MODULE 3

Globalization and INTERPOL

Learning objectives:
At the end of this module, students should be
able to:
Explain the globalization.
Know the effects of Globalization to Law
Emforcement.
Define the ASEANAPOL.
GLOBALIZATION
It is a process of interaction and integration among the
people, companies, and government of different nations, as
process driven by international trade and investment and
aided by information technology. This process has effects on
the environment, on culture, on political systems, on
economic development and prosperity, and on human
physical wellbeing in societies around the world. In economic
context, it refers to the reduction and removal of barriers
between national borders in order to facilitate to flow of
goods, capital, services and labor, although considerable
barriers remain to the flow of labor.
POSITIVE ASPECTS
OF GLOBALIZATION
1. Globalization has created the concept of outsourcing. Work
such as software development, customer support, marketing,
accounting and insurance is outsourced to developing
countries like India. The company that outsourced the work
enjoys the benefit of lower costs because the wages in
developing countries is far lower than that of developed
countries. The workers in the developing countries get
employment. Developing countries get access to the latest
technology.
POSITIVE ASPECTS
OF GLOBALIZATION
2. Increased competition
forces companies to lower
prices. This benefits the
end consumers.
POSITIVE ASPECTS
OF GLOBALIZATION
3. Increased media coverage
draws the attention of the
world to human right
violations. This leads to
improvement in human rights.
EFFECTS OF
GLOBALIZATION
If you visit several countries,
you can easily feel the effect
globalization has on our daily
lives. The following are some
of the most significant effects
of globalization:
1. INDUSTRY
- The world has become a
huge market where you can
buy and sell things produced
in any part of the world.
There are a lot of
international brands
operating worldwide.
2. CULTURE
- Globalization means a decrease in the
cultural diversity that used to exist in
the world earlier. You can find people
in several countries dressing up like
Westerners.
- Food is another good example. Young
people especially are eating more of
American or Chinese foods then their
own cultural dishes.
2. CULTURE
- The way people speak is also
changing. For example
teenagers in the Middle East
are much influenced by the
way the black Americans
speak. They think its “cool”.
3. LEGISLATION
- There has been an increase in
the establishment of International
courts of justice where someone
accused could be dealt with in any
part of the world. Interpol is
another example of international
law enforcement agency.
4. LANGUAGE
- With increased globalization,
people tend to forget their
mother tongue and use English
instead as there is an idea that
it makes them superior in
some way. This might also help
them in job searches etc.
5. INFORMATION
- With the wide use of Internet and
other kinds of information
technology, it has become much
easier and faster to share
information worldwide. Live TV
channels are another good example
of quick information sharing.
6. FINANCE
- Globalization has made it easier
to raise finance through
individuals and firms outside the
country. The International
Monetary Fund is a good example
of an International Institute which
lends money to countries in need
for finance.
- Powerful
7. POLITICS
countries and individuals
nowadays have political control over the
whole world, not only their country.

- The United States is an example of a country

that influences whole of the world politics. It
is believed that globalization is a positive
development generating more trade and
hence the welfare of the whole world.
Nevertheless, it also has some significant
disadvantages which should not be forgotten.
Opponents of globalization point
out to its negative effects. Some of
them are listed below:
- Developed nations have outsourced manufacturing and
white-collar jobs. That means less-jobs for their people. This
has happened because manufacturing work is outsourced to
developing nations like China where the cost of
manufacturing goods and wages are lower. Programmers,
editors, scientists, and accountants have lost their jobs due
to outsourcing to cheaper locations like India.
- Globalization has led to the
exploitation of labor. Prisoners and
child workers are used to working
in inhumane conditions. Safety
standards are ignored to produce
cheap goods.
THE EFFECTS OF GLOBALIZATION TO LAW
ENFORCEMENT IN THE PHILIPPINES
1. The facilitation of transnational crimes and criminals
can be easily achieved.
2. There is a need for transnational policing. The
cooperation among police organization in the world is
vital.
3. Training instructional for incoming law enforcement
officers must include advance computer to prepare
them as cyber cops so they can be better prepared to
deal with cybercrimes.
THE EFFECTS OF GLOBALIZATION
TO LAW ENFORCEMENT IN THE
PHILIPPINES
4. Development of new strategies to deal
with international organized crimes is a
must.
5. Provisions of law enforcement with
updated legislations related to
modernization theory of crime.
Different Police Global
Organizations
1. ASEAN Chiefs of Police
2. EUROPOL
3. IACP
4. INTERPOL
5. UN Policing
Member of
Countries of
ASEAN CP
Objectives of ASEANAPOL
1. Enhancing police professionalism.
2. Forging stronger regional co-
operation in police work and
promoting lasting friendship among
the police officers of ASEAN
countries.
- It means European Police Office
- Europol is the European Union’s
criminal intelligence agency. It
became fully operational on 1 July
1999.
Aim of Europol
Europol’s aim to improve the effectiveness and
co-operation between the competent
authorities of the member states primarily by
sharing and pooling intelligence to prevent and
combat serious international organized crime.
Its mission is to make a significant contribution
to the European Union’s law enforcement
efforts targeting organized crime.
Mission of Europol
The mission of Europol is to make a
significant contribution to the European
Union’s law enforcement action against
organized crime and terrorism with an
emphasis on targeting criminal
organizations.
Europol supports the law
enforcement activities of the
member states by:
Facilitating the exchange of information between
Europol and Europol Liaison Officers (ELO’s) are
seconded the Europol by the Members States as
representatives of their national law
enforcement agencies, thus they are not under
the command of Europol and its Director as such.
Furthermore, they act in accordance with their
national law.
Providing operational analysis and support to
Member States operations;
Providing expertise and technical support for
investigations and operations carried out within
the EU, under the supervision and the legal
responsibility of the Member States;
Generating strategic reports (e.g. threat
assessment) and crime analysis on the basis of
information and intelligence supplied by Member
States or gathered from other sources.
Europol’s mandate
Europol’s supports the law enforcement activities of the
member states mainly against:
1. Illicit drug trafficking
2. Illicit immigration networks
3. Terrorism
4. Forgery of money (counterfeiting of the euro) and other
means of payment
5. Trafficking in human beings
6. Illicit vehicle trafficking
7. Money laundering
Europol only act on
request
Yes, Europol only acts on request at present. However, the
Protocol of the 28 November 2002 amending the Europol
convention, allows Europol to request the competent
authorities of the Member States to investigate. Article 3 b) of
the Protocol states that “Member States should be deal with
any request from Europol to initiate, conduct or co-ordinate
investigations in specific cases and should give such requests
due consideration. Europol should be informed whether the
requested investigation will be initiated”.
What is the added value of
having Europol as a European
law enforcement agency?
There are numerous advantages for the European law
enforcement community. Europol is unique in this
field as it is multi-disciplinary agency, comprising not
only regular price officers but staff members from the
various law enforcement agencies of the Member
States and covering specialized areas such as
customs, immigration services, intelligence services,
border and financial police.
- It stands for International Association of Chiefs of
Police.
- The International Association of Chiefs of Police is the
world’s oldest and largest nonprofit membership
organization of police executives, with over 20,000
members in over 80 different countries. IACP’s
leadership consists of the operating chief executes of
international, federal, state and local agencies of all sizes.
What are the Missions of
The IACP shall:
IACP?
1. Advance professional police services;
2. Promote enhanced administrative, technical,
and operational police practices, foster
cooperation and the exchange of information
and experience among police leaders and police
organizations of recognized professional and
technical standing throughout the world.
It is the short form of International Criminal Police
Organization. It began in 1923, and at the same time its
name was International Criminal Police Commission. In
1956, its name became International Criminal Police
Organization. The word Interpol was a short of
International Criminal Police Organization. This short form
served as the address to receive telegrams. Slowly, the
name of this international organization became famous as
Interpol. Now, Interpol is the second biggest international
organization; the United Nations is the first.
Some important information
about Interpol:
- Interpol is crime fighting organization, just
like your local police department. Instead,
they help other member countries that need
to co-operate by connecting all members of
Interpol by a network of files of criminals and
cases if any of Interpol’s 182 nations need
them.
What does
INTERPOL need?
Interpol records any information about
something that was in a criminal case, ex:
information on criminals, type of crime,
vehicles, anything to help any police
officer with information about a certain
crime.
Why was
Interpol created?
The countries in Europe needed a co-operation
between countries. This was needed because
criminals would commit crimes in one country
in Europe and then skip to another country to
avoid prosecution. Since Europe is a tightly
packed continent, police didn’t have enough time
to catch criminals, and the idea was created.
What UN Police Do?
One of the objectives of the Philippine National Police
Officers being deployed in the UN mission is for
mentoring other law enforcement of foreign countries
like East Timor and Kosovo. Assistance to host-state
police and other law enforcement agencies. United
Nations Police Officers support the reform,
restructuring and rebuilding of domestic police and
other law enforcement agencies through training and
advising.
What UN Police Do?
Direct assistance is also provided, often through
trust funds, for the refurbishment of facilities and
the procurement of vehicles, communication
equipment and other law enforcement material.
Such assistance has been provided in the past, for
example, by the police components of peace
operations in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Burundi, Cote
dlvoire, Democratic Republic of Congo, Haiti, Kosovo,
Liberia and Sierre Leone.
INTERPOL aims to facilitate international police
co-operation even where diplomatic relations do
not exist between particular countries. Action is
taken within the limits of existing laws in
different countries and in the spirit of the
Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Interpol’s
constitution prohibits ‘any intervention or
activities of a political, military, religious or racial
character.
MODULE 2
Basic Concepts and
Definition
Learning objectives:
At the end of this discussion, students should be
able to:
Define Comparative Police System
Explain the Theories of Comparative
Criminology
Differentiate the types of Court Systems of the
World
Comparative
Police System
It is the science and art of investigating
and comparing the police system of
nations. It covers the study of police
organizations, trainings and methods of
policing of various nations.
Comparative
Criminal Justice
It is subfield of the study of Criminal Justice that
compares justice systems worldwide. Such study
can take a descriptive, historical, or political
approach. It studies the similarities and
differences in structure, goals, punishment and
emphasis on rights as well as the history and
political stature of different systems.
BASIC FUNCTIONS OF
CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM
1.  policing
2.  adjudication
3.  corrections
International
Criminal Justice
It involves the study and description of
one country’s law, criminal procedure,
or justice (Erika Fairchild). Comparative
criminal justice system attempts to build
on the knowledge of criminal justice in
one country by investigating and
evaluating, in terms of another country,
culture, or institution.
Transnational
It is a
crime
term that has been used in
comparative and international criminal
justice study in recent years to reflect the
complexity and enormity of global crime
issues. It is defined by the United Nations
(UN) offences whose inception,
proportion and/or direct or indirect
effects involve in more than one country.
examples of
transnational crime
 Money laundering
 Drug trafficking
 Terrorism
 Human trafficking
 Cybercrimes
International
Crime
Defined as crimes against the peace and security of
mankind (Adler, Mueller, and Laufer, 1994). The UN
has identified the following as international crimes:
1. Aggression (by one state against another)
2. Genocide (destroying a national, ethnic, racial, or
religious group)
3. Terrorism
4. Drug trafficking
Model system
It is used to described the countries being
used as topics of discussion. These
countries are chosen not because they
are greater than others but because they
are the focus of comparison being
studied.
Why compare systems and
issues in criminal justice?
According to Harry Damner, there are many reasons

why we need to compare but the basic reasons are:

1. To benefit from the experience of others
2. To broaden our understanding of the different
cultures and approaches to problems
3. To help us deal with the many transnational
crime problems that plague our world today
Four types
of societies
The following are the
four types of societies in
the world that
comparativists study:
1. Folk-communal
societies or
primitive societies
A folk-communal society has little codification law, no
specification among police, and a system of punishment that
just lets things go for a while without attention until things
become too much, and then harsh, barbatic punishment is
resorted to.
Classic examples include the early Roman gentles, African
and Middle Eastern tribes, and Puritan settlements in North
America (with the Salem “with trials”).
2. Urban-commercial
societies, which rely on
trade as the essence of their
market system.
An urban-commercial society

