International Standard 64911

INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR STANDARDIZATION*ME)I(I1YHAPO~HAR OPI-AHM3AL&lR fl0 CTAH~APTbl3A~MWORGANISATION INTERNATIONALE DE ~JORMALISATION

Laboratory glassware - Density hydrometers for general

purposes -
Part 1 : Specification
Verrerie de faboratoire - Arhomhres & masse volumique dusage gh&al - Partie 1 : Spkifications

First edition - 19814845

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ISO 649-1:1981
https://standards.iteh.ai/catalog/standards/sist/bc6e1e66-3616-441a-b355-
e7352973b6a1/iso-649-1-1981

U DC 531.756.3 Ref. No. ISO649/1-1981 (E)

Descriptors : glassware, laboratory glassware, hydrometers, measuring instruments, density (mass/volume), specifications, dimensions,
interfacial tension, precision.

Price based on 9 pages

Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of
national Standards institutes (ISO member bedies). The work of developing Inter-
national Standards is carried out through ISO technical committees. Every member
body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been set up has the
right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental
and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.

Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to

the member bodies for approval before their acceptance as International Standards by
the ISO Council.

International Standard
iTeh STANDARD PREVIEW
ISO 649/1 was developed by Technical Committee ISO/TC 48,

(standards.iteh.ai)
Laboratoty glassware and related apparatus, and was circulated to the member bodies
in September 1979.

lt has been approved by the member bodies of the followingISO 649-1:1981

countries :
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Australia India
e7352973b6a1/iso-649-1-1981
Portugal
Brazil Italy Romania
Canada Korea, Rep. of South Africa, Rep. of
Czechoslovakia Libyan Arab Jamahiriya Spain.
France Mexico United Kingdom
Germany, F.R. Netherlands USSR
Hungary Poland

No member body expressed disapproval of the document.

International Standards ISO 649/1 and ISO 649/2, cancel and replace ISO Recommen-
dation R 6494968, of which they constitute a technical revision.

0 International Organkation for Standardkation, 1981

Printed in Switzerland
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 649/1-1981 (E)

Laboratory glassware - Density hydrometers for general

purposes -
Part 1 : Specification

1 Scope and field of application ISO 64912, Laboratory glassware - Density hydrometers for
general purposes - Part 2 : Test methods and use. 1)

This part of ISO 649 specifies requirements for five basic series ISO 1768, Glass h ydrometers - Conventional value for the
of glass hydrometers of constant mass which are graduated to thermal cubic expansion coefficient ffor use in the preparation
indicate density (kg/m3 or g/ml) at 20 OC. of measurement tables for liquids).

ISO 3675, Crude Petroleum and liquid Petroleum products -

Esch series comprises hydrometers which between them cover
Laboratory determination of density or relative density -
the interval 600 to 2 000 kg/m3 or 0,6 to 2,0 g/ml. The
Hydrometer method.
hydrometers are graduated appropriately for use in liquids of
low, medium or high surface tension.
3 Basis of scale
lt also specifies three sub-series of hydrometers which are

hydrometers have smaller tolerantes iTeh STANDARD PREVIEW

graduated to indicate density at either 20 OC or 15 OC. These
on scale error, are limited
The basis of scale shall be density (mass per unit volume) in
kilograms per cubic metre (kg/m3). The use of grams per cubic
to the range 600 to 1 100 kg/m3 or 0,6 to 1,l g/ml and are for centimetre (g/cm3), for which the Symbol g/ml may be used, is
use in liquids of low surface tension. (standards.iteh.ai) accepted.

This International Standard does not cover hydrometers ISO NOTE - The term millilitre (ml) is commonly used as a special name
with 649-1:1981
a
for the cubic centimetre (cms), in accordance with a decision of the
built-in thermometer, for which a separate International Stan-
https://standards.iteh.ai/catalog/standards/sist/bc6e1e66-3616-441a-b355-
twelfth Conference Generale des Poids et Mesures. The term millilitre
dard is under consideration. The hydrometers comply with the
e7352973b6a1/iso-649-1-1981
is acceptable, in general, for reference to capacities of volumetric
requirements of ISO 387. glassware and is used in the present text.

A table of Standard categories of surface tension is given in

annex A. A table of recommended stem diameters is given, for 4 Reference temperature
guidance in manufacture, in annex B.
4.1 The reference temperature for density hydrometers,
Part 2 of this International Standard deals with test methods excluding the special sub-series L5OSP, M5OSP and S5OSP,
and use of density hydrometers. shail be 20 OC. When used in a liquid at this temperature, the
hydrometer shall indicate the density of the liquid at 20 OC.

