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    Module 5 - BJT Biasing

    Uploaded by

    Ken
    The document discusses various biasing circuits used to set the operating point of bipolar junction transistors (BJTs). It describes four common biasing circuits: 1) fixed bias, 2) voltage divider bias, 3) emitter bias, and 4) collector feedback bias. For each circuit, it shows the key voltage-current relationships and how to calculate the quiescent operating point based on Kirchhoff's voltage law applied around the base-emitter and collector-emitter loops. It also notes that the same biasing circuits can be used for PNP transistors with reversed current directions and voltage polarities.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Module 5 - BJT Biasing

    Uploaded by

    Ken
    23 views13 pages
    The document discusses various biasing circuits used to set the operating point of bipolar junction transistors (BJTs). It describes four common biasing circuits: 1) fixed bias, 2) voltage divider bias, 3) emitter bias, and 4) collector feedback bias. For each circuit, it shows the key voltage-current relationships and how to calculate the quiescent operating point based on Kirchhoff's voltage law applied around the base-emitter and collector-emitter loops. It also notes that the same biasing circuits can be used for PNP transistors with reversed current directions and voltage polarities.

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    Module 5_BJT Biasing

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    The document discusses various biasing circuits used to set the operating point of bipolar junction transistors (BJTs). It describes four common biasing circuits: 1) fixed bias, 2) voltage divider bias, 3) emitter bias, and 4) collector feedback bias. For each circuit, it shows the key voltage-current relationships and how to calculate the quiescent operating point based on Kirchhoff's voltage law applied around the base-emitter and collector-emitter loops. It also notes that the same biasing circuits can be used for PNP transistors with reversed current directions and voltage polarities.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    23 views13 pages

    Module 5 - BJT Biasing

    Uploaded by

    Ken
    The document discusses various biasing circuits used to set the operating point of bipolar junction transistors (BJTs). It describes four common biasing circuits: 1) fixed bias, 2) voltage divider bias, 3) emitter bias, and 4) collector feedback bias. For each circuit, it shows the key voltage-current relationships and how to calculate the quiescent operating point based on Kirchhoff's voltage law applied around the base-emitter and collector-emitter loops. It also notes that the same biasing circuits can be used for PNP transistors with reversed current directions and voltage polarities.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 13

    BIPOLAR JUNCTION TRANSISTOR

    BIASING CIRCUITS
    TRANSISTOR BIASING

    • For the transistor to operate as desired, either as a switch or amplifier,


    the quiescent or operating point must be properly established in the
    appropriate operating region: this is done by biasing.

    • BIASING:
    • Refers to the application of a potential difference across the junctions
    1. Fixed Bias or Base Bias(with or without 𝐑 𝐄 )

    Note: Instead of drawing


    the battery symbol for 𝑉𝐶𝐶 , a
    supply line is used instead
    By KVL around B-E loop: By KVL around C-E loop:

