L5-Soil and Waste Systems C

SOIL AND WASTE SYSTEMS

TERMS
 Drainage above ground-
 Discharge stack-vertical pipe conveying foul
fluid/ solid
 Stack-vertical pipe

 Soil pipe (old term)

 Waste pipe (old term)
 Macerate-
 1. to soften or separate into parts by steeping in a
liquid. 2. to soften or decompose (food) by the action
of a solvent. 3. to cause to grow thin.
 acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene: any of a range of
tough copolymers used esp for making moulded
articles
DESIGN REQUIREMENTS
 Drainage installations should remove effluent

quickly & quietly
 Be free from blockage-occur when system is
overloaded with solids, become frozen, suffers
restricted flow at poorly constructed bend or
joints or has buiding materials left inside pipe
runs. Thus each section of discharge pipewk must
be accessible for inspection & internal cleaning
 Be durable-to last as long as the building & be
replaced only because of changed requirements or
new technology
 economic
LOSS OF WATER SEAL
 Self syphonage
 Induced syphonage
 Blow-out (back pressure)
 Cross-flow
 Evaporation
 Wind effects
 Bends & offsets
 Surcharging
 Intercepting traps
 Admission of rainwater into soil stacks
 Pumped or pneumatically ejected sewage lifting
 Capillary
 leakage
TYPES OF DRAINAGE SYSTEM
 Single Stack system
 Single stack system-
modified
 Modified single stack
system
 Fully vented one-pipe
system
 Collar boss single
stack system
 Two-pipe system
 Small bore pumped
waste system
SINGLE STACK SYSTEM
SINGLE STACK SYSTEM
SINGLE STACK SYSTEM
-MODIFIED
SINGLE STACK SYSTEM
-MODIFIED
MODIFIED SINGLE STACK SYSTEM
MODIFIED SINGLE
STACK SYSTEM
FULLY VENTED
ONE PIPE SYSTEM
 Used in buildings
where there are large
number of sanitary
appliances in ranges
eg. factories, school,
offices, hospitals
FULLY VENTED
ONE PIPE SYSTEM
COLLAR BOSS SINGLE STACK SYSTEM
TWO-PIPE SYSTEM
TWO-PIPE SYSTEM
SMALL BORE PUMPED WASTE SYSTEM
SMALL BORE PUMPED WASTE SYSTEM
MATERIALS FOR DISCHARGE SYSTEMS
 Clearance of 30mm should be left between
external pipes & the structure to allow free
access & for painting
 Secure bracketing to the structure is essential&
allowance for thermal expansion should be made
 Pipes passing through walls or floors should be
sleeved with a layer of inert material to prevent
ingress of moisture into building & provide the
elasticity required for thermal movement
(particularly important with plastics)
MATERIALS
Material Application Jointing

Cast iron 50mm & above Lead caulking
vent & with molten /
discharge fibrous lead;
stacks cold compound
caulking
Galvanised Waste pipes BSPT screwed
steel
Copper Waste pipes & Compression,
traps capillary, silver
solder, bronze
weld or push-fit
ring seal
MATERIALS

Lead Waste pipes & Soldered or lead
discharge welded
stacks
ABS Up to 50mm Solvent cement
waste & vent & push fit ring
pipes seal
High density Up to 50mm Push fit ring
polyethylene waste & seal &
ventilating compression
pipes & traps fittings
MATERIALS

Polypropylene Up to 50mm Push fit ring
waste & seal &
ventilating compression
pipes & traps couplings
Modified PVC Up to 50mm Solvent cement
waste & vent & push fit ring
pipes seal
MATERIALS

Unplasticized Over 50mm soil Solvent cement
PVC & vent stacks; & push fit ring
vent pipes seal
under 50mm
Pitch fibre Over 50mm Driven taper or

discharge & polypropylene
vent stacks fitting with a
push fit ring
seal
MAINTENACE
 Overall service maintenace schedule features:

periodic inspection,testing, trap clearance,
removal of rust & repainting
 Occasional replacement- washers on access
covers
 Use of chemical agents, hand or machine-
operated rodding & high-pressure blockage
removal must be carefully related to the drainage
materials & the skill of the operator
MAINTENACE
 Lime scale removal
 Lime scale is found in hard
water areas
 Removal done by- applying
directly, a dilute corrosion-
inhibited acid based descaling
fluid onto visible scale on
sanitary appliances & then
thoroughly flushing with
clean water
 Fluid mixture: 15% inhibited
hydrochloric acid & 20%
orthophosporic acid
MAINTENACE
 Removal of grease & soap residues
 A strong solution of soda crystals & 9l of hot water is
flushed through the system
 The soda crystals are mixed with the hot water in a
basin
 When the soda is fully dissolved, the plug is released
 May be necessary frequently in commercially used
appliances
MAINTENACE
 Blockage
 Hand plunger may be sufficient but repeated
blockage should be investigated
 Hand rodding from the nearest access pt can be
performed using various tools as appropriate
 Kinetic ram gun can be used for branch pipe blockage
 Impact of compressed air from the gun creates a shock wave
in the water, which dislodges the solids
 However, limited to removal of soft materials because a
blow-back fr a stubborn blockage may injure operator &
damage the pipework
 Coring & scraping mechanical tools can be used to
remove hard lime scale in 100mm pipes (provided the
materials will withstand the operation)
 Steel cutter is revolved by flexible drive fed thru the pipewk

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SOIL AND WASTE SYSTEMS

 Soil pipe (old term)

 Waste pipe (old term)

 Drainage installations should remove effluent

Material Application Jointing

Material Application Jointing

Material Application Jointing

Material Application Jointing

Pitch fibre Over 50mm Driven taper or

 Overall service maintenace schedule features:

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