Earth Science for Stem

Quarter 1 – Module 7:
Formation of Fossil Fuels

CO_Q1_ESS SHS
Module 7
Earth Science for STEM
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 1 – Module 7: Formation of Fossil Fuels
First Edition, 2021

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Published by the Department of Education

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Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio

Development Team of the Module

Writer: May E. Taguinod
Editors: Randie B. Atienza, Remedios A. Alcantara
Reviewers: Marionel U. Briz, Francia C. Silva, Eleneth D. Escalona, Jovy M. Perez,
Cyrus T. Festijo, and Rowena D. Cabanding
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Job S. Zape Jr.
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Elaine T. Balaogan
Fe M. Ong-ongowan
Sacoro R. Comia
Fe M. Fallurin
Marieta N. Perez

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Earth Science for STEM
Quarter 3 – Module 7:
Formation of Fossil Fuels
Introductory Message
This Self-Learning Module (SLM) is prepared so that you, our dear learners,
can continue your studies and learn while at home. Activities, questions, directions,
exercises, and discussions are carefully stated for you to understand each lesson.

Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide you step-by-
step as you discover and understand the lesson prepared for you.

Pre-tests are provided to measure your prior knowledge on lessons in each

SLM. This will tell you if you need to proceed on completing this module or if you
need to ask your facilitator or your teacher’s assistance for better understanding of
the lesson. At the end of each module, you need to answer the post-test to self-check
your learning. Answer keys are provided for each activity and test. We trust that you
will be honest in using these.

In addition to the material in the main text, Notes to the Teacher are also
provided to our facilitators and parents for strategies and reminders on how they can
best help you on your home-based learning.

Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks on any part
of this SLM. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises and tests. And
read the instructions carefully before performing each task.

If you have any questions in using this SLM or any difficulty in answering the
tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator.

Thank you.
What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you master
the nature of Biology. The scope of this module permits it to be used in many different
learning situations. The language used recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of
students. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard sequence of the course.
But the order in which you read them can be changed to correspond with the
textbook you are now using.

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. identify the components of a fossil fuel;
2. discuss how fossil fuels are formed; and
3. differentiate the three major types of fossil fuels formation

1 CO_Q1_ESS SHS
Module 7
What I Know

Read and analyze the following questions. Choose the letter of the best answer. Write
your answer on a separate sheet of paper.

1. Coal is considered as a non-renewable energy source because __________.

A. it is sustainable
B. it is expensive to mine
C. it takes millions of years to form
D. it can be regenerated or replaced

2. Fossil fuels formed million years ago from different materials. Which of the
following are its components?
1. remains of bacteria 3. remains of all vegetation
2. remains of animals 4. remains of volcanic ashes

A. 1, 2 and 3 B. 1, 2 and 4 C. 1, 3 and 4 D. 2, 3 and 4

3. Which of the following contribute to the formation of fossil fuels?

A. water and air C. carbon and oxygen
B. heat and pressure D. oxygen and carbon dioxide

4. Coal is one of the major types of fossil fuels. In which types of organic matter
does coal come from?
A. mostly algae C. dissolve minerals from rocks
B. marine organisms D. forest trees, plants and marshes

5. Which of the following statement is correct?

A. Natural gas is not a fossil fuel.
B. Coal, natural gas, and oil are fossil fuels.
C. Fossil fuels are man-made energy source.
D. Coal is the most expensive energy source in the world.

6. Which of the following is an example of non-renewable energy?

A. coal B. solar C. water D. wind

7. Which energy resource is derived from natural organic materials?

A. fossil fuels B. geothermal C. solar D. water

8. Which of the following statements is/are correct?

I. Philippines has the largest coal production in the world.
II. Oil, coal, and natural gas are examples of renewable energy.
III. Non-renewable energy is finite; they can’t be used for a second time.

