisco – painter of fisher folks
Filipino Grammar/Balarilang Filipino – Lope K. and farmers of his hometown. (BUTONG)
Santos Painter for Rural Life - Amorsolo

No rancor in heart because she is not BITTER Boccacio – write Decameron

Ordinary – mundane Canterbury Tales – Geoffrey Chaucer
Penchant - Fondness - morning star of English literature
Pulchritude – loveliness - father of English language
Intrepid – brave - father of English poetry
Ad Nauseam – sickening at the highest degree Washington Erving – father of American
Esoteric friend – understandable by few literature
Shakespeare – father of English literature - LOVE and NATURE
- greatest Eng writer EPISTOLARY – exchange of letter
- greatest sonnet writer - Urbana and Feliza (Frey Modesto de
Merchants of Venice – Shakespeare Catro – writer)
- theme: Mercy is spontaneous and BALLAD – poem intended to be sang
freely given (Metaphor) - narrative
- Greatest English writer
Hamlet - To be or not to be – indecision Psalms of King David – greatest lyric poem
- Written by Shakespeare ASUPS fable – greatest collection fables
Beowulf – first great work of English literature The Epic of Gilgamesh - oldest epic of the
- Story of man’s effort to save his King world
from a monster BIAG NI LAM-ANG – known epic in the Phil
Romeo and Juliet Theme – Love and War (Leo (Ilocano by Pedro Bocane (writer)
Tullstoy) MARAGTAS – epic in Visaya
- Not included among the 12 most HUDHUD – epic in Ifugao
influential books of the world. BANTUGAN - epic in Mindanao
The little Prince theme – only the heart can - BIDASARI also in Mindanao
see rightly (writer – EXUPERY) IBALON – Bicol
- Write also of Flower Rose Bidasari – Muslim
Macbeth theme – man’s overwhelming Hinilawod – Panay Region
ambition for power Indarapatra at Sulayman – Mindanao
- Longest play of Shakespeare
Rubaiyat theme - grasp pleasure while you Q: Indian sacred hymns are enshrined in this
can compendium – RIG VEDA
CARPEDEIM or seize the day by CAVALIERS Indian sacred texts – UPANISHAD
poem Collection of Indian fables - PANCHATANTRA
Letters for Celia – Ben Johnson Longest epic of the world – MAHABHARATA
Pride and Prejudice – Jane Austen Indian Shakespeare – KALIDASA
Barlaan and Josafat – Fray Antonio de Borja A thousand and one Arabian Nights – Aladin
Mary and Evans pen name – George Eliot Songs for God – BHAGAVAD GITA
- Author of Silas Mariner
Count of Montekristo – Alexander Dumas EMILY BRONTE – wuthering heights (love is
FRANCIS BACON – father of essay destructive - theme)
Edgar Allan Poe – father of horror story. RABINDRANATH TAGORE – Gitanjali
- Detective stories -First Asian writer to receive the Nobel Prize
Homer – describe geographical features TUROLD – Songs of Rolang means Submission
vividly (Eliad and Odyssey) to God
Gettysburg address – Abraham Lincoln Boris Paternak – Dr. Chivago
Face that launched a thousand ship – HELEN
of TROY FIGURE OF SPEECH
King James Bible – most influential book Tinkle tinkle tinkle – Onomatopoeia
Head is bloody but unbowed – Hyperbole
This person served as the brains behind the - If you want a moon, I will get it for
“arena theater” – MONTANO you
- “sala theater” – NATY CRAME Phantom of the light – Metaphor
ROGERS - You are the love of my life
- Experimental theater - TINIO She is like a rose – Simile
I like your home, it’s very dirty – Irony
Haiku – 5-7-5 Oh, wild wet wind – Apostrophe
- NATURE as a topic May I have your hands? – synecdoche
TANCA – 5-7-5-7 The crown belongs to the queen – Metonymy
My head is bloody bound and bowed - Fraction (given number) - is
hyperbole / Alliteration The number of students – is
A number of students – are
Denotasyon – dictionary meaning (scanning) Everything is – ALL RIGHT
Konotasyon – personal meaning
Metaphor – pagwawangis or direct Past (verb) – past
comparison Ex: He ran for the bus and jumped on.
-comparison without as and like
Simile – comparison that uses AS or LIKE If subject is SINGULAR, verb should be with S
Hyperbole – pagmamalabis Ex: Jogging, ____ to be the easiest workout
Alliteration – repetition of the first consonant activity. (appears)
sound of every word
Onomatopoeia – sounds of things If subject is PLURAL, verb should be without S
- Note, if in choices onoma is not
present, look for Alliteration Neither, nor – look the latest subject
Metonymy – object that represent something (pinakamalapit) if sing or plural as basis in
(ex: crown – The crown belongs to the queen) choosing the verb
Synecdoche – part of a whole Ex: Neither her daughter nor sons ___ the
Ex: Can I ask the hands of your daughter? water in the glass. (drink) because sons -
Ex: Two heads are better than one plural
Personification – binigyan ng animated object
ang katangiang pantao Negative statement – positive question (vice
Ex: The leaves are dancing versa)
Apostrophe – pagtawag Ex: Your boss is not working anymore, ___?
- Ex: O tukso, lapitan mo ako Ans: Is he?
Oxymoron – love and hate Ex: Your boss is working, ___?
- 2 Contrasting words Ans: Isn’t he?
Paradox – I know that I do not know
- Words are contrasting in a statement Use I – if underline/blank placed in FIRST
ME – if underline/blank placed in LAST
Scanning – new information (DICTIONARY) Ex: I thought the life of 2020 was heavy for
Skimming – looking for main ideas (NOVEL) Kate and ___. (me)

