Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

    • 208 views

    Rizals Social Origin and Historical Context

    Uploaded by

    Althea Velchez
    1) The document discusses Rizal's Chinese ancestry on his father's side and the history of Chinese migration and settlement in the Philippines during the Spanish colonial period. It describes Rizal's great great grandfather Domingo Lam-co, who was from China and settled in Laguna, and the family's integration over generations. 2) It also provides background on the social classifications under Spanish rule and the prominent role of Chinese mestizos in business, commerce and the development of a Filipino national identity by the late 19th century. 3) Rizal himself was a fifth generation Chinese mestizo and drew from this mixed heritage in his writings that criticized Spanish colonial abuses and helped

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Rizals Social Origin and Historical Context

    Uploaded by

    Althea Velchez
    208 views39 pages
    1) The document discusses Rizal's Chinese ancestry on his father's side and the history of Chinese migration and settlement in the Philippines during the Spanish colonial period. It describes Rizal's great great grandfather Domingo Lam-co, who was from China and settled in Laguna, and the family's integration over generations. 2) It also provides background on the social classifications under Spanish rule and the prominent role of Chinese mestizos in business, commerce and the development of a Filipino national identity by the late 19th century. 3) Rizal himself was a fifth generation Chinese mestizo and drew from this mixed heritage in his writings that criticized Spanish colonial abuses and helped

    Original Description:

    report

    Original Title

    RIZALS-SOCIAL-ORIGIN-AND-HISTORICAL-CONTEXT

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    1) The document discusses Rizal's Chinese ancestry on his father's side and the history of Chinese migration and settlement in the Philippines during the Spanish colonial period. It describes Rizal's great great grandfather Domingo Lam-co, who was from China and settled in Laguna, and the family's integration over generations. 2) It also provides background on the social classifications under Spanish rule and the prominent role of Chinese mestizos in business, commerce and the development of a Filipino national identity by the late 19th century. 3) Rizal himself was a fifth generation Chinese mestizo and drew from this mixed heritage in his writings that criticized Spanish colonial abuses and helped

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    208 views39 pages

    Rizals Social Origin and Historical Context

    Uploaded by

    Althea Velchez
    1) The document discusses Rizal's Chinese ancestry on his father's side and the history of Chinese migration and settlement in the Philippines during the Spanish colonial period. It describes Rizal's great great grandfather Domingo Lam-co, who was from China and settled in Laguna, and the family's integration over generations. 2) It also provides background on the social classifications under Spanish rule and the prominent role of Chinese mestizos in business, commerce and the development of a Filipino national identity by the late 19th century. 3) Rizal himself was a fifth generation Chinese mestizo and drew from this mixed heritage in his writings that criticized Spanish colonial abuses and helped

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 39

    RIZAL'S SOCIAL ORIGIN

    AND
    HISTORICAL CONTEXT
    CHAPTER 4
    RIZAL’S CHINESE ANCESTRY

    CHAPTER 4
    RIZAL’S CHINESE
    ANCESTRY
    Within the walls ofIntramuroslived theSpanish rulers and
    few other personswho the fear and jealousy of the Spaniards
    allowed to come in.

     Some wereFilipinos who ministered to the needs of the


    Spaniards, but agreater numbers were the Sangleys or
    Chinese,the mechanics in all trades and excellent workmen.
    RIZAL’S CHINESE
    ANCESTRY

    Domingo Lam-cowas a native of the Chinchew district,


    where the Jesuits, and later the Dominicans, had a mission
    and he perhaps knew something of Christianity before
    leaving China
    RIZAL’S CHINESE ANCESTRY

     One church account indicated his home definitely, for its specified
    Siongque,an agricultural community near the great city He was baptized
    in the Parian church of San Gabriel on a Sunday June of 1697

    Following the customs of the other convert on the same occasion, Lam-co
    took the name Domingo ,the Spanish for Sunday, in honor of the day.

    Domingo Lam-co was influential in building Tubigan barrio, one of the


    richest parts of the great estate In name and appearance, it recalled the
    fertile plains that surrounded his native Chinchew, “the city of the springs.”
    RIZAL’S CHINESE ANCESTRY

    His neighbors were mainly Chinchew men;


    His wife was also from Chinchew, who was Inez de la Rosa
    The couple suffered a great loss in 1741 when their baby daughter,
    Josepha Didnio, lived only for five days

    They had at that time one other child, a boy of ten, Francisco Mercado,
    whose Christian name was given partly because he had an uncle of the
    same name

     Among the Chinese, the significance of a name count much, and it is


    always safe to seek a reason for the choice of a name
    RIZAL’S CHINESE ANCESTRY

    TheLam-co familywas not given to the practice of taking the names of


    their god- parents

    “Mercado”recallsanhonestSpanish “encomendero”ormerchant

    Francisco,therefore,set out in life with a


    surnamethatwouldfreehimfromthe prejudice that followed those with
    Chinese namesremindingofhisChineseancestry (Wickberg, 2000
    LIBERALIZING HEREDITARY
    INFLUENCE

