DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

AFFILIATED TO
VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

A PROJECT REPORT
On

Social Connect and Responsibility

Submitted By
Group-6

Purab Modi Lateral Entry

Under the Guidance of :

Dr. Latha P.H
Prof. & HOD Dept. of ISE

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Table of Contents

Module-1 Plantation and adoption of tree

Module-2 Heritage walk and crafts corner

Module-3 Waste Management and Organic Farming

Module-4 Water Conservation

Module-5 Food Walk

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Module 1- Plantation and Adoption of Tree
Introduction:
Plantation and adoption of trees are crucial steps towards preserving the environment and combating
climate change. Trees play a vital role in maintaining the ecological balance and provide numerous benefits
such as reducing air pollution, conserving soil, and enhancing biodiversity. Planting and adopting trees also
contribute towards mitigating the effects of global warming, as trees absorb carbon dioxide and release
oxygen into the atmosphere. However, the indiscriminate cutting down of trees and deforestation has led to
a decrease in forest cover and disrupted the delicate balance of the ecosystem. To address this, it is
essential to promote and encourage the plantation and adoption of trees, whether it be in urban or rural
areas.

Planting trees is not just about putting saplings in the ground but also involves nurturing and caring for
them throughout their growth. Adopting a tree means taking on the responsibility of its growth and
maintenance, including watering, fertilizing, pruning, and protecting it from damage. By planting and
adopting trees, individuals and communities can make a significant contribution to preserving the
environment and creating a sustainable future for generations to come.

Rose Plant
Introduction: Rose plants are one of the most popular and widely cultivated plants in the world,
known for their beautiful flowers, delightful fragrance, and medicinal properties. Here are some features
and benefits of rose plants,

Features:
 Rose plants belong to the genus Rosa, which has over 100 species and thousands of cultivars.
 They are deciduous or evergreen shrubs or climbers, with thorny stems and leaves that are typically
green and serrated.
 The flowers of rose plants come in a range of colors, from white and pink to red and yellow, and can
be single or double-petaled.
Roses bloom in spring and summer and require full sun, well-drained soil, and regular watering and
fertilization to thrive.

Benefits:
 The flowers of rose plants are often used for ornamental purposes, in bouquets, floral arrangements, and as
gifts for special occasions.
 Rose petals are also used to make rose water, which has a pleasant fragrance and is used in cooking,
cosmetics, and perfumes.
 Rose plants are also believed to have medicinal properties, such as relieving stress, improving digestion,
and reducing inflammation.
 Rosehips, the fruit of rose plants, are a rich source of vitamin C and are used in herbal teas and
supplements for their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.

Overall, rose plants are versatile, beautiful, and beneficial plants that add value to any garden or landscape

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Plantation drive Held in College
Common Name: Rose (Rosa)
Family Name: Rosaceae

The rose plant is a deciduous or evergreen shrub or climber that belongs to the
Rosaceae family. It is known for its beautiful and fragrant flowers that come in a
wide range of colors, including red, pink, yellow, white, and more. The flowers have
a distinct shape and are usually composed of five petals, although some varieties may
have more. The leaves of the rose plant are typically green and serrated, and the
stems are thorny. Roses require well-drained soil and full sun exposure to thrive, and
they bloom in the spring and summer months. Roses are often grown for ornamental
purposes, as they are a popular choice for gardens, floral arrangements, and gifts.
They are also used in herbal remedies, cosmetics, perfumes, and teas.

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So let us know about some other plants around us
Jasmine

Jasmine is a genus of shrubs and vines in the olive family (Oleaceae) that are known for their
fragrant, star-shaped flowers. The most commonly known and cultivated species is the
common jasmine (Jasminum officinale), which is native to Iran and is widely grown for its
sweetly scented white flowers. The jasmine plant can be grown as a shrub or a vine,
depending on the species and the growing conditions. It is known for its glossy, dark green
leaves and delicate, fragrant flowers, which bloom from late spring to early fall. The flowers
are typically white or yellow, but can also be pink or red, depending on the species. Jasmine
is often used in perfumes and aromatherapy due to its sweet, floral scent. In traditional
medicine, it has been used to treat a variety of ailments, including headaches, anxiety, and
digestive issues. The plant is also used in teas and culinary dishes in some cultures.