Mercy is a gentle rain that drops from heaven IF – condition, used plural linking verb (WERE)
– METAPHOR Ex: If he __ eating excessively, he would be
that fat. – ANS: WERE
WAS - singular
WERE – plural TIME
IN – tricycle, taxi, jeepney (di ka nakakatayo),
RULES OF GRAMMAR - places (malawak ang saklaw) ex. In
A lot of water (uncountable) – use singular Cebu, in the Phil
linking verb (IS) - minutes (25 min)
A lot of people (countable) – use plural linking - weeks, month, century, millennium,
verb (ARE) year, decade
‘S – use singular (ex: student’s – singular) - prints (books, magazines, brochures)
Students’ - IS ON – days of the week, (Monday-Sunday –
Mathematics – singular in meaning (use IS) specific days)
Many a child – is - plane (nakakatayo)
Fish and fries – is - St., Ave., Blvd.,
Bread and butter – is - Electronics (tv, cp, laptop)
Population – is / has AT – specific time (6:30)
- Used when ST, BLVD, AVE. has a - Tales, legends, and superstitions of a
number (Ex: 163 Colon St.) particular ethnic population
FOLKTALE – tale or story that is part of the
Samuel Clemens pen name of – Mark Twain oral tradition of a people
Confucius – moral value, golden rule
Parables – bibles
Has – used with he, she, and it (subject is Fables – characters are animals
singular)
Have – used with pronouns I, you, we, and Phonemic Awareness – first skill a student
they (subject is plural) must have before he/she can read
Has/have – can indicate possession Orthography – study of spelling’
Had – talking about something we did not Imperative (important) means having to do
know in the past, but wish had known it at the with vital requirement
time.
Had been – something happened in the past Didactic literature aims to teach MORAL
and has already ended. lessons.
Have been / has been – something began in
the past and has lasted into the present time Words lack correlation:
All ready – all this time
Q: Concerned with amplifying and enriching Formerly – heretofore
the voice, using human amplifiers such as the Censor – try
nose, windpipe, and chest. – RESONATION Noted – disgraceful
Juncture – pauses or rest in speech
Pitch – highness and lowness My head is bloody but un-bowed means
Volume/Intensity – loudness and softness DETERMINATION

ALMANAC – contains origin of the solar CONDITIONING – lowest form of learning for
system animals
PERCEIVING - lowest form of learning for
I die just when the dawn breaks to herald the human
day – line of Rizal
ELECTRONIC MAILS – modern technology’s
Red Letter Day – IDIOM means holiday response to message previously sent over
Fall of the house of usher – hypochondriac couriers or post offices
living in morbid fear
CONFERENCING – skype, google meet
The Dead Star – Paz Marquez Benitez SKYPE – face to face comm made possible
- Model of Perfection FB – software readily available
- The love of Julia for Alfredo
COVERT – cognitive abilities (not easily
MIS MEHARES – The Virgin observable skills) – hidden
- Written by Pas La Torena
No bearing means Inadmissible
Speech made by a person who reveals his
thoughts – SOLILOQUY Shakesperean classic saw the predicament of
two lovers from warring families
Tayo-tayo means sense of common good - ROMEO AND JULIET
(PAKIKISAMA) - Two ill starred lovers