has civil law (some
standards and customs are written down), specialized
police forces (some for religious offenses, others for
enforcing the King’s Law), and punishment is inconsistent,
sometimes harsh, sometimes lenient. Most of Continental
Europe developed along this path.
3. Urban-industrial
societies, which produce
most of the goods and
services
They need without government interference. An urban-
industrial society not only has codified laws (statutes that
prohibit) but laws that prescribes good behavior, police
become specialized in how to handle property crimes, and
the system of punishment is run on market principles of
creating incentives and disincentives. England and the U.S.
followed this positive legal path.
4. Bureaucratic
societies
are modern post-industrial societies where the emphasis is
upon technique or the “technologizing” of everything, with the
government.
A bureaucratic society has a system of laws (along with armies
of lawyers), police who tend to keep busy handling political
crime and terrorism, and a system of punishment characterized
by over criminalization and overcrowding. The U.S. and
perhaps only eight other nations fit the bureaucratic pattern.
Juvenile delinquency is a phenomenon that only occurs in a
bureaucratic society.
Comparative research is
usually carried out by the
following:
A. “Safari” method (a
researcher visits another
country) or “collaborative”
method (the researcher
communicates with a foreign
researcher).
B. Published works tend to
fall into three categories:
Single – culture studies (the crime
problem of a single foreign
country is discussed)
B. Published works tend to
fall into three categories:
 Two-culture studies (the most
common type)
B. Published works tend to fall
into three categories:
Comprehensive textbooks (it covers three or more
countries). The examination of crime and its control in
the comparative context often requires an historical
perspective since the phenomena under study are seen
as having developed under unique social, economic,
and political structures.
C. Historical-comprehensive
method
the most often employed by
researchers. It is basically an
alternative to both quantitative
and qualitative research
methods that is sometimes
called historiography or holism.
Theories of Comparative
Criminology
According to Scheider (2001),
the various theories that exist
with empirical support are
the following theories of
comparative Criminology:
1. Alertness to
crime theory
is that as a nation develops,
people’s alertness to crime is
heightened, so they report
more crime to police and also
demand the police become
more effective at solving crime
problems.
2. Economic or
migration theory
is that crime everywhere is
the result of unrestrained
migration and over
population in urban areas
such as ghettos and slums.
3. Opportunity
theory
is that along with higher
standards of living, victims
become more careless of
their belongings, and
opportunities for committing
crime multiply.
4. Demographic
theory
is based on the event of when a greater
number of children are being born,
because as these baby booms grow up,
delinquent subcultures develop out of the
adolescent identity crisis. Deprivation
theory holds that progress comes along
with rising expectations, and people at the
bottom develop unrealistic expectations
while people at the top don’t see
themselves rising fast enough.
5. Modernization
theory
sees the problem as
society becoming
too complex.
6. Theory of anomie and
synomie (the latter being a
term referring to social
cohesion on values)
suggests that progressive
lifestyle and norms result in
the disintegration of older
norms that once held people
together (anomie).
Types of police
in the world
1. Uniformed police
2. Detectives
3. Auxiliary
4. Special police
5. Military police
6. Religious police
7. Border police
8. Transport police
Decentralized
Law Enforcement
Decentralized police refers to a
system where police
administrations and operations are
independent from one state to
another. It is more applicable to
countries with federal government.
Decentralized
Law Enforcement
In many countries, particularly those with a
federal system of government, there may be
several police or police-like organizations, each
serving different levels of government and
enforcing different subsets of the applicable law.
The United States has a highly decentralized and
fragmented system of law enforcement, with
over 17,000 state and local law enforcement
agencies. Germany and UK have also
decentralized law enforcement agencies.
Centralized
law enforcement
Simply means on police force operating in a
country. Some countries, such as Chile, Israel,
Philippines, France, Austria, use a centralized
system of policing. A country with only one
recognized police force which operates entire
that country is called is called centralized police.
Thus, Philippines is an example of centralized
police because the Philippine National Police has
one central office with many regional, provincial
and local branches throughout the country.
What can the
Philippines National
Police Adopt?
As to organization, decentralization of regional

or city police office that can be financially support

its operation. This is to do away with the
scenario that the fault of Manila is the fault of the
entire officers of the PNP.

As the responsibilities, the specific functions of

officers assigned in the Koban and Chuzaizho
can be applied hence, the new PNP officers can
be assigned to:
A. Gather data related to his
jurisdiction (for city police
officer) like list of people who are:
1. working late at night who might be of help as
witnesses to crime
2. not engage in formal employment (stand by)
3. owns gun or swords
4. with mental illness
5. old living in the area alone who should be visited
periodically
6. leaders of legitimate organizations
7. leaders of illegitimate organization
8. total population
9. list of households, rented homes and apartments
B. Conduct the following
(for provincial or municipal
police officer) like:
1. Visit each house twice a year to be
acquainted and to determine their needs
related to law enforcement
2.  Seminars among barangay leaders related
to peace and order.

As to the general entry qualification, height must

not be a requirement (from UK Law Enforcement)
when the applicant has an above average
intelligent quotient.
As to participation of civilian, accreditation of individuals who
are not members of the PNP but with specialization in the fields
related to law enforcement is encourage. For example, priest,
pastors and ministries may be involved in values trainings of
the PNP. Biologist, Ballisticians and other related profession
may be accredited to help in law enforcement exercises.

Another on organization and supervision, the PNP may be

separated and be fully controlled and supervised by the
National Police Commission without interference of local
executives.
For example, a City Chief of Police could have same position
as a City Mayor. The former is in charge with peace and order
and law enforcement concerns while the latter is more an
administration of the city’s concern not covering the concern
of the chief of police. Coordination and cooperation are
imperative in this recommendation. This idea will empower
the PNP to initiate a more constructive and practical ways to
improve peace and order. This recommendation may also
reduce the incidence of taking orders from the whims and
caprices of corrupt politicians, examples is the Maguindanao
Massacre.
Types of Court
Systems of the World
1. Adversarial System

In adversarial, the accused is

innocent until proven guilty. The U.S.
adversarial system is unique in the
world. No other nation, not even the
U.K. places as much emphasis upon
determination of factual guilt in the
courtroom as the U.S. does.
Types of Court
Systems of the World
2. Inquisitorial Systems

In inquisitorial, the accused is

guilty until proven innocent or
mitigated. It is where lesser rights
are granted to the accused, and
the written law is taken as gospel
and subject to little interpretation.
Thank You
and
God bless! Do you have questions?
Email: [email protected]
LEARNING
OBJECTIVES:
At the end of this chapter, students should
be able to:
•Know the different types of Police
System.
•Distinguish the theories in Police Service.
•Familiar to the evolution of Policing
System.
INTRODUCTION
From the simplest social structure-the
family to the most complex-the
community of nations, it is essential
that certain norms and conduct be to be
established and observed in order to
ensure that the cordial and harmonious
relationship among its members are
preserved and maintained.
INTRODUCTION
It is in the field of law enforcement that
the police are most involved in the
complicated inter-relationship within a social
structure.  The effectiveness of a police
organization is essentially dependent on the
manner the same is managed, administered
and controlled and most especially on the
trust that the citizens-clientele of policing
business bestow upon it.
TYPES OF POLICE
SYSTEM
1. Common Law Systems
usually exists in English
speaking countries of the
world. There is strong
adversarial system and rely
upon oral system of evidence in
which the public trial is a main
focal point. It is also known as
“Anglo-American Justice”
TYPES OF POLICE
SYSTEM
2. Civil Law System
distinguished by strong
inquisitorial system where less
right is granted to the accused
and the written law is taken as
gospel and subject to little
interpretation. It is also known
as “Continental Justice or
Romano-Germanic Justice.”
TYPES OF POLICE
SYSTEM
3. Socialist System
distinguished by procedures
designed to rehabilitate the
offender. It is known as
Marxist-Leninist Justice and
exist in places such as Africa
and Asia.
TYPES OF POLICE
SYSTEM
4. Islamic System
based more on the
concept of natural
justice or customary law
or tribal traditions
THEORIES OF POLICE
SERVICE
•Continental Theory - is the theory of
police service which maintains that
police officers are servants of higher
authorities. This theory prevails in the
continental countries like France, Italy
and Spain.
THEORIES OF POLICE
SERVICE
•Home Rule Theory - the theory of police service
which states that police officers are servants
of the community or the people. This theory
prevails in England and United States. It is also
the police service which prevails in country
with decentralized form of government. This is
likewise the police service theory that should
prevail in the Philippines based on the existing
laws, concepts and principles.
CONCEPT OF POLICE
SERVICE
•Old police service = states that the
yardstick of police proficiency relies
on the number of arrests made.

•Modern police service = states that

the yardstick of police proficiency
relies on the absence of crime.
EVOLUTION OF POLICING
SYSTEM
•EGYPT (1500 B.C) - MEDJAYS are
civilian police under the
command of a military. Guarding
Tombs. The court system
presided by judges appointed by
the Pharoah (head of Egypt)
Marine patrol and custom house
officers protecting commerce
started; first used of dog patrol.
EVOLUTION OF POLICING
SYSTEM
•The term police came from the Greek
word POLITEIA (government of a city),
which was used to describe the group of
civil officers governing the city and not
necessarily the armed guarding or
policing the city when the Romans
conquered the Greeks, the changed the
word slightly to POLITIA. 
EVOLUTION OF POLICING
SYSTEM
• The French changed the word to POLICE
and used it to those authorized people
who actually enforce the law.  The
English and the Americans borrowed the
word from the French and used it to
describe a law enforcement officer. The
creation of police force as a protective
and law enforcement organization
developed from the use of military bodies
as guardians of the peace such as the
PRAETORIAN GUARD of ancient Rome.
EVOLUTION OF POLICING
SYSTEM
•The Romans achieved a high level of
law enforcement, which remained in
effect until the decline of the empire
and the onset of the Middle Ages.
Beginning in the 5th century, policing
became a function of the heads of
fiefdoms and principalities.
EVOLUTION OF POLICING
SYSTEM
•Officer de la Paix =
a French term
which claimed to
be the origin of the
term Police Officer
ANGLO-SAXON
PERIOD OF
POLICING SYSTEM
(ANCIENT
ENGLAND)
A. THANES POLICING
SYSTEM
•King Alfred the Great
introduced a type of internal
police force where landowners
(known Thanes) throughout his
kingdom were responsible to
police their own territory. As
such the landowners are
empowered to arrest offenders
and deliver them to the king.
They were also empowered to
settle civil litigations.
A. THANES POLICING
SYSTEM
•Note: The Thanes Policing
System is not being followed
at present in the Philippines
because landowners are not
empowered to settle civil
litigations. They are however
conduct arrest under any of
the circumstances of
warrantless arrest.
B. FRANKPLEDGE
POLICING SYSTEM
•Policing was carried out under a system called
frankpledge or mutual pledge, whereby every male
over 12 years old join nine (9) of his neighbors to
form a Tythingmen.
•TYTHINGMEN – a group of men whose duty was to
apprehend any person who offends another and
deliver that offender for trial.
•Anyone who failed to join and perform this
obligatory duty was severely fined.  Thus, policing
responsibility lies on the hands of the citizens.
B. FRANKPLEDGE
POLICING SYSTEM
•Note: Frankpledge Policing System is
not being followed at present in the
Philippines because a person may
become a policeman only if he
reaches the age required and not all
male residents are required to do
police works.
C. TUN POLICING
SYSTEM
•A system of policing emerged during the
Anglo-Saxon period whereby all male
residents were required to guard the town
(tun) to preserve peace and protect the
lives and properties of the people.
•Note: Tun Policing System is not being
followed at present because not all
residents are required to do police works.
D. HUE AND CRY
POLICING SYSTEM
•A village law started in Britain
which provided methods of
apprehending a criminal by an act
of the complainant to shout to call
all male residents to assemble
and arrest the suspect. The victim
reports his complaint to the
assembly. Consequently, all male
residents will go after the criminal
and apprehend him. 
D. HUE AND CRY
POLICING SYSTEM
•Note: The Hue and Cry
Policing System is not being
followed at present because
our sense of obligation to
assemble and arrest the
perpetrator, even if we are
capacitated to do so, already
deteriorated.
E. ROYAL JUDGE
POLICING SYSTEM
•The royal judge
conducted criminal
investigation and gave
punishment fitted to the
crime committed. This
practice started the
identification of
criminals.
F. TRIAL BY ORDEAL
•A judicial practice where in the
guilt or innocence of the accused
is determined by subjecting him to
an unpleasant, usually dangerous,
experience. (In present
terminologies, it would mean an
employment of a “3rd degree.”)
The word “ordeal” was derived
from the Medieval Latin word “Dei
Indicum” which means “a
miraculous decision.”
F. TRIAL BY ORDEAL
•Note: At present, The Trial
by Ordeal is not also being
followed because we all
know that anyone who
puts his hand in boiling
water will get hurt,
whether guilty or not of
the crime charged.
NORMAN PERIOD
OF POLICING
(1066-1285)
•This system of policing existed
during the time of William
Norman The Conqueror (King of
France). When he invaded and
conquered England, a military
regime of conquers and dictators
began and changed the concept of
crime being committed against
the state.
A. SHIRE-REEVE
POLICING SYSTEM
•Shire-Reeve was a policing system
during the Norman Period when England
was divided into fifty-five (55) military
areas, each headed by a ruler called the
Reeve (head-man or lieutenant of the
army). The fifty-five (55) military
divisions in England are called
shires. The shire-reeve had absolute
powers that no one could questions his
or her actions. Reeve means the ruler
who made laws, pass judgment.
A. SHIRE-REEVE
POLICING SYSTEM
•Two “Constabuli” or “The Keeper of
the Horse” were appointed to each
village to aid the Reeve in his
duties. It became the source of the
word Constable.
•The term “Shire-Reeve” is said to be
the origin of the word “Sheriff,” the
title of the chief of constable or
police officers in a certain town.
A. SHIRE-REEVE
POLICING SYSTEM
•Note: In the Philippines at present,
no single person is authorized to
make laws, render judgment and
impose penalties at the same time.
The act of making laws is within the
exclusive power of the legislative
branch of the government and the
act of rendering judgment and
imposing penalties is the power of
the judiciary.
B. TRAVELLING
JUDGE
or CIRCUIT JUDGE
•A judge selected to hear cases which
were formerly being judged by the
Shire-Reeve and tasked to travel
through and hear criminal
cases. This was the first instance of
the division of the police and judicial
powers.
C. KEEPERS OF
PEACE
•The keepers of peace was a
proclamation issued by King
Richard of England in 1195
requiring the appointment of
knights to maintain peace and
order at the place where the king
is residing. The knights were
posted on bridges and gates to
check the people entering and
leaving the town or cities.
C. KEEPERS OF
PEACE
•Note: At present in the
Philippine setting, the
President is guarded
by a special unit
called the Presidential
Security Group.
D. COURT LEET
•To handle local legal matters in
some, but not all communities, the
Normans Established the Court Leet,
which looked after matters of purely
local interest and petty village
nuisances. The head of the Court leet
was the Comes Stable, which was a
term that means " Master of the
House". Over a period of time, this
word became "Constable" which is
still used today by members of our
modern police forces.
E. LEGIS HENRIE
•An act that was enacted during
the time of King Henry I with the
following features:
1. Offenses were classified as
against the king and individual.
2. Policeman becomes public
servant.
3. The police and the citizens
have the broad power to arrest.
E. LEGIS HENRIE
4. It introduced the system
called “citizen’s arrest.”
5. Grand Jury was created to
inquire about the facts of the
law. A system that made
inquisition onto the facts of a
crime and eliminate the
“Anglo-Saxon Trial or “Trial by
Ordeal System.”
F. MAGNA CARTA or
"THE GREAT CHARTER"
•A law promulgated by King John of
England upon the demand of the
Knights of the Round Table forced the
King to sign the same with the
following features:
1. No freeman shall be taken,
imprisoned, banished or exiled except
by legal judgment of his peers.
F. MAGNA CARTA or
"THE GREAT CHARTER"
2. No person shall be tried for
murder unless there is proof of the
body of the victim.