Jasmine plants are relatively easy to grow and can thrive in a variety of soil types and
climates, depending on the species. They prefer full sun to partial shade and moderate
moisture. Pruning can help shape the plant and encourage healthy growth. Overall, the
jasmine plant is a beloved and versatile addition to any garden or landscape.
 Family: Oleaceae
 Kingdom: Plantae
 Genus: Jasminum
 Species: Jasminum sambac

Medicinal importance

• Anti-inflammatory properties: Jasmine oil has been shown to have anti-inflammatory

properties which may help reduce inflammation in the body.
• Sleep aid: Jasmine may help improve sleep quality and reduce insomnia, as the scent of
jasmine has been found to have a sedative effect.
• Anxiety and depression: The scent of jasmine has been found to have a calming effect
on the nervous system and may help alleviate anxiety and depression
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Tulip
Tulip is a genus of flowering plants in the Liliaceae family, native to Eurasia and North
Africa. They are herbaceous perennials that grow from bulbs, and produce showy, cup-
shaped flowers in a wide range of colors, including white, pink, red, yellow, purple, and
orange. Tulips are popular ornamental plants, prized for their beauty and early spring
flowering. They have been cultivated for centuries, with the first commercial cultivation of
tulips dating back to the 16th century in the Ottoman Empire. Today, the Netherlands is the
largest producer and exporter of tulips in the world. Tulips are also associated with various
cultural and historical significance, including the Dutch Golden Age, the Ottoman Empire,
and the concept of "tulip mania" during the 17th century.

Today, tulips remain popular as both garden plants and cut flowers. They are also used in
floral arrangements, and are often associated with spring and Easter. In addition to their
ornamental value, some tulips are also used for medicinal purposes, as they contain
compounds that have anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer properties.
 Family: Liliaceae
 Kingdom: Plantae
 Genus: Tulipa
 Species: Tulipa gesneriana

Medicinal
1. Antioxidant activity: Tulips contain antioxidants, such as anthocyanins and flavonoids,
which can help protect the body against oxidative stress and damage caused by free
radicals.

2. Anti-cancer properties: Some studies have suggested that certain compounds found in
tulips, such as tulipalins, may have anti-cancer properties. Tulipalins have been found
to inhibit the growth of cancer cells in vitro, although more research is needed to
determine their potential effectiveness in humans.

Peepal Tree
Ficus religiosa or sacred fig is a species of fig native to the Indian
subcontinent[2] and Indochina[3] that belongs to Moraceae, the fig or
mulberry family. It is also known as the bodhi tree,[4] pippala
tree, peepul tree,[2] peepal tree, pipal tree, ashvattha tree (in India and
Nepal), or Asathu in Sinhala [5] The sacred fig is considered to have a
religious significance in three major religions that originated on the
Indian subcontinent, Hinduism, Buddhism and Jainism. Hindu and Jain
ascetics consider the species to be sacred and often meditate under it.
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This is the tree species under which Gautama Buddha is believed to have attained
enlightenment

 Clade: Tracheophytes
 Kingdom: Plantae
 Family: Moraceae
 Order: Rosales
Medicinal Importance

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• Roots: Chewing the roots of Peepal helps with gum diseases
and kills bacteria.
• Leaves: Peepal leaves are great for treating cracked skin, bruises,
acne, stretch marks, and a number of skin diseases. ...
• Stems: A mixture of Peepal stem with equal amounts
of coriander and sugar can ease up diarrhea.
• Bark: The bark can be boiled and used as a mouthwash, this
helps with a toothache

Banyan Tree
A banyan, also spelled "banian",[1] is a fig that develops
accessory trunks from adventitious prop roots, allowing the
tree to spread outwards indefinitely.[2] This distinguishes
banyans from other trees with a strangler habit that begin
life as an epiphyte,[3] i.e. a plant that grows on another
plant, when its seed germinates in a crack or crevice of a
host tree or edificeLike other fig species, banyans bear their
fruit in the form of a structure called a "syconium". The syconium of Ficus species supply
shelter and food for fig wasps and the trees depend on the fig wasps for pollination.
 Family: Moraceae
 Kingdom: Plantae
 Genus: Ficus
 Species: F. benghalensis
Medicinal Importance
A banyan tree treats diarrhoea
Prevents gum disease and tooth decay
Improves immunity
Stops inflammation

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Module 2- Heritage Walk and Crafts Corner

Karnataka’s Heritage
Karnataka was the part of the Maurya Empire, the first Mauryan Emperor Chandragupta Maurya died
in Shravanbelgola in Hassan District around 298 BCE where he spent last days of his life as Jain ascetic.[18]
Around 239 BCE, the Satavahana dynasty came to power and its rule lasted nearly four centuries, until the
early 3rd century CE. The disintegration of the Satavahana dynasty led to the ascent of the earliest native
kingdoms, the Kadamba Dynasty of Banavasi in modern Uttara Kannada district with Mayuravarma, a
native of Talagunda in modern Shivamogga district as the founding king,[19][20][21][22][23][24] and the Western
Ganga Dynasty in southern Karnataka,[25][26] marking the birth of the region as an independent political
entity.
These were the first kingdoms to give administrative status to Kannada language as evidenced by
the Halmidi inscription of 450, attributed to King Kakusthavarma of the Kadamba Dynasty.[27][28] Also, recent
discovery of a 5th-century copper coin in Banavasi, ancient capital of the Kadambas, with Kannada
script inscription on it, further proves the usage of Kannada at an official level
Our Visit to Historic Places Of Karnataka