4.2 The reference temperature for density hydrometers of the

2 References special sub-series L5OSP, M5OSP and S5OSP shall be either
20 OC or 15 OC. When used in a liquid at the appropriate
ISO 387, Hydrometers - Principles of construction and adjust- temperature, the hydrometer shall indicate the density of the
ment. liquid at that temperature.

1) At present at the Stage of draft. (Revision, in Part, of ISO/R 649.)

1
ISO 649/1-1981 (El

5 Surface tension 8.2 The loading material shall be fixed in the bottom of the
hydrometer. After the finished hydrometer has been kept in a
The adjustmen t shall be related to specific capillary conditions horizontal Position for 1 h at 80 OC and subsequently cooled in
as follows : that Position, the instrument shall meet the requirements of
9.3.
5.1 When the hydrometer is slightly displaced from its
equilibrium Position in a liquid, the stem Passes through the 8.3 The Strip on which the scale and inscriptions are marked
liquid surface without causing any apparent alteration in the shall have a smooth matt surface. The Strip shall show no
shape of the meniscus. evidente of charring. The Strip bearing the scale shall not
become discoloured or distorted when the stem is exposed for
1 h to a temperature of 80 OC.
5.2 The hydrometer scale shall be adjusted either for a given
liquid having a given sut-face tension, or for one of the Standard
NOTE - If a hydrometer is intended to be used at a temperature above
categories of surface tension given in annex A. Except where
80 OC, the loading material and the Strip bearing the scale shall meet
the highest precision is required, one of the Standard categories
the requirements of 8.2 and 8.3 at a temperature slightly above the
of surface tension given in annex A shall be used. temperature of use.

For hydrometers of the highest precision, intended for use in

particular liquids (for example alcohol solutions), the surface 84. There shall be no loose material in the instrument.
tension values appropriate to clean surfaces of these liquids
and to the actual indications of the hydrometer shall be used
[sec clause 14 c)l . 9 Form

The sub-series L5OSP, M5OSP and S5OSP are limited to the low 9.1 The outer surface shall be symmetrical about the main
surface tension category. axis.

6 Reference levels iTeh STANDARD

for adjustment and PREVIEW 9.2 There shall be no abrupt changes in crosssection. The
tapered design shown in figure 1 is preferred, but any design
reading which does not permit air bubbles to be trapped is acceptable.
(standards.iteh.ai)
6.1 shal be adjusted for f
-!
The scale of the hydrometers
readings taken at the level of the horizontal liquid surface ISO 649-1:1981
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NOTE - If a hydrometer having a e7352973b6a1/iso-649-1-1981
scale so adjusted is used in an
opaque liquid, readings may be taken at the top of the meniscus where
it appearato meet the Stern, but an appropriate correction to the level
of the horizontal liquid surface should then be made. (See patt 2 of this
International Standard). Alternatively, hydrometers intended for use in
opaque liquids may be adjusted for readings at the top of the meniscus. 1
62. The middle of the thickness of a scale line shall be taken
as its definitive Position

7 Immersion

Hydrometers shall be graduated for use with the emergent

stem dry, except in the immediate vicinity of the meniscus.

8 Materials and workmanship

*.
4 _’
8.1 The bulb and the stem shall be made of a suitable
transparent glass, selected and processed to be as free as
possible from stress and visible defects, and having a coeffi-
cient of cubical thermal expansion of (25 + 2) x 10-6 OC-1”. Figure 1 - Preferred
Vdesign of hydrometer bulb

* This value camplies with ISO 1768.

2
ISO 649/1-1981 (E)

9.3 The hydrometer shall float with its axis vertical to within imaginary line parallel to the axis of the instru ment. In the latter
1,5 O of arc. two cases I the vertical line may alternatively be marked.

9.4 A thermometer shall not form part of a hydrometer con-

forming with this International Standard (sec clause I 1. 10.3 Sequence of graduation lines

10.3.1 On hydrometer scales whose smallest interval is

1 kg/m3 or 0,001 g/ml :
10 Scale
a) every tenth graduation line shall be a long line;
Examples of recommended scales for the hydrometers are
illustrated in figure 2. b) there be a medium line between two consecutive
long lines;
10.1 General
c) there sh all be four short lines between consecutive
medium a nd long lines.
10.1.1 The Strip on which the scale and inscriptions are
marked shall remain securely fastened in place at the
temperature of use (sec 8.3). 10.3.2 On hydrometer scales whose smallest interval is
2 kg/m3 or 0,2 kg/m3 or 0,002 g/ml or 0,000 2 g/ml :

10.1.2 Appropriate means shall be incorporated for ensuring a) every fifth graduation line shall be a long line;
that any displacement of the scale or of the Strip bearing the
scale is readily apparent. Any displacement renders the instru- b) there shall be four short between two consecutive
ment unsuitable for use. long lines.