3. There should be national and

local government as well as the
national and local legislation.
DURING THE
WESTMINSTER
PERIOD
•It is called by this name because the
laws governing police came out of
the capital of England, which at the
time was Westminster. This period
has the following features:
A. STATUTE OF
WINCHESTER (1285)
•It was enacted for law and order. It is
a collection of regulations aimed at
keeping the peace. This law
introduced the system of WATCH AND
WARD. Guards were appointed and the
duties of the constables at night
(watch) and in the daytime (ward).
B. STATUTE OF
1295
•The law marks the
beginning of the curfew
hours, which demanded
the closing of the gates of
London during sundown.
C. JUSTICE OF THE
PEACE
(About 1361)
•Three or four men who were
learned in the law of the land
were given authority to pursue,
arrest, chastise and imprison
violators of the law. They handled
felonies, misdemeanors, and
infractions of city or village
ordinances. This was later
abolished about 75 years after.
D. STAR CHAMBER
COURT (1487)
•A special court designed to try
offenders against the state. The
room set-up is formed in a shape
of a star and judges were given
great powers such as the power
to force testimony from a
defendant leading to a great
abuse of power or brutality on the
part of the judges.
LONDON POLICING
PRIOR TO 1829
•Henry Fielding =
appointed as
Magistrate in 1748,
introduced the first
detective force, known
as the Bow Street
Runners.
•Bowstreet Runners = a group of
men organized by Henry Fielding
and named by his brother John
Fielding task to catch thieves
and robbers identified by
carrying a Tipstaff with the Royal
Crown. It is made up of eight
constables who also
investigated crimes handed over
to them by the volunteer
constables and watchmen.
•1798 = Marine Police Force was
established, salaried constables were
being paid by local magistrates. It
initially made up of 220 Constables
assisted by 1,000 registered dock
workers, and was responsible for
preventing the theft of cargo. It is
widely regarded as being the first
modern police force in the world, in
the sense that they were not
government controlled and were
responsible for the prevention of
crime.
SCOTLAND YARD
•Sir Robert Peel -
appointed as Home
Secretary in 1822. The
British statesman who
passed the parliament the
Metropolitan Police Act on
September 29, 1829.
•METROPOLITAN POLICE ACT OF
1829 = established in 1829 by Sir
Robert Peel. It created the London
Metropolitan Police which became
the world's first modern organized
police force. It was later called
SCOTLAND YARD after the original
headquarters. It is the finest police
force around the world. It became
model of American police system
but also had great influence on the
style of policing in almost all
industrial societies.
MPORTANT DATES
•1833 = Coldbath Fields Riot (Grays Inn Road). A
major crowd disturbance dealt with by the
Metropolitan Police with controversial use of
force.
•1836 = The Metropolitan Police absorb the Bow
Street Horse Patrol into its control.
•1838 = incorporates Marine Police and Bow
Street Runners into the Metropolitan Police and
the disbandment of the Bow Street Office and
other Offices. These were all agreed and put
into effect.
Policing
Principles of
London
Metropolitan
Police
1. Stable and effective civil police
under government control
2.  Absence of crime is the best proof
of efficiency
3.  Fast distribution of crime news to
the police is essential.
THANK YOU
FOR
LISTENING AND
GOD BLESS!
Module 3
Globalization and INTERPOL
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
At the end of this module, students should be
able to:
Identify the INTERPOL's Four Core Functions.
Differentiate the Seven Types of Notices and
their objectives.
Enumerate the INTERPOL's member
countries.
INTERPOL'S
FOUR CORE FUNCTIONS
Secure global police
communication services
Interpol’s global police
communications system, known as I-
24/7, enables police in all member
countries to request, submit and access
vital data instantly in a secure
environment.
Operational
data services and
databases for police
Member countries have direct and immediate
access to a wide range of databases including
information on known criminals, fingerprints,
DNA profiles and stolen or lost travel documents.
INTERPOL also disseminates critical crime-related
data through a system of international notices.
Operational
police support services
INTERPOL provides law enforcement officials
in the field with emergency support and
operational activities, especially in its priority
crime areas. A Command and Co-ordination
Centre operates 24 hours a day, seven days a
week and can deploy an Incident Response
Team to the scene of a serious crime or disaster
Police training
and development
INTERPOL provides focused police training
initiatives with the aim of enhancing the
capacity of member countries to effectively
combat transnational crime and terrorism.
This includes sharing knowledge, skills and
best practices in policing and establishing
global standards.
The EIGHT
types of
notices and
their
objectives
To seek the arrest
or provisional arrest
of wanted persons
with a view to
extradition.
To help locate
missing
persons, often
minors
To collect additional
information about a
person’s identity or
activities in relation
to a crime.
To seek
information on
unidentified
bodies
To provide warnings and
intelligence about persons
who have committed
criminal offences and are
likely to repeat these
crimes in other countries.
To warn of an event, a
person, an object or a
process representing
a serious and
imminent threat to
public safety.
To provide
information on modus
operandi, procedures,
and hiding places
used by criminals.
contain information that
identifies the individual
or entity, and explains
the relevant sanctions;
this assists law
enforcement officers to
take appropriate action
in accordance with their
national laws.
Interpol’s
Leadership and
Governance
The President of INTERPOL and the
Secretary General work closely
together in providing strong
leadership and direction to the
Organization.
Interpol’s
Structure
As defined in Article 5 of its
Constitution, INTERPOL (whose
correct full name is 'The International
Criminal Police Organization –
INTERPOL’) comprises the following:
General
Assembly
Compose of delegates appointed by the governments of
Member Countries. As Interpol’s supreme governing body,
it meets once a year and takes all the major decisions
affecting general policy, the resources needed for
international co-operation, working methods, finances and
program of activities. It also elects the Organization's
Executive Committee. Generally speaking, the Assembly
takes decisions by a simple majority in the form of
resolutions. Each Member State represented has one vote.
Executive
Committee
The Executive Committee is Interpol’s
select deliberative organ which meets
three times a year, usually in March,
July and immediately before the
General Assembly.
Its role, in accordance with Article 22 of the
Constitution, is to:
supervise the execution of the decisions of the
General Assembly
prepare the agenda for sessions of the General
Assembly
submit to the General Assembly any program of
work or project which it considers useful
Supervise the administration and work of the
Secretary General.
In accordance with Article 15 of the
Constitution, the Executive Committee has 13
members comprising the president of the
organization, 3 vice-presidents and 9 delegates.
These members are elected by the General
Assembly and should belong to different
countries; in addition, the president and the 3
vice-presidents must come from different
regions.
The president is elected for 4
years, and vice-presidents for 3.
They are not immediately eligible
for re-election either to the same
posts, or as delegates to the
Executive Committee.
Voting is by secret ballot. A two-thirds majority is
required for the election of the president. If this
majority is not obtained after the second ballot, a
simple majority is then sufficient. Vice-Presidents and
delegates are elected on a simple majority. Each
member state has one vote; those member states
attending the General Assembly are eligible to take
part in the election, providing they are not prevented
from doing so under Article 52 of the General
Regulations.
Composition of the
Executive Committee
President
Vice Presidents
Delegates

The former Filipino President of

INTERPOL in 1980 – 1984 - Jolly R.
Bugarin (Philippines)
Secretary
General
Located in Lyon, France, the General Secretariat operates 24
hours a day, 365 days a year and is run by the Secretary
General. Officials from more than 80 countries work side-by-
side in any of the Organization’s four official languages:
Arabic, English, French and Spanish. The Secretariat has
seven regional offices across the world; in Argentina,
Cameroon, Côte d’Ivoire, El Salvador, Kenya, Thailand and
Zimbabwe, along with Special Representatives at the United
Nations in New York and at the European Union in Brussels.
Secretary General
The Secretary General of the Organization is appointed
by the General Assembly for a period of 5 years. He
may be re-elected.

The Secretary General is effectively the Organization’s

chief full-time official. He is responsible for seeing that
the day-to-day work of international police co-
operation is carried out, and the implementation of the
decisions of the General Assembly and Executive
Committee.
National Central
Bureaus (NCB)
Each INTERPOL member country maintains a
National Central Bureau staffed by national law
enforcement officers. The NCB is the designated
contact point for the General Secretariat,
regional offices and other member countries
requiring assistance with overseas investigations
and the location and apprehension of fugitives.
Advisers
These are experts in a purely
advisory capacity, who may be
appointed by the Executive
Committee and confirmed by the
General Assembly.
Commission for the Control
of Interpol’s Files (CCF)
This is an independent body whose
mandate is threefold:
to ensure that the processing of
personal information by
INTERPOL complies with the
Organization's regulations,
Commission for the Control
of Interpol’s Files (CCF)
to advise INTERPOL on any project,
operation, set of rules or other matter
involving the processing of personal
information and
To process requests concerning the
information contained in Interpol’s
files.
INTERPOL
Member Countries
Afghanistan Armenia
Albania Aruba
Algeria Australia
Andorra Austria
Angola Azerbaijan
Antigua & Barbuda Bahamas
Argentina Bahrain
INTERPOL
Member Countries
Bangladesh Bolivia
Barbados Bosnia and
Herzegovina
Belarus
Botswana
Belgium Brazil
Belize Brunei
Benin Bulgaria
Bhutan Burkina - Faso
INTERPOL
Member Countries
Burundi Chad
Cabo Verde Chile
Cambodia China
Cameroon Colombia
Canada Comoros
Cape Verde Congo
Central African Congo (Democratic
Republic Rep.)
INTERPOL
Member Countries
Costa Rica Denmark
Côte d'Ivoire Djibouti
Croatia Dominica
Cuba Dominican
Curacao Republic
Cyprus Ecuador
Czech Republic Egypt
INTERPOL
Member Countries
El Salvador Finland
Equatorial Guinea France
Eritrea Gabon
Estonia Gambia
Eswatini Georgia
Ethiopia Germany
Fiji Ghana
INTERPOL
Member Countries
Greece Honduras
Grenada Hungary
Guatemala Iceland
Guinea India
Guinea Bissau Indonesia
Guyana Iran
Haiti Iraq
INTERPOL
Member Countries
Ireland Kenya
Israel Kiribati
Italy Korea (Rep. of)
Jamaica Kuwait
Japan Kyrgyzstan
Jordan Laos
Kazakhstan Latvia
INTERPOL
Member Countries
Lebanon Madagascar
Lesotho Malawi
Liberia Malaysia
Libya Maldives
Liechtenstein Mali
Malta
Lithuania
Marshall Islands
Luxembourg
INTERPOL
Member Countries
Mauritania Mongolia
Mauritius Montenegro
Mexico Morocco
Micronesia Mozambique
(Federated States of) Myanmar
Moldova Namibia
Monaco Nauru
INTERPOL
Member Countries
Nepal Norway
Netherlands Oman
New Zealand Pakistan
Nicaragua Palestine
Niger Panama
Nigeria Papua New
North Macedonia Guinea
INTERPOL
Member Countries
Paraguay Russia
Peru Rwanda
Philippines Samoa
Poland San Marino
Portugal Sao Tome &
Qatar Principe
Romania Saudi Arabia
INTERPOL
Member Countries
Serbia Solomon
Seychelles Islands
Sierra Leone Somalia
Singapore South Africa
Sint Maarten Spain
Slovakia Sri Lanka
Slovenia St Kitts & Nevis
INTERPOL
Member Countries
St Lucia Syria
St Vincent & the Tajikistan
Grenadines Tanzania
Sudan Thailand
Suriname Timor - Leste
Sweden Togo
Switzerland Tonga
INTERPOL
Member Countries
Trinidad & Tobago United Kingdom
Tunisia United States
Turkey Uruguay
Turkmenistan Uzbekistan
Uganda Vanuatu
Ukraine Vatican City
United Arab Emirates State
INTERPOL
Member Countries
Venezuela
Vietnam
Yemen
Zambia
Zimbabwe
Sub-Bureaus:
United Kingdom:
Bermuda | Gibraltar | Cayman Islands | Anguilla |
Montserrat | British Virgin Islands | Turks and Caicos

United States:
Puerto Rico | American Samoa

China:
Hong Kong, Macao
module 3
Globalization and INTERPOL
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
At the end of this module, students should be
able to:
Understand the INTERPOL's logo.
Distinguish the Interpol National Central
Bureau – Manila.
Know the authorization to use Interpol’s
distinctive signs.
The official
abbreviations
O.I.P.C - Stands for Organization
Internationale de Police
Criminelle'
ICPO - Stands for International
Criminal Police Organization'.
The official name is
ICPO-INTERPOL
The word 'INTERPOL' is a contraction of
'international police', and was chosen in 1946
as the telegraphic address. In 1956, the
International Criminal Police Commission
changed its name to become the International
Criminal Police Organization - INTERPOL.
The Emblem
The GLOBE
represents the
worldwide
activities of the
INTERPOL
The Emblem
The olive
branches in
either side of the
globe symbolize
PEACE
The Emblem
The name
'INTERPOL' below
the globe in the
center of the olive
branches
The Emblem
The Vertical
Sword behind
the globe,
representing
police action
The Emblem
The Scales
below the olive
branches
symbolize
JUSTICE
The flag
The FLAG
The flag has been in use since 1950, it
has a light-blue background the
emblem is in the center the four
lightning flashes arranged
symmetrically around the emblem
represent telecommunications and
speed in police action.
Protection of
the distinctive signs
As an international organization, Interpol’s distinctive signs are
protected by the 1883 Paris Convention.
Under the terms of Article 6 of this Convention, which has been
ratified by the majority of Interpol’s member states, the signatory
countries have agreed to refuse to register as trademarks and ban
the use of coats of arms, flags, emblems, initials and names of states
and intergovernmental organizations.
The organization's emblem and the name 'INTERPOL' have, in
addition, been registered as European Community and US
trademarks.
Authorization to use
Interpol’s distinctive signs
In exceptional cases, the organization
may authorize a third party to use its
distinctive signs. Authorization can only
be given by Interpol’s Secretary General.
In any event, authorization to use the organization's
distinctive signs is limited:
authorization is given for a specific, identified
project
the duration of the authorization is specified
authorization does not confer any exclusive rights
The authorization specifies that the
organization's signs may not be modified or
adapted.
Where appropriate, the media (documents,
films, etc.) must be submitted to the organization
for approval before publication.

