SUNWAY

UNIVERSITY
BUILDING SERVICES II AAR654
NURATIKAH BINTI AHMAD TAJUDDIN 2019297672
AINA NABILAH BINTI KHAIRIL 2019245792
NABILA BINTI AHMAD ZAHIR 2019242778
IMAN SYAIDATUL IZZATI BINTI ABD RAHMAN 2019208976
NADHRAH BATRISYIA BINTI WAN HAIRUR RIZAL 2019210672
ADREANA SOFEA BINTI AZLAN HUZAIRI 2019246934
Table of contents
Background
● Building type

Passive fire protection 01 ●

●
Location
Building background
● Site plan
- fire appliance access
● Space planning
- Compartmentation and
Exit
02
Active fire protection
Mechanical transportation ● Alarm & Detection system

● Site plan
system 03 ●
- types and location
Suppression system
- types and location
- type, location, size,
specifications and etc
04
BACKGROUND
Sunway University is in Subang Jaya, Selangor,
Malaysia. Campus and residential blocks cover 24
acres. Sunway College opened in 1987 but became a
university college in 2004. In 2011, it became Sunway
University. 12 floors and 2 basements comprise Sunway
University. Classrooms, lecture halls, offices, canteen,
and library are inside. Everything is organised for
01
student access.

SUNWAY NEW UNIVERSITY BUILDING (NUB)

TYPE Institutional

LOCATION Bandar Sunway, Subang Jaya, Selangor,

Malaysia

OWNER Sunway Destiny Sdn. Bhd

ARCHITECT SA Architect Sdn. Bhd

SIZE 52,530m² (FLOOR AREA)

STATUS Completed
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Jupiter and Mars Venus and Mercury

Jupiter is a gas giant and the biggest planet in Venus has a beautiful name and is the second
the Solar System. It's the fourth-brightest planet from the Sun. It’s terribly hot, even
object in the night sky. It was named after the hotter than Mercury, and its atmosphere is
Roman god of the skies and lightning extremely poisonous

Despite being red, Mars is actually a cold Mercury is the closest planet to the Sun and
place. It's full of iron oxide dust the smallest one in the Solar System
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PASSIVE FIRE PROTECTION
02 INTRODUCTION
A passive fire system prevents or slows fire and smoke spread in structures. This suppression method will let
people escape a fire faster. PFP systems are recommended for infrastructure projects because they protect
persons and property.
SYSTEM - There are various kinds of passive fire defence systems. Before designing and building systems, several
different types of materials are explored. PFP is inactive in normal settings, but it plays a critical role during an
emergency.

1. PURPOSE GROUP AND COMPARTMENT

a) Fire Rated Door
b) Firewall
c) Separation of Fire Risk Area

2. MEANS OF ESCAPE
a) Emergency Escape Route
b) Horizontal and Vertical Exits
c) Emergency Exit Sign
d) Assembly Point

3. FIRE FIGHTING ACCESS

a) Fire Fighting Lobby
b) Fire Appliance Access Lobby

Section VII of law 133–244 of the Uniform Building By Laws of 1984 specifies the minimum requirements for this
system.
SITE PLANNING - ISLAND SITE
FIRE APPLIANCE ACCESS
When designing a building, site planning shall include an accessway to enable fire appliances to enter the building. These openings shall be
provided along the perimeter of the building overlooking the accessway to ease fire fighting and serach and rescue operations in case of fire or
hazardouse situations. The accessway shall be designed according to the loal auothorities guidlines such as section 140 of UBBL 1984

UBBL 1984 - Part VII: Fire Requirements Section 140

(1) Fire appliance access shall be provided within the site of a building to
enable a fire appliance to gain access to the building.
(2) An access opening shall be provided along to provide access into the
building for fire fighting and rescue operation.
(5) For the proporting of the building in excess of 7000 cubic metres, the
fire appliance access fronting the building shall be provided in
accordance with the following scales:

Volume of the building in Minimum proportion of a

cubic meter (m3) perimeter of the building

112001 and above Island site

Site planning of Sunway New University Building (NUB)

SITE PLANNING OF NUB
FIRE APPLIANCE ACCESS and ASSEMBLY
POINT

2 1
1 Main Entrance to the building 2 Appliance access to the building

3 Access road to NUB and Residential block

1. PURPOSE GROUP AND COMPARTMENT
Outside Stairwell
Compartmentation is the separation of a building into several cells using construction
elements that prevent fire from passing from one cell to another in a set amount of time.
This includes separating fire-risk regions and compartmentalising the entire area with
fire-resistant rated walls and fire doors. Sunway University is equipped with all of the necessary
structural fire protection precautions.

a) FIRE RATED DOOR

Fire door has better fire rating than regular door. Fire doors exclude oxygen to reduce fire
spread. This fire door is vital for building occupants and firefighters in a fire emergency.

Most fire doors must always be closed. Some doors are designed to remain open but close
in a fire event. No matter the mechanism, a door stop or block should never impede door
movement. Sunway University features fire-certified doors on exits and staircases that can Inside Stairwell
stop a fire for an hour.