• Aadhichunchangiri
• Melkote cheluvanarayana swamy
History about Aadhichunchangiri
Adichunchanagiri, also called Mahasamsthana Math, is a hill township in Nagamangala Taluk, Mandya
District, Karnataka State, India, 110 km west of Bangalore, the capital of Karnataka, India and 6 km from Bangalore-
Mangalore National Highway 48, northerly to Bellur cross. Sri Adichunchanagiri Mahasamsthana Math is situated on a
rocky hill at an altitude of about 3,300 ft. above M.s.l. It is the spiritual headquarters of the Natha Parampare and Jogi Cult
of Hindus of Karnataka.

Kalabhairaveshwara Temple
Sri Kalabhairaveshwara is the Kshetra Palaka of Sri Adichunchanagiri Mahasamsthana Math. Lord Gangadhareshwara is
the presiding deity. The Pancha Lingas, the Jwala Peetha, Sthambamba are all held in great reverence by the devotees. The
peak point of the Giri (hillock) is known as Akasha Bhairava and the sacred pond by the temple is Bindu Sarovara. Two
lakes have been built for the deepostava programmes. The old Bindu Sarovara was also renovated as per agama tradition.

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The Shivapurana, inscriptions and the folklore have references to this Kshetra. Legends say
that AdiRudra handed over this Kshethra to Siddha Yogi who established the Siddha
Simhasana and the Math. The present head, Sri Sri Sri Nirmalanandanatha Swamiji is the
72nd head of this Mutt. Swamiji became the head of the Mutt in 2013. The Mutt grew
rapidly under the 71st pontiff jagadguru padma bhushan Sri Sri Sri Dr. Balagangadharanatha
Swamiji who headed the mutt from 1974 to 2013.[1]

The two major attractions of Adi Chunchanagiri in Bengaluru are the Adichunchanagiri
Math and the Peacock Sanctuary. Located on the Adichunchanagiri hills, Nagamangala taluk
of Mandya district this Math is a popular tourist destination. The striking feature of Adi
Chunchanagiri is its beauty.

The place is a perfect spot for nature lovers. Its agreeable climate and impressive landscape
attracts tourists from all over the world. Adi Chunchanagiri is the seat of Swami of
Vokkaliga community.

Adi Chunchanagiri is a unique tourist attraction in Karnataka. Apart from being a historic
site it will also grab the attention of animal lovers. The Adichunchanagiri Peacock Sanctuary
is worth visiting. The altitude of the sanctuary may vary from 770 to 1000 meters. If one is
touring the Adichunchanagiri sanctuary during monsoon then the sight of the dancing
peacock is sure to captivate him. The main idea behind this national park is to preserve
animals. Bonnet macaque, fruit bat, jungle cat, hare and common mongoose have chosen
Adichunchanagiri as their dwelling place. The sheer diversity of the birds will definitely woo
your hearts. The conservation of the peacock will remain the first and foremost issue with
the authorities.

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Melkote Sri cheluvanaraya Swamy
Melukote in Pandavapura taluk of Mandya district, Karnataka, in southern India, is one of
the sacred places in Karnataka.It is built on rocky hills, known as Yadugiri, Yaadavagiri
and Yadushailadeepa, overlooking the Cauvery valley. Melukote is about 51 km (32 miles)
from Mysore and 133 km (83 mi) from Bangalore.
Melukote is the location of the Cheluvanarayana Swamy Temple, with a collection of crowns
and jewels which are brought to the temple for the annual celebration. On the top of the hill
is the temple of Yoganarasimha. Many more shrines and ponds are located in the town.
Melukote is home to the academy of Sanskrit Research, which has collected thousands
of Vedic and Sanskrit manuscripts.[2]
Early in the 12th century, the famous Srivaishnava saint Sri Ramanujacharya, who hailed
from Tamil Nadu, stayed at Melukote for about 12 years. It has thus become a prominent
centre of the Srivaishnava sect.

In the 12th century, the Srivaishnava saint Ramanujacharya took up his residence in this
location for about 14 years. As a result, it became a prominent centre of Srivaishnavism.
Large numbers of Iyengar Brahmins migrated and settled in the region, forming the
Mandyam Iyengar community.
In the early 16th century, there were around a thousand houses where Brahmins lived. In the
18th century[3] Tipu Sultan ordered his army to wipe out the Brahmins performing Pooja at
the temple. Nearly 800 families were performing Pooja and the army slaughtered ~1500
mandya Brahmins on the first day of Diwali. Since then, the people of Melukote do not light
Diyas neither they celebrate Diwali.

