TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS

OF
HYBRID
SOLAR PV POWER PLANTS
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS OF HYBRID SOLAR POWER
PLANT

1. SCOPE OF THE WORK

The scope includes guidelines and practices for the D es i g n, Supply, Installation, Testing
and Commissioning of Hybrid rooftop/ Ground Mounted PV power plants.

All the necessary approvals from Supervision committees, necessary civil works, Mounting
of Module Structures, PV Module Installation, Inverters Installation, Battery Bank,
DC/AC Cabling and interconnections, Connecting all the package components with the
Earthing System (All the components of the package should be connected properly by means
of sized cable with the existing earthing system) as per the standards, Net Metering,
Arranging all the necessary inspections from Electrical Inspectorate as part of Pre-
Commissioning if any, Commissioning of the PV Power Plant, are coming under the scope of
the contractor.

2. LOCATION

On the top of the electrical engineering department- Mousel University.

3. DEFINITION

A Hybrid Solar PV power plant system comprises of Mono Crystalline C-Si (Crystalline
Silicon)/ Thin Film Solar PV modules with intelligent Inverter having MPPT technology and
Intentional- Islanding feature and associated power electronics, which feeds generated AC
power to the Grid and Electrical engineering department (Essential load will be defined by
the end-user) when the Grid is not available. Other than PV Modules and Inverter/Inverters,
the system consists of a Battery Bank, Module Mounting Structures, appropriate DC and
AC Cables, Array Junction Boxes (AJB) / String Combiner Boxes (SCB), AC and DC
Distribution Box, Net meter, etc.

The system should be capable for exporting the generated AC power to the Grid. The
Hybrid power plants of all the capacities shall be capable of giving a battery backup of
minimum Two hour.
4. SOLAR PV MODULE

The Contractor shall use only the PV modules that are approved by the project engineers.
The List of PV modules under various categories have to be submitted for review/ approval.
However, the specifications for the PV Module is detailed below:

1. The PV modules must be PID compliant, salt, mist & ammonia resistant and should
withstand weather conditions for the project life cycle.

2. The back sheet of PV module shall be minimum of three layers with outer layer
(exposure to ambience) and shall be made of PVDF or PVF. The Back sheets for PV
Module with 2 layered or 3 layered Polyester types or the back sheets with Polyester
(PET type) at Air side material are not permitted for the empanelment; The minimum
thickness of the core layers (without adhesive and inner EVA coated) must be 300
microns. The maximum allowed water vapor transmission rate shall be less than 2 g /
m2/day and shall have a Partial Discharge > / = 1500V DC

3. The front glass shall meet the following specifications:

a. The facing glass must be Tempered, PV grade with Low iron and high transmission.

b. The transmission shall be > 93 %

c. Thickness shall be min 3.2 mm

d. Textured to trap more light

e. The glass shall have an Anti-reflective coating for the better transmission and light
absorption.

f. Tempered glass to meet the external load conditions

4. The encapsulant used for the PV modules should be UV resistant in nature. No yellowing
of the encapsulant with prolonged exposure shall occur. The sealant used for edge sealing
of PV modules shall have excellent moisture ingress Protection with good electrical
insulation and with good adhesion strength. Edge tapes for sealing are not allowed.

5. Anodized Aluminum module frames of sufficient thickness shall be used which are
electrically & chemically compatible with the structural material used for mounting the
modules having provision for earthing.
6. UV resistant junction boxes with minimum three numbers of bypass diodes and two
numbers of MC4 connectors or equivalent with appropriate length of 4 sq.mm Cu cable
shall be provided. IP65 degree of protection shall be used to avoid degradation during
Life. .

7. Shading correction/ bypass diode for optimizing PV out to be incorporated in each solar
module or panel level.

8. Each PV module used in any solar power project must use a RF identification tag
(RFID). The RFID can be inside or outside the module laminate but must be able
to withstand harsh environmental conditions, The RFID must contain the following
information:

a) Name of the manufacturer of PV Module.

b) Name of the manufacturer of Solar cells.

c) Month and year of the manufacture (separately for solar cells and module).

d) Country of origin (separately for solar cell and module).

e) I-V curve for the module.

f) Peak Wattage, IM, VM and FF for the module.

g) Unique Serial No. and Model No. of the module.

h) Date and year of obtaining IEC PV module qualification certificate.

i) Name of the test lab issuing IEC certificate.

j) Other relevant information on traceability of solar cells and module as per ISO 9000
series.