Figure 1a: Fire Door Requirement Figure 1a1: Sunway University Double swing fire
Doors
FIRE RATED DOOR [from floor plan]
NUB Main Building
NUB Main Building
Mezzanine Floor
Ground Floor
NUB Main Building NUB Main Building
Level 1 Level 2
NUB Main Building NUB Main Building
Level 3 Level 5
NUB Main Building NUB Main Building
Level 8 Level 12
b) FIRE WALL
A firewall are exterior wall and a fire barrier that separates two areas and keeps the fire from spreading. Continuous fire barriers are built
between or through buildings, and they extend from the ground up to the roof. When properly constructed, they can survive a total building
collapse. To reach this goal. Firewalls are constructed to be more sturdy with great structural stability during fire circumstances compared to
the conventional walls. Sometimes buttresses or pilasters may also be required in order to offer enough lateral stability.3 to 4 hours of fire
protection is a typical rating for firewalls.
FIRE RATED WALL [from floor plan] NUB Main Building
NUB Main Building
Mezzanine Floor
Ground Floor
NUB Main Building NUB Main Building
Level 1 Level 2
NUB Main Building
NUB Main Building
Level 5
Level 3
NUB Main Building
Level 8

UBBL-Section 148 - Special Requirements as to compartment wall and floors

UBBL 1984 - Part VII: Fire Requirements Section 140

(1) Any compartment walls or compartment floor which is required by

these by-laws to have FRP of one hour or more shall be constructed
wholly of non-combustible materials and, apart from any ceiling,
there quired FRP of wall or floor shall be obtained without
assistance from any non-combustible material.
c) Separation of Fire Risk Area
Fire spread can be reduced by compartmentalising high-risk areas away from the source of the fire. Separating areas of varying threat is also
essential. In the event of an emergency, this could also help to limit the spread of smoke and distinguish safe departure, evacuation, or refuge
areas.

NUB Main Building NUB Main Building

Ground Floor Mezzanine Floor
NUB Main Building NUB Main Building
Level 1 Level 2
NUB Main Building NUB Main Building
Level 5 Level 8
2. MEANS OF ESCAPE b) Horizontal Exits and Vertical Exits
i) Horizontal Exits (Door)
During a fire emergency, a means of escape is a route
designed to take people out of a structure and to a safer
location or assembly point. In high rise buildings, an enclosed A secured door opening in
stairwell or corridor will be designed along the side of the a wall, an open-air balcony,
structure to direct residents to the last escape. or a bridge that connects
two areas of a building are
examples of horizontal
a) Emergency Escape Route exits that let people leave
To make sure that every area in a structure is within a one area and enter another.
reasonable distance of a safe spot, the distance of the A further layer of fire
escape route is rigorously regulated. Measure the distance of resistance protection for
the escape path from a remote area of the room to the floor evacuation is offered by
exit. this horizontal exit. The
goal is to create a
i) Escape Travel Distance somewhat safe location
that is close by so that, in
The maximum travel distance from a dead end to the event that further
an exit is specified in the seventh schedule of the evacuation is required, it
bylaws, which are incorporated into Sunway can be done with less
University's evacuation route design. urgency.
ii) Vertical Exits (Staircase)
During an evacuation, the stairways, which serve as vertical exits, are vital. An emergency exit that is typically found outdoors or
sporadically within but apart from the main parts of the building is called a fire emergency staircase. The fire emergency staircase
offers a means of escape in the event of a fire or other emergency when the interior stairwells are inaccessible.
c) Emergency Exit Sign
The emergency escape sign is essential in guiding and
effectively directing users to the emergency exit. These
emergency exit signs are powered by a battery backup
system, so they will always remain illuminated, even in the
event of a power loss.

i) Emergency Escape Plan

The emergency escape plan, which indicates the location

of emergency exits, fire extinguisher equipment, and the
firefighters intercom, is located in each elevator lobby on
each floor. In addition, it shows where users stand in
reference to the plan, providing them with a tool to get
their bearings in case of an emergency.

d) Assembly Point
Emergency Gathering Place In the event of an emergency evacuation,
signs are excellent for designating meeting places for large populations.
The purpose of these is to give people a secure place to stand while they
wait for help to arrive.
3. FIRE FIGHTING ACCESS
Firefighting access is essential for firefighters to enter a situation quickly and for rescue efforts to
proceed without difficulty in an emergency.

a. FIRE FIGHTING LOBBY

The protected zone contains a fire fighting

lobby, which needs to be located on every floor.
Where necessary, a firefighting lobby also
serves a firefighting stair and a firefighting lift.
Firefighters must be protected when making
their final approach to the fire level, and any
evacuees or firefighters who may be utilising
the stairs must be protected from a fire in the
lift. These are just two of the many reasons why
a fire fighting lobby is so important. to give
firefighters a safe exit from the fire, to lessen
the chance that they may become lost due to
poor vision, and to shield the lift from the
impacts of fire and smoke in nearby lodging
Fire fighting lobby
Bomba lift Fire fighting lobby
Bomba lift
NUB Main Building NUB Main Building
Ground Floor Plan Mezzanine Floor
Fire fighting lobby Fire fighting lobby
Bomba lift Bomba lift

NUB Main Building NUB Main Building

Level 1 Level 3
Fire fighting lobby Fire fighting lobby
Bomba lift Bomba lift

NUB Main Building NUB Main Building

Level 5 Level 8
b. FIRE APPLIANCE ACCESS LOBBY

A location for the entry, movement, and parking of Fire Appliances during fire
fighting and rescue operations. For easy access, it is also close to the fire
fighting shaft. The hydrants and risers ought to be placed close to the external
fire appliance access lobby.