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Cheluva-Narayana Swamy Temple

The principal temple is a square building of large dimensions but very plain, dedicated to
Lord Cheluva-Narayana Swamy or Thirunarayana. The utsavamurthi, which is a metallic
image, represents the deity who is called Shelvapillai, Cheluva Raya and
Cheluvanarayana Swamy, whose original name appears to have been Ramapriya (meaning
"Rama's Favourite"). It is believed that this utsavamurthi belonged to and was worshipped
by Lord Rama and the kings of the surya vamsa Dynasty for generations. Later the same
deity was given to a king of Chandra vamsam (the dynasty of Lord Krishna) and was
worshipped by Lord Krishna and many generations. So CheluvaNarayana is so unique that
he was worshipped by both Rama

The temple is richly endowed, having been under the special patronage of the Vijaya nagar
king Vikitapathi Raya and Mysore kings, and it has an extremely valuable collection of
jewels in its custody. As early as 1614, Maharaja Raja Wodeyar I (1578–1617) of Mysore,
who first acquired Srirangapatna and adopted the Srivaishnava faith, granted to the temple,
and to the Brahmins at Melkote as custodians of the deity, the large and valuable estate
(fiefdom) granted to him by Vijaynagar emperor Venkatapati Raya. On one of the pillars of
the temple's nava-aranga ("new stage" or pavilion for music and dance performances), there
stands a bas relief about 1.5 feet (0.46 m) high, of Raja Wodeyar, standing with folded
hands, with his name inscribed on the base. He is said to have been a great devotee of the
presiding deity and a regular visitor to the temple. A gold crown set with precious jewels
was presented by him to the temple. This crown is known as the Raja-mudi, after his name.
From the inscriptions on some of the gold jewels and on gold and silver vessels in the
temple, it is learnt that they were presents from Krishnaraja Wadiyar III (r. 1799–1831) and
his queens.

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Sri Yoga narasimhaswamy
Sri yoganarasimha swamy temple in melukote houses a very beautiful vigraha of
Sri yoga narasimhaswamy one of the incarnations of lord Vishnu It is said that
this deity was installed by bhakata prahaldha who was rescued by lord
Narasimha himself from his demonic father Hiranyakashipu

Temple Structure
The Yoga Narasimha Temple in melukote features of an extraordinary structural
Design . this ancient temple ober 1000 years old was built during the hoysala
kingdom. Several rulers like wodayars kings of mysore and few more have
contributed towards the temples paraphemalia for lords worship the temple is
located on a rocky hill known as yadavagiri rock overlooking the cauvery valley
The temple has over 300 steep steps accessible halfway by light motors at the
height of 1777meters above the sea level the ancient templefascinates devotees
due to its architectural magnificence, tranquil environment and spiritual
importance. There are around 300 steps that lead to the temple situated high up
on the hill. The elaborate engravings on the columns and the whole structure of
the temple offer a preview into the architectural elegance of the former period
The temple gopura is noticeable from a distance due to its altitude , however the
full splendour of the intricate job of the artists is the visible on a closer look

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Art and crafts corner
Karnataka is a state in the south-western region of India, rich in terms of culture, language
traditions, art, craft, and architecture. It has been home to some of the most powerful empires
of ancient and medieval India. Being one of the major tourism hubs in India, The state has
contributed to the country in the field of arts, crafts, and architecture. Mysore paintings are
the most important form of classic south Indian painting which originated in the historical
capital city of Karnataka-Mysore. Having a history of more than 700 years, this craft is
known for its elegance, colors, and the number of details in the paintings. The base of the
painting—a paper board is to be prepared by drying it in the sun and then rubbing it
smoothly with a polished quartz pebble. After preparation of the base, a rough sketch is
drawn with a crayon made using the straight twigs of the tamarind tree