A. I only B. II only C. III only D. I and II

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Module 7
9. Malampaya is one of the fossil fuel reservoirs of the Philippines situated at
the island of Palawan. What type of fossil fuel is harnessed in it?
A. coal B. coal and oil C. natural gas D. oil

10. Based on the Department of Energy 2017 power statistics, coal is the main
source of energy in the Philippines. What do you think might happen if coal
reserves run out?
A. It will result to decreasing number of air pollutants.
B. It will decrease the energy resources present in the Philippines.
C. It will not affect the Philippine economy because it is an infinite resource.
D. Both A & B

11. Which among the following fossil fuels is the cleanest, odorless and colorless?
A. coal B. coal and oil C. natural gas D. oil

12. Which of the following is the correct increasing order of the types of coal based
on the quality?
A. anthracite, bituminous, subbituminous and lignite
B. anthracite, lignite, bituminous and subbituminous
C. lignite, anthracite, subbituminous and bituminous
D. lignite, subbituminous, bituminous and anthracite

13. Which of the following is the chronological order of fossil fuel formation?
I. They are then able to turn it into products we can use, such as petrol
and diesel.
II. Millions of years ago the remains of prehistoric plants and animals are
buried at the bottom of the Earth.
III. The plant and animal remain were altered chemically by this process,
and slowly changed into crude oil and natural gas.
IV. The mud sediment was buried by more sediments, and it started to change
into rock as the temperature and pressure increase.

A. I, II, III, IV B. I, III, II, IV C. II, IV, III, I D. II, III, IV, I

14. What are the essential factors involved in the formation of fossil fuel?
A. Pressure and temperature
B. Pressure and low oxygen environment
C. Pressure, temperature and low oxygen environment
D. Pressure, temperature and high oxygen environment

15. Which of the following fossil fuel is formed from organic materials which are
mostly algae?
A. carbon B. natural gas C. oil D. oil and coal

3 CO_Q1_ESS SHS
Module 7
Lesson
How fossil fuels are
7 formed?
Fossil fuels provide almost 90% of the world’s energy supply. Coal, oil, and natural
gas are types of fossil fuels formed from the remains of dead plants and animals.
They are classified as non-renewable resources, meaning there is a finite source and
a possible run-out of supply might happen if we do not consume them wisely.

What’s In

Memory Work Review

There are five important terms below associated with the previous lesson. Choose
the correct letter which best describes the word.

A. It is naturally occurring solid matter that has a metal inside

1. Ore it.
B. It is a man-made material that contains valuable minerals.
A. It is a process by which oil industries use to produce
cheaper fuel.
2. Mining
B. It is a process of extracting valuable materials such as
gold.
A. It is solid and have crystal structure. It is naturally
3. Minerals occurring material.
B. It is a consolidate aggregate of rocks.

A. It is the most common type of mining that involves making

4. Open-pit a big hole (or pit) in the ground.
Mining B. It involves the removal of a thin strip of overburden (earth
or soil) above a desired deposit.
A. It is used to extract the rocks, minerals and other precious
5. Underground stories that can be found beneath the earth’s surface.
Mining B. It is used to extract ore minerals near the surface of the
earth.

4 CO_Q1_ESS SHS
Module 7
Notes to the Teacher
As a facilitator always instructed your learners to carefully read
and analyze the content and activities written in the module. Asks
them about knowledge they obtained and achieved as they go
through the module.

What’s New

It’s all About Transportation!

How do students like you normally go to school? Do you ride on a motorcycle?
Buses? Or taxi? There are different modes of transportation in the Philippines that
make our life more convenient and easier, the most common and traditional are
Jeepneys. Air transportation like aircrafts, water transportation like ferries, and
automobile industry like grab and motor-taxi are some of the major ways and
transportations that really help in transporting goods and services and play a major
role in the economy.

List down five major modes of transportation in the Philippines and their energy
sources.

Mode of Transportation Source of Energy

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Guide Questions:
1. Among the five modes of transportation, which is the most common?
2. What is the common source of energy of the different modes of
transportation?
3. What do you think is the effect on the mode of transportation if the source of
energy is not available?
4. What do you think will be its impact on our economy?

5 CO_Q1_ESS SHS
Module 7
What is It

Fossil Fuels Formation

What are fossil fuels?
Fossil fuels are basically remains of plants and animals that died millions of
years ago. They are the world’s primary energy source that provide most of the energy
support in transportation, electricity, and industries. They are natural and finite
resources that are very abundant and has a cheaper cost production compared to
other resources present on Earth. They are considered as non-renewable energy
source as they take millions of years to form.

What are the major types of fossil fuels and where are they usually
found?

