Global

Migration
Presented By:
GONZAGA, Emmanuel James
MARTICIO, Raymart
VENDIOLA, Ram
CELLS, Joanne Claire
RAFALLO, Florenze Monique
Lesson Outline
What is
Types of
Migrant vs. Causes of

Migration? Migration Immigrant Migration

Volume of
Laws
Advantages

Factors of

Contemporary
Affecting
and

Migration
Migration OFWs Disadvantages
Learning
Outcomes
At the end of the lesson, you are expected to:
Identify the reasons for the migration of

people;
Explain why states regulate migration; and
Discuss the effects of global migration on the

economic well-being of states

Analyze the political, economic, cultural, and

social factors underlying the global movements

of people; and
Reflect on the experiences of Overseas Filipino

Workers or OFW’s
What is Migration?
Movement of People
Migration is the movement of people from one place to

another. Migration can be within the country or between

countries.
According from Boyle (1988), it means crossing the

boundary of a political or administrative unit for a certain

minimum period.
The movement of people from one place to another with

the purpose of changing their residence, either

temporarily or permanently.
Two Types of Migration
INTERNAL INTERNATIONAL
MIGRATION MIGRATION
INTERNAL means WITHIN the
INTERNATIONAL means OUTSIDE

country. the country.

Movement of people from one
State to State
place to another within the country. People cross borders of one

Is the movement of people from one

country to another.
area such as province, a district, or
Many scholars argued that

municipality to another within one

internal and international

country migration are part of the same

Examples: Rural to Urban Migration process and they should be

and Urban to Rural Migration analyzed together.

1. Internal Migration

A. Rural to Urban Migration

This is the most common type of internal migration and

usually happens when people move to cities in search of
better opportunities.
1. Internal Migration

B. Urban to Rural Migration

This occurs when people who live in cities move to

rural areas in search of a better quality of life.

2. International Migration
1. Those who move permanently to another country
or those who we call immigrants.
2. Those workers who stay in another country for a
fixed period of time (at least 6 months in a year).
3. Illegal Migrants
4. Those families who have "petitioned" them to move
to the destination country.
5. Refugees and Asylum seekers
Types of International Migrants
Popularly known for Overseas Contract Workers who migrate
Temporary Labor

for a limited period of time in order to work and send

Migrants
remittances to families in the country of origin.

People with qualifications such as the managers, executives,

Highly-skilled and
professionals, technicians, and the like, who move within the

Business Migrants internal labor markets of transnational corporations and

international organizations.

Also known as the undocumented or illegal migrants who

enter a country in search for employment with no

Irregular Migrants
necessary documents or permits.

Types of International Migrants

Those who are unable or unwilling to return to their country of

origin because of a well-founded fear of persecution on

Refugees
account of race, religion, nationality, membership in a

particular social group or political opinion.

Asylum Seekers Those who move across borders in search for protection.

Includes not only refugees and asylum seekers but also

people forced to move by environmental catastrophes or

developmental projects Forced Migrants

(e.g. Drought)
Types of International Migrants

Also known as family reunion or family reunification

migrants.
Family Members

Those who return to their countries of origin after a period

Returned Migrants in another country.

Migrant vs. Immigrant
Migrant Immigrant
A broad term that applies to an An individual who willingly leaves
individual who willingly leaves home their country of origin and legally
and moves from one place to another, enters another country where they
most often in search of employment. are granted permission to
Includes People Who: permanently resettle, thus qualifying
Move from one region to another them to work without restriction.
within the borders of their own Reasons can be many from a
country longing for economic prosperity
Move from their country of birth to or a better education, to the
another country or countries. fulfillment of a dream or reunion
with family.
Migrants
TEMPORARY MOVEMENT
An immigrant alwa
Immigrants begins the journey
ys

as

PERMANENT RESIDENCY a migrant, but a

migrant doesn’t

Migration OCCUR WITHIN THE BORDERS

OF THE SAME COUNTRY, OR CROSS

always end the

journey as an

INTERNATIONAL BORDERS immigrant.

