West Bengal Board Class 12 Chemistry Syllabus

CHEMISTRY (CHEM)

CLASS - XII
Full Marks 100
THEORY - 70 Marks

Marks
Unit – I Solid State 04
Unit – II Solutions 05
Unit – III Electrochemistry 05
Unit- IV Chemical Kinetics 05
Unit – V Surface Chemistry 04
Unit- VI General principles and processes of Isolation of Elements 03
Unit- VII p-Block Elements 08
Unit- VIII d-and f- Block Elements 05
Unit- IX Coordination Compounds 03
Unit- X Haloalkanes and Haloarenes 04
Unit- XI Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers 04
Unit- XII Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic acids 06
Unit- XIII Organic Compounds containing Nitrogen 04
Unit- XIV Bio molecules 04
Unit-XV Polymers 03
Unit-XVI Chemistry in Everyday Life 03

Total- 70

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Unit – I: Solid State

Classification of solids based on different binding forces: molecular, ionic, covalent and metallic
solid, amorphous and crystalline solids (elementary idea), unit cell in two dimensional and three
dimensional lattices, packing efficiency, calculation of density of unit cell, packing in solids,
voids, number of atoms per unit cell in a cubic unit cell, point defects , electrical and magnetic
properties. Band theory of metals, conductors, semiconductors and insulators and n & p type
semiconductors.

Unit – II: Solutions

Types of solutions, expression of concentration of solution of solids in liquids, solubility of gases
in liquids, solid solutions, colligative properties – relative lowering of vapour pressure, Raoult’s
law, elevation of boiling point, depression of freezing point, osmotic pressure, determination of
molecular masses using colligative properties, abnormal molecular mass, van’t Hoff factor and
calculations involving it.

Unit – III: Electrochemistry

Red ox reactions, conductance in electrolytic solutions, specific and molar conductivity, variations
of conductivity with concentration, Kohlrausch’s law, electrolysis and laws of electrolysis
(elementary idea), dry cell – electrolytic cells and Galvanic cells; lead accumulator, EMF of a
cell, standard electrode potential, Nernst equation and its application to chemical cells. Reaction
between Gibbs energy change and emf of a cell, fuel cells: corrosion.

Unit – IV: Chemical Kinetics

Rate of a reaction (average and instantaneous), factors affecting rates of reactions; concentration,
temperature, catalyst; order and molecularity of a reaction; rate law and specific rate constant,
integrated rate equations and half life (only for zero and first order reactions); concept of collision
theory (elementary idea, no mathematical treatment), activation energy, Arrhenius equation.

Unit – V: Surface Chemistry

Adsorption – physisorption and chemisorption; factors affecting adsorption of gases on solids;
catalysis; homogenous and heterogeneous, activity and selectivity; enzyme catalysis; colloidal
state, distinction between true solutions, colloids and suspensions; lyophillic, lyophobic,
multimolecular colloids; properties of collioids; tyndall effect, Brownian movement, electro phoresis,
coagulation; emulsion – types of emulsions. Elementary idea of nanomaterials.

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Unit – VI: General Principles and Processes of Isolation of Elements

Principles and methods of extraction – concentration, oxidation, reduction electrolysis method
and refining; occurrence and principles of extraction of aluminium, copper, zinc and iron.

Unit – VII:p- Block Elements

Group 15 elements: general introduction, electronic configuration, occurrence, oxidation states,
trends in physical and chemical properties; nitrogen – preparation, properties and uses; compounds
of nitrogen; preparation and properties of ammonia and nitric acid, oxides of nitrogen (structure
only); Phosphorus – allotropic forms; compounds of phosphorus; preparation and properties of
phosphine, halides (PCL3, PCL5) and oxoacids (elementary idea only).
Group 16 elements: General introduction, electronic configuration, oxidation states, occurrence,
trends in physical and chemical properties; dioxygen; preparation, properties and uses;
classification of oxides; ozone, sulphur – allotropic forms;
Compounds of sulphur dioxide; sulphuric acid: industrial process of manufacture, properties and
uses, other oxides and oxoacids of sulphur (structures only).
Group 17 elements: General introduction, electronic configuration, oxidation states, occurrence,
trends in physical and chemical properties; compounds of halogens; preparation, properties and
uses of chlorine and hydrochloric acid, interhalogen compounds, oxoacids of halogens (structure
only).
Group 18 elements: General introduction, electronic configuration. Occurrence, trends in physical
and chemical properties uses.

Unit – VIII: d and f Block Elements

General introduction electronic configuration, occurrence and characteristics of transition metals,
general trends in properties of the first row transition metals – metallic character, ionization
enthalpy, oxidation states, ionic radii, colour, catalytic property, magnetic properties, interstitial
compounds, alloy formation. Preparation and properties of K2Cr2O7 and KMnO4.
Lanthanoids – electronic configuration, oxidation states, chemical reactivity and lanthanoid
contraction and its consequences.
Actinoids - Electronic configuration, oxidation states and comparison with lanthanoids.

Unit – IX: Coordination Compounds

Coordination compounds – Introduction, Ligands, coordination number, colour, magnetic properties
and shape, IUPAC nomenclature of mononuclear coordination compounds. Bonding (Werner’s

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theory, VBT and CFT); structural and stereo isomerism, importance of coordination compounds
(in qualitative inclusion of analysis, extraction of metals and biological systems)

Unit – X: Haloalkanes and Haloarenes

Haloalkanes:
Nomenclature, nature of C-X bond, physical and chemical properties, mechanism of substitution
reactions. Stability of carbonations, R-S and d-I configurations
Haloarenes:
Nature of C-X bond, substitutions reactions (directive influence of halogen for monosubstituted
compound only, stability of carbocations R-S and d-I configurations)
Uses and environmental effects of – dichloromethane, trichloromethane, tetrachloromethane,
iododorm, freons, DDT.