9. The following details should be provided on the module

a) Name of the manufacture

b) Serial Number.
c) Month and year of manufacture.
d) Rated Power at STC.
e) VMP, IMP, VOC, Isc.
10. The successful bidder shall arrange an RFID reader to show the RFID details of the
modules transported to sites, to the site Engineer in charge up to their satisfaction, which is
mandatory for the site acceptance test.

11. The PV modules must qualify (enclose Test Reports/Certificates from accredited laboratory)
as per relevant IEC standard. The Performance of PV Modules at STC conditions must be
tested and approved by one of the approved Accredited Testing Laboratories.

12. PV modules used in solar power plant/ systems must be warranted for 15 years for their
material, manufacturing defects, workmanship. The output peak watt capacity which
should not be less than 90% at the end of 20 years and 80% at the end of 25 years

13. Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEM) Warrantee of the PV Modules shall be submitted
by the successful bidder when the materials delivered at site.

14. The PV modules shall conform to the following standards:

• IEC 61215 / IEC 61646: c-Si (IEC 61215): Crystalline silicon terrestrial photovoltaic
(PV) modules – Design qualification and type approval Thin Film (IEC 61646):
Design, Qualification & Type Approval

• IEC 61730-1: Photovoltaic Module safety qualification- Part 1: Requirements for

construction

• IEC 61730-2: Photovoltaic Module safety qualification- Part 2: Requirements for testing

• IEC 61701: Salt mist corrosion testing of photovoltaic modules.

• IEC 62716: Test Sequences useful to determine the resistance of PV Modules to

Ammonia (NH3)

INVERTER

The Inverters shall be String Inverter with power exporting facility to the Grid. The detailed
specification for the inverter should be submitted for review/approval. However, the
specifications for the Hybrid Inverters are detailed below:

General Specifications:
1. All the Inverters should contain the following clear and indelible Marking Label &
Warning Label. The equipment shall, as a minimum, be permanently marked with:

a. The name or trademark of the manufacturer or supplier.

b. A model number, name or other means to identify the equipment.

c. A serial number, code or other markings allowing identification of manufacturing

location and the manufacturing batch or date within a three-month time period.

d. Input voltage, type of voltage (A.C. or D.C.), frequency, and maximum continuous
current for each input.

e. Output voltage, type of voltage (A.C. or D.C.), frequency, maximum continuous

current, and for A.C. outputs, either the power or power factor for each output.

f. The Ingress Protection (IP) rating

2. The Hybrid inverter output shall be 400 VAC, 50 Hz, 3 phases.

3. The Hybrid inverter should have all the technical requirements for connecting to the Grid
and Electrical Engineering Department with facility for connecting to a battery bank
4. The Hybrid inverter shall include appropriate self-protective and self-diagnostic feature
to protect itself and the PV array from damage in the event of inverter component failure or
from parameters beyond the inverter’s safe operating range due to internal or external
causes.