The organization may automatically revoke the

entitlement to use its distinctive signs if it
transpires that the project for which the
organization has given its agreement is likely to
prejudice its reputation or image.
National Central Bureau-
Interpol Manila
The NCB-INTERPOL Manila traces its beginnings
in 1961 when the Philippines became a member of
the ICPO – INTERPOL, with the National Bureau of
Investigation (NBI) as its focal point. Since then,
the NCB-INTERPOL Manila has undergone
changes, which enable it to confront the challenges
of the times.
National Central Bureau-
Interpol Manila
In one of the General Assembly meetings of the ICPO-
INTERPOL, its has been decided and adopted that the National
Central Bureau shall be handled by the controlling body or
Headquarters of the Criminal Police Organization of a member
State to be able to do its undertakings with authority. In
compliance thereto the President of the Philippines issued
Memorandum Order Nr. 92 on February 15, 1993 designating
the Philippine National Police as the INTERPOL National
Central Bureau for the Philippines, with the Chief, Philippine
National Police (PNP) as its concurrent Chairman.
The Interpol National
Central Bureau – Manila
Director General Philippine National Police ---------Chairman
Director, National Bureau of Investigation -----------Member
Commissioner, Bureau of Customs ------------------- --Member
Commissioner, Bureau of Internal Revenue ---------Member
Commissioner, Bureau of Immigration -----------------Member
Governor, Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas -----------------Member
Executive Director, Dangerous Drug Board ----------Member
Commissioner, EIIB ------------------------------------------Member
A significant change in its membership however
was noted following the dissolution of EIIB in 1999.
The Execitive Director of PCTC was chosen to replace
the Commissioner, EIIB pursuant to NALECC
Resolution No. 02-2000 dated 26 March 2002 and
was subsequently designated as Head, NCB
Secretariat. The NCB Secretariat was transferred to
PCTC pursuant to Executive Order No. 100 dated 7
May 1999. Subsequently, the Central Management
Office of the Department of Finance (DOF).
Benefits that the
Philippines Derive as Member
of the INTERPOL
1. As member of the ICPO-INTERPOL we can have access
to police information on international Criminal Cases.
2. Access to International Summaries of Criminal Cases.
3. Attend meetings and symposiums on case of special
topics.
4. Request information about criminal intelligence in an
international perspective through the criminal
intelligence subdivision.
5. Access to information dealing with economic
and financial crime in an international level.
6. Access to information dealing with illicit drug
trafficking in an international level.
7. Recipient of reference materials on criminology,
crime prevention, criminal law and procedures,
techniques used by the police etc.
8. Participate in I.C.P.O – Interpol organized
trainings.
9. Receives technical assistance and support on telecommunication
and computerization.
10. Use of the IPSG to circulate information intended for International
Circulation: a. Individual notices b. Stolen property notices c. Modus
operandi sheets d. Facilitating identification e. Criminal information
on intelligence
11. Receives cooperation from other NCB’s in Combating International
Crimes.
12. Receives cooperation on matters involving extradition from other
NCB’s.
13. Receives technical assistance granted by the more advanced
countries to less advanced countries especially in connection with
training and specialization of police personnel.
MODULE 4
Transnational Organized Crime
learning objectives:
At the end of this module, students
should be able to:
Define the Transnational Organized
Crime.
Differentiate Human Trafficking and
Human Smuggling.
Explain the stages of money
laundering.
Transnational
organized crime
It involves the planning and execution of
illicit business ventures by groups or networks
of individuals working in more than one
country. These criminal groups use systematic
violence and corruption to achieve their goal.
Crimes commonly include money laundering;
human smuggling; cybercrime; and trafficking
of humans, drugs, weapons, endangered
species, body parts, or nuclear material.
Transnational
organized crime
Transnational crime ring activities weaken
economies and financial systems and undermine
democracy. These networks often prey on
governments that are not powerful enough to
oppose them, prospering on illegal activities,
such as drug trafficking that bring them
immense profits. In carrying out illegal
activities, they upset the peace and stability of
nations worldwide, often using bribery, violence,
or terror to achieve their goals.
Major Transnational
Organized Crime Groups
Transnational crime often operates in well-
organized groups, intentionally united to carry
out illegal actions. Groups typically involve
certain hierarchies and are headed by a powerful
leader. These transnational organized crime
groups work to make a profit through illegal
activities. Because groups operate internationally,
their activity is a threat to global security, often
weakening governmental institutions or
destroying legitimate business endeavors.
WELL-KNOWN ORGANIZED
CRIME GROUPS INCLUDE:
1. Russian Mafia
Around 200 Russian
groups that operate in
nearly 60 countries
worldwide. They have been
involved in racketeering,
fraud, tax evasion,
gambling, drug trafficking,
ransom, robbery and
murder.
2. La Cosa Nostra
- Known as the Italian or Italian-American
mafia. It is one of the biggest threats to
American society from organized crime.
The US government calls it "La Cosa
Nostra." Its members call it "Cosa Nostra,"
which means "this thing of ours" or "our
thing" in English. The most prominent
organized crime group in the world from
the 1920’s to the 1990’s. They have been
involved in violence, arson, bombings,
torture, sharking, gambling, drug
trafficking, health insurance fraud, and
political and judicial corruption.
ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE
3. Yakuza
- Japanese term which
means "good for nothing."
Japanese criminal group
often involved in
multinational criminals’
activities, including human
trafficking, gambling,
prostitution, and
undermining licit
businesses.
4. FukChing
- Chinese organized
group in the United
States. They have been
involved in smuggling,
street violence, and
human trafficking.
5. Heijin
- Taiwanese gangsters who are
often executives in large
corporations. They are often
involved in white collar crimes,
such as illegal stock trading and
bribery, and sometimes run for
public office.
6. Jao Pho
- Organized crime group in
Thailand. They are often
involved in illegal political
and business activity.
7. Red Wa
- Gangsters from Thailand.
They are involved in
manufacturing and trafficking
methamphetamine.
Human Trafficking
- is the illegal in human beings for
the purposes of commercial sexual
exploitation or forced labor: a
modern-day form of slavery. It is
the fastest growing criminal
industry in the world, and tied with
the illegal arms industry as the
second largest, after the drug, trade.
Human Trafficking
- Human Trafficking is a crime
against humanity. It further
defined as an act of recruiting,
transporting, transferring,
harboring or receiving a person
through a use of force, coercion or
other means, for the purpose of
exploiting them.
Human Trafficking
- Every year, thousands of men, women and
children fall into the hands of traffickers, in their
own countries and abroad. Every country in the
world is affected by trafficking, whether as a
country of origin, tansit or destination for victims.
UNODC, as guardian of the United Nations
Convention against Transnational Organized
Crime (UNTOC) and the Protocols thereto, assists
States in their efforts to implement the Protocol
to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in
Person (Trafficking in Persons Protocol).
Elements of Human Trafficking
Drug Trafficking
- Drug trafficking involves selling drugs and
drug paraphernalia, whether is it local
exchange between a user and a dealer or a
major international operation. Drug
trafficking A problem that affects every
nation in the world and exists in many
levels. Drug trafficking is the commercial
exchange of drugs and drug paraphernalia.
This includes any equipment used to
manufacture illegal drugs or use them.
Cybercrimes
- Cybercrimes are generally defined as any type
of illegal activity that makes use of the Internet,
a private or public network, or an in-house
computer system. While many forms of
cybercrime revolve around the appropriation of
proprietary information for unauthorized use,
other examples are focused more on an invasion
of privacy. As a growing problem around the
world, many countries are beginning to
implement laws and other regulatory
mechanisms in an attempt to minimize the
incidence of cybercrime.
Cyberstalking - a
technologically based attack
on person because of anger,
revenge, or control.
Computer Fraud - altering
data or gaining unlawful use
of computer or services.
Identity Theft - using
another's personal
information to commit fraud
or other crimes.
Computer Viruses - a program
that copies itself and infects a
computer.
Terrorism
- It is the systematic use of terror
especially as a means of coercion.
At present, the international
community has been unable to
formulate a university agreed,
legally binding, criminal law
definition of terrorism.
Terrorism
- Common definitions of terrorism refer
only to those violent acts which are
intended to create fear (terror), are
perpetrated for a religious, political, or
ideological goal, and deliberately target
or disregard the safety of non-
combatants (civilians). Some definitions
also include acts of unlawful violence
and war.
Terrorism vs.
Organized Crime
Terrorism is another form of
"organized" criminal behavior, but it is
distinct from organized crime. An act of
terrorism has a political objective.
Organized crime, on the other hand,
always seeks to obtain a financial or
other material benefit, whereas power
and control can be secondary motives.
Money
Laundering
- Money Laundering is the process of
creating the appearance that large
amounts of money obtained from
serious crimes, such as drug trafficking,
originated from a legitimate source. It
is a crime in many jurisdictions with
varying definitions. It is a key operation
of the underground economy.
STAGE OF MONEY LAUNDERING
module 5
Philippine Police System
learning objectives:
At the end of this module, students
should be able to:
Explain the Spanish Regime.
Summarize the Police Job Description.
Compare and contrast the procedures
on selection and recruitment on PNP.
During the
Spanish Regime
Maintenance of law and order is a part of
the military system for the defense of the
colony;
Locally organized police forces although
performing civil duties is a direct adjunct of
the colonial military establishments;
(policemen in appearance yet colonial
soldiers in the ultimate sense.
During the
Spanish Regime
— Police functions consisted mainly of:
(1) suppression of brigandage by patrolling
unsettled areas;
(2) detection of local or petty uprising by
spying upon the work and movements of the
people; and
(3) the enforcement of tax collection including
church revenues.
Guardrilleros
a body of rural police organized in each town
established by Royal decree of Jan. 8, 1836. It
mandates that 5% of the able-bodied male
inhabitants of each province where to be enlisted in
this police organization for 3 years. There services
are originally not paid or gratuitous subject to some
privileges although in some province they received
a proportionate pay ranging from 4.00 to 8.00
depending on the revenue collection.
Carabineros De
Seguridad Publica
Organized in 1712 for the purpose of carrying the
regulations of the Department of State. This was
armed and considered as the mounted police who
later discharged the duties of a port, harbor and
river police. It was later given special commission
by Royal Decree of December 20, 1842 and it was
called – Cuerco De Seguridad Publica (Corps of
Crabbiness for Public Security).
Carabineros
De Seguridad
Publica
(mounted
police)
Guardia Civil
Created by Royal decree on February 12,
1852, to partially relieve the Spanish
peninsula troops of their works in policing
towns. It is consisted of a body of Filipino
policemen organized originally in each of
the provincial capital of the province of
Luzon under the Alcalde Mayor.)
guardia
civil
Philippine Commission
Act No. of 175
created on the Insular
Constabulary on July
18, 1901; "An Act
Providing for the
Organization and
Government of an
Insular Constabulary."
Act 255 (October 3, 1901)
renamed the Insular
Constabulary to
Philippine Constabulary
(a national police
institution for preserving
peace, keeping order and
enforcing the law.
Act 255 (October 3, 1901)
renamed the Insular
Constabulary to
Philippine Constabulary
(a national police
institution for preserving
peace, keeping order and
enforcing the law.
Henry t. allen
the first Chief of
the Philippine
Constabulary.
Rafael Crame
the first Filipino
Chief of the
Philippine
Constabulary.
Act No. 70
(On January 9, 1901)
The Metropolitan Police
Force of Manila was
organized.
E.O. 389
Ordered that the PC be
one of the four services
of the AFP, dated
December 23, 1940.
P.D. 765
Integration Act of 1975, dated August
8, 1975, established the Integrated
National Police (INP) composed of the
PC as the nucleus and the Integrated
local police forces as components,
under the Ministry of National
Defense.
E.O. 1012
transferred to the city and
municipal government the
operational supervision and
direction over the INP units
assigned within their locality.
E.O. 1040
Transferred the Admin.
Control and Supervision of
the INP from the ministry of
National Defense to the
National Police Commission.
R.A. 6975
It is otherwise known as the
Department of Interior and Local
Government Act of 1990, enacted
on December 13, 1990.
Established the PNP, BFP, BJMP
and the PPSC.
R.A. 8551
Philippine National
Police Reform and
Reorganization Act of
1998, enacted 1998,
amending the
provision of R.A. 6975
Act No. 181
created the Division of
Investigation (DI) of the
Department of Justice
dated November 1938.
R.A. 157
created the National
Bureau of Investigation,
enacted June 19, 1947 and
later reorganized by R,A.
2678.
Line and Staff
the organizational
structure of the P.N.P.
which is also adopted by
many police organization
in the world.
P.N.P.
headed by Chief with a rank of
Director General with two (2)
Deputy Director General (1) for
Administration and (2) for
Operation. Although there are
three (3) Deputy Director General
ranks.
POLICE JOB
DESCRIPTION
After a job is analyzed, the facts about it are gathered,
summed up, and recorded in the job description and job
specifications.
Job description may be defined as an abstract of
information derived from the job analysis report,
describing the duties performed, the skills, the training,
and experience required the responsibilities involved,
the condition under which the job is done, and relation
of the job to the other job in the organization.
POLICE RECRUITMENT,
SELECTION, AND PLACEMENT
On Police Recruitment
The first step in the recruiting procedure, and the one
that should receive greatest emphasis, is that of attracting
well-qualified applicants. The best selection devices
available are of little value if the recruiting effort has failed
to attract candidates of high caliber. Widespread publicity
directed at the particular element of the population which
it is hoped will be attracted to the examination is the best
method of seeking outstanding applicants.
POLICE RECRUITMENT,
SELECTION, AND PLACEMENT
Recruitment in the police service
is dependent on the availability of
national or regional quota of the
PNP, which is determined by the
NAPOLCOM.
Standard Policy on
Selection and Appointment
There shall be a standard policy
for the selection of policy personnel
throughout the Philippines in order
to strengthen the police service and
lay the groundwork for police
professionalization.
Standard Policy on
Selection and Appointment
The general qualification for initial appointment
to the police service shall be based on the
provisions of Republic Act No. 8551, which states:
No person shall be appointed as uniformed
member of the PNP unless he or she possesses
the following minimum qualifications:
1. A citizen of the Philippines;
2. A person of good moral conduct;
3. Must have passed the psychiatric or
psychological, drug and physical tests to be
administered by the PNP or by any government
hospital accredited by the Commission for the
purpose of determining physical and mental health;
4. Must possess a formal baccalaureate degree from
a recognized institution of learning;
5. Must be eligible in accordance with the
standards set by the Commission;
6. Must not have been dishonorably
discharged from military employment
or dismissed for cause from any
civilian position in the Government;
7. Must not have been convicted by
final judgment of an offense or crime
involving moral turpitude;
8. Must be at least one meter and sixty-
two centimeters (1.62m) in height for male
and one meter and fifty-seven centimeters
(1.57m) for female;
9. Must weigh not more or less than five
kilograms (5kgs) from the standard weight
corresponding to his or her height, age, and
sex; and
For the purpose of determining compliance
with the requirements on physical and
mental health, as well as the non-use of
prohibited or regulated drugs, the PNP by
itself or through a government hospital
accredited by the Commission shall conduct
regular psychiatric, psychological, drug and
physical tests randomly and without notice.
After the lapse of the reglementary period for the
satisfaction of a specific requirement, current members of
the PNP who shall fail to satisfy any of the requirements
enumerated under this Section shall be separated from the
service if they are below fifty (50) years of age and have
served in Government for less than twenty (20) years or
retired if they are from the age of fifty (50) and above and
have served the Government for at least twenty (20) years
without prejudice in either case to the payment of benefits
they may be entitled to under existing laws. (Section 14, RA
8551 – IRR)
PNP
TYPE OF
UNIFORM
PNP TYPE
OF
UNIFORM
PNP
TYPE OF
UNIFORM
OTHER
UNIFORM
OTHER
UNIFORM
OTHER
UNIFORM
On Selection
Procedures
The purpose of the selection process is to secure these
candidates who have the highest potential for
developing into good policemen. The process involves
two basic functions. The first function is to measure
each candidate’s qualifications against whose ideal
qualification that are established chiefly through job
analysis. The second function, because of the
comparative nature of the merit system, is to rank the
candidates relatively on the basis of their qualifications.
The Screening
Procedures
Preliminary Interview - the applicant shall be
interviewed personally by the personnel officer. If
the applicant qualifies with respect to the
requirements of citizenship, education and age, he
shall be required to present the following:
1. Letter of application if none has been submitted
2. An information sheet
3. A copy of his/her picture (passport size)
4. Birth Certificate
The Screening
Procedures
5. Transcript of scholastic records and/ or diploma
6. Fingerprint card, properly accomplished.
7. Clearance papers from the local police
department PNP provincial headquarters, city or
municipal court and city or provincial prosecutor’s
office and his hometown police department, NBI,
and others that may be required.
Physical and Medical
Examination
In order to determine whether or not the
applicant is in good health, free from any
contagious diseases and physically fit for
police service, he shall undergo a thorough
physical and medical examination to be
conducted by the police health officer after he
qualifies in the preliminary interview.
Physical Agility Test
The Screening Committee shall require the
applicant to undergo a physical agility test
designed to determine whether or not he
possess the required coordination strength,
and speed of movement necessary for police
service. The applicant shall pass the tests like
Pull-ups-6 Push-ups-27, Two minutes sit-ups-
45, Squat jumps-32, and Squat thrusts-20
Medical Standards for
Police Candidates
1. General Appearance – the applicant must be free from
any marked deformity, from all parasite or systematic skin
disease, and from evidence of intemperance in the use of
stimulants or drugs. The body must be well proportioned,
of good muscular development, and show careful attention
to personal cleanliness: Obesity, muscular weakness or
poor physique must be rejected. Girth of abdomen should
not be more than the measurement of chest at rest.
2. Nose, Mouth and Teeth – Obstruction to free breathing,
chronic cataract, or very offensive breath must be rejected.
The mouth must be free from deformities in conditions that
interfere with distinct speech or that pre-dispose to disease
of the car, nose or throat. There shall be no disease or
hypertrophy of tonsil or thyroid enlargement. Teeth must be
clean, well-cared for and free from multiple cavities. Missing
teeth may be supplied by crown or bridge work, where site
of teeth makes this impossible, rubber denture will be
accepted. At least twenty natural teeth must be present.
3. Genitals – must be free from deformities
and from varicose, hydrocele, and
enlargement of the testicles, stricture of
urine, and retained testicles. Any acute and
all venereal diseases of these organs must be
rejected.
4. Varicose Veins - a marked tendency to
their formation must be rejected.
6. Eyes – the applicant must be free from
color blindness, and be able to read with
each eye separately from standard test type
at a distance of twenty feet. Loss of either
eye, chronic inflammation of the lids or
permanent abnormalities of either eye must
be rejected, 20/20 or 20/30 in one eye, with
binocular vision of 20/30.
7. Respiration – must be full,
easy, and regular, the
respiratory murmur must be
clear and distinct over the lungs
and no disease of the
respiratory organ is present.
8. Circulation – The action of the heart must be
uniform, free and steady, its rhythm and the
heart from organ changes. Blood Pressure –
systolic maximum 135; diastolic 90; pulse
pressure 15 to 50. Brain and nervous system
must be free from defects.