First, the furthest objects such as sky, hill, and river are painted. Then the animal and human
figures were done with great detail. Finally, the ‘gesso paste’ (made by mixing zinc oxide
and Arabic gum) is used as an embossing material to depict intricate designs of clothes,
jewelry, and architectural details and covered with gold foil. This is unique to the Mysore
painting style and is a hallmark of the traditional paintings of Karnataka.
The story of Karnataka’s arts and crafts is never complete without a reference to the
traditional Mysore paintings. The art dates back to the Ajanta times and to the reign of the
Vijayanagar kings. It was a ruler with an artistic vision-Mummadri Krishnaraja Wadiyar-
who revived the art of painting. Sandalwood carving is a popular craft form practiced in
Karnataka, particularly in the districts of Uttara Kannada, Mysore, Bangalore, and
Shivamogga. The craft has a history of at least a thousand years. The expert craft persons in
the field are called Gudigars in Kannada. Bidar in north Karnataka is a famous center for
bidriware-a well-developed craft, which includes the use of a metal plate of an alloy made
of zinc, copper, tin, and lead. This craft had its origins during the rule of the Bahamani
kings.
Bidri articles include ornamental jugs, bowls, plates, penholders, candlesticks, and even
paper knives. Chittara folk art is a traditional form of painting practiced by the Deewaru
community, residing in the marinade region (in and around the district of Shivamogga) of
Karnataka. This art form uses intricate designs and geometric patterns to depict the
auspicious ceremonies and rituals of life. It is considered more of a socio-cultural aspect of
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their lives, more than a mere profession

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Module 3 – Waste Management and Organic farming

Waste management or waste disposal includes the processes and actions required to
manage waste from its inception to its final disposal.[1] This includes the collection, transport,
treatment and disposal of waste, together with monitoring and regulation of the waste
management process and waste-related laws, technologies, economic mechanisms.
Waste can be solid, liquid, or gases and each type has different methods of disposal and
management. Waste management deals with all types of waste, including
industrial, biological, household, municipal, organic, biomedical, radioactive wastes. In
some cases, waste can pose a threat to human health.[2] Health issues are associated
throughout the entire process of waste management. Health issues can also arise indirectly or
directly: directly through the handling of solid waste, and indirectly through the
consumption of water, soil and food. Waste is produced by[3] human activity, for example,
the extraction and processing of raw materials.[4] Waste management is intended to reduce
adverse effects of waste on human health, the environment, planetary resources and
aesthetics.

Proper management of waste is important

for building sustainable and liveable
cities, but it remains a challenge for many
developing countries and cities. A report
found that effective waste management is
relatively expensive, usually comprising
20%–50% of municipal budgets.
Operating this essential municipal service
requires integrated systems that are efficient, sustainable, and socially supported.[6] A large
portion of waste management practices deal with municipal solid waste (MSW) which is the
bulk of the waste that is created by household, industrial, and commercial
activity.[7] According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), municipal
solid waste is expected to reach approximately 3.4 Gt by 2050; however, policies and
lawmaking can reduce the amount of waste produced in different areas and cities of the
world.[8] Measures of waste management include measures for integrated techno-economic
mechanisms[9] of a circular economy, effective disposal facilities, export and import
control[10][11] and optimal sustainable design of products that are produced.

The aim of waste management is to reduce the dangerous effects of such waste on the
environment and human health. A big part of waste management deals with municipal solid
waste, which is created by industrial, commercial, and household activity.
Waste management practices are not uniform among countries (developed and developing
nations); regions (urban and rural areas), and residential and industrial sectors can all take
different approaches

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Segregation collection and disposal of waste
This is the separation of wet waste and dry waste. The purpose is to recycle dry waste easily
and to use wet waste as compost. When segregating waste, the amount of waste that gets
landfilled reduces considerably, resulting in lower levels of air and water pollution.
Importantly, waste segregation should be based on the type of waste and the most
appropriate treatment and disposal. This also makes it easier to apply different processes to
the waste, like composting, recycling and incineration. It is important to practice waste
management and segregation as a community. One way to practice waste management is to
ensure there is awareness. The process of waste segregation should be explained to the
community

A landfill site, also known as a tip, dump, rubbish dump, garbage dump, or dumping
ground, is a site for the disposal of waste materials. Landfill is the oldest and most common
form
of waste disposal, although the systematic burial of the waste with daily, intermediate
and final covers only began in the 1940s. In the past, refuse was simply left in piles or
thrown into pits; in archeology this is known as a midden.
Some landfill sites are used for waste management purposes, such as temporary storage,
consolidation and transfer, or for various stages of processing waste material, such as
sorting, treatment, or recycling. Unless they are stabilized, landfills may undergo severe
shaking or soil liquefaction of the ground during an earthquake. Once full, the area over a
landfill site may be reclaimed for other uses.

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Organic Farming
What is Organic Farming?
Organic farming is a farming method that does not use synthetic or chemical fertilizers,
pesticides, or growth substances in the production of crops and livestock Organic
farming uses natural or biological fertilizers and pest controls derived from animal or plant
wastes or cover crops. Organic farming aims to maintain or improve the ecological balance
and reduce the environmental harm caused by conventional agriculture.
What are organic Manure?
Manure is organic matter that is used as organic fertilizer in agriculture. Most manure
consists of animal feces; other sources include compost and green manure. Manures
contribute to the fertility of soil by adding organic matter and nutrients, such as nitrogen, that
are utilised by bacteria, fungi and other organisms in the soil. Higher organisms then feed on
the fungi and bacteria in a chain of life that comprises the soil food web.