10.1.3 No hydrometer shall have more than one type of scale.

If a hydrometer iTeh STANDARD5 PREVIEW
has duplicate scales, the values indicated by
10.3.3 On hydrometer
kg/m3 or 0,005 g/ml :
scales whose smallest interval is

them shall not significantly differ, and both scales shall comply
with the requirements of clause 13. (standards.iteh.ai)
a) every tenth graduation line shall be a long line;

10.1.4 The scale lines and i nscriptions should preferably be

ISO 649-1:1981 b) there shall be four medium lines between two con-
black and shall be clearl y and durably marked. secutive long lines;
https://standards.iteh.ai/catalog/standards/sist/bc6e1e66-3616-441a-b355-
e7352973b6a1/iso-649-1-1981
c) there shall be one short line between two consecutive
10.1.5 The scale shall be straight and without twist.
medium lines and between consecutive medium and long
lines.
10.2 Graduation lines

10.2.1 The graduation lines shall be distinct and of uniform 10.4 Figuring of graduation lines
thickness not exceeding 0,2 mm. For the SP series, the
thickness of the graduation lines shall not exceed 0,2 mm.
10.4.1 Except in the case of duplicate scales, the scale shall
have only one set of numbers, and the last digits of the numbers
10.2.2 There shall be no evident local irregula rities in the spac- shall be vertically aligned.
ing of the graduation lines.

10.4.2 The scale shall be figured so as to enabl e the value cor-

10.2.3 The graduation lines shall be perpendicular to the axis responding to any gradua tion line to be readily indentified
of the hydrometer.

10.4.3 The highest and lowest graduation lines of the nominal

10.2.4 The scale shall be straight and without twist. limits shall be figured in full.

10.2.5 The short, medium and long scale lines shall extend, 10.4.4 At least every tenth line shall be figured.
respectively, at least one-fifth, one-third and one-half of the
way round the circumference of the Stern.
10.4.5 For density values expressed in grams per millilitre, the
decimal sign shall be included for numbers expressed in full,
10.2.6 The highest and lowest graduation lines indicating the but may be omitted from abbreviated numbers.
nominal limits of the scale shall be long lines (see 10.3.1, 10.3.2
and 10.3.3).
10.5 Extension of scale
10.2.7 The short, medium and long Iines shall each be ver-
tically disposed so that either the mid-Points, or the right hand The scale shall be extended beyond the nominal scale limits as
ends or the left hand ends of all graduation lines shall lie on an indicated in table 1.
ISO 649/1-1981 (E)

0,8700 1300=
018 =00

=02
-05 05 =

=04 04- = IO IO--

=06 06%
- ---
- ---15 I5-

-08 iTeh STANDARD

08z PREVIEW
(standards.iteh.ai) -20 20=

= IO IOE
ISO 649-1:1981
-===-25 25--
https://standards.iteh.ai/catalog/standards/sist/bc6e1e66-3616-441a-b355-
=12 12E
e7352973b6a1/iso-649-1-1981

-30 30 -E
=14 Id-

= 16 I6- -35 35 =

‘-
=18 IB- -40 tg)-
-.
--
OB =20 1320-
,-
-45 45 =

L20 Series 1350-

L50 and L5OSP Series

Figure 2 - Recommended scales

ISO649/14981(E)

(W----- Ooo 1300= 0,8- 00 mo=

-

-- - 10
- 20 26

- 20

-40 40-
-
-30

-60 66
-40 4Q=

-
iTeh STANDARD PREVIEW -80 80-
0,8 - 50 1350=
(standards.iteh.ai)
MS0 and M5OSP Series ISO 649-1:1981
https://standards.iteh.ai/catalog/standards/sist/bc6e1e66-3616-441a-b355-
03 - 00 1 400=
e7352973b6a1/iso-649-1-1981
Series