5. The Hybrid Inverters from 2kW to 100kW will be empaneled.

6. The layout of Inverter accommodation shall be designed to enable adequate heat dissipation
and availability. Mount within the existing infrastructure available in consultation with the
Site in charge. String Inverters may be installed with Canopy type structure over it to protect
it from frequent monsoon and weather changes.
7. The IEC Certifications of On-Grid Inverters are summarized below:
Standard Description
Photovoltaic systems – Power conditioners – Procedure for
IEC 61683
measuring efficiency
IEC 61727 or Photovoltaic (PV) systems- Characteristics of the utility
VDE-AR-N 4105 interface
Safety of power converters for use in photovoltaic power
IEC/EN 62109-1
systems – Part 1: General requirements
Safety of power converters for use in photovoltaic power
IEC/EN 62109-2
systems – Part 2: Particular requirements for inverters
Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) – Part 3-11; Limits;
Limitation of Voltage Change, Voltage Fluctuations and
IEC/EN 61000-3-3/
Flicker in Public Low- Voltage Supply Systems; Rated
3-11/ 3-5
Current <16A / >16A and <75A / >75A per Phase
respectively
Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) – Part 3-12; Limits;
Limits for Harmonic Currents produced by equipment
IEC/EN 61000-3-2/
connected to the public low voltage systems with Rated
-3-12/ -3-4
Current <16A / >16A and <75A / >75A per Phase
respectively
Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) – Part 6-2: Generic
*IEC/EN 61000-6-
standards – Immunity standard for residential and
1 / 6-2
commercial / industrial environments
Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) – Part 6-4: Generic
IEC/EN 61000-6-
standards – Emission standard for residential and commercial
3 / 6-4
/ industrial environments
IEC 62116 /IEEE
Utility-interconnected photovoltaic inverters – Test procedure
1547 or IEEE
of islanding prevention measures
1547.1 / UL 1741
IEC 60068-2-1 Environmental testing – Part 2-1: Tests – Test A: Cold
IEC 60068-2-2 Environmental testing – Part 2-2: Tests – Test B: Dry heat
Environmental testing – Part 2-14: Tests – Test N: Change of
IEC 60068-2-14
temperature
Environmental testing – Part 2-30: Tests – Test Db:, Damp
IEC 60068-2-30 heat, cyclic (12 h + 12 h cycle)
6. BATTERY BANK

1. The battery bank can be LMLA, VRLA (Smf or Gel). The Contractor shall use only
the Batteries that are approved. However, the specifications for the Batteries are
detailed below:

Technical Requirements

S.No: Parameters

1. Nominal Capacity (Ah) shall be rated @C10

2. Minimum Nominal voltage (V): 2V

3, Self-discharge (less than 3% per month at 30°C)

A 1 hour backup of MNRE requirement is required for Hybrid Power Plant and is
4
estimated as 1200Wh

2. General Specifications:

a. Test certificate submitted should qualify the minimum requirements as per above
standards for capacity test, ampere-hour efficiency test, watt-hour efficiency test,
self- discharge test.

b. Battery (Lead Acid LMLA/Lead Acid –VRLA or SMF/Lead Acid GEL) shall have a
warrantee of minimum 5 years.

c. Battery capacity is rated C/10 at 27°C

d. Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEM) Warrantee of Battery shall be submitted

4. STANDARDS AND CERTIFICATIONS

Major IEC Certification for LMLA/VRLA / Lithium Ferro Phosphate batteries are listed
below:
Standard Description
IEC 61427 IEC 61427 – This series gives general information relating to the
requirements for the secondary batteries used in photovoltaic energy
systems (PVES) and to the typical methods of test used for the
verification of battery performances.

This part of IEC 60896 applies to all stationary lead-acid cells and
Monobloc batteries of the valve regulated type for float charge
applications, (i.e. permanently connected to a load and to a d.c.
power supply), in a static location (i.e. not generally intended to be
IEC 60896
moved from place to place) and incorporated into stationary
equipment or installed in battery rooms for use in telecom,
uninterruptible power supply (UPS), utility switching, emergency
power or similar applications.

Defines requirements and tests for the safe operation of portable

IEC 62133: sealed secondary cells and batteries containing alkaline or other non-
2012 acid electrolyte, under intended use and reasonably foreseeable
misuse.

IEC 61056-1:2012 specifies the general requirements, functional

IEC 61056 characteristics and methods of test for all general-purpose lead-acid
cells and batteries of the valve-regulated type
IEC 61056 defines the general requirements, functional
IEC 61056 characteristics and methods of test for all general-purpose lead-
acid cells and batteries of the valve- regulated type.
IEC 62133 requirements and tests for the safe operation of
IEC 62133-2: 2017 portable sealed secondary lithium cells and batteries containing
non-acid electrolyte, under intended use and reasonably
IEC 62620 defines marking, tests and requirements for lithium
IEC 62620:2014 secondary cells and batteries used in industrial applications
including stationary applications.
DATALOGGING

A data logging system (Hardware and software) for monitoring the plant shall be provided
(can be provided with the inverter) has embedded data logging system. The following
weather parameters are to be measured as part of the datalogging system.