NUB Main Building Fire Track Access Lobby

Ground Floor Plan
UBBL 1984 REGULATION

UBBL-Section 154 : Emergency mode of operation in the event of mains power failure.
1) On failure of mains power all lifts shall return in sequence directly to the designated floor, commencing with the fire lifts,
without answering any car or landing calls and park with doors open
2) After all lifts are parked the lifts on emergency power shall resume normal operation

UBBL-Section 225 (2) : Detecting and extinguishing fire

1) Every building shall be served by at least one fire hydrant located not more than 91.5 meters from the nearest point
of fire brigade access

UBBL-Section 243 : Fire lifts

1) In a building where the top occupied floor us over 18.5 metres above the fire appliance access level fire lifts shall be provided
2) The fire lifts shall be located within a separate protected shaft if it opens into a separate lobby.
3) Fire lifts shall be provided at the rate of one lift in every group of lifts which discharge into the same protected enclosure or smoke lobby
containing the rising main, provided that the fire lifts are located not more than 61 metres travel distance from the furthermost point of the floor

UBBL-Section 247 (2) : Water Storage

1) Main water storage tanks within the building, other than for hose reel system, shall be located at ground, first or second basement
levels, with fire brigade pumping inlet connections accessible to fire appliances

UBBL-Section 253 : Fire lifts

1) Emergency power system is the most important by-law to obey to ensure that almost all the systems both for active and passive fire
protection system are functioning well and being supported by each of the systems to provide a better protection for life and
property
ACTIVE FIRE PROTECTION
03 INTRODUCTION
Active fire protection is regarded as one of the most critical components to consider when designing a modern
building structure. Active fire protection is a component of fire detection and prevention that responds to action or
motion and is responsible for detecting, alerting about, and attempting to eliminate the fire threat as part of the fire
containment process. Most of the more visible strategies to battle and extinguish a fire fall under the active
component of fire protection, since they actively aim to identify and respond to a fire.

1. FIRE DETECTION SYSTEM 4. NON WATER BASED SYSTEMS

a) Smoke Detector
b) Heat Detector
c) Flame Detector

2. FIRE NOTIFICATION APPLIANCE

a) Fire Alarm Bells
b) Siren
c) Speaker
d) Break Glass
e) Emergency Light
f) Fireman Intercom System
g) Manual Call Points

3. WATER BASED SYSTEMS

a) Standard Sprinklers
b) Wet Riser
c) Hose Reels
d) Fire Extinguisher
e) Fire Hydrant
3.1 FIRE DETECTION SYSTEM

WHAT?? THE CONSEQUENCES? WHAT IS THE COMPONENTS??

It is a systems which is When the components of Fire detection system detects one or more
designed with fire detection system of the products which are from the fire
components to detect able to detect the factors such as smoke, heat, gas, ultraviolet light
factors like extreme heat, in early stage, it helps in radiation or infrared.
smoke, or fire to trigger a :
response. There are various components such as :
1. There is a time for the
safe evacuation of - Smoke Detector
occupant. - Heat Detector
- Flame Detector
2. The property loss can
be reduced by early
detection.

UBBL 1984 REgulations

Part VIII: Fire Alarms, Fire Detections, Fire Extinguishments and Fire Fighting Access

Detecting and extinguishing fire

- Every building should be provided with means of detecting and extinguishing fire and with fire alarms together
with illuminated exit signs in accordance with the requirements as specified in the Tenth Schedule By-Laws.
SMOKE DETECTOR
A smoke detector take a role as a sensor that detects smoke when there is an incident of fire. This smoke detector produce a signal to a fire alarm
system in a large building such as Sunway University.

Smoke detectors are used where the type of fire expected and equipment protection needs a faster response time than heat detectors. A smoke
detector will detect the sequences of the visible and invisible products of firing before temperature changes are sufficient to activate heat detectors.

There are 2 main of types of smoke detectors :

1. Photoelectric Smoke Detectors

2. Ionization Smoke Detectors

However, there are Dual Sensors Smoke Detectors which include both Photoelectric and Ionization Smoke Detector.

The smoke detector interior The suitable location for smoke detector The smoke detector found in Sunway University
SMOKE DETECTOR

Photoelectric Detectors

Photoelectric Detectors are generally more responsive to flaming fires.

Advantages of Photoelectric Detectors : Disadvantages of Photoelectric Detectors :

- Able to see the smoke - Can create false alarm from dusty air
- Respond quicker to smoldering fires

How does Photoelectric Detectors work?

1 2

Photoelectric detectors work by using As smoke enters the chamber, it disrupts the
a light sensing chamber path of a laser and triggers the alarm
SMOKE DETECTOR

Ionization Smoke Detectors

Ionization Smoke Detectors are generally more responsive to fire that begin with a long period of smoldering.

Advantages of Ionization Smoke Detectors : Disadvantages of Ionization Smoke Detectors :

- Able to sense the smoke - Can create false alarm with cooking steam
- Stronger at detecting fast flaming fires

How does Ionization Smoke Detectors work?