    𝑉𝐶𝐶 − 𝐼𝐵 𝑅𝐵 − 𝑉𝐵𝐸 − 𝐼𝐸 𝑅𝐸 = 0 𝑉𝐶𝐶 − 𝐼𝐶 𝑅𝐶 − 𝑉𝐶𝐸 − 𝐼𝐸 𝑅𝐸 = 0

    But 𝑰𝑬 = 𝑰𝑩 (𝟏 + 𝜷) 𝑽𝑪𝑬 = 𝑽𝑪𝑪 − 𝑰𝑪 𝑹𝑪 − 𝑰𝑬 𝑹𝑬

    +
    𝑽𝑪𝑬 So, 𝑉𝐶𝐶 − 𝐼𝐵 𝑅𝐵 − 𝑉𝐵𝐸 − 𝐼𝐵 (1 + 𝛽)𝑅𝐸 = 0
    -

    𝑽𝑪𝑪 − 𝑽𝑩𝑬
    𝑰𝑩 =
    𝑹𝑩 + (𝟏 + 𝜷)𝑹𝑬

    𝑽𝑪 = −𝑰𝑪 𝑹𝑪 + 𝑽𝑪𝑪
    𝑽𝑩 = 𝑽𝑩𝑬 + 𝑰𝑬 𝑹𝑬 𝑽𝑩 = −𝑰𝑩 𝑹𝑩 + 𝑽𝑪𝑪
    𝑰𝑪 = 𝑰𝑩 𝜷
    𝑽𝑪 = 𝑽𝑪𝑬 + 𝑰𝑬 𝑹𝑬
    𝑽𝑬 = 𝑰𝑬 𝑹𝑬
    2. Voltage Divider Bias: more stable than the fixed bias
    with temperature changes
    𝑅2 1
    𝑉𝑇𝐻 = 𝑉𝐶𝐶 𝑅𝑇𝐻 = 𝑅2 ∥ 𝑅1 =
    1 1
    𝑅1 + 𝑅2 +
    𝑅2 𝑅1
    Thevenin’s equivalent Or
    𝑅2 𝑅1
    𝑅𝑇𝐻 = 𝑅1 +𝑅2
    By KVL around B-E loop: By KVL around C-E loop:

    𝑉𝑇𝐻 − 𝐼𝐵 𝑅𝑇𝐻 − 𝑉𝐵𝐸 − 𝐼𝐸 𝑅𝐸 = 0 𝑉𝐶𝐶 − 𝐼𝐶 𝑅𝐶 − 𝑉𝐶𝐸 − 𝐼𝐸 𝑅𝐸 = 0

    𝑰𝑬 = 𝑰𝑩 𝟏 + 𝜷 𝑽𝑪𝑬 = 𝑽𝑪𝑪 − 𝑰𝑪 𝑹𝑪 − 𝑰𝑬 𝑹𝑬

    𝑉𝑇𝐻 − 𝐼𝐵 𝑅𝑇𝐻 − 𝑉𝐵𝐸 − 𝐼𝐵 1 + β 𝑅𝐸 = 0

    𝑽𝑻𝑯 − 𝑽𝑩𝑬
    𝑰𝑩 =
    𝑹𝑻𝑯 + 𝟏 + 𝜷 𝑹𝑬

    𝑽𝑩 = −𝑰𝑩 𝑹𝑻𝑯 + 𝑽𝑻𝑯


    𝑽𝑪 = −𝑰𝑪 𝑹𝑪 + 𝑽𝑪𝑪
    𝑽𝑩 = 𝑽𝑩𝑬 + 𝑰𝑬 𝑹𝑬
    𝑰𝑪 = 𝑰𝑩 𝜷
    𝑽𝑬 = 𝑰𝑬 𝑹𝑬
    𝑽𝑪 = 𝑽𝑪𝑬 + 𝑰𝑬 𝑹𝑬
    3. Emitter Bias
    Circuit is suitable for a a dual supply
    By KVL around B-E loop: By KVL around the C-E loop

    𝑉𝐶𝐶 − 𝐼𝐶 𝑅𝐶 − 𝑉𝐶𝐸 − 𝐼𝐸 𝑅𝐸 + 𝑉𝐸𝐸 = 0


    −𝐼𝐵 𝑅𝐵 − 𝑉𝐵𝐸 − 𝐼𝐸 𝑅𝐸 + 𝑉𝐸𝐸 = 0
    𝑽𝑪𝑬 = 𝑽𝑪𝑪 − 𝑰𝑪 𝑹𝑪 − 𝑰𝑬 𝑹𝑬 + 𝑽𝑬𝑬
    But 𝑰𝑬 = 𝑰𝑩 (𝟏 + 𝜷)