FOLKLORE – sum of traditionally derived and GAY DEMAUPASSANT – author of The

orally transmitted literature Necklace
Sleep – example of natural altered state of Deogracias Rosario – famous in his work
awareness. ALOHA
- Father of short stories in Tagalog
Acquainted with the night by Robert Frost Jose Maria Panganiban – photographic
taken in stanza – ISOLATION AND memory
LONELINESS - Memoria photographica
- Lupang tinubuan
Message for the dead – Eulogy Inigo Ed Regalado – sampagitang walang
song / Poem for the dead – Elegy bango (pagtataksil sa asawa)
Zoilo Galang – child of sorrow
Prophecy – prediction Modesto de Castro – urbana at feliza (famous
epistolary of the Phil)
Mi Ultimo Adios is a SONNET - Father of Tagalog classics
William Shakespeare – ang pag-ibig ay hindi
Mother’s financial resources – LIMITED pag-ibig kapag nagbabago kung nakakita ng
Mario’s father is an alcoholic – One’s value pagbabago
system is acquired Genoveva Matute – kwento ni Mabuti
Power interruption/STATIC – LOOSE - First palanca award for short story
Dionisio Salazar – first palanca for play
Blended Learning – actual and online Robert Frost – the road not taken
- Stopping by woods on snowy evening
All the necessary – Materials and Equipments
Panday Pira - First Filipino cannon maker
Octosyllabic – KORIDO Jose Abad Santos – don’t cry Pepito
- Ibon Adarna Francisco Soc Rodrigo – sa Pula sa Puti
Dodecasyllabic – AWIT Manuel Blanco – Flora de Filipinas
- Florante at Laura Yasunari Kawabata – Japanese poet who won
Nobel prize on 1968
Charles Dickins – master of local colors Wole Soyinka – first black Nigerian writer to
be awarded Nobel Prize
Folly and Stupidity – Gilliver’s travel
Arts for art’s sake – VILLA Middle Ages – era of knights, chivalry and
Era of Knights – Midde Ages castles in English literature
Kempe Tai – memories of brutality during
Compound Sentence – with conjunction OR Japanese regime
Japanese period – gintong panahon ng
No Self Efficacy – avoid challenging tasks panitikan ng Pilipinas
Child developing inside the wombs – Positive
Imagination F. Scott Fitzgerald – The great Gatsby
Virginia Woolf - Mrs. Dollaway
Aunt – DUTIFUL Ulysses – James Joyce
Grandmother – EXTENDED Homer – Eliad and Odyssey
Doing household chores – RECIPROCAL Oscar Wilde - The picture of Dorian Gray
Retired public school teacher – CLEANLINESS Huckleberry Finn – Mark Twain
Scarlett Letter – Nathaniel Hawthorne
Filipino family is generally EXTENDED Vanity Fair – William Makepeace Thackery
Gulliver’s Travels – Jonathan Swift
Tomas Pinpin – first Filipino publisher Robinson Crusoe – Daniel Defoe
Amado Hernandez – labor leader Daniel Deronda – George Eliot
- Isang dipang langit, luha ng buwaya Little Women – Louisa Alcott
Sonnets for his husband - Browning
Alice in the Wonderland – Lewis Caroll
Moby Dick – Herman Melville
Jane Eyre – Charlotte Bronte
Pilgrim’s Progress – John Bunyan
A Poison tree – William Blake
Cask of Amontillado – Edgar Allan Poe
- Similar to the theme of a Poison Tree
- Annabelle
The Count of Montecristo – Alexander Dumas
- Devil’s island (Dante)
The Virgin – Tubera (alaga sa nanay)
Animal Farm – Orwell
100 years of solitude – Gabriel Marquez
Red Badge – Stephen Crane
A passionate shepherd to His love –
Christopher Lowe
Nymphs reply to the Shepherd – Walter
Raleigh

National epic of America – Song of Hiawatha

“Arguably the most distinguished man of
letters in English history – Samuel Johnson
Carlos Bulosan’s 1946 literary work that talks
about the painful reality of the American
dream – America is in the Heart
Moving tale of the cruelty and the bravery of
the war years – Without Seeing the Dawn
Good night, good night – Romeo and Juliet
Father of English Tragedy – Cristopher
Marlowe
Intimations of Immortality – William
Wordsworth
Some books are to be tested – Of studies

Turned up a new leaf – made a turning point

Bacon – father of English essay
Montagne – father of essay

SONNET –
Couplet – final part of sonnet, two lines long

Gemeinschaft – shared experiences, mutual

responsibilities, common norms (community)
Gesellschaft – society