1 2

Used to electrically charged plates to ionize When smoke enters the detectors, it disrupts the flow
the air in the sensor of the ions and triggers the alarm
HEAT DETECTOR

A heat detector is designed to sense the thermal energy of a fire increases the temperature of a heat sensitive element. The thermal mass and
conductivity of the element regulate the rate flow of heat into the element.

Heat detectors have 2 key categorization of operation which is the"rate-of-rise" and "fixed temperature."

Heat detectors are usually placed in the places where there is possibility for extreme heat and high flames; generally heat detectors are placed
in storage rooms where chemicals or fuels are kept. It is also usually installed on high ceilings.

The heat detector

HEAT DETECTOR

The Rate-of-Rise Thermal Detection

Its measure the rate at which the air temperature changes

during a fire event. Measuring the change in temperature
provides a faster alarm response than measuring the
temperature level in a space.

Advantages of Rate-of-Rise Thermal Detection

- Minimal maintenance
- Less expensive than smoke detector units
- Not affected by dusty or dirty environments
- Responds faster than the fixed temperature detector
- More reliable than smoke detector units

Disadvantages of Rate-of-Rise Thermal Detection

- Only suitable for protection of property

- Slower to respond than smoke detectors
- Will not detect products on combustion
HEAT DETECTOR

The Rate-of-Rise Thermal Detection

Its measure the rate at which the air temperature changes

during a fire event. Measuring the change in temperature
provides a faster alarm response than measuring the
temperature level in a space.

Advantages of Rate-of-Rise Thermal Detection

- Minimal maintenance
- Lower cost than smoke detector units
- Not affected by dusty or dirty environments
- More reliable than smoke detector units

Disadvantages of Rate-of-Rise Thermal Detection

- Only suitable for protection of property

- Slower to respond than smoke detectors
- Will not detect products on combustion
FLAME DETECTOR
A Flame Detector is an optical sensory device that design to
detect flames in space off building. Early detection has a
significant impact on a successful fire fighting effort. This
detector is reliable in a harsh environment where heat or smoke
detectors cannot be installed in the space of building, as they will
be continuously be triggered in such environments.

Flame detectors are special sensors that can effectively detect

the radiation emitted by flame. They are designed to effortlessly
differentiate the difference between a live flame and a false alarm.
Flame detectors will activated once they detect electromagnetic
radiation from one or more defined wave lengths according to
their design.

Types of flame detector :

- Ultraviolet (UV) Flame Detectors

- Infrared (IR) Flame Detectors

Where to place the Flame Detector :

The flame detector should be positioned at the perimeter of the

room, pointing directly at the anticipated flame or at the centre of
the area to be protected. If the detector cannot 'see' the whole of
the area to be protected, one or more additional detectors may be
required.

Ultraviolet/Infrared (UV/IR) Flame Detectors

FLAME DETECTOR

Ultraviolet (UV) Flame Detectors 01 When ultraviolet radiation strikes the

gas filled tube, it ionizes the gas.
-

02 It generates a small electric current

between the two electrodes of the tube.

03 The tube directs the current to the

amplifier.

Ultraviolet (UV) Flame Detectors are sensory devices that are

designed to respond to Ultraviolet radiation that has a wavelength
that is less than 300 Nm.
04 When the flow of current increases
This UV Flame Detector is fast response time which is less than beyond the preset value of the amplifier,
millisecond. Moreover, this flame detector can detect metal fires,
hydrogen and ammonia. However, in the event of a large inferno in a the relay closes and triggers the alarm.
closed environment, the device may fail to see the flame on time and
trigger an alarm obviously because of the heavy smoke from the fire.
FLAME DETECTOR

Infrared (IR) Flame Detectors 01 The lens and filter arrangement ensures
that the incoming infrared radiation from
-
the fire falls on the photoelectric cell.

02 Depending on the amount of radiation,

the photoelectric cells transmits a signal
to filter and amplifier.

03 The timer activates the alarm after a

time delay of 2 to 15 seconds.
An infrared optical detector is a device that locates flame by
deploying a high-tech infrared sensor to accurately identify their
unique spectral pattern emitted by live fire

04 The time delay weeds out the chances

IR detectors are suitable for areas where combustion sources can
produce intense and smoky fires. They can operate within the range of false alarms.
of sixty meters from the fire sources. It also can be used in both
indoor and outdoor environment.
3.2 FIRE NOTIFICATION APPLIANCE

WHAT?? EXAMPLES
WHAT IS THE COMPONENTS:
Part of fire alarm system.
A notification appliance Evacuation signals
may use audible, visible, including the appliances
or other stimuli to alert the that transmit audible and ● Fire Alarm Bells
occupants of a fire or ● Siren
visible textual information
other emergency ● Speaker
such as live or
condition requiring action. ● Break glass
pre-recorded instructions,
● Emergency Light
and illuminated message
● Fireman Intercom System
displays ● Manual Call Points
Fire Alarm Bell
Floor plans
-indicating fire alarm
● uses electromagnetic waves to generate a repeating
buzzing or clanging sound when an electric current
is applied.
● It employs audio stimuli to alert occupants of a fire
or other emergency situation that requires action.
● The fire alarm bells are located at the end of each
floor of the building as well as the centre of every
floor together with a manual call point as well as an
extinguisher.