9. Kidneys – must be healthy and urine normal.

MODULE 5
Philippine Police System
learning objectives:
At the end of this discussion, students should
be able to:
Understand the Character and Background
Investigation.
Memorize the PNP Organizational Structure.
Identify and explain the Police Appointment,
Training, Appraisal and Promotion.
Character and
Background Investigation
the Screening
Committee shall cause
a confidential
investigation of the
character and from
among various sources.
Psychological and/or
Neuro-Psychiatric Test
in order to exclude applicants who are
emotionally or temperamentally unstable,
psychotic, or suffering from any mental
disorder, the applicant shall take a
psychological and/or neuro-psychiatric test
to be administered by the NBI, the PNP, or
other duly recognized institution offering
such test after he has qualified and met all
the requirements above.
The Oral
Interview
the Screening Committee shall
interview the qualified applicants for
suitability for police work. The
interview shall aid in determining
appearance, likeableness, and affability,
attitude toward work, outside interest,
forcefulness, conversational ability,
and disagreeable mannerism.
POLICE
APPOINTMENT
Any applicant who meets the general
qualifications for appointment to police service
and who passes the tests required in the screening
procedures shall be recommended for initial
appointment and shall be classified as follows:

1. Temporary – if the applicant passes through

the waiver program as provided in under R.A 8551.
POLICE
APPOINTMENT
2. Probationary – if the applicant passes
through the regular screening procedures.

3. Permanent – if the applicant able to

finish the required field training program
for permanency.
Appointment in the PNP
shall be affected in the
following manner:
A. PO1 to SPO4 (Patrolman/woman - Police
Executive Master Sergeant) – appointed by the
PNP Regional Director for regional personnel or
by the Chief of the PNP for National Head
Quarter’s personnel and attested by the Civil
Service Commission (CSC).
Appointment in the PNP
shall be affected in the
following manner:
B. Inspector to Superintendent (Police
Lieutenant - Police Lieutenant Colonel) –
appointed by the Chief PNP as
recommended by their immediate superiors
and attested by the Civil Service
Commission (CSC).
Appointment in the PNP
shall be affected in the
following manner:
C. Sr. Supt to Dep. Dir. Gen. (Police Colonel -
Police Lieutenant General) – Appointed by the
President upon the recommendation of the Chief
PNP with the endorsement of the Civil Service
Commission (CSC) and with confirmation by the
Commission on Appointment (CA).
Appointment in the PNP shall be
affected in the following
manner:
D. Director General (Police General) – appointed by the
President from among the most senior officers down to
the rank of Chief Superintendent in the service subject to
the confirmation of the Commission on Appointment
(CA). Provided, that the C/PNP shall serve a tour of duty
not exceeding four (4) years. Provided further, that in
times of war or other national emergency declared by
congress, the President may extend such tour of duty.
Waiver for
Appointment
Waivers for initial
appointment to the police
service shall be governed by
Section 15 of Republic Act
8551, IRR.
Appointment
by Lateral Entry
In general, all original appointments of Commissioned Officers
(CO) in the PNP shall commenced with the rank of inspector to
include those with highly technical qualifications applying for the
PNP technical services, such as dentist, optometrist, nurses,
engineers, and graduates of forensic sciences. Doctors of Medicine,
members of the Bar and Chaplains shall be appointed to the rank of
Senior Inspector in their particular technical service.

Graduates of the PNPA shall be automatically appointed to the

initial rank of Inspector. Licensed Criminologist may be appointed
to the rank of Inspector to fill up any vacancy.
POLICE TRAINING
The Need for Police Training
Organized training is the means by
which officers are provided with the
knowledge and the skills required in the
performance of their multiple, complex
duties. In order that the recruit officer may
commence his career with a sound
foundation of police knowledge and
techniques, it is most important that the
entrance level training he soundly conceived,
carefully organized and well-presented.
Training and the Changes in
Police Works
During the past decades tremendous changes in police work have
occurred. Advances in technology of communications and equipment,
public relations and employee relations as well as total evolution in the
whole social structure have made a law enforcement work more complex
and difficult to pursue.
The ordinary officer must be briefed and oriented on new changes and
developments that affect his job and the recruit must be given a new solid
foundation contemporary with the needs of the time. Policemen do not
stay trained. If they do not forget what they have learned, it is continually
made absolute by improved technology and social changes, and requires
frequent renewal to keep it current and useful.
Standards for
Police Training
All training programs operated by
law enforcement agencies should
limit their enrolment to law
enforcement officers. Training
courses should be set-up, prescribed
units of instruction, and arranged a
time schedule.Practical recruit
training subsequent to employment
should be provided.
PRE AND POST EMPLOYMENT
UNIVERSITY TRAINING
Responsibility of Training
The training of police officers shall be the
responsibility of the PNP in coordination with the
Philippine Public Safety College (PPSC) which
shall be the premier educational institution for
the training of human resources in the field of law
enforcement (PNP, BFP, BJMP), subject to the
supervision of the NAPOLCOM.
c
p l
n a
s
p s
i

f
i
r c
a a
t
n i
o
k n
Types of Police Training
Programs
The following are the training programs in the
police service:
Basic Recruit Training
Field Training
In-Service Training programs
Department In-service training programs
National and International Conventions on
Policing
The Basic Recruit Training
It is the most basic of all police training. It is a
prerequisite for permanency of appointment.

The Basic Recruit Training shall be in accordance

with the programs of instructions prescribed by the
PPSC and the NAPOLCOM subject to modifications to
suit local conditions. This course is conducted within
not less than six (6) months. A training week shall
normally consist of 40 hours of scheduled instructions.
Full time attendance in
the Basic Recruit Training
Attendance to this type of training is full
time basis. However, in cases of emergency,
recruits maybe required to render service
upon certification of the Regional Director
or the City or Municipal Chief of Police the
necessity of such service.
Completion and Certification
of Training
After the Basic Recruit Training,
the Regional Director shall certify
that the police recruits have
completed the training and has
satisfied all the requirements for
police service.
The PNP Field Training
It is the process by which an
individual police officer who is recruited
into the service receives formal
instruction on the job for special and
defined purposes and performs actual
job functions with periodic appraisal on
his performance and progress.
Under R.A 8551, all uniformed members of the
PNP shall undergo a field training program
involving actual experience and assignment in
patrol, traffic and investigation as a requirement for
permanency of their appointment. The program
shall be for twelve (12) months inclusive of the
Basic Recruit Training Course for non-officers and
the Officer Orientation Course or Officer Basic
Course for officers. (Section 20, RA 8551 – IRR)
The In-Service Training
Programs
Police Basic Recruit Course (PBRC) – for
PO1 new recruits
Junior Leadership Training – for PO2 to
PO3
Senior Leadership Training – for SPO1
to SPO3
The In-Service Training
Programs
Officers Candidate Course (OCC) – for
SPO4
Officers Basic Course (OAC) – for
Inspector
Senior Officer Advance Course (SOAC) –
Sr. Inspector to Chief Inspector
The In-Service Training
Programs
Officer Senior Executive Course
(OSEC) - for Superintendent and
above
·Directorial Staff Course (DSC) –
for directors and above
POLICE
APPRAISAL
Appraisal refers to the process of
measuring the performance of
people in achieving goals and
objectives. It is also known as
“performance evaluation system”.
Purposes of
Police Appraisal
1. It serves as guide for promotion, salary
increase, retirement, and disciplinary actions.
2. It increases productivity and efficiency of
police works.
3. It assimilates supervision
4. It informs the officer of the quality of his
work for improvements
Uses of
Police Appraisal
Police appraisal can be useful for personal decision-making in
the following areas:
1. Eligibility to be hired
2. Salary adjustments
3. Determining potential for promotion
4. Evaluation of probationary officers
5. Identification of training needs
6. Isolating supervisory weaknesses
7. Validating selection techniques
8. Reduction in ranks (demotion)
9. Dismissal from service and other disciplinary actions.
PNP Appraisal System
The Performance Evaluation in the police service is the
responsibility of the NAPOLCOM, which shall issue the
necessary rules and regulation for the orderly administration
of the appraisal process. Such performance evaluation shall
be administered in a manner as to foster the improvement of
every individual police efficiency and behavioral discipline as
well as the promotion of the organization’s effectiveness.

