THEORY OF
ARCHITECTURE
A. Rationale and Description
1. Understanding of the theories and
principles of design and architectural
THEORY OF design process;
2. Analysis of anthropometric,
ARCHITECTURE proxemic, and kinesthetic
Syllabi requirements of space in relation to
architectural design;
3. Analysis of sociocultural and
technological trends which are
contributory to the development of
contemporary architecture
B. Scope
1. Introduction
THEORY OF • The Nature of Architecture
• Architecture as art and science
ARCHITECTURE • Processes in architectural Design
Syllabi 2. Elements of Architecture and Basic
Principles of Design
• Need-specific elements
• Structural, circulatory protective,
and decorative elements
3. Design Perception
a) Anthropometric basis of
architectural design
THEORY OF b) Space articulation and
territoriality
ARCHITECTURE c) Visual and perceptual language
Syllabi d) Psychology of space
e) Proxemics and culture
4. Tropical Architecture
a) Influences and elements of
tropical architecture
b) Specific examples of tropical
architecture
ELEMENT OF
DESIGN
POINT
• The two ends of a line
• The intersection of two
lines
• The meeting of lines at
the corner of a plane or
volume
• The center of a field
LINE
A point extended becomes a
line with properties of:
• Length
• Direction
• Position
PLANE
A line extended becomes a
plane with properties of:
• Length and width
• Shape
• Surface
• Orientation
• Position
VOLUME
A plane extended becomes a
volume with properties of:
• Length, width, depth
• Form and space
• Surface
• Orientation
• Position
ELEMENTS
OF DESIGN
SPATIAL
RELATIONSHIPS
• Space within a Space
• Interlocking Spaces
• Adjacent
• Spaces linked by a
Common Space
ANTHROPOMETRICS
The measurement and
study of the size and
proportions of the
human body
ERGONOMICS
An applied science concerned
with the characteristics of
people that need to be
considered in the design of
devices and systems in order
that people and things interact
effectively and safely
• Also called human
engineering
PROXEMICS
• The study of how man uses
space - the space that he
maintains between himself and
his fellows and which he builds
around him in his home and
office. It is the study of the ways
in which individuals use physical
space in their interactions with
others and how this use of
physical space influences
behaviour of all concerned.
-Edward T. Hall
ARCHITECTURAL
SYSTEMS
SPATIAL
SYSTEM
• The three-dimensional
integration of program elements
and spaces accommodates the
multiple functions and
relationships of a house.
STRUCTURAL
SYSTEM
• A grid column support
horizontal beams and slabs.
• The cantilever acknowledges
the direction of approach
along the longitudinal axis.
ENCLOSURE
SYSTEM
• Four exterior wall planes
define rectangular volume
that contains the program
elements and spaces
CIRCULATION
SYSTEM
• The stair and ramp penetrate
and link the three levels, and
heighten the viewer’s
perception of forms in space
and light
• The curved form of the
entrance foyer reflects the
movement of the automobile.
CONTEXT
• A simple exterior form wraps
around a complex interior
organization of forms and spaces.
• Elevating the main floor provides a
better view and avoids the
humidity of the ground
• A garden terrace distributes
sunlight to the spaces gathered
around it.
ARCHITECTURAL
ORDERS
ARCHITECTURAL ORDERS Form and Space Systems and Organizations of:
Physical • Solids and Voids • Space
• Interior and Exterior • Structure
• Enclosure
• Machines
Perceptual Sensory perception and recognition of • Approach and Departure
the physical elements by experiencing • Entry and Egress
them sequentially in time • Movement through the order of spaces
• Functioning of and activities within spaces
• Qualities of light, color, texture, view and sound
Conceptual Comprehension of the ordered and • Images
disordered relationships among a • Patterns
building’s elements and systems and • Signs
responding to the meanings they evoke • Symbols
• Context (Space, Form, Function, Technics)
FORM
• Form is an inclusive term that has
several meanings. It may refer to an
external appearance that can be
recognized, as that of a chair or the
human body that sits in it. It may also
allude to a particular condition in which
something acts or manifests itself, as
when we speak of water in the form of
ice or steam.
PROPERTIES
FORM
PROPERTIES
FORM
DIMENSIONAL
TRANSFORMATION
SUBTRACTIVE
FORM
SUBTRACTIVE &
ADDITIVE FORM
ADDITIVE FORM
CENTRALIZED
FORM
CENTRALIZED
FORM
CENTRALIZED
FORM
LINEAR FORM
RADIAL FORM
CLUSTERED
FORM
CLUSTERED FORM
GRID FORM
ORDERING
PRINCIPLES
ORDERING PRINCIPLE - AXIS
ORDERING PRINCIPLE - AXIS
ORDERING PRINCIPLE - AXIS
ORDERING PRINCIPLE - AXIS
ORDERING PRINCIPLE - AXIS
ORDERING PRINCIPLE - SYMMETRY
ORDERING PRINCIPLE – RADIAL SYMMETRY
ORDERING PRINCIPLE – BILATERAL SYMMETRY
ORDERING PRINCIPLE - SYMMETRY
ORDERING PRINCIPLE - HIERARCHY
ORDERING PRINCIPLE - HIERARCHY
ORDERING PRINCIPLE - HIERARCHY
ORDERING PRINCIPLE - HIERARCHY
ORDERING PRINCIPLE - HIERARCHY
ORDERING PRINCIPLE - HIERARCHY
ORDERING PRINCIPLE - HIERARCHY
ORDERING PRINCIPLE - DATUM
ORDERING PRINCIPLE - DATUM
ORDERING PRINCIPLE - DATUM
ORDERING PRINCIPLE - DATUM
ORDERING PRINCIPLE - DATUM
ORDERING PRINCIPLE - DATUM
ORDERING PRINCIPLE - RHYTHM
ORDERING PRINCIPLE - REPETITION
ORDERING PRINCIPLE - REPETITION
ORDERING PRINCIPLE - REPETITION
ORDERING PRINCIPLE - REPETITION
ORDERING PRINCIPLE - REPETITION
ORDERING PRINCIPLE - REPETITION
ORDERING PRINCIPLE - REPETITION
Architectural Systems
Andres T.
Luna De
San Pedro
Lizares Mansion, Jaro, Ilo-Ilo
Juan
Nakpil
Manila Jockey Club
Juan Nakpil
Capital Theatre, Manila
Juan Arellano
Legislative Building (National Museum), Manila
Juan Arellano
Manila Central Post Office
(Pre-World war II), Manila
Cesar
Concio
Church of the Risen Lord, UP
Cesar
Concio
Palma Hall, UP
Leandro
Locsin
Folk Arts Theatre
Leandro
Locsin
Manila International Airport
(NAIA Terminal 1)
Leandro
Locsin
Davao International Airport
Leandro
Locsin
Church of Monastery of the Transfiguration
Malaybalay, Bukidnon
Leandro
Locsin
Philippine International Convention Center
Francisco
Manosa
Coconut Palace
(Tahanang Pilipino), Manila
Francisco
Manosa
Pearl Farm, Samal Island, Davao
Francisco
Manosa
San Miguel Building
Mandaluyong City
Francisco
Manosa
Shrine of Mary, Queen of Peace (EDSA Shrine)
Japan
National
Stadium
Kengo Kuma, Taisei Corporation, and Azusa Sekkei Co
Museum
of the
Future
Killa Design
Shanghai
Astronomy
Museum
Ennead Architects