UBBL 1984
Part VIII: Fire Alarms, Fire Detections, Fire
Extinguishments and Fire Fighting Access
Section 237 : Fire Alarms
(1)Fire alarms shall be provided in accordance with the Tenth
Schedule to these By-laws
Speaker

● Used to signal when there is an occurrence of fire

● Speakers can also be utilised to produce live or
UBBL 1984
recorded voice instructions.
● The speakers are controlled by a microphone, an Part VII: Fire Alarms, Fire Detections, Fire
electronic tone generator, a speech synthesiser, and Extinguishments and Fire Fighting Access
an electronic amplifier Section 133 : Voice communication system
There shall be two separate approved continuously
electrically supervised voice communications systems,
one a fire brigade communications system and the other
a public address system between the central control
station and the following areas:
a)lifts, lift lobbies, corridors and staircases;
Siren b)in every office area exceeding 92.9 square metres in
area;
● Signal that warns that a fire or emergency has c)in each dwelling unit and hotel guest room where the
started. fire brigade system may be combined with the public
● designed for installation in outdoor or ambient address system.
temperature areas where a wide angle of coverage is
required. It is located at car park, open area,
electrical and mechanical rooms, and rooftop
Manual Call Point

● 30m is the maximum travel distance to activate the

alarm
● The call point should be fitted at the height around
1.4m above the floor
● Should be placed at somewhere that no person
needs to travel more than 45m to reach it
Emergency Light

● Provided to ensure that the escape route is

illuminated at all material times
● Escape lighting luminaires should be sited to cover
the following locations: all exit points and along
egress pathways such as corridors, stairs, ramps,
aisles and other emergency evacuation routes.
● (Building codes in Malaysia). Any emergency lights
should be legible from a distance of at least 30 m
under normal lighting and emergency conditions.

UBBL 1984
Part VII: Fire Alarms, Fire Detections, Fire Extinguishments and Fire
Fighting Access
Section 172 : Emergency exit signs
(1)Storey exits and access to such exits shall be marked by readily
visible signs and shall not be obscured by any decoration, Self-Contained Emergency
furnishings or other equipment. Luminaire (LED type)
(2)A sign reading 'KELUAR" with an arrow indicating the direction shall
be placed in every location where the direction of travel to reach the
nearest exit is not immediately apparent
(3)Every exit sign shall have the word 'KE-UAR' in plainly legible letters
not less than 150 millimetres high with the principal strokes of the
letters not less than 18 millimetres wide The lettering shall be in red
against black background.
(4)All Exit signs shall be illuminated continuously during periods of
occupancy.
(5)Illuminated signs shall be provided with two electric amps of not
less than fifteen watts each
Fireman Intercom System

● The Fireman Intercom System provides a reliable

communication between the Master Console (Fire
Command Centre) and the remote Handset
Stations.
● The best way the firefighters can use to
communicate with each other
● Benefit: can reduce undue distress of the elderlies
and reduce the possibility of false alarm

Telephone handsets

● Installed to allow the convenience of the firefighters

to communicate in an event of fire
● Use the key or break glass to be able to use the unit
3.3 WATER BASED SYSTEM

There are 5 typical water based system which are standard sprinklers, wet riser, hose reels, fire extinguisher and fire hydrants.

Standard Sprinklers

A fire sprinkler system consists of a water supply network providing sufficient pressure to a water distribution systems which feeds to a series of
sprinklers that only operates when it detects a fire.

The type of sprinklers observed in the building are a pendent spray sprinklers and wet pipe system.

How Does the Fire Sprinkler System Work?

1 2 3 1. This Fire Sprinkler System consists of fire

sprinkler head which is plug, a vacuum-sealed
glass tube with liquid, and deflector plate.

2. When the temperature of the environment rises

and the liquid in the glass bulb begins to expand
and rise to much, it will breaks the glass.

3. The torrential water will come out and there is

nothing can stop the water because there are no
plug to hold the water from coming out.

UBBL - Section 226 :

Automatic sprinkler systems are required for storage and other types
of occupancies where automatic extinguishing system is necessary.
3.3 WATER BASED SYSTEM
Wet Riser

A Wet Riser is a water supply system that helps distributes a permanently charged flow of water from the town mains to landing valves at higher levels via
vertical pipes. Wet Riser is usually mandatory for vertical buildings that require excessive amount of pressure as part of fire protection.

They are functional in providing firefighters a fixed flow of water to parts of the building that lack in fire service equipment and designed to be integrated
into the ‘compartmentation’ of the building by avoiding the need to run hose reels between spaces.

Where is the suitable location for Wet Riser?

- The location of wet riser pumps and tanks are restricted to the ground, first,or second basement.
- Wet risers should be within fire-fighting shafts
- if necessary, in vicinity of the protected escape stairs.
- Wet riser outlets, or ‘landing valves’, may be within protected lobbies and enclosures following the proximity guidelines.

UBBL - Section 231 :

1) Wet rising systems shall be provided in every building in

which the topmost occupied floor is more than 30 meters
above fire appliance access level.

2) Wet riser systems shall be designed and installed in

accordance with M.S. 1489 that all parts of the floor are
within 45 metres from a landing valve.

