Module 3 - Iwrbs 3

Download as docx, pdf, or txt
Download as docx, pdf, or txt
You are on page 1of 6

Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
REGION I
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF PANGASINAN II
SAN JACINTO NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
GUIBEL/CAPAOAY, SAN JACINTO, PANGASINAN

INTRODUCTION TO WORLD RELIGIONS


AND BELIEF SYSTEM
Self- Learning Module

Module 3

The Influences of Religion to Culture and Society


______________________________________
(Name of Learner)

__________________________
(Grade Level and Section)

BONIFACIO A. NAOE II ____________________________


(Subject Teacher) Adviser

_________________________
(Week Covered and Date)

I. INTRODUCTION
Religion, culture and society are things that are inseparable, these concepts often times greatly influences one another. In this
module, you will be able to understand how religion influences culture and society.
.

II. LESSON COVERAGE

Influences of Religion to Culture and Society

In this module, you will go through the following lessons:


Lesson 1 –Influences of Religion to Culture and Society
Most Essential Learning Competency: Analyze the influences of religion to culture and society.

Objectives:
In these lessons, you will learn to:
 Understand the development of the different religions in a specific culture/society;
Lesson 1  Appreciate the role of culture in the development of religion and ;
 Observe their influence in your interaction with your fellowmen, the world, nature and God.

III. PRESENTATION AND DISCUSSION

1 Influences of Religion to Culture


and Society
What to KNOW
Let us start our lesson by reviewing your past lesson, by that you will have continuity to your learning at the same time
your retention will be more enhanced.

Activity 1: A-MAZE-ING

Description: This activity will help you remember some concepts in the past lessons and being able to connect to the
recent lesson. This activity will also make you find out the connection among religion, geography, and culture.

Directions: Explain the relationship among religion and geography as shown in the diagram below. Don’t forget to
write the answer on your Activity Notebook!
Rubric 3 2 1
Very Good Good Fair
Content Contains all the Contains some necessary Contains less necessary ideas
necessary ideas to ideas to support the to support the answer.
support the answer. answer.
The flow of the The flow of the answer is The flow of the answer is
Organization answer is organized somewhat unorganized organized and in directs the
and directs the ideas and somewhat in directs ideas to the answer.
to the answer. the ideas to the answer.

RELIGION GEOGRAPHY

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________

Remember that you need to complete the activity before moving on to the next part of this module.
Note: You may check your answer on the Answer Key Page.

Great Job! You may now move on to the next part of the lesson.

What to PROCESS
In this portion of your module, your objective is to be familiarized about the key concepts of the symbiosis of religion
and culture.

Activity 2: Choose the best!

Description: This activity will help you identify concepts that are necessary to our lesson.

Directions: Choose the letter of the best answer and write it on your Activity Notebook.
2
_____1. It is referred to as “ordinary way of life” in its broadest sense by Raymond Williams. What is it?
A. Society C. Politics
B. Culture D. Science
_____2. Perhaps you may encounter people who considered their own culture as superior than others. Some of us laugh when a
person we talk to has a Visayan accent. What do you call this kind of attitude?
A. Monotheism C. Cultural Relativism
B. Ethnocentrism D. Polytheism
_____3. Culture is dynamic. This means that culture
A. is genetically structured in man’s biological component.
B. can be accumulated throughout the lifetime of a person.
C. is diverse, and we adjust to other culture.
D. is never stagnant and keep on changing due to new social experiences of
people.
_____4. Which statement reflects the relationship between religion, culture and geography?
A. Religion influenced culture and geography.
B. Culture influenced religion and geography
C. Geography influenced culture and religion.
D. All of the above
______5. One of the statements reflects the beliefs of the Filipinos before Christianity was introduced?
A. Nabati C. nabalis
B. Nausog D. all of the above

Remember that you need to get a passing score of 3 pts. before moving on to the next part of this module.
Note: You may check your answer on the Answer Key Page.

Nice one! You may now move on to the next part of the lesson.

What to UNDERSTAND
Let us deepen your understanding about the sybiosis of religion and culture. Please continue reading with
comprehension as you discover further knowledge that will help you out in the remaining parts of this module.

Activity 3: DRAW-OUT

Description: These following activities will help you further identify difference between being religious and spiritual.
Moreover, will also help you identify common characteristics of different religions.

Directions: Choose one activity from the following applying the principle below: poster/ caricature/ comic strip
/sketch/ symbolism. NOTE! Remember to always do your activities on your Activity notebook!
“Unity in diversity” and “Many paths yet only one destiny.”