a) Solar Irradiance:

A Pyranometer/ Solar cell-based irradiation sensor (along with calibration certificate)

shall be provided, with the sensor mounted in the plane of the array. Readout shall be
integrated with data logging system: from 25kWp to less than 100kWp

Pyranometer (Class II or better) shall be provided with the sensor mounted in the place of
the array. Readout shall be integrated with data logging system: for 100kWp and above.

b) Temperature: Integrated temp, sensors for measuring the module surface temp.,
inverter inside enclosure temp, and ambient temp to be provided complete with readouts
integrated with the data logging system.

2. It is recommended that the following important parameters shall be accessible through

the Data Logging Facility.
a) AC Voltage
b) AC Output current
c) Output Power
d) Energy in kWh
e) DC Input Voltage
f) DC Input Current
g) Temperatures (C)
h) Invertor Status
i) Irradiation
j) Module temperature
k) String Voltage & Current (For PV Plants from 100kWp onwards)
3. Provision for Internet monitoring and download of historical data shall be incorporated.
GSM Modem/Wi Fi modem in case GSM connectivity is used or Wireless Router +
modem in case Ethernet connection is being used for remote access must be provided.

4. The data from the above data monitoring system will be used for calculating the
Performance Ratio (PR) of the power plant as per IEC 61724 for plants above
25kWp.capacity Hybrid PV Plant.

MODULE MOUNTING STRUCTURE

• Photovoltaic arrays must be mounted on a stable, durable structure that can support the
array and withstand wind, rain, snow and other adverse conditions. The modules will be
fixed on structures with fixed arrangement.
• The module mounting structures shall have adequate strength and appropriate design
suitable to the locations, which can withstand the load and high wind velocities. Stationary
structures shall support PV modules at a given orientation, absorb and transfer the
mechanical loads to the surface properly.
• Each structure with fixed tilt should have a tilt angle as per the site conditions to take
maximum insolation which will be approximately equal to the latitude of the location
facing true South. The tilt angle can vary from 25 degree to 35 degree based on the
location’s latitude in Ninawa
• The PV module mounting structure shall have a capacity to withstand a wind velocity of
120 km/hr.
• Suitable fastening arrangement such as grouting and calming should be provided to secure
the installation against the specific wind speed. The PV array structure design shall be
appropriate with a factor of safety of min 1.5. The STAAD / Equivalent structural design
report must be attached along with the technical bid.
• The materials used for structures shall be Hot dip Galvanized Mild Steel conformed to IS
2062:1992 or aluminum of suitable grade minimum alloy 6063 or better.
• The minimum thickness of galvanization for hot dip Galvanized Mild Steel should be at
least 180 microns.
• The Bolts, Nuts, fasteners, and clamps used for panel mounting shall be of Stainless-
Steel SS 304.

• Aluminum structures used shall be protected against rusting either by coating or

anodization.
• Aluminum frames should be avoided for installations in coastal areas.
• The structure shall be designed to withstand operating environmental conditions for a
period of minimum 25 years. And shall be free from corrosion while installation.
• Screw fasteners shall use existing mounting holes provided by module manufacturer. No
additional holes shall be drilled on module frames
• Minimum distance between the lower level of PV Module and the roof ground shall be
0.6m from the roof ground level.
• The PV Panel area shall be accessible for cleaning and for any repair work.
• Sufficient gap needs to be provided between the rows to avoid falling of shadow of one
row on the next row.
• Adequate spacing shall be provided between any two modules secured on PV panel for
improved wind resistance.
• Installation of structure for solar PV mounting should not tamper with the water proofing
of the roofs.

• The above drawing is specific for RCC flat roofs and may vary for slope roofs. However
the drawings shall be approved by concerned Site Engineer before installing the plant.

SOLAR METER and NETMETER

Solar Meter:

A separate Energy Meter called Solar Meter shall be provided at the output to record the
energy generation from the Solar System. Solar energy meter means a unidirectional meter
to be installed at the delivery point of the solar energy system to measure the solar
electricity generated. This Energy Meter should be tested along with the Net Meter (Import-
Export Meter).