A wet riser landing valve on the

3rd floor of Sunway University.
3.3 WATER BASED SYSTEM
Hose Reels

A fire hose is a high-pressure hose that carries water or other fire retardant such as foam to a fire to extinguish it. A fire hose reel system in Malaysia is an
equipment mounted close to a fire service to provide uninterrupted water supply in the event of a fire outbreak. The firefighters and volunteers can
efficiently initiate a quick response to a fire outbreak if a fire hose fitted in a building a full of pressurized water or a suitable fire-extinguishing agent.

There are two types of hose reels which are fixed and swinging hose reels. However, both hose reels are available in both manual and automatic versions.
They are often wall or cabinet mounted with hoses that are available in both 19mm and 25mm diameter and reach up to 30m when fully extended. They
are also fitted with a controllable nozzle enabling the operator to supply a controlled spray or jet of water on to the fire.

Where is the suitable location for Wet Riser?

Outdoor - attach to a fire hydrant or fire engine

Indoor - permanently attach to a building’s standpipe or plumbing systems

Hose Reel System

A hose reel (right) with a fire Fixed Hose Reel

extinguisher (left) in a
compartmentalised space on the
1st floor of Sunway University. Swinging Hose Reel
3.3 WATER BASED SYSTEM
Fire Extinguisher

A Fire Extinguisher is an active fire protection device used to extinguish or control small fires, often in emergency situations. Fire extinguish consists of a
hand-held cylindrical pressure vessel containing an agent which can be discharged to extinguish a fire. Fire extinguishers are divided into portable and
cart-mounted or also known as mobile extinguishers.

In Sunway University, the most prevalent

type of fire extinguisher is the Carbon
Dioxide (CO2) Fire Extinguishers.

They are extremely versatile and are

designed to tackle Class B flammable
liquid and Class C electrical fire hazards.

They are ideally suited for indoor

applications where fragile equipment or
processes require a clean extinguishing
agent.

Carbon Dioxide is an effective and clean

gaseous extinguishing agent that does not
leave any residue to clean up.
A case protected fire
extinguisher at Sunway
University.
3.3 WATER BASED SYSTEM
Fire Hydrant

A fire hydrant is an above-ground connection that provides access to a water supply for the purpose of fighting fires. The water supply may be
pressurized, as the hydrants connected to water mains buried in the street, or unpressurized as the hydrants connected to a nearby water
resources such as pond. Every hydrants has one or more outlets to which a fire hose may be connected. If the water supply is pressurized, the
hydrant will also have one or more valves to regulate the water flow.

The fire fighters will remove the valve covers on the fire hydrant before they can attach hoses to the valves. Then, they open a valve that allows
water to flow through the hydrant into the hoses. The pressure available to fire hydrants must be sufficient pressure so that the fire hose nozzles
can force the water and it is the most effective way against fires. Moreover, if the pressure is sufficient, it helps in allow multiple hydrants to
operate at the same time without disadvantaging the rest of the system.

CONTROL
VALVE

UBBL - Section 225 :

OUTLET
Every building should provided with at least one fire
hydrant located not more than 45 meters from the fire
brigade access, designed and installed in accordance
BASE
with MS1489. In any case, hydrants shall be located
not more than 90 meters apart.
The Cross-Section of Fire Hydrant
3.4 NON WATER BASED SYSTEM
There are many cases where water-based
systems are not suitable to be used to
extinguish the fire, such as fires that involve
flammable and combustible liquids and
gases, electrical equipment, and combustible
metals. Hence, a non-water-based system is
needed to extinguish those types of fires.

● The type of Gas Extinguishing System

used in Sunway University is Nitrogen.
● Nitrogen is colourless and tasteless
gas
● Installed in the LV Room and Control
Rooms only

The IG55 extinguishing system is a gaseous type of fire suppression. It is a mixture of

Inert Gases; 50% Nitrogen and 50% Argon to extinguish fire. It's being used when water,
foam, or powder extinguishers are not effective and cause damage. Also it is known as
the "cleanest" Extinguisher. IG55 is able to extinguish surface burning fire in class A,B,
and C hazard used to suppress the fire by lowering the Oxygen to 12.5%. If the Oxygen
content is reduced 15%, the fire will start to stop burning. When an IG55 agent is
discharged to a room, it introduces a mixture of gases that will allow a person to breathe
at lower Oxygen level.
Ground Floor

Ground Floor Level 1

Mezzanine Floor Level 2
Level 3 Level 5
UBBL Regulations - Section : 224-228
Part VIII :
Fire Alarms, Fire Detection, Fire Extinguishment and Fire
Fighting Access
225. Detecting and extinguishing fire
(1)Every building shall be provided with means of
detecting and extinguishing fire and with fire alarm
stogether with illuminated exit signs in accordance with
the requirements as specified in the Tenth

Schedule to these By-laws.

04 Mechanical Transportation System
4.0 Introduction
Mechanical transportation can be explained by breaking the term down into its individual definitions.
‘Mechanical’ defined as operated by a machine or machinery and ‘transportations’; a system which defines
as a means to provide movement of humans, animals and goods from one location to another.

In other words, “Mechanical Transportation” is the mechanical elements of a building that allow its users to
travel between specific levels and locations. All buildings with more than one level would have a means of
movement from floor to floor and it is especially crucial in high rise buildings to have Mechanical
Mechanical Transportation. This system can be found within, around and in general association with modern
buildings and developments.