Remember that you need to complete the activity before moving on to the next part of this module.
Note: You may check your answer on the Answer Key Page.

Great Job! You may now move on to the next part of the lesson.

What is Culture
Culture is “a whole way of life” The way we think, act or speak. It is “ordinary.” (Williams, 1958). Culture can be also dynamic, it
can be shared, learned, transmitted from one generation to another, adaptive and integrated (Bodley,1999). UNESCO defines culture
as : “The whole complex of distinctive spiritual, material, intellectual and emotional features that characterize a society or social group. It
includes not only the arts and letters, but also modes of life, the fundamental
rights of the human being, value systems, traditions and beliefs.”

By the way, if you consider your own culture as superior from the rest, then your belief is termed as ethnocentrism. On the other
hand, if you are open minded towards other culture without judging them and respect the diverse culture around you then you believe in
cultural relativism. In our present age of technology wherein the world is one-big community and every human beings communicate
through the internet from different cultural backgrounds, we cannot help but become a cultural relativist. We should respect the culture of
others because we are all citizens of this world and we are all equal. As a member of a society, we have no choice but to interact with our
fellowmen. In so doing, we can encounter people with different beliefs, practices or even have different philosophy in life. We are in a
multi-cultural society or simply we live amidst a multiculturalist world wherein multiculturalism should prevail. The word “multi” implies
many. According to Harrison (1994) multiculturalism is a theory about the foundations of a culture
rather than a practice which subsumes cultural ideas. In a broader sense, the term is often use to describe societies which have many
distinct cultural groups, usually as a result of immigration. (Vega, et al, 2009). Although we can still observe people who are ethno
centrists. In the course of time there are people who are ethno centrists and there are those who are cultural relativists. In terms of
religious beliefs, there are people who are fundamentalists who defend their beliefs at all costs, and there are people who are open
minded enough to respect the beliefs of others.

Religion and Culture


What is the role of culture in the development of religion? The evolution of culture is simultaneous with the evolution of man. As
man progresses from homo habilis to homo sapiens, from Old Stone Age to New Stone Age then to Iron Age, Industrial Age and
Technological age, significant changes in the way human acts, lives, or use tools have been observed. This is true in all dimensions of
human life including religion. It was believed that man’s consciousness of the divine can be traced back to the time of the Neanderthals.
Lawrence McKinney observed that,
“the discovery of bear skulls with unusual markings indicates the basis of a primitive religion while others, noting the existence
of flower petals and pollen in ancient burial sites, have speculated on the possibility of Neanderthal funeral rites
(McKinney,1994). The reality of death developed into a cultural funeral rite as a way of respecting the dead. This reality is taken seriously
by religion and sought divine aide to solve the riddle of life.

3
Our experience of the Covid-19 pandemic can attest to this. The sight of people dying left and right in hospitals, coffins paraded in
the streets and millions of people all over the world struggling to survive from this malady triggered humans to depend on some divine
power to intercede. The pandemic as of June , 2020, hit a record high of almost ten (10) million people affected all over the world and
hundreds of thousands of deaths. Since no vaccine is in sight, posts in Facebook, messenger, Instagram, Twitter and even mainstream
media are all dominated by God-related shares in a form of prayers and pleas for divine intervention. The “new normal culture” is
our way of coping our vulnerability. The new normal culture changes the landscape of our daily lives including religious practices. “New
normal” is a word of mouth now that the whole world is experiencing the Covid-19 pandemic but the phrase “new normal culture” is
used for the first time in this module. This is not found yet in any dictionary or in a sociology book. What does it
mean? It means a deviation from the “normal” to the “not normal” way of life. It is more of an awareness and prevention against the
pandemic. This is one characteristic of culture, being dynamic and adaptive and so we adjust and adapt to the new culture. In the
church for example, one important law is, Thou shalt keep Holy the Lord’s day. If one violates this commandment a believer commits a
grievous sin. Under the new normal culture this is not relevant anymore. The church now can accommodate only a few. We can now
attend masses or services at home. The church has to adjust to the new culture. This is how culture influences religion and vice
versa. There are certain periods in history that the intermarriage between culture and religion, the latter dominates in shaping the
way of life of the people. Let us take for example the functions of religion laid down by Calderon. He assumed that religion also influence
not just the religious life but
also social, economic and even political way of life of people. Among the many functions of religion identified by Calderon (1998) are the
following:
1. Religion serves as a means of social control.
2. It exerts a great influence upon personality development.
3. Religion allays fear of the unknown.
4. Religion explains events or situations which are beyond the comprehension of man.
5. It gives man comfort, strength and hope in times of crisis and despair.
6. It preserves and transmits knowledge, skills, spiritual and cultural values and practices.
7. It serves as an instrument of change.
8. It promotes closeness, love, cooperation, friendliness and helpfulness.
9. Religion alleviates sufferings from major calamities.
10. It provides hope for a blissful life after death.