What is Compost?
Compost is a mixture of ingredients used as plant fertilizer and to improve soil's physical,
chemical, and biological properties. It is commonly prepared by decomposing plant and food
waste, recycling organic materials, and manure. The resulting mixture is rich in plant
nutrients and beneficial organisms, such as bacteria, protozoa, nematodes, and fungi.
Compost improves soil fertility in gardens, landscaping, horticulture, urban agriculture,
and organic farming, reducing dependency on commercial chemical fertilizers.[1] The benefits
of compost include providing nutrients to crops as fertilizer, acting as a soil conditioner,
increasing the humus or humic acid contents of the soil, and introducing beneficial microbes
that help to suppress pathogens in the soil and reduce soil-borne diseases.

What is Vermi Compost?

Vermicompost (vermi-compost) is the product of the decomposition process using various
species of worms, usually red wigglers, white worms, and other earthworms, to create a
mixture of decomposing vegetable or food waste, bedding materials, and vermicast. This
process is called vermicomposting, with the rearing of worms for this purpose is
called vermiculture.
Vermicast (also called worm castings,[a] worm humus, worm poop, worm manure,
or worm faeces) is the end-product of the breakdown of organic matter by earthworms.

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Module 4 – Water Conservation
What is Water Conservation ?
Water conservation includes all the policies, strategies and activities to sustainably manage
the natural resource of fresh water, to protect the hydrosphere, and to meet the current and
future human demand (thus avoiding water scarcity). Population, household size and growth
and affluence all affect how much water is used. Factors such as climate change have
increased pressures on natural water resources especially in manufacturing and
agricultural irrigation. Many countries have already implemented policies aimed at water
conservation, with much success. The key activities to conserve water are as follows:
any beneficial reduction in water loss, use and waste of resources,[3] avoiding any damage
to water quality; and improving water management practices that reduce the use or enhance
the beneficial use of water. Technology solutions exist for households, commercial and
agricultural applications. Water conservation programs involved in social solutions are
typically initiated at the local level, by either municipal water utilities or regional
governments. Common strategies include public outreach campaigns,[6] tiered water rates
(charging progressively higher prices as water use increases), or restrictions on outdoor
water use such as lawn watering and car washing
The KRS Dam

Krishna Raja Sagara, also popularly known as KRS, is a lake and the dam that creates it.
They are close to the settlement of Krishna Raja Sagara in the Indian State of Karnataka.
The gravity dam made of surki mortar is below the confluence of river Kaveri with its
tributaries Hemavati and Lakshmana Tirtha, in the district of Mandya.
Krishna Raja Wadiyar IV Maharaj of Mysore constructed the dam during the famine despite
the critical financial condition in State. It was after him that the dam was named.[3] There is
an ornamental garden, Brindavan Gardens, attached to the dam
Construction began in November 1911, and 10,000 workers were employed. A mortar
known as surki was used in place of cement, as the latter was not manufactured in India at
the time and importing would prove costly for the state.[6] By the time construction
completed in 1931, around 5,000 to 10,000 persons had lost their homes to the project.
However, they were rehabilitated and provided with agricultural land in the adjacent areas by
the government.
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The region of Mysore and especially Mandya had historically been dry and had witnessed
mass migration to adjoining areas in the hot summers. A severe drought in 1875–76 partly
due to the British Government in India had wiped out one-fifth of the population of
the Kingdom of Mysore. Crop failures were common due to lack of water for irrigation. The
Kaveri river was seen as a potential source of irrigation water for the farmers in and
around Mysore in the erstwhile Kingdom of Mysore.

The Chief Engineer of Mysore, faced opposition from the finance ministry of the
government of Mysore, who said the project would "serve no purpose" and that the
electricity produced from it would not be of complete use due to lack in demand. He then
approached T. Ananda Rao, the Diwan of Mysore and the Maharaja Krishna Raja Wadiyar
IV for a reconsideration.[6] Upon examining, the latter gave his consent issuing an order on 11
October 1911 to begin the project and a sum of ₹81 lakh was set aside for it. Madras
Presidency then opposed the project and urged the imperial government to not approve it.
Upon Visvesvaraya's persuasion, the government consented. However, the initial plan to
build a dam 194-feet high to hold an estimated 41,500,000,000 cu ft (1.18 km3) of water had
to be dropped

Built in 1932

Built by Sir M. Visveswaraya

Location Built across kaveri river locate in Mandya District (Karnataka)

Depth 194 feet

Capacity 49.5tmcft maximum 124.80ft

Main Purpose used for for irrigation purpose (estimated 330 acres)

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Ways to Conserve Water in our surroundings and in college campus
Sprinkler Facility made must be made available in college garden areas
Sprinkler :
Sprinkler irrigation system allows application of water under high pressure with the help
of a pump. It releases water similar to rainfall through a small diameter nozzle placed in the
pipes. Water is distributed through a system of pipes, sprayed into air and irrigates in most of
the soil type due to wide range of discharge capacity.