4.0.1 Types of mechanical transportation

The more common types of installations include elevators and escalators whereas the more uncommon
types are are paternosters and travelators. There are two types of mechanical transportation systems used
in Sunway University are elevators and escalators.
4.1 Elevators
Elevators are a type of mechanical transportation
system that transports users vertically in
building/structure from floor to floor. Elevators are
commonly powered by electric motors that drive
traction cables (hoist) and counterweight systems
while some pump hydraulic fluid to raise a cylindrical
priston (jack). In Sunway University, the traction
elevators are used.

Specifications

The elevator model that’s used in Sunway University is called the

Schindler 5500 and it is a machine room-less traction elevator.

The most common type elevators are traction elevators. Rolling steel
ropes over a pulley or sheave with deep grooves are used to raise
the elevator vehicle. The sheave is attached to an electric motor,
which elevates the elevator as the motor rotates in one direction.

The elevator is lowered by the sheave as the motor rotates the other
way. A counterweight is then used to balance the car's overall weight.
As a geared elevator, the Schindler 5500 uses a gear train that is
rotated by the motor. Sheave, motor, and control system are the three
main parts, and they are all kept in a machine room that is located
above the elevator shaft.
4.1.1 Elevator’s components
1. Drive
Store in the elevator shaft, the AC geared traction machine uses worm gears to control the mechanical
movement of elevator cars by “rolling/pulling” steel hoist ropes over a drive sheave which is attached to gearbox
driven by a high speed motor.
2. Counterweight Guard Rails
Elevators guide rails are components of the elevator systems that define the path along which the elevators ride.
3. Suspension Traction Media
Suspension Traction Media consist pf steel cords coated with elastometric material. The STM also saves shaft
spaces because of the smaller motor and traction sheave that is 72% smaller than traditional systems.
4. Counterweight
A weight that exerts an opposite and provides balance and stability of a mechanical system. Its purpose is to
make lifting the load more efficient, which saves energy and is less taxing on the lifting machine.
5. Car
This elevator (or car) type is an geared traction elevator and is generally powered by electric motors that either
drive traction cables and counterweight systems.
6. Control Panel
This is the system responsible for controlling the elevator’s integrated functions. It controls everything from floor
selection to the speed of the elevator.
7. Tension Pulley
Pulleys are used to evenly balance the counterweight and the elevator car (which carries the passenger or metal
box). Pulley in elevators reduce the friction and which in turn reduces the strain on the electric motor.
8. Car Buffer
The buffer is an appratus located at the bottom of elevator designed to protect people. Buffers can stop a
descending by accumulating or dissipating the kinetic energy of the car
4.1.2 Sustainability features
● Gearless Drive ● Permanent AC Magnet Motors

A brushless electric motor

that utilizes permanent
magnets rather than winding
in the field uses AC and
permanent magnet gearless
motor technology. Elevator
hoisting machine efficiency is
The high-performance gearless raised, and PMAC motors
machine is inexpensive and have significantly lower
environmentally sustainable, and it can electric resistive losses than
reach heights of up to 350 feet. Clearly AC induction motors since no
less vibration is delivered by a pleasant electric current is induced in
ride with variable-frequency the rotor.
management. A modern tiny AC
(alternating current) motor is designed
to be energy-efficient, produce little
heat, and operate silently.
● Suspension Traction Media ● Power Factor 1 Regenerative Drive
When compared to
conventional applications, the
Power Factor 1 (PF1) drive has
the ability to significantly cut
energy usage. The PF1 can also
recycle energy into an electrical
system in a building. The
technology will produce clean
energy when moving heavy
loads down an elevator and
light loads up, and this energy
may be used to power other
Due to its smaller bend radius than traditional
building necessities like lighting
steel ropes, Schindler's suspension traction
and air conditioning.
media (STM) is lighter and takes up less space.
The overall comfort of the journey is improved as
a result of the reduced noise that is produced 4.1.3 Emergency Countermeasures
when sound is conveyed to the building and car.
In the rare case of a fire, the elevators are
The machine in your hoistway or machine room
will be smaller thanks to this space-saving programmed to automatically go down all the way to
design. The STM also provide a more reliable, the Ground Floor and stop. This is to prevent anyone
smoother ride. They are a significant from using the lifts during a fire.
improvement over traditional cables.
4.2 Escalators
In Sunway University, the type of escalator used
throughout the campus is Step Type Escalator.
This type of escalator is most commonly used
today. The core components of an escalator
includes, a pair of chains that is looped around two
pairs of gears. An electric motor turns the drive
gears at the top, which rotate the chain loops. The
motor and chain system are housed inside the
truss, a metal structure extending between two
floors.