Net meter:

Net metering system is to be provided to the solar consumer. Net meter means the
bidirectional energy meter to be installed at the interconnection point of the consumer
with the network of distribution licensee

Energy meters shall be installed and maintained in accordance with the provisions of
The Central Electricity Authority.

A solar meter and bidirectional energy meter suitable for the installed solar plant shall
be supplied and installed by the contractor after testing. Energy Meters must be provided
with the necessary data cables if required.

The solar energy meter and net energy meter shall be of accuracy as given and CT and
PT shall be utilized accordingly.

Meters shall be microprocessor based conforming IEC 60687 / IEC 6205211 / IEC 62053-22
and solar energy meter or its display shall be placed adjacent to net energy meter.

Display parameters: LCD test, kWh import, kWh export, MD in kW export, MD in

kW import, Date & Time, AC current and voltages and power factor (Cumulative kWh
will be indicated continuously by default & other parameters through push-button). The
solar energy meters and net energy meters should be DLMS compliant and AMR
compatible with RS 485 communication port for measurement of specified electrical
parameters.

The solar energy meters shall be provided with two ports for communication of the measured
/ collected data. One port compatible with RS 485 specifications. The other port shall be
an optical port complying with hardware specifications detailed in IEC 62056-21.

10.EARTHING (Installation of the earthing system is out of scope of this

project, while connecting the PV package with existing building earthing system
should be carried out according to this specification).

The Solar PV Plant should have a dedicated earthing system. The Earthing for array and LT
power shall be made as per the provisions of IEC 60364, IEC 60335 and Iraqi Technical
specifications for building construction.

1. Earthing System shall connect all non –current carrying metal receptacles, electrical
boxes, appliance frames, chassis and PV module mounting structures in one long run.
The earth strips should not be bolted. Earthing GI strips shall be interconnected by
proper welding.

2. In any case, the cross-section area or the earthing conductor for PV equipment should
not be less than 6 mm2 copper. For the earthing of lightning arrestor, cross-
section of the earthing conductor should not be less than 16 mm2 of copper. The
complete Earthing system shall be mechanically & electrically connected to provide
independent return to earth.

3. All non-current carrying metal parts shall be Earthed with two separate and distinct
earth continuity conductors to an efficient earth electrode.

4. The equipment grounding wire shall be connected to earth strip by proper fixing
arrangement. Each strip shall be continued up to at least 500mm from the equipment.

The bidder shall submit the detailed drawings for the Earthing arrangements.
11. ARRAY JUNCTION BOX (AJB)/ STRING COMBINER BOX (SCB)

AJB shall be provided as per the design requirement of the Inverter, if required. AJB
comprises of an enclosure, copper busbars, Fuses, Surge Protection Device (SPD) and
Isolator. DC generated by the solar modules is transmitted through the appropriate cables
from Array Yard to Control facility. AJB bus & panel shall be provided for the incoming
DC supply from array yard.

AJB, if required, should be equipped with an adequate capacity indoor DC circuit breaker
along with control circuit, protection relays, fuses, etc.

AJB, if required, shall have sheet from enclosure of dust and vermin proof, the bus bar /
cables are to be made of copper of desired size.

The Array Junction Boxes are to be provided in the PV array for termination of connecting
cables. The Array Junction Boxes shall be made of GRP/FRP/with full dust, water& vermin
proof arrangement. All wires/cables must be terminated through cable lugs. The JBs shall
be such that input & output termination can be made through suitable cable glands.