    CHAPTER 4
    LIBERALIZING HEREDITARY
    INFLUENCE

     JOSE PROTACIO RIZAL MERCADO Y ALONSO REALONDA


    • declared as the National Hero of the Philippines and came from wealthy
    family in Calamba, Laguna.
    LIBERALIZING HEREDITARY
    INFLUENCE

     THE MERCADO - RIZAL FAMILY


    • had also Japanese, Spanish, Malay and Negrito blood

     FRANCISCO MERCADO (1818-1898)


    • the youngest among the 13 offspring of Juand and Cirila Mercado
    • studied Latin and Philosophy at the College of San Jose in Manila
    • he was born in Biñan, Laguna on April 18,1818 and was died on January
    5,1898 at the age of 80
    LIBERALIZING HEREDITARY
    INFLUENCE

     TEODORA ALONZO (1827-1913)


    • second child of Lorenzo Alonzo and Brijida de Quintons
    • studied at the Colegio de Santa Rosa
    • born in Santa Cruz, Manila on November 14, 1827 and died on 1913 in
    Manila at the age of 85
    LIBERALIZING HEREDITARY
    INFLUENCE
    THE PATERNAL LINEAGE OF JOSE RIZAL
     DOMINGO LAM-CO
    • the great great grandfather of Jose Rizal
    • married to a chinese half-breed named Ines dela Rosa
    • had a son named Francisco Mercado

     FRANCISCO MERCADO
    • is the great grandfather of Jose Rizal
    • was an alcalde or chief officer of Biñan in 1783
    •was married to Bernarda Monicha on May 26,1771
    LIBERALIZING HEREDITARY
    INFLUENCE
     JUAN MERCADO
    • is the grandfather of Jose Rizal
    • was three times chief officer of Biñan in 1808, 1813, and 1815
    • married to Cirila Alejandra

     FRANCISCO ENGRACIO MERCADO RIZAL


    • the father of Jose Rizal
    • a tenant of the Dominican-owned havienda
    • and married to Teodora Alonzo Realonda de Quintos
    LIBERALIZING HEREDITARY
    INFLUENCE
    THE MATERNAL LINEAGE OF RIZAL

     REGINA OCHOA
    • she married to Manuel de Quintos
    • Maria Victoria, Juan Soler, Joaquin and Brijida de Quintos (childrens)

     BRIJIDA DE QUINTOS
    • married to Lorenzo Alberto Alonso
    • Narcisa, Gregorio, Jose, Manuel, and Teodora Alonso Realonda
    LIBERALIZING HEREDITARY
    INFLUENCE

     TEODORA ALONSO REALONDA


    • she is the mother of Jose Rizal
    • a native of Manila who had been residing with her mother in Calamba
    THE CHINESE
    MESTIZO
    CHINESE HISTORY IN
    THE PHILIPPINES.

    In 1594, the Spanish Governor Luiz Perez


    Dasmariñas created Binondo as a permanent
    settlement for Chinese mestizos who converted
    to Catholicism. In this part of Manila, Chinese
    merchants and traders were free to do their
    business. Binondo also became the places of
    intermarriages between Chinese immigrants
    and Filipino natives, thus the emergence of
    Chinese mestizos.
    CHINESE HISTORY IN
    THE PHILIPPINES.
    CHINESE HISTORY IN THE
    PHILIPPINES.

    In Manila, notable communities were Sta. Cruz and Tondo. In the


    early 17th century, more than 100 Chinese individuals were
    married to native Filipinos in Iloilo, Pampanga and Cebu. In
    Northern Luzon, Chinese mestizos could be found in Pangasinan
    Benguet, and Mountain Province.
    CHINESE HISTORY IN THE
    PHILIPPINES.
    Spanish
    It was only 1741 that their
    Colonial Period
    legal status was officially
    until 1740:
    established when the whole
    Spaniards population of the Philippines
    Indios was reclassified into four
    Chinese according to the tax
    payments or tribute.
    CHINESE HISTORY IN THE
    PHILIPPINES.

    Classifications:
    Spaniards
    Mestizos
    Indios
    Chinese and Chinese
    Mestizos
    THE SIGNIFICANCE OF CHINESE MESTIZO
    Chinese mestizos became prominent and
    influential figures in the areas of industry,
    commerce, and business during the Spanish
    colonial period. They carried on a lucrative by
    collecting goods from the north and selling them
    to Manila and nearby provinces. They
    monopolized the internal trading in the
    Philippines while the Spanish mestizos were
    concerned with foreign trade.
    THE SIGNIFICANCE OF CHINESE MESTIZO
    The formation of the Filipino identity. This was
    evident during the latter part of the 19th
    century when they became clearly influential in
    the economy of the Philippines as a Spanish
    colony. This caused the Spaniards to be
    concerned with the ability of the Chinese
    mestizos to cause discord in society.
    THE SIGNIFICANCE OF CHINESE MESTIZO