Sprinkler irrigation systems apply irrigation water to the plants from above (Fig. 13.2). In
some greenhouse and shade structures, plumbing is mounted overhead. Overhead installation
does have the advantage that the plumbing is protected from mechanical damage by vehicles
and persons. Installations can also have supply lines buried in the soil below the crop or
mounted to the infrastructure. Movable sprinkler systems are also in use in various parts of
the world. Crops for which it is undesirable to wet the foliage (e.g., some ornamental crops)
can be irrigated with microsprinklers to the base of the plants.

Rain Water Harvesting

Rainwater harvesting (RWH) is the collection and storage of rain, rather than allowing it
to run off. Rainwater is collected from a roof-like surface and redirected to a tank, cistern,
deep pit (well, shaft, or borehole), aquifer, or a reservoir with percolation, so that it seeps
down and restores the ground water. Dew and fog can also be collected with nets or other
tools.
Rainwater harvesting differs from stormwater harvesting as the runoff is typically collected
from roofs and other surfaces for storage and subsequent reuse.   Its uses include watering
gardens, livestock,[3] irrigation, domestic use with proper treatment, and domestic heating.
The harvested water can also be committed to longer-term storage or groundwater recharge.[4]
Rainwater harvesting is one of the simplest and oldest methods of self-supply of water for
households, having been used in South Asia and other countries for many thousands of
years.[5] Installations can be designed for different scales including households,
neighbourhoods and communities and can also be designed to serve institutions such as
schools, hospitals and other public facilities
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Module 5 -Food Walk
Karnataka's state cuisine has one of the oldest surviving cuisines of the Kanada culture.
Primarily, consisting of rice, pulses and Rotis made of wheat/Jowar along with rich,
spiced curries. Karnataka's cuisine also borrows some elements from its neighbouring
states of Tamil Nadu, Kerala and Maharashtra.

Karnataka cuisine is rich in both vegetarian as well as non-vegetarian dishes. Some of

the very common food items include Idli-Vada sambhar, Vangi bath, Akki roti and Bisi
Bele Bath. Udupi cuisine from Udupi and Mysore are loved by the localities and people
from outside and has now, seeped into various cultures in and around Karnataka. The
famous Masala Dosas and variety of idlis, Rava Dosas and Medu Vada are all part of the
Udupi cuisine that well-known in the state. Sambhar and rice for the sweet tooth, Mysore
Pak, Dharwad's peda, Holige and Sajjige are some mouth-watering sweet dishes.

Food walk Held by the Department

Karnataka cuisine includes the cuisines of the different
regions and communities of the Indian state of
Karnataka, namely, Uttara Karnataka cuisine,
Dakshina Karnataka cuisine, Udupi cuisine,
Mangalurean cuisine, Kodava cuisine, Saraswat
cuisine, Mangalurean Catholic cuisine and Navayath
Muslim cuisine.

Each and every group prepared varities of dishes which represents the speciality of each and
every district of Karnataka
So our group prepared 4 dishes with 1 healthy drink
• Holige
• Jolada Rotti-ennegai palya
• Hassan Kadbu
• Veg Biriyani
• Muskmelon Juice

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Specialities of the dishes can be seen below
1. Holige
Holige is a traditional flatbread which enjoys popularity
in the states of Karnataka, Maharashtra, Gujarat and
Goa. It generally has a sweet filling inside and is loaded
with scrumptious flavors to relish. This South Indian
recipe along with it's pleasing flavors would be much
appreciated by anybody who happened to have a sweet
tooth
Origin:
Puran poli/ obbattu(Holige) is an Indian sweet flatbread that has its
origin from Andhra Pradesh .
Main ingredients: Wheat flour, sugar, chana, ghee, jaggery
Place of origin: India
Region or state: Maharashtra, Andhra
Pradesh, Karnataka, Gujarat, Goa, Telangana, Kerala and Tamil Nadu

Nutritional values
Measure (Daily
Nutrient
Value)
Calories 367
Carbohydrates 86.4 gm
Protein 5.19 gm
Fat 0.17 gm
Dietary fibre 0.20%
Vitamin C 8.35 gm
Iron 3.48 mg
Calcium 103 mg
Potassium 407 mg
Sodium 4.51 mg
Phosphorus 55 mg