The above functions show that religion penetrates the whole dimension of one’s life and society even to non-believers. When the
Spaniards brought Christianity in the Philippines, it changes the social, economic and political life of the people. The Noli Me Tangere and
El Filibusterismo, the two famous novels of our national hero Dr. Jose Rizal reflect how religion dictates the way of life of the people. How
religion became an instrument of power to control the Indios or the Filipinos. Christianity was used as a sword or weapon to make the
natives obey
from the whims and caprices of the Spaniards. As history goes by, the perspective of religion changes. Religion today is used as a
weapon not of oppression but of compassion and solidarity with the poor. From the perspective of Christianity, this is the original
intention of the founder, Jesus Christ. The Bible, the sacred book of the Christians is very specific that Christ’s leaning is towards the
poor and the oppressed. Plenty of parables in the New Testament can attest to this. What happened when Christianity embraced
different cultures along the way?

Historically, in 313 AD, the Emperor Constantine issued the Edict of Milan, which accepted Christianity: 10 years later, it became
the official religion of the Roman Empire. (www.pbs.org>empires>romans>empire>christians) The sudden shift of attitudes and
lifestyles among the Christians was observable among which; a) being powerless, they become powerful; b) being persecuted, they
become persecutors. We have a long list of abuses since then especially during the Dark Ages of the church. What does this mean? The
development of religion is influenced by the cultural milieu where it belongs. When Christianity was embraced by the Greeks and
Romans, it became a religion of the mind. It became and academic subject devoid of compassion and mercy. Compassion and mercy
are the original values of Jesus Christ. Thanks to Vatican II which happened in the 1960’s the church realized that there was a need to
retrieve the real spirit of the Bible. The Vatican Council II of the Catholic Church discussed about the
urgency of the spiritual renewal of the church. It became the marching order from the top echelon of
the Catholic Church from the Pope to the Cardinals, bishops and priests all over the world. This
movement caught fire and duplicated by other Christian denominations and sects. Hence we have now
the term, ecumenical movement or ecumenism.
Ecumenism- is a movement or tendency foward worldwide Christian unity or cooperation. The
ecumenical movementseeks to recover the apostolic sense of the early church for unity in diversity, and
it confronts the frustrations, difficulties, and ironies of the modern pluralistic world. It is a lively
reassessment of the historical sources and destiny of what followers perceive to be the one, holy,
catholic, and apostolic church of Jesus Christ. (www.britannica.com/topic/ecumenism). If you look at the
picture of Ghandi, he has a perfect reminder for everyone. He said, “Nobody in this world possesses
absolute truth. This is God’s attribute alone. Relative truth is all we know.” Today, ecumenism is
not only exclusive among Christian churches but it extends towards other religions through the principles
of “unity in diversity” and “many paths yet only one destiny.” Ecumenism simply means that no
religion possesses the whole truth as Gandhi reiterates.

What to TRANSFER
Let us now try to test your take aways!

Activity 4: SUSMARYOSEP!

Description: This activity will test what you learned from this lesson. This will help you synthesize your learning through
critical thinking.

Directions: Below is a picture of “Regina Rica” as discussed in Lesson 1. It is located in Tanay, Rizal. In essay type,
answer the following questions below: Note that you have to answer this activity in you Activity Notebook!

4
Rubric 3 2 1
Very Good Good Fair
Content Contains all the Contains some necessary Contains less necessary ideas
necessary ideas to ideas to support the to support the answer.
support the answer. answer.
The flow of the The flow of the answer is The flow of the answer is
Organization answer is organized somewhat unorganized organized and in directs the
and directs the ideas and somewhat in directs ideas to the answer.
to the answer. the ideas to the answer.

Critical Thinking Questions:


1. How geography, culture and religion interplay in the example below? Particularly concerning geographical location, the traditions or
rituals being practiced or associated with it.

Regina Rica, Tanay, Rizal

Remember that you need to complete the activity before moving on to the next part of this module.

Note: You may check your answer on the Answer Key Page.

Congratulations! You may now move on to the next module.

IV. SUMMARY/SYNTHESIS

Concepts to Ponder!

 Paradigm – is a worldview, belief or a model of thought.