1. Suitable markings shall be provided on the bus bar for easy identification and the
cable ferrules must be fitted at the cable termination points for identification.
2. Copper bus bars/terminal blocks housed in the junction box with suitable
termination threads conforming to IP 65 standard to prevent water entry, Single/
double compression cable glands, provision of earthing. It should be placed at a
height suitable for ease of accessibility.
3. Each Junction Box shall have high quality Suitable capacity Metal Oxide Varistors
(MOVs)/ SPDs. The Surge Protective Device shall be of Type 2 as per IEC 60364-5- 53
4. The junction Boxes shall have suitable arrangement for the followings (typical): -
Combine groups of modules into independent charging sub-arrays that will be wired
into the controller. The Junction Boxes shall have arrangements for disconnection
for each groups and attest point for sub-group for fault location. AJB/SCB shall be
wired with optical fiber cables for enabling data collection for PV Plants from
100kWp onwards.
5. The current carrying ratings of the string combiner box/ junction box shall be suitable
with adequate safety factor, to inter connect the Solar PV array.
6. All fuses shall have DIN rail mountable fuse holders and shall be housed in
thermoplastic IP65 enclosures with transparent covers.
7. Fuse for both positive and negative inputs of each strings, Isolator of MCB, SPD of
type 2 shall be provided.
8. The surge arresters shall be type 2 (with reference to IEC 61643-1) rated at a
continuous operating voltage of at least 125 percentage of the open-circuit voltage of
the PV string, and a flash current of more than 5A.
9. Not more than two strings can be connected in parallel to a single input of SCB/AJB.
One spare input terminal along with connector shall be provided for each SCB/AJB.
10. Every SCB/AJB input shall be provided with fuses on both positive and negative
side.
11. DC switch disconnector of suitable rating shall be provided at AJB/SCB output to
disconnect both positive and negative side simultaneously.

12. Switches/ circuit breakers/ connectors meeting general requirements and safety
measurements as per IEC 60947 part I, II and III.

12.AC DISTRIBUTION BOARD

AC Distribution Board (ACDB) shall control the AC power from inverter and should have
necessary surge arrestors.

An ACDB panel shall be provided in between PVU and Utility grid. It shall have
MCB/MCCB/ACB or circuit breaker of suitable rating for connection and disconnection of
PVU from grid.

1. The connection between ACDB and Utility grid shall be of standard cable/ Conductor
with suitable termination. It shall have provision to measure grid voltage, current and
power.

2. The incomer shall be selected at required rating. The ACDB enclosure shall be of good
protection and suitable for mounting on the trenches / on wall.

3. All the 400 V AC or 230 V AC devices/equipment like bus support insulators, circuit
breakers, SFU isolators (if applicable), SPD, etc. mounted inside the switch gear shall
be suitable for continuous operation

4. Switches/ circuit breakers/ connectors meeting general requirements and safety

measurements as per IEC 60947 part I, II and III.

5. Junction boxes, enclosures, panels for inverters/ Controllers shall meet IP 54 (for
outdoor)/ IP 65 (for indoor) as per IEC 529.

13.AC/DC CABLING

Cabling is required for wiring from AC output of inverter to the Grid Interconnection point.
It includes the DC cabling from Solar Array to AJB and from AJB to inverter input.
1. All cables of appropriate size to be used in the system shall have the following
characteristic:
a. Shall conform to IEC 60227, IEC 60502 standards and Iraqi Technical specifications.
b. Voltage rating: 600/1000V
c. Excellent resistance to heat, cold, water, oil, abrasion, UV radiation
d. Flexible.

2. Sizes of cables between any array interconnections, array to junction boxes, junction
boxes to inverter etc. shall be so selected to keep the voltage drop (power loss) of the
entire solar system to the minimum (2%).
3. For the DC cabling, XLPE or XLPO insulated and sheathed, UV stabilized single core
flexible copper cables shall be used; Multi-core cables shall not be used.
4. For the AC cabling, PVC or XLPE insulated and PVC sheathed single or, multi-core
flexible copper cables shall be used. Outdoor AC cables shall have a UV -stabilized
outer sheath IEC 69947.

5. The total voltage drop on the cable segments from the solar PV modules to the solar
grid inverter shall not exceed 2%.
6. The total voltage drop on the cable segments from the solar grid inverter to the
building distribution board shall not exceed 2%.
7. The DC cables from the PV module array shall run through a UV-stabilized PVC
conduit pipe (or Cable trays) of adequate diameter with a minimum wall thickness of
1.5mm.
8. Cables and wires used for the interconnection of solar PV modules shall be provided
with solar PV connectors (MC4) and couplers
9. All cables and conduit pipes shall be clamped to the rooftop, walls and ceilings with
thermo-plastic clamps at intervals not exceeding 50cm; the minimum DC cables size
shall be 4.0mm2 copper; the minimum AC cable size shall be 4.0mm2 copper. In three
phase systems, the size of the neutral wire size shall be equal to the size of the phase
wires.
10. Cable Marking: All cable/wires are to be marked in proper manner by good quality
ferule or by other means so that the cable can be easily identified. The following
color code shall be used for cable wires
a. DC positive: red (the outer PVC sheath can be black with a red line marking.
b. DC negative: black.
c. AC single phase: Phase: red; Neutral: black.
d. AC three phase: phases: red, yellow, blue; neutral: black.
e. Earth wires: green.