    By 1800s, Chinese mestizos in the provinces


    began to form opinions regarding the Spanish
    colonial rule. It was also difficult to separate the
    Indios from Chinese mestizos since they
    identified themselves with each other socially
    and culturally. Chinese mestizos shared
    grievances with the Indios about the harsh
    conditions under the Spanish rule.
    THE SIGNIFICANCE OF CHINESE MESTIZO

    The most vivid manifestation of the budding


    sense of Filipino nationalism appeared in the
    late 1870s in the writings of Pedro Paterno and
    Gregorio Sanciano, who where both Chinese
    mestizos.
    Their writings were nurtured by Jose Rizal, a
    known pride of the Malay race but also a Chinese
    mestizo.
    THE SIGNIFICANCE OF CHINESE MESTIZO
    The significant role of Chinese mestizos in the making of
    the nation was highly evident as the turn of the century.
    Their involvement in the armed revolts against the
    colonizers showed that they recognized Spain as the
    enemy- the oppressor. The Philippine Revolution of 1869
    to 1898 was the act of determination on the part of
    Filipinos- Indios and Chinese mestizos alike- to claim for
    themselves and for the future generations the
    incomparable birthright of nationhood.
    RIZAL AND THE CHINESE MESTIZOS

    Rizal is a fifth generation Chinese mestizo.


    However, he and his father were considered as
    Indios.
    RIZAL AND THE CHINESE MESTIZOS

    Through his novels Noli Me Tangere and El


    Filibusterismo, Rizal exposed the abuses and
    corruption of the Spanish authorities, condemned the
    opposition of the people by the colonizers, and
    ridiculed the hypocrisy and overbearing attitude of
    the Spanish friars.
    AGRARIAN RELATION AND THE
    FRIAR LANDS
    • Two interconnected aspects of historical land distribution and
    ownership, particularly in relation to the Philippines during the Spanish
    colonial period.
    • 40% of the land in provinces of Bulacan, Tondo, Cavite, and Laguna de
    Bay was taken up by church estates for 333 years that Spain ruled the
    Philippines.
    AGRARIAN RELATION AND THE
    FRIAR LANDS

     Hacienda towns in the Philippines during 19th century

    • municipal center (municipio)


    • residence of the friar administrators (the casa hacienda)
    • granary
    • barrios
    Origin of the Estates
    Spanish rule for the first 100 years was exercised in most areas through a type of tax
    farming imported from the Americas and known as the encomienda. But abusive
    treatment of the local tribute payers and neglect of religious instruction by
    encomenderos (collectors of the tribute), as well as frequent withholding of revenues
    from the crown, caused the Spanish to abandon the system by the end of the 17th
    century.
    •The friar estates trace their beginnings to the land grants which were made to the
    early Spanish conquistadores.
    •A Spanish law was enforced prohibiting any one from acquiring a land which is already
    owned by the Filipinos.
    In the absence of mining, large-scale economic activities and abandonment of ranching
    and agriculture, the Spanish landowners donated their lands to the religious orders.
    •Filipino donors and sellers also contributed directly to the formation of
    the religious estates though with lesser extent than Spaniards.
    •Former Filipino chiefs and headmen were invariably the ones who sold
    or donated land.
    •The friar estates trace their beginnings to the land grants which were
    made to the early Spanish conquistadores.
    •A Spanish law was enforced prohibiting any one from acquiring a land
    which is already owned by the Filipinos
    .•In the absence of mining, large-scale economic activities and
    abandonment of ranching and agriculture, the Spanish landowners
    donated their lands to the religious orders.
    •Filipino donors and sellers also contributed directly to the formation of
    the religious estates though with lesser extent than Spaniards
    .•Former Filipino chiefs and headmen were invariably the ones who sold
    or donated land
    The
    EARLY PERIOD OF SPANISH COLONIZATION
    Early Period of Spanish
    Colonization

    Types of Farming
    > Cattle Ranching
    >Overshadowing rice, sugar, and tropical fruits.
    Early Period of Spanish
    Colonization

    Effect of Exempted Labor


    >More Filipinos were taken from non-hacienda villages,
    forcing those communities to fill their labor requirements from
    diminishing populations.
    >Filipinos who lived outside the estates were obliged to work
    longer and harder.
    Early Period of Spanish
    Colonization

    1745 rebellion
    >Began with complaints and petitions from Filipinos
    >The cause of revolt were the haciendas’ annexation of
    land and the prohibition of the haciendas’ land from being used
    for common pasturage and forage
    THE CAVITY MUTINY AND THE
    GOMBURZA EXECUTION

    The "Cavity Mutiny" refers to an uprising that occurred on


    January 20, 1872.

    Spanish arsenal located in Cavite, Philippines.

    The mutiny was led by a group of Filipino soldiers, known


    as the "Kawit Battalion,"
    THE CAVITY MUTINY AND THE
    GOMBURZA EXECUTION

    The "Gomburza Execution" refers to the execution of


    three Filipino Catholic priests—Mariano Gómez, José
    Burgos, and Jacinto Zamora—on February 17, 1872.

    They were ultimately sentenced to death by garrote, a


    method of execution used in Spain at the time.
    Thank you for listening!
    CHAPTER 4

    You might also like