    +
    𝑽𝑪𝑬 So, −𝐼𝐵 𝑅𝐵 − 𝑉𝐵𝐸 − 𝐼𝐵 1 + 𝛽 𝑅𝐸 + 𝑉𝐸𝐸 = 0
    -

    𝑽𝑬𝑬 − 𝑽𝑩𝑬
    𝑰𝑩 =
    𝑹𝑩 + (𝟏 + 𝜷)𝑹𝑬
    𝑽𝑪 = −𝑰𝑪 𝑹𝑪 +𝑽𝑪𝑪

    𝑽𝑩 = −𝑰𝑩 𝑹𝑩 𝑽𝑩 = 𝑽𝑩𝑬 +𝑰𝑬 𝑹𝑬 − 𝑽𝑬𝑬 𝑰𝑪 = 𝑰𝑩 𝜷

    𝑽𝑪 = 𝑽𝑪𝑬 + 𝑰𝑬 𝑹𝑬 − 𝑽𝑬𝑬
    𝑽𝑬 = 𝑰𝑬 𝑹𝑬 − 𝑽𝑬𝑬 𝑽𝑬 = −𝑽𝑩𝑬 − 𝑰𝑩 𝑹𝑩
    4. Collector Feedback Bias or Self Bias
    By KVL around B-E loop:
    By KVL around C-E loop:

    𝑉𝐶𝐶 − 𝐼𝑅𝐶 − 𝐼𝐵 𝑅𝐵 − 𝑉𝐵𝐸 − 𝐼𝐸 𝑅𝐸 = 0


    𝑉𝐶𝐶 − 𝐼𝑅𝐶 − 𝑉𝐶𝐸 − 𝐼𝐸 𝑅𝐸 = 0
    𝐼 = 𝐼𝐵 + 𝐼𝐶 𝑏𝑢𝑡 𝐼𝐸 = 𝐼𝐵 + 𝐼𝐶
    𝐼 = 𝐼𝐸
    𝐼 = 𝐼𝐸
    and 𝑰𝑬 = 𝑰𝑩 (𝟏 + 𝜷)

    𝑽𝑪𝑬 = 𝑽𝑪𝑪 − 𝑰𝑬 (𝑹𝑪 +𝑹𝑬 )


    So, 𝑉𝐶𝐶 − 𝐼𝐸 𝑅𝐶 − 𝐼𝐵 𝑅𝐵 − 𝑉𝐵𝐸 − 𝐼𝐸 𝑅𝐸 = 0
    + 𝑉𝐶𝐶 − 𝐼𝐵 𝑅𝐵 − 𝑉𝐵𝐸 − 𝐼𝐵 (1 + 𝛽)( 𝑅𝐶 + 𝑅𝐸 ) = 0
    𝑽𝑪𝑬
    -

    𝑽𝑪𝑪 − 𝑽𝑩𝑬
    𝑰𝑩 = 𝑽𝑪 = −𝑰𝑬 𝑹𝑪 + 𝑽𝑪𝑪
    𝑹𝑩 + (𝟏 + 𝜷)(𝑹𝑪 +𝑹𝑬 )

    𝑽𝑩 = −𝑰𝑩 𝑹𝑩 − 𝑰𝑹𝑪 + 𝑽𝑪𝑪 𝑽𝑪 = 𝑽𝑪𝑬 + 𝑰𝑬 𝑹𝑬

    𝑽𝑩 = 𝑽𝑩𝑬 + 𝑰𝑬 𝑹𝑬 𝑽𝑬 = 𝑰𝑬 𝑹𝑬
    DC LOAD LINE
    • Determine the 𝑥 and 𝑦 intercepts by writing the KVL equation around the C-E
    loop
    • 𝑥 − 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑝𝑡 = 𝑉𝐶𝐸𝑐𝑢𝑡𝑜𝑓𝑓
    set 𝐼𝐶 = 0
    • 𝑦 − 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑝𝑡 = 𝐼𝐶𝑠𝑎𝑡
    set 𝑉𝐶𝐸 = 0

    • Coordinates of Q point: 𝑉𝐶𝐸𝑄 and 𝐼𝐶𝑄


    • Q point: Quiescent Point or Operating Point
    PNP TRANSISTOR BIASING CIRCUITS

    ❖All biasing circuits for the NPN transistor are also used for the PNP
    transistor.
    ❖Reversed current directions
    𝑰𝑩 : directed away from base
    𝑰𝑪 : directed away from collector
    𝑰𝑬 : directed towards emitter
    ❖Reversed voltage polarities

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