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2. Jolada rotti yennegai palya
Jolada roti or Jowar bhakri is a must in any North
Karnataka house. It is an unleavened Indian bread
made out of jowar (Sorghum), which is not just
delicious to taste but also contains good source of
nutrients.
Jolada rotti is an unleavened Indian bread made of
sorghum bicolor It is coarser than a roti. It can be either
soft or hard in texture, compared to a khakhra or cracker with respect to
hardness. The name literally translates as "sorghum bread". Jolada rotti is part
of the staple diet of most of the districts of North Karnataka, where it is eaten
with Pulse curries such as jhunka, yengai, shenga chutney or other assorted
chutnies.
Origin
North Karnataka
Alternative names Bijapur billi, jollad rotti, bhakri
Type Bread
Place of origin India

Region or state Maharashtra, Karnataka, Telangana

Nutritional chart
Calories ---329
Total Fat--- 3.5g
Saturated ---Fat 0.6g
Total Carbohydrate ---72g
Dietary Fiber--- 6.7g
Sugar--- 2.5g
Protein ---11g
Calcium ---13.00mg
Iron ---3.36mg
Potassium--- 363mg
Sodium ---2mg
Thiamine ---0.35mg
Riboflavin--- 0.14mg
Niacin--- 2.1mg
Folate ---39.42mg

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3. Hassan kadbu
Kara Kadubu Recipe is a popular breakfast and
tea time snack recipe from the Malanad region of
Karnataka. Kadubu is a steamed dumpling made
of rava or coarsely ground down rice. A handful
of spices are used to give it a touch of flavour,
but it is a humble, simple everyday breakfast in
most homes of the region. You can serve the Kara
Kadubu along with Uchellu Chutney for a typical
Malnad-styled breakfast or evening snack with Huchellu Chutney.
Origin
Cuisine: Karnataka
Course: South Indian Breakfast
Diet: Vegetarian

Nutritional Chart
 Calories: 242

 Fat: 0.4g

 Sodium: 0mg

 Carbohydrates: 53.4g

 Fiber: 0.6g

 Sugars: 0g

 Protein: 4.4g

 Manganese:0.7mg

 Iron: 2.7mg

 Thiamin: 0.3mg

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4. Veg Biriyani
A world-renowned Indian dish, biryani takes time and practice to make
but is worth every bit of the effort. Long-grained rice (like basmati)
flavored with fragrant spices such as saffron and layered with lamb,
chicken, fish, or vegetables and a thick gravy. The dish is then covered,
its lid secured with dough, and then the biryani is cooked over a low
flame.
This is definitely a special occasion dish.

Types of Biryani
There are several main types of biryani that are specific to certain
communities. Each variety is named after the place it was
created.

 Hyderabadi biryani: This biryani is one of India's most popular types of biryani. It
incorporates goat meat that is marinated and cooked along with the rice and is seasoned
with coconut and saffron.
 Malabar Biriyani: This is the only version of biryani in Kerala, an Indian state. It is a
popular dish eaten by the Malabar Muslim community and incorporates Khyma rice
mixed with ghee.
 Ambur biryani: This leather-tanning city in Tamil Nadu makes one of the most famous
types of biryani, and the town has more biryani shops than any other city in the world.
The meat and rice are cooked separately and then brought together, along with mint
leaves and curd.

Origin

Alternative namesBiriyani, Biriani, Beriani, Briyani, Breyani, Briani, Birani, Buriyani,

Bariania, Beriani
CourseMain dish
Region or stateIndian subcontinent, Western Asia, Central Asia, Southeast Asia
Serving temperature Hot
Main ingredientsRice · Spices · Meat

Nutritional Chart

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5. Muskmelon juice
Muskmelon Juice Recipe is a completely refreshing juice
that you must make when the melons are in season. The
Muskmelon is also called Cantaloupe or Kharbuz.
Muskmelon contains a lot of water and vital nutrients.
Juicing the melons helps to cool the body during summers
and also provides us with healthful benefits.

Muskmelon juice contains mineral salts that help achieve

healthy skin, hair and nails. You can even serve it as a
welcome drink to your guests during hot days.

Some of its uses aíe:

 Hydíates and íejuvenates skin cells.
 Píevents ageing symptoms.
 ľíeats eczema and otheí skin píoblems.
 Píevents haií loss and seíves as the ideal conditioneí

Nutrient Amount % Daily Value

Calories 61.2 3%
Total Carbohydrate 15.5 g 5%
Fiber 1.4 g 5%

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Thank You

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