I -2 The

microscopy } cell

of 3
important parameters of microscopy
Obj To identity structurally operational aspects
: :

microscopes
Magnification
To
4
1
explain the techniques microscopy the ratio measure of
.

in
-

2. Resolution -

d-
cell
biology .
an
object 's image size to the
clarity of image /the min
ability to show
-

its real size

detail distance of 2
distinguishable points
Ms 18 :
Historical background -

ability to enlarge objects .

3- Contrast -

visible drift -
th

differentiating samples
Microscopes : to visualize cells too small to see with
parts of the sample
-

from
background
naked eye

of
Types light Microscopes .

Micwscopy-tMYtM_✓
Bright field ( most used specimen is darker
widely
-

visible light passed through a specimen , then through glass lenses than
surrounding field )
( bend)

Lenses refract the light -

image is
magnified
Various
techniques to enhance contrast
-

Dark field ( brightly illuminated specimens surrounded

is enable cell components to be stained or labeled

by dark field )
.

→ use dye /stain

* Subcellular structures organelles ( membrane Closed Phase contrast transforms subtle
-

change in light
-

waves passing
- - -

compartments )
too small specimen into diff
to be resolved
by an LM through the
light intensity
↳ for intracellular structures
observing
.

Electron microscopes ( Ems ) 8€ Ms

-

↳EMS
Normarski Differential Interference Microscopy
-

SEM s
scanning Electron
microscopes used
polarized light
- -

↳ focus beam of electrons onto the surface of a gives 3 dimensional look at transparent objects
-

a .

specimen . →
provide 3-D
images

TFMS Transmission electron microscopes

-

↳ focus a beam of electrons through a specimen .

b to
study the internal structures of a
specimen .

• darker areas represent thicker , denser parts .

lighter areas : more transparent lies s dense parts

.
• ,