The chain loops move a series of steps. As the

chains move, the steps always stay level. At the
bottom of the escalator, the steps collapse on each
other, creating a flat platform. This makes it easier
to get on and off the escalator.
4.2.1 Escalator’s components
1. Handrail
A handhold that moves along the top of the Balustrade in
synchronization with the steps.
2. Balustrade
Escalators must provide solid/glass balustrades on each side and
is used to provide saftety to the users by preventing the falling off
the escalator.
3. Drive System
A system to drive the escalator, comprised of electric motor,
decelerator electromagnetic brake, V belt, Sprocket, and other
components
4. Truss
Assembly of structural steel that supports the weight and load of
an escalator. (A Control Panel< Drive Units for Steps and Moving
Handrails and other Components are housed inside the structure)
5. Step/Tread
The part of the step where a passenger stands. Rubber mats may
be attached to their surface to lessen slipage, and yellow
demarcation lines might be added to clearly indicate their edges.
The steps are linked by continuous metal chain so they form a
closed loop with each step able to bend in relation to its neighbors.
6. Tracks
A rail to guide the Driving and Railing rollers. The track system is
built into the truss to guide the step chain, which continously pulls
the steps from the bottom platform and back to the top in an
endless loop. There are actually two tracks: one for the front
wheels of the steps (called the step-wheel track) and one for the
back wheels of the steps (called the trailer-wheel track).
4.3 Floor plans
-indicating elevators & escalators
4.3 Floor plans
-indicating elevators & escalators
4.4 Uniform Building By-Laws (UBBL)
UBBL 124 Lifts
1) For all-non-residential buildings exceeding 4 stories above or All the elevator openings of Sunway University will only open
below the main access level at least one lift shall be provided. when they reach a protected lobby. This is for safety purpose as
Since is a 7 storey buildings, it fulfils the by-law requirements by people might get caught between the gap of the lobby and
installing 10 passenger elevators. elevator shaft.
2)Landing doors shall have an FRP of not less than half the FRP
UBBL 150 Protected Shafts of the hoistway structure with a minimum FRP of half hour. The
landing door of the elevators of Sunway University are highly fire
1) Subject to the provisions of this PArt, any protected shaft
resistant in case there is afire emergency, the fire can be hold off
shall be completed enclosed. All protected shaft in the vicinity of
long enough for the fire brigade to come.
Sunway University are safe and within enclosure.
3)No glass shall be used for in landing doors except for vision in
2) Any wall, floor or other structure enclosing a protected shaft
which case any vision panel shall or be glazed with wired safety
but not being a protecting structure may contain such openings
glass shall not be more than 0.0161 square metre and the total
as shall be in accordance with other provisions of these By-laws.
area of one of more vision panels in any landing door shall be
Though open, any structure from the skeletal elevator on the
not more than 0.0156 square metre. Only 2 elevators located in
4-6th floor of the vicinity are well protected and are accordance
the 4-6th floor of the vicinity incorporated a glass design but all
with other provisions of the By-laws.
are completely safe and tested by Schindler corporation, all
glass elevators are glazed with wired safety glass and are less
UBBL 152 Opening in lift shafts than 0.0156 square metre.
1)Every opening in a lift shaft or lift entrance shall opening to a 4)Provision shall be made for the opening of all landing door by
protected lobby unless other suitable means of protection to the means of an emergency key irrespective of the position of the
opening to the satisfaction of the local authority is provided. lift car. All 10 elevators have a sensor which detects emergency
These requirements shall not apply too pentype industrial and so that all landing doors can be opened or closed manually.
other special buildings as may be approved by D.G.F.S.
4.4 Uniform Building By-Laws (UBBL)
UBBL 153 Smoke detectors for lobbies UBBL 155 Opening in lift shafts
Lift not opening into a smoke lobby shall not use door reopening 1) The fire mode of operation shall be initiated by a signal from
device controlled by light beam or photo-detectors unless the fire alarm panel which may be activated automatically by one
incorporated with a force close feature which after thirty of the alarm devices in the building manually. In the fire handling
seconds of any interruption of the beam causes the door to room where the fire alarm panel located, are all automatic and
close within a present time. All floor levels of the vicinity have can detect various heat signatures, during an unfortunate
smoke and heat detectors within 4-5M from all 10 elevators and events, all safety precaution units are put for manual usage for a
are well equipped with a force close feature which after thirty certain period of time then are trigger to automatic if no signal
seconds of any interruption of the beam causes the door to being initiated by user.
close within a present time.
2) If mains power is available all lifts shall return in sequence
UBBL 154 Emergency mode of operation in the event directly to the designated. All elevators within the vicinity are
of mains power failure equipped with sensor and will return in sequence If mains power
is available.
1) On failure of mains power of lifts shall return sequence
directly to the designated floor, commencing with the fire lifts, 3) The fire lifts shall then be available for use by the fire brigade
without answering any car or landing calls and park with doors on operation of the firemen’s switch.
open. The elevators in Sunway University are incorporated with a
system that during emergency or power failure, the elevators are 4) Under this mode of operation, the fire lifts shall only operate
directed to the lobby automatically. in response to car calls but not to landing calls in a mode of
operation in accordance with by-law 154.
2) After all lifts are parked the lifts on emergency power shall
resume normal operation: Provided that where sufficient 5) In the event of mains power failure, all lifts shall return in
emergency power is available for operation of all lifts, this mode sequence directly to the designated floor and operate under
of operation need not apply. During emergency, after the emergency power as described under paragraph (2) to (4).
elevators of Sunway University reached the lobby for evacuation,
all elevators will resume normal operation using emergency
power generated from the control panel located at the 6th floor.
Thanks!
References
● https://issuu.com/chevallylo/docs/building_service_report
● https://www.constructionplusasia.com/my/sunway-university-new-building/
● https://www.slideshare.net/SaidahMalihah/sunway-university-banker-presentation
● http://www.saa.com.my/project/sunway-university-new-building/
● https://college.sunway.edu.my/sites/default/files/assets/students/140220-Student-Induction-NEW-REV.pdf
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