The rating system shall be based on the standards set by

the NAPOLCOM and shall consider results of annual physical,
psychological and neuro-psychiatric examinations.
POLICE PROMOTION
Promotion is a system of increasing the rank of a
member of the police service. It has the following objectives:
1. To invest a member of the police force with the degree of
authority necessary for the effective execution of police
duties.
2. To place the police officer in a position of increased
responsibility where he can make full use of his capabilities.
3. To provide and promote incentives, thus motivating
greater efforts of all members of the police force, which will
gradually improve efficiency in police works.
Under the law, the NAPOLCOM shall establish a
system of promotion for uniformed and non-uniformed
members of the PNP, which shall be based on:
1. Merit – includes length of service in the present rank,
and qualification.
2. Seniority
3. Availability of vacant position.

The promotion shall be gender fair which means

women in the PNP shall enjoy equal opportunity for
promotion as that of men.
Preferences for Promotion
1. Appropriate Eligibility - Whenever
two or more persons who are next
in rank, preference shall be given
to the person who is the most
competent and qualified and who
has the appropriate eligibility.
Preferences for Promotion
2. Competency and Vacancy - When
competency, qualification, and
eligibility are equal, preference shall
be given to the qualified member in
the organizational unit where the
vacancy occurs.
Preferences for Promotion
3. Seniority - When all the foregoing
conditions have been taken into
account, and still the members in the
next rank have the same merit and
qualification, preference shall be
given to the most senior officer.
learning objectives:
At the end of this discussion, students should
be able to:
Enumerate the factors in selection for
promotion.
Explain the kinds of promotion.
Understand the Police Assignment,
Inspection, Salaries, Benefits and Privileges.
Factors in Selection for
Promotion
1. Efficiency of Performance – as an aid to
fair appraisal of the candidates’ proficiency,
the performance-rating period shall be
considered. Provided, that in no instance
shall a candidate be considered for
promotion unless he had obtained a rating
of at least “satisfactory”.
2. Education and Training – educational
background which includes completion of in-
service training courses, academic studies,
training grants and the like.

3. Experience and Outstanding Accomplishment

– this includes occupational history, work
experience and other accomplishment worthy
of commendation.
4. Physical Character and Personality – the factors of
physical fitness and capacity as well as attitude and
personality traits in so far as they bear on the nature
of the rank and/or position to be filled. This means
that the candidate should have no derogatory records
which might affect integrity, morality and conduct.

5. Leadership Potential – the capacity and ability to

perform the duties required in the new or higher
position and good qualities for leadership.
Kinds of Police Promotion
1. Regular Promotion - Regular promotion
shall be based on the following requirements:
a. He or she has successfully passed the
corresponding promotional examination
given by the NAPOLCOM;
b. Passed the Bar or corresponding Board
examination for technical services and other
professions;
Kinds of Police Promotion
c. Satisfactory completion of the appropriate
accredited course in the PPSC or equivalent
training institutions;
d. Passed the Psychiatric, Psychological, and
Drug test; and
e. Cleared by the People’s Law Enforcement
Board (PLEB) and the Office of the Ombudsman
for any complaints against him/her.
2. Promotion by Virtue of
Exhibited Acts (Special
Promotion)
Any uniformed member of the PNP, who has
exhibited acts of conspicuous courage and
gallantry at the risk of his or her life above and
beyond the call of duty, shall be promoted to the
next higher rank. Provided, that such act shall be
validated by the NAPOLCOM based on
established criteria.
3. Promotion by Virtue of
Position
Any PNP member designated to any key position whose rank
is lower than that which is required for such position shall, after
six (6) months of occupying the same, be entitled to a promotion,
subject to the availability of vacant positions. Provided, that the
member shall not be reassigned to a position calling for a higher
rank until after two (2) years from the date of such promotion.
Provided, further, that any member designated to the position
who does not possess the established minimum qualifications
thereof shall occupy the same for not more than six (6) months
without extension. (Section 34, RA 8551 – IRR)
POLICE
ASSIGNMENT
Police assignment is the
process of designating a police
officer at a particular function,
duty or responsibility.
Purpose of
POLICE ASSIGNMENT
The purpose of police
assignment is to ensure
systematic and effective
utilization of all the members of
the force.
Power to make designation
or assignment
The Chief of PNP (CPNP), Regional Director (RD), Provincial
Director (PD), and the City or Municipal Chief of Police (COP) can
make designation or assignment of the police force within their
respective levels. They shall have the power to make designations or
assignments as to who among the police officers shall head and
constitute various offices and units of the police organization. The
assignment of the members of the local police agency shall be in
conformity with the career development program especially during
the probationary period. Thereafter, shall be guided by the principle
of placing the right man in the right job after proper classification has
been made.
Criteria in Police Assignment
1. Those possessing the general qualifications for
police duties without technical skills may be
assigned to positions where any personnel can
acquire proficiency within considerably short
period of time.

2. Those possessing skills acquired by previous

related experiences should be assigned to the
corresponding positions.
Criteria in Police Assignment
3. Those possessing highly technical skills with
adequate experience and duly supported by
authoritative basis shall be given preferential
assignment to the corresponding positions, which
call for highly technical trained police officers.
(Misassignment of personnel falling under these
criteria constitute a serious neglect of duty of the
C/PNP, RD, or the COP, in the exercise of his
administrative function)
Criteria in Police Assignment
4. Those selected to undergo further
studies in specialized courses shall be chosen
solely on the basis of ability, professional
preparation and aptitude.

5. Qualifications of the police officers shall

be examined annually to ascertain newly
acquired skills, specialties, and proficiencies.
Criteria in Police Assignment
6. Those with physical limitation incurred
while in the performance of duties should be
assigned where they can be best used in
accordance with the requirements of the
force.
7. Assignments and reassignments of the
police officers from one unit to another shall
be the prerogative of the authority.
Criteria in Police Assignment
8. To give well rounded training
and experience to police recruits, tour
of duties in various assignments
during the probationary period shall
be in accordance with Republic Act
8551.
POLICE SALARy
The uniformed members of the PNP are
considered employees of the National Government
and draw their salaries there from. They have the
same salary grade that of a public-school teacher.
Police Officers assigned in Metropolitan Manila,
chartered cities, and first-class municipalities may
be paid with financial incentives by the local
government unit concerned subject to the
availability of funds.
BENEFITS
AND PRIVILEGES
1. Incentives and Awards
The NAPOLCOM shall promulgate
standards on incentives and award system in
the PNP administered by the Board of
Incentives and Awards. Awards may be in the
forms of decorations, service medals and
citation badges or in monetary considerations.
The following are examples of authorized
Decorations/medals/citation:
Police Medal of Valor
Police Medal of Merit
Wounded Police Medal
Police Efficiency Medal
Police Service Medal
Police Unit Citation Badge
BENEFITS
AND PRIVILEGES
2. Health and Welfare
The NAPOLCOM is mandated to provide assistance
in developing health and welfare programs for police
personnel. All heads of the PNP in their respective
levels are responsible to initiate proper steps to
create a good atmosphere to a superior-subordinate
relationship and improvement of personnel morale
through appropriate welfare programs.
BENEFITS
4.
AND PRIVILEGES
Retirement Benefit
Monthly retirement pay shall be fifty percent (50%) of the
base pay and longevity pay of the retired grade in case of
twenty (20) years of active service, increasing by two and
one-half percent (2.5%) for every year of active service
rendered beyond twenty (20) yeas to a maximum of ninety
percent (90%) for thirty-six (36) years of service and over:
Provided, that the uniformed member shall have the option
to receive in advance and in lump sum his or her retirement
pay for the first five (5) years.
BENEFITS
AND PRIVILEGES
Provided, further, that payment of the
retirement benefits in lump sum shall be made
within six (6) months from effectivity date of
retirement and/or completion. Provided, finally,
that the retirement pay of PNP members shall be
subject to adjustments based on the prevailing
scale of base pay of police personnel in the active
service. (Section 36, RA 8551 – IRR)
BENEFITS
AND PRIVILEGES
5. Permanent Physical Disability Pay
A PNP member who is permanently and totally disabled as a
result of injuries suffered or sickness contracted in the
performance of duty as certified by the NAPOLCOM, upon finding
and certification by the appropriate medical officer, that the
extent of the disability or sickness renders such member unfit or
unable to further perform the duties of his or her position, shall be
entitled to a gratuity equivalent to one year salary and to a
lifetime pension equivalent to eighty percent (80%) of his or her
last salary, in addition to other benefits as provided under existing
laws.
BENEFITS
AND PRIVILEGES
Should such member who has been retired
under permanent total disability under this
Section die within five (5) years from his
retirement, his surviving legal spouse or, if there
be none, the surviving dependent legitimate
children shall be entitled to the pension for the
remainder of the five (5) year guaranteed period.
(Section 37, RA 8551 – IRR).
BENEFITS
AND PRIVILEGES
6. Early Retirement Benefit
A PNP member of his or her own request and
with the approval of the NAPOLCOM, retire
from the service shall be paid separation
benefits corresponding to a position two ranks
higher than his present rank provided that the
officer or non-officer has accumulated at least
20 years of service.
POLICE
INSPECTION
The purpose of police inspection is to
ascertain the standard policies and
procedures, review and analyze the
performance, activities and facilities affecting
operations and to look into the morale, needs
and general efficiency of the police
organization in maintaining law and order.
Types of
Police Inspection
1. Authoritative Inspection – those conducted
by the head of subordinate units in a regular
basis.
2. Staff Inspection – those conducted by the
staff for and in behalf of the Chief PNP or
superior officers in command of various units
or departments.
Nature of
1.
Police Inspection
Internal Affairs – inspection on internal affairs
embraces administration, training, operation,
intelligence, investigation, morale and discipline as well
as the financial condition of the police organization.