There are three types of fossil fuels formation: coal, oil, and natural gas
1. Coal - is an important and primary fossil fuel
present on Earth. Coal resources are found
predominantly where forest trees, plants and marshes
existed before being buried and compressed millions
of years ago. Philippines uses approximately 50% coal
resource to produce energy and electricity. There are
four major ranks of coal. First is anthracite, which is
the highest rank of coal. It is a hard, brittle, and black
lustrous coal, often referred to as hard coal,
containing a high percentage of fixed carbon and a low
percentage of volatile matter. Second is the
bituminous coal. It usually has a high heating value and is the most common type
of coal used in electricity generation. It appears shiny and smooth at first glance, but
when you look closely, you will see that it has layers. The third one is subbituminous
coal, which is black in color and dull, and has a higher heating value than lignite.
The last in rank is lignite, which is also known as brown coal. It is the lowest grade
coal with the least concentration of carbon.

2. Oil - Most of the oil that we are using today

started forming millions of years ago. Oil is an organic
material, mostly algae, which was buried in mud at the
bottom of the sea and lakes. It is used mainly to produce
transportation fuels and petroleum-based products.
Philippines imports crude oil and petroleum from Saudi
Arabia and Russia. The majority of the market are Petron
Corporation, Pilipinas Shell, and Chevron Philippines.

6 CO_Q1_ESS SHS
Module 7
3. Natural gas - is a naturally occurring hydrocarbon gas
with the mixture of methane. It is the Earth’s cleanest
fossil fuel and is odorless and colorless in its natural
state. Natural gas is produced from sedimentary rock
formation by forcing chemicals, water, and sand down
a well under high pressure. The Philippines’ main
domestic source of energy is the Malampaya natural
gas field which is located at Palawan Island.

How are fossil fuels formed?

Millions of years ago the remains of
prehistoric plants and animals are buried
beneath the Earth’s surface. These
remains were covered by mud. The mud
sediment was buried by more sediments,
and it started to change into rock as the
temperature and pressure increase. In
that case fossil fuels are formed in a low
oxygen environment. The plant and
animal remains were altered chemically by
this process, and slowly changed into crude oil and natural gas.

Through the spaces of permeable rock, the oils move upwards and will be
trapped if it reached impermeable rock. Oil companies can drill down through the
impermeable rocks to get it out. They are then able to turn it into products we can
use, such as petrol and diesel. On the other hand, coal can be extracted from the
Earth through underground mining. Once it has been extracted, it can be used to
fuel power plants for electricity.

What’s More

Fill it in!
Fill in the table below of the corresponding characteristics, uses and sources of each
type of fossil fuel.

Types of Fossil
Characteristics Uses Sources
Fuel

Coal

Oil

Natural Gas

7 CO_Q1_ESS SHS
Module 7
What I Have Learned

Fossil Fuels Storyboard

A storyboard is a graphic organizer to visually present information and explain
process. It is a set of sequential drawings to tell a story. It is time for you to make
your own. Complete the storyboard showing how fossil fuels are formed. If the
picture is given, write a short description about the process shown. If the
description is given, draw or illustrate the stated process.

Scene 1 Scene 2 Scene 3

Millions of years ago,

The plant and animal
dead plants and animals
remains eventually form
fall into seas and
coal far underground.
swamps.

Scene 4 Scene 5 Scene 6

Natural gas and crude oil

formed in the same way,
and they are used for
heating, cooking, and
electricity generation.

8 CO_Q1_ESS SHS
Module 7
What I Can Do

Let’s Save Energy!

Philippines depends primarily on fossil fuel as a main source of energy. Coal
is one of the major sources of electricity in Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao. Since this
source is nonrenewable, it means there will be a time that it will perish. By showing
your support in the preservation of electricity in our country, make your own
infographics that highlight and explain different ways to help reduce energy
consumption.

_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________

9 CO_Q1_ESS SHS
Module 7
Assessment

Multiple Choice. Read and analyze the following questions. Choose the letter of the
best answer. Write your answer on your separate sheet of paper.

1. Non-renewable energy resources are those that cannot be readily replaced

natural substance. Which of the following are examples of renewable energy?
1. coal 2. water 3. wind 4. solar energy

A. 1, 2 and 3 C. 1, 3 and 4
B. 1, 2 and 4 D. 2, 3 and 4

2. Which energy resources is derived from natural organic materials?

A. fossil fuels B. geothermal C. solar D. wind

3. Which of the following statements is/are incorrect?

I. Philippines has the largest coal production in the world.
II. Oil, coal, and natural gas are examples of renewable energy.
III. Non-renewable energy is finite; they can’t be used for a second time.