0.8 = 00 13QO= 0,8 ZZdO

- 10 10=

-- - 20 20 Iz

-30

-40

0,8= 50 1350=
0,8 E50

S50 Series S5OSP Sub ‘Series

for typical hydrometers

5
ISO 649/1-1981 (EI

Table 1 - Principal requirements for series of hydrometers

Volume
below Extension of
Nominal Minimum lowest scale at each
Bulb
Maximum range Number of scale scale graduation end beyond
diameter
total of divisions x value of length line of upper and
Series length each the scale interval (nominal nominal lower
hydrometer range) range nominal
limits
min. max. min. max.
mm kg/m3 glml kglm3 g/ml mm mm mm ml ml graduation lines
IJ0 335 20 0,020 100 x 0,2 100 x 0,000 2 105 36 40 108” 132 5to 10
L50 335 50 0,050 100 x 0,5 100 x 0,000 5 125 23 27 50” 65 2 to 5
M50 270 50 0,050 50x1 50 x 0,001 70 20 24 30 45 2 to 5
MlOO 250 100 0,100 50x2 50 x 0,002 85 18 20 18 26 2 to 5
S50 190 50 0,050 25 x 2 25 x 0,002 50 18 20 18” 26 2 or 3
Special
su b-series t
L5oSP 335 50 0,050 100 x 0,5 100 x 0,000 5 125 23 27 50 65 2 to 5
M5OSP 270 50 0,050 50x1 50 x 0,001 70 20 24 30 45 2 to 5
S5oSP 190 50 0,050 50x1 50 x 0,001 50 18 20 18” 26 2 or 3
* For the diameter of the stem to exceed 4 m m (as required by 12.4), these volumes, for hydrometers covering the range 1 700 to 2 000 kg/m3 or 1,7
to 2,0 g/ml, will be nearer the maximum value than the minimum value.
t See ISO 3675.

iTeh STANDARD PREVIEW

(standards.iteh.ai)
11 Ranges of the series of hydrometers 12.4 No hydrometer shall have a stem of diameter smaller
than 4,0 mm.
ISO 649-1:1981
Esch of the five main series of hydrometer shall cover a total
https://standards.iteh.ai/catalog/standards/sist/bc6e1e66-3616-441a-b355-
range of 600 to 2 000 kg/m3 or 0,600 to 2,000 g/ml, each NOTE - For convenience in manufacture, it has been found advan-
hydrometer having a range of 20 kg/m3, e7352973b6a1/iso-649-1-1981
50 kg/m3 or tageous to comply with the recommendations as to stem diameter
100 kg/m3 or 0,020 glml, 0,050 g/ml or 0,100 g/ml. The lower given in annex B.
nominal limits of the scales of the L20 series hydrometers shall
be 600, 620, 640, etc., or 0,600, 0,620, 0,640, etc., those of the
L50, M50 and S50 series hydrometers shall be 600, 650, 700,
etc., or 0,600, 0,650, 0,700, etc., and those of the M 100 series
shall be 600, 700, 800, etc., or 0,600, 0,700, 0,800, etc., accor- 13 Accuracy
ding to whether the scales are based on kilograms per cubic
metre or grams per millilitre. For hydrometers the maximum permitted instrument errors at
any Point on the scale are given in table 2. lt is recommended
Esch of the three sub-series of hydrometers shall cover a total that the hydrometers in the special sub-series be supplied with
range of 600 to 1 100 kg/m3 or 0,600 to 1,100 g/ml, each certificates of correction, when required for reference purposes.
hydrometer having a range of 50 kg/m3 or 0,050 g/ml. The
lower nominal limits of the scales of the L5OSP, M50SP and
S5OSP shall be 600, 650, 700, etc., or 0,600, 0,650, 0,700, etc.,
according to whether the scales are based on kilograms per Table 2 - Maximum permitted errors
cubic metre or grams per millilitre.

12 Principal dimensions
Series
Maximum

kg/m3
permitted
at any Point on the
error
scale
glml
1
~~~
I!I 02 + 0,000 2
12.1 The dimensions of the hydrometers shall conform with I!I 0,5 f 0,000 5
the requirements given in table 1. M50 dz 18 f 0,001
MIO0 Ik 2,o + 0,002
12.2 The Cross-section of the stem shall remain unchanged
s50 It 24 + 0,002
for at least 5 m m below the lowest graduation line on the scale. Special sub-series
L50S P I!I 0,3 + 0,000 3
12.3 The stem shall extend unchanged in diameter at least
M5OSP AI W k 0,000 6
S5oSP I!I LO * 0,OOi 0
15 m m above the uppermost graduation line on the scale.
ISO 649/1-1981 (EI

14 Inscriptions d) whether the hydrometer is adjusted for readings

top of the meniscus (i.e. for use in opaque liquids);
The following information shall be permanently, legibly and
unequivocally marked within the hydrometer :
e) the vendor’s name or identifiable
a) the basis of the scale, for example “kg/ma”; mark;

b) the reference temperature of the hydrometer, for

example “20 OC”; f) identification number of the instrument, the first two
digits of which may indicate the year of manufacture (for
c) 1) either a pafticular surface tension expressed example “780001”);
millinewtons per metre (for example “55 mN/m”);
g) the number of this International Standard (i.e.
2) or a surface tension category as defined in annex A ISO 649/1) or the number of the corresponding national
(for example “low S.T.“); Standard;

3) or, if the instrument is adjusted for use in a particular

liquid, the name of that liquid; hl the series number (for example “L50”).

iTeh STANDARD PREVIEW

(standards.iteh.ai)
ISO 649-1:1981
https://standards.iteh.ai/catalog/standards/sist/bc6e1e66-3616-441a-b355-
e7352973b6a1/iso-649-1-1981