11. Cables and conduits that have to pass through walls or ceilings shall be taken through
PVC pipe sleeve.
12. Cable conductors shall be terminated with tinned copper end ferrules to prevent
fraying and breaking of individual wire strands. The termination of the DC and AC
cables at the Solar Grid Inverter shall be done as per instructions of the manufacturer,
which in most cases will include the use of special connectors.
13. All cables and connectors used for installation of solar field must be of solar grade
which can withstand harsh environment conditions including high temperatures, UV
radiation, rain, humidity, dirt, salt, burial and attack by moss and microbes for 25
years and voltages as per latest IEC standards. DC cables used from solar modules to
array junction box shall solar grade copper (Cu) with XLPO insulation and rated for
1.1 kV as per relevant standards only.
14. Bending radius for cables shall be as per manufactures recommendations.
15. For laying/termination of cables latest IEC standards shall be followed.

14. CIVIL WORKS

Existing shade-free roof-top space shall be used to install Solar PV array. While installing
solar power pants on rooftops, the physical condition of the rooftop, chances of shading,
chances water level rise in the rooftop during raining due improper drainage in the roof-top
should be taken in to consideration.

1. PV array shall be installed in the terrace space free from any obstruction and/or shadow
and to minimize effects of shadows due to adjacent PV panel rows.
2. PV array shall be oriented in the south direction in order to maximize annual energy
yield of the plant.
3. The solar PV array must be installed on the rooftop in such a way that there is sufficient
space on the rooftop for maintenance etc.
4. There should not be any damage what so ever to the rooftop due to setting up of the
solar power plant so that on a later day there is leakage of rainwater, etc. from the
rooftop.

Some civil works are inevitable for erecting the footings for the module mounting
structure as discussed in Module Mounting Structure section. The roof top may be
given a suitable grading plaster with suitable leak proof compound so as to render the
roof entirely leak proof.
5. While cabling the array, care must be taken such that no loose cables lie on
the rooftops.
6. The roof top should look clean and tidy after installation of the array.
7. Neatness, tidiness and aesthetics must be observed while installing the systems.
8. RCC Works - All RCC works shall be as per Iraqi technical Specification and the
materials used. Cement reinforcement, steel, formwork etc. shall be as per relevant
Iraqi technical Specification.

9. Display of mandatory items- Single Line Diagram and layout diagram of modules
and interconnection at installation site shall be provided near the inverter for greater
than 10 kWp systems.
10. All Civil works required for the installation of the PV Plant and other civil and
electrical work in evacuation infrastructure, wherever necessary, shall be within
the scope of the bidder.

15. OPERATION MANUAL

An Operation, Instruction and Maintenance Manual, should be provided with the system. The
following minimum details must be provided in the manual:

• About solar power plant – its components and expected performance.

• Cleaning of Solar PV Modules in regular intervals

• Clear instructions on regular maintenance and troubleshooting of solar power plant

• AS built Drawings for the Installation

• OEM Warrantee Certificates of Inverters, PV Modules, Batteries etc.

• Specification of PV Plant

• Data Sheets of major equipment like PV Module, Inverter etc.

16. Site training for operation and maintenance:

Provide necessary manpower and documents for site operating and maintenance training for the
end-user team (3 Engineers) for the solar system for (3 days, 7 hours per day) to ensure improving
the level that qualifies the attendances to carry out the routine operation and urgent maintenance. A
final evaluation of participants at the end of the course will be required. Training plans, schedules,
and manuals must be provided. Training must be carried out by a certified trainer, a CV for the
trainer has to be provided for review and approval.