Unit – XI: Alcohols, phenols and Ethers

Alcohols: Nomenclature, methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties (of primary
alcohols only); identification of primary, secondary and tertiary alcohols; mechanism of dehydration,
uses of methanol and ethanol.
Phenols: Nomenclature, methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties, acidic nature
of phenol, electrophillic substitution reactions, uses of phenol.
Ethers: Nomenclature, methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties, uses.

Unit – XII:Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids

Aldehydes and Ketones: Nomenclature, nature of carbonyl group, methods of preparation,
physical and chemical properties, mechanism of nucleophillic addition, reactivity of alpha hydrogen
in aldehydes; uses.
Carboxylic Acids: Nomenclature, acidic nature, methods of preparation, physical and chemical
properties, uses.

Unit – XIII: Organic compounds containing Nitrogen

Nitro compounds: General methods of preparation and chemical reactions.
Amines: Nomenclature, classification, structure, methods of preparation, physical and chemical
properties, uses, identification of primary, secondary and tertiary amines.
Cyanides and Isocyanides – will be mentioned at relevant places in context.
Diazonium salts: Preparation, chemical reactions and importance in synthetic organic chemistry.

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Unit – XIV: Bio molecules

Carbohydrates - Classification (aldoses and Ketoses), monosaccharides (glucose and fructose),
D-L configuration, oligosaccharides (sucrose, lactose,maltose), polysaccharides (starch, cellulose,
glycogen); importance.
Proteins - Elementary idea of å- amino acids, peptide bond, polypeptides, proteins, primary
structure, secondary structure, tertiary structure and quaternary structure (qualitative idea only),
denaturation of proteins; enzymes.
Lipids and hormones, their classification and functions.
Vitamins: Classification and functions.
Nucleic Acids: DNA & RNA.

Unit – XV: Polymers

Classification – natural and synthetic, methods of polymerization (addition and Condensation),
copolymerization. Some important polymers: natural and synthetic like poly, nylon, polyesters,
Bakelite, rubber, biodegradable and non-biodegradable polymers.

Unit – XVI: Chemistry in Everyday Life

1. Chemicals in medicines- analgesics, tranquilizers, antiseptics, disinfectants,
antimicrobials, anti fertility drugs, antibiotics, antacids, antihistamines, antioxidants.
2. Chemicals in food – preservatives, artificial, sweetening agents.
3. Cleansing agents – soaps and detergents, cleansing action.

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Practical
Marks 30
Evaluation Scheme for Examination Marks
Volumetric analysis 10
Salt Analysis 08
Content Based Experiment 06
Class Record ,Viva and Project work 06
Total 30
Practical Syllabus

A. Surface Chemistry.
a) Preparation one lyophilic and one lyophobic sol. Lyophilic sol – starch albumin and gum,
Lyophobic sol – aluminium hydroxide, ferric hydroxide, arsenious sulphide.
b) Study of the role of emulsifying agents in stabilizing the emulsions of different oils.

B. Chemical kinetics
a) Effect of concentration and temperature on the rate of reaction between sodium
thiosulphate and hydrochloric acid.
b) Study of reaction rates of any one of the following:
i. Reaction of iodide ion with hydrogen peroxide at room temperature using different
concentrations of iodide ions.
ii. Reaction between potassium iodide, KIO3 and sodium sulphate: (Na2So3) using starch
solution as indicator (clock reaction).
C. Thermo chemistry
Any of the following experiments
i. Enthalpy of dissolution copper sulphate or potassium nitrate.
ii. Enthalpy of neutralization of strong acid (HCl) and strong base (NaOH)
iii. Determination of enthalpy change during interaction (hydrogen bond formation) between
acetone and chloroform
D. Electro chemistry
Variation of cell potential in Zn/Zn2+//Cu2+/Cu with change in concentration of electrolytes
(CuSO4 or ZnSO4) at room temperature.

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E. Chromatography
i. Separation of pigments from extracts of leaves and flowers by paper chromatography
and determination of Rf Values.
ii. Separation of constituents present in an inorganic mixture containing two cations only
(constituents having large difference in Rf values to be provided).
F. Preparation of Inorganic Components
i. Preparation of double salt of ferrous ammonium sulphate or potash alum
ii. Preparation of potassium ferric oxalate
G. Preparation of Organic compounds
Preparation of any two of the following compounds
i. Acetanilide
ii. Di benzal acetone
iii. p-Nitroacetanilide
iv. Aniline yellow or 2- Napthal aniline dye.
v. Iodoform
H. Tests for the functional groups present in organic compounds:
Unsaturation, alcoholic, phenolic, aldehydic, ketonic, carboxylic and amino (primary) groups.
I. Characteristic test of carbohydrates, fats and proteins in pure samples and their
detection in given food stuffs.
J. Determination of concentration/ minority of KMnO4 solution by titrating it against a
standard solution of:
i. Oxalic acid
ii. Ferrous ammonium sulphate
(students will be requied to prepare standard solution by weighing themselves)
K. Qualitative analysis
Determination of one cation and one anion in a given salt.
Cations – Pb2+, Cu2+,As3+,Al3+,Fe3+,Mn2+,Ni2+,Zn2+,Co2+,Ca2+,Sr2+,Ba2+,Mg2+,NH4+
Anions – CO32-,S2-,SO32-,NO2--,NO3--,Cl-,Br-,l-,PO43-,C2O42-,CH3COO-
(Note; Insoluble salts excluded)

Project work- where feasible may include

i. Model preparation
ii. Investigatory project
iii. Science exhibits
iv. Participation in science fairs
v. Testing of purity of food articles like butter, pulse and milk etc.

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