Human Act Vs Act of Man.

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HUMAN ACT VS.

ACT OF MAN: UNDERSTANDING THE DIFFERENCE

Introduction:
• Ethics is the branch of philosophy that explores concepts of right and wrong, guiding human behavior.
• Within ethical discourse, a distinction is made between human acts and acts of man, highlighting the significance
of deliberate action and moral responsibility.
I. Human Act
A. Definition and Characteristics:
1. A human act is a deliberate action performed with knowledge, will, and moral responsibility.
2. It involves the exercise of reason, conscious decision-making, and free will.
3. Human acts are subject to moral evaluation based on intention and consequences.
B. Key Features of Human Acts:
1. Deliberation: Human acts are the result of conscious reflection and consideration.
2. Freedom: Individuals have the freedom to choose and perform human acts.
3. Moral Responsibility: The person performing the human act is morally accountable for their actions.
4. Rationality: Human acts involve the use of reason and moral judgment.
5. Intentionality: Human acts are driven by a purpose or intention.
C. Examples of Human Acts:
1. Acts of Kindness: Volunteering, helping others in need, practicing empathy.
2. Acts of Courage: Standing up for one's beliefs, taking risks for the greater good.
3. Acts of Honesty: Telling the truth, maintaining integrity in relationships.
II. Act of Man
A. Definition and Characteristics:
1. An act of man, or an act performed by man, refers to instinctive or involuntary actions.
2. It lacks conscious deliberation, rationality, and moral responsibility.
3. Acts of man are often automatic, driven by instincts or physiological processes.
B. Key Features of Acts of Man:
1. Reflexive Nature: Acts of man are spontaneous and automatic.
2. Lack of Moral Responsibility: These actions are not subject to moral evaluation.
3. Absence of Deliberation: Acts of man are typically not the product of conscious choice.
C. Examples of Acts of Man:
1. Reflex Actions: Sneezing, blinking, shivering.
2. Bodily Functions: Digestion, breathing, heartbeat.
3. Instinctive Behaviors: Startle response, flinching from pain.
III. Gray Areas and Considerations
A. Habits and Repetitive Behaviors:
1. Certain actions may become automatic through repetition but still involve human agency.
2. Habitual behaviors can blur the line between acts of man and human acts.
B. External Factors:
1. Coercion or external influences can impact a person's ability to perform human acts.
2. Mental impairments may affect an individual's capacity to exercise reason and moral judgment.
Conclusion:
• Understanding the distinction between human acts and acts of man is essential for ethical evaluation and moral
responsibility.
• Human acts involve conscious deliberation, freedom, and moral responsibility, while acts of man are automatic
and lack moral evaluation.
• While the distinction is generally clear, certain gray areas exist due to habits and external factors.
• By recognizing the difference between these categories, we can better navigate ethical dilemmas and make
informed moral choices in our lives.

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