2. External Affairs – it embraces the community

relationship of the organization, the crime and vice
situation of the locality, and the prevailing public opinion
concerning the integrity and reputation of the personnel.
The inspecting officer/s shall examine, audit,
inspect police agencies in accordance with existing
standards and with the following objectives:
1. To take note or discover defects and irregularities
2. To effect corrections on minor defects being
discovered
3. To bring to the attention of and recommend to the
concerned officers for appropriate actions on defects
noted.
MODULE 6
ASEAN Country Policing
System
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
At the end of this discussion,
students should be able to:
Compare the Hongkong
Police force in PNP.
Discuss the policing system
of Taiwan.
HONG
KONG
Hong Kong Police Force
It is the largest disciplined
service under the Security Bureau
of Hong Kong. It is the world's
second, and Asia's first, police
agency to operate with a modern
policing system. It was formed on
May 1, 1844.
Hong Kong Police Force
In 1969, Queen Elizabeth II granted
the Royal Charter to the Hong Kong
Police Force for their handling of the
Hong Kong 1967 riots — renaming
them: the Royal Hong Kong Police
Force. Following the transfer of
sovereignty, the Force is once again
named the Hong Kong Police Force.
Hong Kong
Police Force
Structure OF HKPF
The Force is commanded by the
Commissioner of Police, who is assisted by two
deputy commissioners:
a. Deputy Commissioner – Operations =
supervises all operational matters including
crime.
b. Deputy Commissioner – Management = is
responsible for the direction and coordination of
force management including personnel,
training, and management services.
MOTTO OF
Hong Kong Police Force
The Hong Kong Police Force
is organized into Six Regions:
Hong Kong Island
Kowloon East
Kowloon West
New Territories North
New Territories South
Marine Region
The Force Headquarters
(Management) is made up of
five departments:
Operations & Support
Crime & Security
Personnel & Training
Management Services
Finance, Administration and
Planning
Hong Kong
Police College
is responsible for all matters relating to training
within the Hong Kong Police except internal
security, Auxiliary and Marine Police training.
Training provided by the Police College includes
recruit and continuation training, crime
investigation training, police driver training and
weapon tactics training. The information
technology training, command training, local
and overseas management training, some
specialist courses and periodic courses on
firearms and first aid are also provided by the
Police College.
Service
Quality Wing
is responsible for spearheading
initiatives to improve services
provided to force customers both
external and internal. The wing
comprises three branches:
Performance Review, Research and
Inspections and Complaints and
Internal Investigations (C&II).
Entry Requirements
to HKPF
NATIONALITY
Must be a permanent
resident of the Hong Kong
Special Administrative Region
and have lived in Hong Kong
for at least seven years.
Academic Requirements
For Inspector
Hong Kong degree, or equivalent; or
An accredited Associate Degree from
Hong Kong tertiary institution / A
Higher Diploma from a Hong Kong
polytechnic / polytechnic university, or
a Diploma from a registered post-
secondary college awarded after the
date of its registration, or equivalent;
A pass in two subjects at Advanced Level in
the Hong Kong Advanced Level Examination
(2A) plus three other subjects at Grade C or
above in the HKCEE (3O), or a combination
of results in five Hong Kong Diploma of
Secondary Education (HKDSE) subjects of
Level 3 in New Senior Secondary (NSS)
subjects, “Attained with Distinction” in
Applied Learning (ApL) subjects (subject to a
maximum of two ApL subjects) and Grade C
in Other Language subjects, or equivalent.
Academic Requirements
For POLICE CONSTABLE
Five passes or above, which may include
Chinese Language and English Language, in
the HKCEE, or a combination of results in
five Hong Kong Diploma of Secondary
Education (HKDSE) subjects of Level 2 in
New Senior Secondary (NSS) subjects,
“Attained” in Applied Learning (ApL) subjects
(subject to a maximum of two ApL subjects)
and Grade E in Other Language subjects, or
equivalent.
Selection Processes
For Inspector
Written Examination
Extended Interview
Psychometric Test
Final Interview Board
Physical Fitness Test
Integrity Checks and Medical
Examination
Appointment
Selection Processes
For Police Constable
Physical Fitness Test
Group Interview
Psychometric Test
Final Interview Board
Basic Law Test
Integrity Checks and Medical
Examination
Appointment
RANKS OF HKPF
Commissioner of Police (CP)
Deputy Commissioner of Police (DCP)
Senior Assistant Commissioner of
Police (SACP)
Assistant Commissioner of Police
(ACP)
Chief Superintendent of Police (CSP)
Senior Superintendent of Police
(SSP)
RANKS OF HKPF
Superintendent of Police (SP)
Chief Inspector of Police (CIP)
Senior Inspector of Police (SIP)
Inspector of Police (IP)
Probationary Inspector of Police (PI)
Station Sergeant (SSGT)
Sergeant (SGT)
Senior Constable (SPC)
Police Constable (PC)
TAIWAN
TAIWAN POLICE FORCE
is the unified police force of
Taiwan
under the supervision of
NATIONAL POLICE AGENCY
which is directly under the
MINISTRY OF INTERIOR
under effective civilian control
FUNCTIONS of TAIWAN
POLICE FORCE
1. to maintain public order,
2. to protect social security,
3. to prevent all dangers, and
4. to promote the welfare of
all people.
TYPES OF POLICE FORCE
IN TAIWAN
1. Administration Police = are
generally referred to those who
are required to wear uniforms
to carry out duties of household
visits, patrolling, raid, guarding,
duty officer, and reserves.
TYPES OF POLICE FORCE
IN TAIWAN
2. Traffic Police = the primary
duties of the Traffic Police are to
keep traffic order, to ensure
traffic safety, to prevent traffic
accidents, and to smooth traffic
flow.
TYPES OF POLICE FORCE
IN TAIWAN
3. Special Police = are those who
are responsible for protecting the
Central Government, establishing
contingent plans and assisting
local and specialized police units
in maintaining public order.
TYPES OF POLICE FORCE
IN TAIWAN
4. Criminal Investigation
Police = the primary duties of
the criminal investigation
police are to prevent and
detect crimes.
TYPES OF POLICE FORCE
IN TAIWAN
5. Specialized Police = main
duties are to protect state-run
enterprises and public facilities
like railways, highways,
airports, harbors, MRT and
Bank of Taiwan.
RANKS OF TAIWAN
POLICE FORCE
Police Supervisor General
Police Supervisor Rank One
Police Supervisor Rank Two
Police Supervisor Rank Three
Police Supervisor Rank Four
Police Officer Rank One
RANKS OF TAIWAN
POLICE FORCE
Police Officer Rank Two
Police Officer Rank Three
Police Officer Rank Four
Police Rank One
Police Rank Two
Police Rank Three
Police Rank Four
MODULE 6
ASEAN Policing System
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
At the end of this discussion, students
should be able to:
Explain the Myanmar Police Force.
Compare the Indonesian Policing
System to PNP.
Discuss the Royal Malaysian Police.
MYANMAR
Myanmar Police Force
It is formally known as The People's Police
Force (Burmese: Pyi Thu Yae Tup Pwe).
Established in 1964 as independent department
under Ministry of Home Affairs. It was
reorganized on October 1, 1995.
There are 14 State and Divisional Police Forces
and three additional State/Division Police
Forces.
Myanmar Police Force
Organizational set-up
The Director General of Myanmar Police Force holding
the rank of Police Major General is in command of the
whole Police Force. According to the present set-up the
Myanmar Police Force has six components. They are:
a. Headquarters.
b. State and Division Police Forces.
c. Special Departments.
d. Training Centres.
e. Reserved Units.
f. Police Battalions.
Each State and Divisional
Police Force consist of four
components:
State and Divisional Police Force
District Police Force
Township Police Force
Police Stations
TRAINING
CENTERS
1. Central Training Institute
of Myanmar Police Force
2. No.1 Police Training Depot
3. No. 2 Police Training Depot
Myanmar
police force ranks
Highest Rank
- Police Major General

Lowest Rank
- Private
indonesia
Indonesian National
Police (Kepolisian
Negara Republika
Indonesia)
It is the official police force of
Indonesia organized 1946.
It is also known as Polri.
Indonesian National Police
Markasbesar/Mabes
the name of the headquaters
of Indonesian National
Police located in Kebayoran
Baru, South Jakarta,
Indonesia.
POLRI
TERRITORIAL FORCES
1. Kepolisian Daerah or polda - provincial
police
2. Kepolisian Wilayah or Polwil - regional
police
3. Kepolisian Resort or Polres - city police
4. Kepolisian Sector or Polsek - sub-district
police
SPECIAL BRANCHES
1. Brigade Mobile (BRIMOB) - is the most
militarized trained to deal with mass
demonstrations. Its paramilitary role is to
conduct security stabilization operations
and providing security for VIP and vital
facilities.
2. Anti-Riot Unit (Pasukan Anti Huru-Hura) -
received special anti-riot training.
SPECIAL BRANCHES
3. Sea and Air Police - responsible
patrolling the airspace.
4. Plainclothes Unit - assigned in
conducting investigations.
5. Maritime Police - responsible in
protecting the territorial sea.
SPECIAL BRANCHES
6. Anti-Terrorist Unit - trained in
counter-terrorism.

7. Forensics - in-charged of
laboratory examination of
evidence.
POLICE
RECRUIT VOLUNTEERS
At least sixth-grade education and
should pass the competitive
examination.
After 3 years, personnel with junior
secondary diploma could enter into
training to become NCO.
RANKING
SYSTEM OF POLRI
Police General - equivalent of
Police General of PNP.

Second Bhayangkara - equivalent

of Patrolman/woman of the PNP.
MALAYSIA
ROYAL MALAYSIAN POLICE
(Polis Diraja Malaysia)
The police force of Malaysia.
Its headquarters is located at Bukit Aman,
Kuala Lumpur.
The constitution, control, employment,
recruitment, fund, discipline, duties and
powers of the police force is specified and
governed by the Police Act 1967.
ROYAL MALAYSIAN POLICE
Motto of
royal malaysian
police
TEGAS, ADIL DAN
BERHEMAH
- Firm, Fair And Prudent
RMP Organizations
1. Management Department - is tasked
with the routine of management and
administration affairs of the RMP.
This department is also the nerve
centre of the RMP and acts as the
support services platform for the
rest of the force.
RMP Organizations
2. Logistics Department -
has the role to provide
several equipments
needed in RMP.
RMP Organizations
3. Criminal Investigation Division - deals
with the investigation, arrest and
prosecution of hard crimes (murder,
robbery, rape etc) and petty crimes
(theft, house-breaking etc). This
department also specializes in gambling,
vice and secret societies (triads).
Branches of Criminal
Investigation Division
D1 – Administrative Division
D2 – Criminal Record Registration
D3 – Internal Affairs
D4 – Statistics
D5 – Prosecution and Law Divisions
D6 – Technical Assistance Division
Branches of Criminal
Investigation Division
D7 – Gambling / Vice / Secret Societies
D8 – Investigation Division / Planning
D9 – Special Investigation Division
D10 – Forensic Laboratory Division
D11 – Sexual Investigation Division
D12 – National Center Bureau-Interpol
Division
RMP Organizations
4. Narcotics Criminal Investigation
Division - this department's function
is to fight against dangerous drugs by
enforcing the law to stop and reduce
the demand and supply of dangerous
drugs.
RMP Organizations
5. Internal Security and Public
Order Department =
responsible for traffic control
and Search & Rescue (SAR)
operations.
RMP Organizations
6. The Police Field Force (PFF) -
organized in battalions and was a
para-military units of the Royal
Malaysia Police. Also known as the
Jungle Squad. It is established in
1948.
RMP Organizations
7. Police Counter-Terrorism
Unit = an elite unit of RMP
responsible in counter-
terrorism operations.
RMP Organizations
8. UNGERIN - Unit Gempur Marin (UNGERIN) (Marine
Combat Unit) was established in 2006 and it was fully
operational by the end of 2007
Its first name was Unit Selam Tempur due to the
pressing need to suppress the pirate attacks alongside
the coastal area of Malacca Straits and open sea area of
South China Sea which were continuously widespread
from time to time despite various efforts done to
overcome the problem
The members received training from U.S
RMP Organizations
9. Federal Reserve Unit (FRU) = (Malay:
Pasukan Simpanan Persekutuan)
Its role is riot suppression, crowd
control, disaster relief & rescue, as
well as special operations assistance
It is organized in 1955.
RMP Organizations
10. C4-i Implementations System -
(abbreviation for Command, Control,
Communications, Computer-Integrated).
It is based at Police Control Centre in all
police contingents in Malaysia. This unit
is assigned to patrol the city and the
suburbs.
RMP Organizations
11. The Marine Operations Force or
(Malay: Pasukan Gerakan Marin) -
tasked with maintaining law and
order and coordinating search and
rescue operations in the Malaysian
Maritime Zone and on the high seas.
RMP Organizations
12. Royal Malaysian Police Air Wing
Unit or Unit Udara PDRM (UUP) - is a
special unit of Royal Malaysia Police
with a vital role in maintaining
national security with thorough
surveillance and patrol from the air.
RMP Organizations
13. Special Branch - This
department is responsible
for collecting intelligence
for national security.
RMP Organizations
14. Traffic Unit - it is
responsible in maintaining
the flow of traffic
RMP Organizations
15. Commercial Crimes Investigation
Department = this department's main
function is to investigate, arrest, and
prosecute offenders committing white
collar crimes such as fraud, breach of
trust, cyber-crimes, forgery,
counterfeiting etc.
RMP Organizations
16. Mounted Police = police who patrol on
horseback (equestrians) or camelback. They
continue to serve in remote areas and in
metropolitan areas where their day-to-day
function may be picturesque or ceremonial, but
they are also employed in crowd control
because of their mobile mass and height
advantage.
RANKS OF RMP
MODULE 6
ASEAN Policing System
learning objectives:
At the end of this discussion, students
should be able to:
Compare and contrast the
Philippines Policing System in
Singapore, Japan, China, Thailand
and Brunei.
singapore
Singapore Police Force (SPF)
It is the main agency task with the
maintaining law and order in the
city-state. It is formerly known as
Republic of Singapore Police.
Section 7 of Police Force Act of 1857
- the constitution of SPF.
Singapore Police Force (SPF)
Singapore Police Force (SPF)
Organized with split staff (15) and line
functions (13) roughly modeled after the
military. Headquarters at New Phoenix
Park in Novena.
Francis James Bernard - formed the
skeleton force as the heritage of Singapore
Police Force in 1819.
Recruitment
or training
High school graduates who were
interested in law enforcement as a
career can be recruited and those
who are selected for officers had to
be approved by the Public Service
Commission.
Recruitment
or training
Career development course were
encouraged for officer and senior
officers are required to travel overseas
for training such as in Police Staff
College in Britain, FBI National
Academy in US and Police Academy in
Japan.
RANKS OF SPF
Commissioner of Police -
equivalent of Police General in the
PNP.

Constable - equivalent of
Patrolman/woman in the PNP.
JAPAN
National
Police Agency (NPA)
It is an agency administered by the
National Public Safety Commission of the
Cabinet Office in the cabinet of Japan,
and is the central coordinating agency of
the Japanese police system.
A totally gun less police force, except for
its special attack team.
National
Police Agency (NPA)
National
Public Safety Commission
It is a government body
responsible for the administrative
supervision of the police which is
under the jurisdiction of the
Prime Minister.
Japanese Colonial Government
- the one which organized the
first formal policing in China.
Japanese Yakuza - considered
as the center of Asian
organized crime action.
Organizations
Attached to the NPA
1. National Police Academy - provides training to
police officers and conduct academic research
2. National Research Institute of Police Science -
conducts research in police science
3. Imperial Guard Headquarters - provides escort
to the Emperor, Empress, Crown Prince and
other Imperial family. It is responsible for the
security of Imperial Palace.
Regional Police Bureau
It exercises control and supervision
over regional police offices and provides
support with the prefectural police.
Director General = heads each Regional
Bureau acting upon orders from the
Commission General of the NPA.
Regional Police Bureau
The local organizations to carry out part of
the NPA’s functions. There are about 7
Bureaus in the major cities except for Tokyo
and Hokkaido where in Tokyo, Metropolitan
Police department (headed by Superintendent
General) has long been established and shares
the same location with the NPA.
Prefectural Public
Safety Commission (PPSC)
administrative commission functioning
under the representative system which
supervise the prefectural police. It is
under the Jurisdiction of the Governor
though not empowered to give order to
the Commission.
Koban
It is a system of policing adopted in Japan, a
substation near major transportation hubs and
shopping areas and in residential districts
which forms the first line of police response to
the public.
Koban usually staffed by 3-5 officers and about
7000 residential police boxes (Chuzaisho-
staffed by a single officer). About 20 % of police
is assigned to Koban.
china
Ministry of
National Defense
It is the top of the hierarchy
with judicial and public
security agencies such as
Ministry of Public Security and
the Ministry of State Security.
Ministry of
Public Security
It is the principal police authority of
the mainland of the People’s
Republic of China which oversee the
day to day law enforcement. (It is
the equivalent of the National Police
Agency in Japan).
Ministry of
State Security
It is the Chinese government’s
largest and most active foreign
intelligence agency, though it is
also involved in domestic
security matters.
Kinds of
police
1. People’s Armed Police (PAP) - deals
with domestic disturbances, acts as riot
police and guard’s government
compounds and foreign embassies.
Usually handles border defense but is
called sometimes to back up local police.
Kinds of
police
2. State Security Police = (1983)
safeguards state security, prevent
foreign espionage, sabotage and
conspiracies. Under the Ministry of
State Security and directly
accountable to the State council.
Kinds of
police
3. Prison Police = a part of the
correctional arm of the overall
police system stationed in prisons
and correction units. This is under
the leadership of the Ministry of
Justice.
Kinds of
police
4. Judicial Police = responsible
for maintaining the security and
order in courts and serving
instruments and some also
executing death sentences.
Kinds of
police
5. Quasi parapolice (“Cheng guan”) =
operate in many places and hired by
officials to help carry out some
unpopular actions such as collecting
taxes and fines and ousting peasants
from seized land.
Special Police College - conducts nationwide
recruitment once a year.
Central Military Commission - appoints police
in China
People’s Liberation Army - Chinese Armed
forces.
Civil Service Promotion Examinations - basis
for regulation of the Rank promotion
Examination for police officer.
RANK SYSTEM IN CHINA
Commissioner General = equivalent
of Police General in the PNP.