 Hellenism - is the term used to describe the influence of Greek culture on the entire Roman Empires. The Hellenistic period
covers the period of
 Culture – is the whole way of life. It is ‘ordinary” according to Raymond Williams which means all we do from sunrise to
sunset is part of our culture.
 New Normal Culture-is a deviation from the “normal” way of life to the “not normal” due to the Covid-19 pandemic. It is more
of awareness and prevention against the pandemic which includes social distancing, wearing masks and washing of hands or
using alcohol to avoid the virus.
 Ecumenism- is a movement or tendency toward worldwide Christian unity or cooperation
 Renewal - Second Vatican Council, also called Vatican II, (1962–65), 21st ecumenical council of the Roman Catholic
Church, announced by Pope John XXIII on January 25, 1959, as a means of spiritual renewal for the church and as an
occasion for Christians separated from Rome to join in a search for Christian unity.

V. EVALUATION/ASSESSMENT

I. Directions: Write the letter of the best answer. Use 1 whole sheet of pad paper.

_____1. It is a movement or tendency foward worldwide Christian unity or cooperation.


a. Renewal b. Ecunemism c. Unification d. Hellenism

_____2. Which among the following is NOT a function of religion identified by Calderon?

a. Religion explains events or situations which are beyond the comprehension of man.
b. It provides hope for a blissful life after death.
c. It condemns people from its sins.
d. It preserves and transmits knowledge, skills, spiritual and cultural values and practices.

_____3. It is a deviation from the “normal” way of life to the “not normal” due to the Covid-19 pandemic. It is more of awareness and
prevention against the pandemic which includes social distancing, wearing masks and washing of hands or using alcohol to avoid the
virus.

a. New Normal Culture b. New culture c. New Trend Culture d. New Normal Ways

5
II. Directions: Identify the correct answer.

_____________1. It is the whole way of life. It is ‘ordinary” according to Raymond Williams which means all we do from sunrise to
sunset is part of our culture.
_____________2. It is the term used to describe the influence of Greek culture on the entire Roman Empires. The Hellenistic period
covers the period of

PERFORMANCE TASK: Explain the relationship among religion, geography, and culture as shown in the
diagram below. Don’t forget to write the answer on a PAD PAPER!

Rubric 3 2 1
Very Good Good Fair
Content Contains all the Contains some necessary Contains less necessary
necessary ideas to ideas to support the ideas
support the answer. answer. to support the answer.
The flow of the The flow of the answer is The flow of the answer is
Organization answer is organized somewhat unorganized organized and in directs the
and directs the ideas and somewhat in directs ideas to the answer.
to the answer. the ideas to the answer.

RELIGION SOCIETY/CULTURE

____________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________

VI. ANSWER KEY


Activity 2: Choose the best!s
1. a
2. b
3. c
4. c
5. a

Activity 4: SUSMARYOSEP!
It used to be a mountainous, serene, and peaceful location very close to nature overlooking
Laguna lake. Now it is transformed into a pilgrimage site especially for Catholic Christian
believers. This is a concrete example of how religion changes the landscape of a geographic
location and context. Filipinos are very religious people and their dependence to God can be
traced to the numerous sacred images and places around the country. Regina Rica in Tanay,
Rizal is just one of them.

References and Website Links Used in This Module

Books
McKinney, Laurence O. (1994). Nuerotheology: Virtual Religion in the 21st Century retrieved from https://www.
Amazon.com>Nuerotheology-Virtual-2
Ramos, Christine Carmela R. Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human Person.Rex Bookstore.2016
Cornejo, Nigel L., et al. Fundamentals of World Religions. MaxCor Publishing House, Inc., 2019
Serapio, Maria Perpetua Arcilla. Introduction to World Religions for Senior High School. Mindshapers Co., Inc. 2016
Vega, Violeta A. et al. Social Dimensions of Education. Lorimar Publishing Inc., 2009
Ramos, Christine Carmela, PhD. Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human Person. Rex Bookstore.2016 Cornelio, Calano &
Sapitula. 2016. INTRODUCTION TO WORLD RELIGIONS AND BELIEF SYSTEMS. Recto Ave, Manila City. Rex Book Store Inc.

Web links as References and for Learner’s Activities


https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d1/Portrait_Gandhi.jpg
www.npr.org>2010/12/15>nuerotheology-where-religi...
https://ink.library.smu.edu.sg/soss_research/2239/
https://www.britannica.com/topic/ecumenism
https://www.books.google.com>books>about?Foundations_of_Education
https://www.britannica.com/event/Second-Vatican-Council

PREPARED BY:

BONIFACIO A. NAOE II
SHS TEACHER II

You might also like