A. I only B. II only C. III only D. I and II

4. Malampaya is one of the fossil fuel reservoirs of the Philippines situated in the
island of Palawan. What type of fossil fuel is harnessed in it?
A. coal B. coal and oil C. natural gas D. oil

5. Based on the department of energy 2017 power statistics, coal is the main
source of energy in the Philippines. What do you think might happen if coal
reserves run out?
A. It will result to decreasing number of air pollutants.
B. It will decrease the energy resources present in the Philippines.
C. It will not affect Philippine economy because it is an infinite resource.
D. both A & B

6. Which among the fossil fuel is the cleanest, odorless, and colorless?
A. coal B. coal and oil C. natural gas D. oil

7. Which of the following is the correct decreasing order of the types of coal
based on the quality?
A. anthracite, bituminous, subbituminous and lignite
B. anthracite, lignite, bituminous and subbituminous
C. lignite, anthracite, subbituminous and bituminous
D. lignite, subbituminous, bituminous and anthracite

8. What are the essential factors involved in the formation of fossil fuel?
A. pressure and temperature
B. pressure and low oxygen environment
C. pressure, temperature, and low oxygen environment
D. pressure, temperature, and high oxygen environment

10 CO_Q1_ESS SHS
Module 7
9. Which of the following fossil fuels is formed from organic materials which are
mostly algae?
A. carbon B. natural gas C. oil D. oil and coal

10. Coal is considered as non-renewable energy source because _______.

A. it is sustainable
B. it is expensive to mine
C. it takes millions of years to form
D. it can be regenerated or replaced

11. Fossil fuels are formed million years ago from different materials. Which of
the following is not its component?
A. remains of animals C. remains of all vegetation
B. remains of bacteria D. remains of volcanic ashes

12. Which of the following factors contribute to the formation of fossil fuels?
A. water and air C. heat and pressure
B. carbon and oxygen D. oxygen and carbon dioxide

13. Coal is one of the major types of fossil fuels. In which types of organic matter
does coal come from?
A. mostly algae C. dissolve minerals from rocks
B. marine organisms D. forest trees, plants and marshes

14. Which of the following statements is incorrect?

I. Natural gas is not a fossil fuel.
II. Coal, natural gas, and oil are fossil fuels.
III. Fossil fuels are man-made energy source.
IV. Coal is the most expensive energy source in the world.

A. I, II and III B. I, III and IV C. I, II and IV D. II, III and IV

15. Which of the following is the first event in fossil fuel formation?
A. They are then able to turn it into products we can use, such as petrol and
diesel.
B. Millions of years ago, the remains of prehistoric plants and animals were
buried at the bottom of the Earth.
C. The plants and animals remains were altered chemically by this process
and slowly changed into crude oil and natural gas.
D. The mud sediment was buried by more sediments, and it started to change
into rock as the temperature and pressure increased.

11 CO_Q1_ESS SHS
Module 7
Additional Activities

Reflect and Conserve!

Search on fossil fuel deposits that can be found in the Philippines. Determine
its location, abundance, and type. Make a short reflection based on your findings.

__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

12 CO_Q1_ESS SHS
Module 7
Module 7
CO_Q1_ESS SHS 13
What I Know What's In Assessment
1. B 1. A 1. D
2. A 2. B 2. A
3. B 3. A 3. C
4. D 4. A 4. C
5. B 5. A 5. D
6. A 6. C
7. A 7. A
8. C 8. C
9. C 9. C
10. D 10. C
11. C 11. D
12. D 12. C
13. C 13. D
14. C 14. B
15. C 15. B
Answer Key
References

Books:

Pulido, M. C., Lopez, C. C, & Cantero, C. T. (2017). Earth Science: Lorimar

Publishing, Inc.

Olivar, J., Rodolfo, R., & Cabria, H. (2016). Exploring Life Through Science
Series: Phoenix Publishing House, Inc.

Online Resources:

Retrieved on May 21, 2020:

[Link] (from Wikipedia, the
free encyclopedia)

Retrieved on May 22, 2020:

[Link]
(by 11slong Updated: 11/14/2018)

Retrieved on May 28, 2020:

[Link]
gas-philippines(Source:Department of Energy 2017 Power Statistics)

14 CO_Q1_ESS SHS
Module 7
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Ground Floor, Bonifacio Bldg., DepEd Complex

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Email Address: [Link]@[Link] * [Link]@[Link]