Immigration OCCURS WHEN A

PERSON CROSSES AN INTERNATIONAL BORDER AND

BECOMES A PERMANENT RESIDENT IN ANOTHER

COUNTRY
IMMIGRATE VS EMIGRATE
EMIGRATION means the IMMIGRATION means the
movement of people from movement of people to a
a country or people country or moving into a
moving out from the country
country Derived from the Latin
Derived from the Latin immigrare which means to
emigrare which means to
go into
move
Causes of Migration

Disparity in
Social Well-

levels of Income Employment

being

Differences in demographic

patterns with regards to fertility,

mortality, age-structure, and

labor-force growth.
Two Factors of Migration
"Push" "Pull"
Factors Factors
ha t are som e po ssible reasons for What are some potential incentives fo
W r
humans to emigrate elsewhere? them to immigrate or stay?

hu m an or na ture factors that Any human or nature factor that at

any tract
leave a
encourage or force people to people to live in a new residential ar
ea or
settlement or residence. location.
a. Social push factor a. Social push factor
b.Political push factor b.Political push factor
c. Economic push factor c. Economic push factor
d. Environmental push factor d. Environmental push factor
The Volume of Contemporary

Migration
According to Charlotte Edmond, there are an estimated 272 million international migrants

around the world.

Also, according to International Organization for Migration (IOM), In most discussions on

migration, the starting point is usually numbers. The current global estimate is that there were

around 281 million international migrants in the world in 2020, which equates to 3.6% of the

global population.
The scale and speed of migration – defined by the International Organization for Migration

(IOM) as the movement of persons away from their place of usual residence, either across an

international border or within a state.

The significance of migration as a major factor in societal change lies in the fact that it is

concentrated in certain countries and regions.

Migration affects certain areas within both the sending and the receiving countries more than

others.
Migration needs to take place in an orderly way to safeguard the human rights of migrants.
Philippine Laws Affecting OFWs
Philippine Overseas Employment Administration (POEA)

under the Department of Labor & Employment (DOLE) -

Laws to protect migrants

POEA is a government agency under the DOLE. Its official

mandate is to manage overseas employment programs

by securing the best employment terms for Filipino

migrant workers. At the same time, the agency is tasked

to protect the rights of all OFWs and ensure fair and

ethical recruitment practices.

Philippine Laws Affecting OFWs
Right to Travel
The Philippine Passport Act of 1996 (Republic Act. No. 8239) affirms the inviolability of the constitutional

right of every Filipino to travel abroad.

Right to be protected
The Migrant Workers and Overseas Filipinos Act (Republic Act No. 10022) concretized the government’s

commitment to protect the rights and to promote the welfare of OFW in distress.

Right to vote
The Overseas Voting Act of 2013 ensures equal opportunity to all qualified citizens of the Philippines

abroad in the exercise of their right to participate in the election of President, Vice-President, Senators

and Party-List Representatives.

Tax Exemption
Tax Reform Act of 1997 (Republic Act No 8424) provides that an individual citizen of the Philippines who

is working and deriving income from abroad is taxable only on income derived from sources within the

Philippines. Thus, income outside the Philippines earned by an OFW is not subject to Philippine tax.
International Migration Law
Through its International Migration Law Unit (IML), IOM works to strengthen and

promote the Organization’s involvement in International Migration Law.

A key objective of the IML Unit is to encourage dissemination and understanding

both within IOM and amongst its counterparts of the international legal

standards that govern migration and protect the rights of all individuals involved

in migration.
In 2004, the International Migration Law Unit was established to:
Compile the migration-related legal instruments at international, regional

and national levels and make them easily accessible;

Disseminate this information and thus enhance the understanding of IML;
Organize training seminars and capacity building activities in the field of

migration law; and

Promote IML as essential component of comprehensive migration

management frameworks.
ADVANTAGES
of
Migration
1. Remittances
Money sent to another party,
usually in another country.
Typically, the sender is a
foreign worker and the
recipient is a relative in the
recipient's home country.
Remittance is considered as
one of the many massive
contributions to the national
accounts of many
immigration countries.
2. Job 3. Increases 4. Can benefit
Vaca n cies can economic locations where
be filled growth majority of the
population is old

5. Additional 6. New 7. Fa vo r ab le
taxes for the innovations and ec o no m ic a nd
host country ideas cul tu ra l im pa ct
DISADVANTAGES
of
Migration
1. Hu m a n Ca pi ta l 2. Human 3. Displacement
Flight or Trafficking of Jobs
"Bra in D ra in "

4. Increased 5. Loss of 6. Ta k es tim e t o

crime rates informational ad ap t to ne w
and financial e nv ir on m e n t
wealth