Constable 2nd Class = equivalent of

Patrolman/woman in the PNP.
thailand
Royal
Thai Police
It is formerly known as THAILAND NATIONAL
POLICE DEPARTMENT (TNPD)
In 1998, TNPD was transferred from the Ministry of
Interior of Thailand to be directly under the Office of
the Prime Minister using the name Royal Thai
Police. The position of its supreme head was changed
from that of the Director-General of the TNPD to the
Commissioner-General of the Royal Thai Police.
ranking
system in rtp
Police General - highest rank

Police Constable - lowest

rank
brunei
Royal
Brunei Police Force
It is also known as Polis Diraja
Brunei (PDRB). It is created in 1921
which is responsible for keeping
law and order and providing law
enforcement services throughout
Brunei.
RANKING
SYSTEM
Inspector General of Police -
highest rank

Lance Corporal - lowest rank

MODULE 7
North America and South America
Policing System
learning objectives:
At the end of this discussion,
students should be able to:
Know and understand the North
and South America Policing
System in United States, Canada,
Brazil, Argentina, Columbia,
Chile and Mexico.
UNITED STATES
POLICING SYSTEM
TYPES OF U.S. POLICE
1. Municipal Police -
includes village, township,
city and country police
departments, sheriff
departments.
Types of Local Police
a. County Sheriff - in charged with the
operation of county jail, civil function such
as service of eviction notices and other
court orders and police responsibility.
b. City Police - most common local police
organization. It has jurisdiction in matters
that occur in an incorporated municipality.
TYPES OF U.S. POLICE
2. State Police - includes special
investigative agencies that
concentrate on statewide law
enforcement.
3. Federal Police - agencies operated
by federal government at the national
level.
Some Federal
Agencies Having
Police Functions
a. Protection of Life, Property and
Enforcement of Penal Statutes
1. Federal Bureau of
Investigation (Department of
Justice) - investigates all
violations of federal law except
when the enforcement authority
was given to other specific
federal agency.
a. Protection of Life, Property and
Enforcement of Penal Statutes
2. United States Secret Service
(Department of Treasury) - concerned
with investigation of counterfeiting,
forging or altering of any of the
money or other securities of the U.S.
It is also in charged of the protection
of the president and his family, and of
the executive mansion grounds.
a. Protection of Life, Property and
Enforcement of Penal Statutes

3. Bureau of Narcotics
(Department of Treasury) -
investigated all violations of
federal law relating to
prohibited drugs.
a. Protection of Life, Property and
Enforcement of Penal Statutes
4. Immigration and
Naturalization Service
(Department of Justice) -
investigates all violations of
immigration and naturalization
laws, patrol boarders to prevent
surreptitious entry of aliens.
b. Protection of the National
Revenue
1. Intelligence Unit of the
Bureau of Internal Revenue
2. Alcohol Tax Unit of the
Bureau of Internal Revenue
3. Division of Investigation and
Patrol, Bureau of Customs
4. Private Police
Two Basic Forms of Private
Police
a. Proprietary Police - when a
person wishes to receive service,
he hires a security personnel
directly.
b. Contract Security - services of
an independent security company.
U.S. Police Agencies
New York City - it is where the
first full time police force was
organized in the United States.
New York Police Department -
the largest police force in the
United States.
U.S. Police Agencies
Texas Ranger - police force
originally created in response
to colonization.
Boston Police Department - first
local modern police department
established in the United States.
U.S. Police Agencies
Pennsylvania State Police - the
first state police agency
established.
Los Angeles Police Department
- police force that hired the first
female police officer named,
Alice Stebbins Wells.
The United States police rank model is generally quasi-
military in structure. Although the large and varied number
of federal, state, and local police departments and sheriff's
office have different ranks, a general model, from highest to
lowest rank, would be:
Chief of Police/Police
Commissioner/Superintendent/Sheriff
Deputy Chief of Police/Deputy Commissioner/Deputy
Superintendent/Undersheriff
Inspector/Commander/Colonel
Major/Deputy Inspector
Captain
Lieutenant
Sergeant
Detective/Inspector/Investigator
Officer/Deputy Sheriff/Corporal
CANADA
Royal Canadian Mounted
Police (RCMP)
Colloquially known as Mounties
and internally as “The Force”
It is the national police force of
Canada and one of the most
recognized of its kind in the word
being a national, federal, provincial
and municipal policing body.
Royal Canadian Mounted
Police (RCMP)
It is founded in 1920 by the
Merger of Royal Northwest
Mounted Police (1873) with the
Dominion Police (1868).
It is headed by the Commission
under the direction of the Minister
of Public Safety Canada.
Ranking system in RCMP
Commissioner (Commr.)
Deputy Commissioner (D/Commr.)
Assistant Commissioner (A/Commr.)
Chief Superintendent (C/Supt.)
Superintendent (Supt.)
Inspector (Insp.)
Corps Sergeant Major (C/S/M)
Sergeant Major (S/M)
Staff Sergeant Major (S/S/M)
Staff Sergeant (S/Sgt.)
Sergeant (Sgt.)
Corporal (Cpl.)
Constable (Cst.)
brazil
The Federal Police
of Brazil
Portuguese: Polícia Federal; is a
federal law enforcement agency of
Brazil and one of the three
national police forces. The other
two are the Federal Highway
Police, and the National Force.
ARGENTINA
The Argentine
Federal Police
Spanish: Policía Federal Argentina or
PFA; is the national civil police force
of the Argentine federal government.
The PFA has detachments throughout
the country. Until January 1, 2017, it
also acted as the local law
enforcement agency in the capital,
Buenos Aires.
COLUMBIA
National
Police of Colombia
Spanish: Policía Nacional de
Colombia; is the national police force
of Colombia. Although the National
Police is not part of the Military
Forces of Colombia (Army, Navy, and
Air Force), it constitutes along with
them the "Public Force" and is also
controlled by the Ministry of Defense.
National
Police of Colombia
Unlike many nations which use a tiered
system of law enforcement, the National
Police is the only civilian police force in
Colombia. The force's official functions are
to protect the Colombian nation, enforce the
law by constitutional mandate, maintain
and guarantee the necessary conditions for
public freedoms and rights and to ensure
peaceful cohabitation among the
population.
CHILE
Carabineros
de Chile
English: Carabiniers of Chile; are
the Chilean national police force,
who have jurisdiction over the
entire national territory of Chile.
Created in 1927, their mission is to
maintain order and create public
respect for the laws of the country.
MEXICO
Mexico maintains two primary
Federal Police agencies; the
National Guard, the uniformed
paramilitary force, and an
Investigative force called the
Policía Federal Ministerial. They
are sometimes referred to by
Hollywood and the American media
by the slang term "Federales."
MODULE 8
European and Australia
Policing System
learning objectives:
At the end of this discussion,
students should be able to:
Explain the European Policing
System.
Compare the policing system
of Australia to other
countries.
UNITED
KINGDOM
Law enforcement in the United
Kingdom is organized separately in
each of the legal systems of the United
Kingdom: England and Wales,
Northern Ireland and Scotland. Most
law enforcement is carried out by
police officers serving in regional police
services (known as territorial police
forces) within one of those
jurisdictions.
The Metropolitan Police Service (MPS)
is the territorial police force responsible for
policing Greater London, excluding the
"square mile" of the City of London which is
the responsibility of the City of London
Police. The MPS also has significant
national responsibilities such as
coordinating and leading on counter-
terrorism matters and protection of the
Royal Family of the United Kingdom and
senior figures of HM Government.
The MPS is also referred to
as Scotland Yard after the
location of its original
headquarters buildings in and
around Great Scotland Yard,
Whitehall. The current
headquarters of the MPS is
New Scotland Yard.
united kingdom
police ranking system
Commissioner/National
Commissioner
Deputy Commissioner
Assistant Commissioner
Deputy Assistant
Commissioner
Commander
united kingdom
police ranking system
Chief Superintendent
Superintendent
Chief Inspector
Inspector
Sergeant
Police Constable
france
National
Police France
French: Police Nationale de France, formerly
known as the Sûreté Nationale, is one of two
national police forces, along with the National
Gendarmerie, and the main civil law
enforcement agency of France, with primary
jurisdiction in cities and large towns. The other
main agency is the Military Gendarmerie, with
primary jurisdiction in smaller towns and rural
and border areas. Young French citizens can
fulfill the mandatory service, Service National
Universel (SNU), in the police force.
ranking
system in france
Directeur General de la
Police Nationale (Director
General) - highest rank
Gardien de la paix (Keeper
of the peace) - lowest rank
ireland
Ireland is another place with
an unexpectedly low crime rate.
Despite a serious unemployment,
the presence of large urban
ghettos, and a crisis with religious
terrorism, the Irish pattern of
urban crime is no higher than its
pattern or rural crime.
The key reason of having low crime
rate is the factor that appears to be:
1. A sense of hope and confidence among
the people Legitimate surveys, for
example, show that 86% of more of the
population believe that the local
authorities are well skilled and doing
everything they can.
2. People felt like they had a high degree
of population participation in crime
control.
The Republic of Ireland has
one national civilian police
force, called “An Garda
Síochána”, meaning 'Guardians
of the Peace of Ireland'. It is
commonly referred to as
“Garda.” Garda officers are
unarmed and uniformed.
ranking
system
germany
TYPES OF
GERMANY POLICE
Bundespolizei/Federal
police
Landespolizei/State
police
Kommunenpolizei/Local
police
Bundespolizei
The Federal Police is the national and
principal federal law enforcement agency
of the German Federal Government,
being subordinate to the Federal Ministry
of the Interior, Building and Community.
The Federal Police is primarily
responsible for border protection,
railroad and aviation/air security. In
addition, the agency is responsible,
among other tasks, for the protection of
federal constitutional bodies.
ranking
system
Inspector Police - highest
rank in Federal Police of
Germany.
Senior Constable - lowest
rank in Federal Police of
Germany.
switzerland
Law enforcement in
Switzerland is mainly a
responsibility of the 26 cantons
of Switzerland, who each
operate cantonal police
agencies. Some cities also
operate municipal police
agencies as provided for by
cantonal law.
Reasons of having low
crime rates
They did a remarkable job managing
their underclass population, the poor
people who lived the ghettos and slums.
Swiss crime control is highly effective
in using an “iron fist, velvet glove”
approach toward those who commit
crime and come from the bottom
echelons of Swiss society.
australia
Australian Federal Police
The Australian Federal Police (AFP)
is the federal police agency of the
Commonwealth of Australia.
The AFP was formed on October 19,
1979 under the Australian Federal
Police Act 1979 after the merging
of the former Commonwealth
Police and the Australian Capital
Territory Police.
Myanmar Police Force PNP

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Service 6 months 24 weeks, OJT 12 Months 1 year Police Cadet Officer Force 52 weeks,
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months, Police Station Officer Force 4 months, Township Officer Force 8 weeks 2 months,
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You sent

Police Major General - Police General

Private - Patrolman

Humiwalay
Police Force- Military April 1999
Legally July 2000

Polda 17 Units

BRIMOB- Oldest
Anti Riot

Sea and Air Police- National Waters

Plain Clothes Police- Forensics, Intelligence Security, Technical Aspects
Maritime Police- Territorial Sea

PNP To serve and Protect

RMP Management Department- Brain

Logistics- Equipments

7 REGIONAL POLICE BUREAUS

1. Chubu
2. Chugoku
3. Shikoku
4. Kyushu
5. Kinki
6. Kanto
7. Tohoku

Captain William Stone

Shire of Northampton in the colony of Virginia

William Waters 1652

Stephen F. Austin

Policia de Buenos Aires Argentina

Ministerio de Defensa Nacional Chile

Secretariat of Public Security - Mexican Army’s 3rd Brigade of the Military Police (Terecera Brigada E
Policia Federal De Caminos)

Schutzpolizei- Patrol
Kriminalpolizei- Kripo Plainclothe PNP intelligence
Bereitschaftspolizei- Training Reserve
VerkehrspolizeI (traffic police)
Wasserschutzpolizei (water protection police)
Bahnschutzpolizei (railway police)
(Post Schutzpolizei) (postal police)
Feuerschutzpolizei (fire protection police)