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Ntuli Lumko 221015440 Gene 240 Tut 5

1. The eye color of moths is controlled by a single gene. When yellow and brown mutants were crossed, all offspring had black eyes, showing the alleles are for different genes that interact to determine color. 2. When chicken comb types were crossed, the offspring ratios matched the expected genotypes of the parents being RrPp x rrPp. 3. Crossing two breeds of white chickens, Blanche and Whitscrat, that are white for different reasons would produce white and colored chicks in a 13:3 ratio in the F2 generation.

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78 views

Ntuli Lumko 221015440 Gene 240 Tut 5

1. The eye color of moths is controlled by a single gene. When yellow and brown mutants were crossed, all offspring had black eyes, showing the alleles are for different genes that interact to determine color. 2. When chicken comb types were crossed, the offspring ratios matched the expected genotypes of the parents being RrPp x rrPp. 3. Crossing two breeds of white chickens, Blanche and Whitscrat, that are white for different reasons would produce white and colored chicks in a 13:3 ratio in the F2 generation.

Uploaded by

Mthetheleli Nxele
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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TUT 5

LUMKO LIBERTY NTULI


221015440
Genetics 240 Tutorial Week 8 Marked by Demi:
(Print Name)
Worksheet 5 2022
…………………….
Mark: ….
/50
Answer all questions on the tutorial worksheet. Write your answers into the blank spaces, save the file with your
name and student number, and submit/upload it on the Learn2022 website. The demonstrators will mark your
answers and provide feedback.
Copying results from other sources is PLAGIARISM and causes loss of marks.

1. Give a definition for:

Sex-Linked
 Is the expression of an allele that is dependent on the individual's sex and is directly
linked to the sex chromosome(gonosome) is referred to as sex linkage.

Sex-Limited
 Sex limited traits are traits that are only expressed on one gender as they are generally
autosomal, meaning they are not found on the sex chromosomes on both genders.

Sex-Influenced traits. (6)


 A phenotypic characteristic or trait that is expressed differently in both sexes (male
and Female),due to its ability of affecting only autosomal chromosomes.

EPISTASIS

2. Moths may have various eye colours. The wild-type eye colour is black. An abnormal eye
colour variant has been found that is yellow and homozygous for the y mutation. Another
variant is brown with homozygous alleles for the b mutation. When researchers crossed
homozygous yellow mutants with homozygous brown mutants all the offspring had black
eyes. When the F1 generation was undercrossed three different types of eye colours were
found and counted: 266 black, 86 brown and 116 yellow.

a) Would you conclude that eye colour is controlled by one or two genes and why? (6)
TUT 5
LUMKO LIBERTY NTULI
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 P: Phenotype: Yellow eye colour X Brown eye colour
Genotype: yy X bb
G: meiosis: y, y, X b, b
b b
y by by
y by by

Genotype: all by
F1: Phenotype: all black eye colour
in the first cross of the research as seen at the homozygous yellow (YY) mutants with the
homozygous brown (BB) mutans, the offspring were all heterozygous (BY) for a black eye
colour. The alleles y and b are for different genes but formed a completely different
unexpected colour (since brown + yellow = beige) . This proves that the eye colour of moth is
controlled by a single gene.

b) Should two genes be involved, would you suspect an epistatic interaction and, if so, which
one? (Look at the proportions!) (6)
 For the F1 generation all the offspring were black. For the F2 generation there were
266 Black: 86 Brown: 116 Yellow. According to Mendel law the ratio for two
independent genes should be 9:3:3:1, which is not found in this case. The ratio
discovered here was 9:4:3. Meaning that there were two homozygous eyes colours
which (bb) for brown mutation and (yy) for yellow mutation. If two genes were to be
involved the y allele would be the dominant Epistatic allele, since the y allele causes
the yellow eye colour in moths regardless of the presence of the homozygous b allele.

3. When chicken was crossed, the result gave the following numbers:

14 walnut-comb chicken, 6 rose-comb chicken,


16 pea-comb chicken, and 5 single-comb chicken.
Look at these results and find out what the genotypes of the parents were? (8)

Hint: These are the genotypes


TUT 5
LUMKO LIBERTY NTULI
221015440

P: Phenotype: Walnut-comb chicken X Pea-comb


chicken
Genotype: RrPp X rrPp
G: meiosis: RP, Rp, rP, rp X 2 rP, 2 rp
G RP Rp rP Rp
rP RrPP RrPp rrPP rrPp
rP RrPP RrPp rrPP rrPp
rP RrPp Rrpp rrPp Rrpp
rP RrPp Rrpp rrPp rrpp

Genotype: 4 RrPp: 4 rrPp: 2 rrpp: 2 rrPP: 2 RrPP: 2 Rrpp


Phenotype: 4 walnuts: 4 Pea combs: 2 Rose combs:1 Single comb
Therefore, the genotype of parents was RrPp crossed with rrPp

4. A breed of chicken, the Blanche, was developed that is homozygous for the dominant
allele C, which normally produces coloured feathers; but this particular breed is white
feathered because of the action of a second, dominant gene I for which it is also homozygous
and that inhibits the expression of any colour.

Another breed, the Whitscrat, is also white feathered but in this case because of the action of
the recessive c allele and the recessive i allele, both being homozygous.

A Whitscrat rooster is crossed with Blanche hens. If you cross the F 1 generation with itself,
what kind of phenotypes and in what ratios would you expect the F2 chicks to appear?
(6)

P: Genotype: CCII X ccii


G: meiosis: 4CI X 4 ci
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221015440

G CI CI CI CI
ci CcLi CcLi CcLi CcLi
ci CcLi CcLi CcLi CcLi
ci CcLi CcLi CcLi CcLi
ci CcLi CcLi CcLi CcLi
F1: Genotype: All CcIi

F1: Genotype: CcIi X CcIi


G: meiosis: Cl, Ci, cI, ci X Cl, Ci, cI, ci
CI Ci cI ci
CI CCII CCIi CcII CcIi
Ci CCIi CCii Ccii Ccii
cI CcII CcIi ccII ccIi
ci CcIi Ccii ccIi ccii

F2: Phenotype: 13 white feathers: 3 coloureds feathers

5. Pure-breeding lines of black and light brown wolfs were interbred. All cubs were always
black. When the cubs were crossed, the numbers of the resulting offspring were summed up
over a longer period of time, as follows: 63 light-brown, 138 black and 48 dark-brown cubs
born.

What is the explanation of this type of gene action and in which sequence of biochemical
reactions is the coat colour produced? Draw a simple flow-chart sequence. (Again, look at the
proportions!) (18)

P: Phenotype: Black X light brown


Genotype: BBDD X bbdd
G: meiosis: 4 BD X 4 bd
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LUMKO LIBERTY NTULI
221015440

BD BD BD BD
bd BbDd BbDd BbDd BbDd
bd BbDd BbDd BbDd BbDd
bd BbDd BbDd BbDd BbDd
bd BbDd BbDd BbDd BbDd

F1: Phenotype: All Black


Genotype: All BbDd
F1: Genotype: BbDd X BbDd
G: meiosis: BD, Bb, bD, bd X BD, Bd, bD, bd
BD Bd bD bd
BD BBDD BBDd BbDD BbDd
Bd BBDd BBdd BbDd Bbdd
bD BbDD BbDd bbDD bbDd
bd BbDd Bbdd bbDd bbdd

F1: Phenotype: 9 black: 3 Dark brown: 4 light browns


Phenotype Genotype
Black B_D_
Dark brown bbD_
Light brown B_dd or bbdd

This shows that the colour of wolves is determined by two different genes that are not
dependent on each other.

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